Water balance
Point from Minutes of meeting: “Quantity of fresh water consumption will be reduced after recycling of treated effluent. Water balance need to be reassessed”
Overall water balance for the expansion and zinc project have been reassessed as per the directions of the ministry and the details regarding the same are as follows. A) Water inputs to the Unit The total water requirement for the proposed expansion and zinc project will be 494 KLD. There will not be any usage of ground water. Fresh raw water of 308KLD will be received from the Chennai Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) and the balance 186 KLD will be catered by the recycle of treated water from the RO plant. Comparison of water inputs to the unit between existing vs proposed expansion & zinc project is shown in the following table.
Consumption KLD S. No Description Source Existing Expansion & plant Zinc project
Chennai Metro Water Supply and 1 Fresh raw water 175 308 Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) Effluent Treatment Plant(ETP) - 2 Recycle water Further treatment done in Reverse 79 186 Osmosis(RO) plant Total water 3 ** 254 494 inputs to the unit
B) Water usage in the Unit The total water requirement for plant usage for the proposed expansion and zinc projectwill be 444 KLD which covers the water requirements for cooling tower, boiler & DM plant and process plants.Regarding water requirement for plant usage, 42 KLD water will be used for caustic dilution & other process requirements, 227 KLD water will be used as compensation for cooling tower blow down, evaporation & drift losses and 175 KLD water will be required for boiler feed water generation & compensation for blowdown. The total water usage for domestic purpose for the proposed expansion and zinc project is 50 KLD which covers the drinking & washing requirements of personnel and canteen usage as well. Comparison of water usage for the unit between existing plant vs proposed expansion & zinc project is shown in the following table.
Consumption KLD S.No Description Purpose Expansion & Existing plant Zinc project For caustic dilution & other process 1 Process Usage 15 42 requirements
Page 1 of 6 Consumption KLD S.No Description Purpose Expansion & Existing plant Zinc project Make up water for compensation of 2 Cooling towers 99 227 evaporation, drift and blowdown losses
Boiler feed water generation& 3 Boiler/DM plant 110 175 compensation for blowdown Total Plant 4 As mentioned above 224 444 Usage (1+2+3) Drinking & washing requirements of 5 Domestic Usage 30 50 personnel, canteen usage etc. Total water 6 usage of unit Domestic & plant requirements 254 494 (4+5)
C) Unrecoverable water & Effluent generationin the Unit The total quantity of water which is unrecoverable in the proposed expansion and zinc project is 184 KLD. Evaporation & drift losses in cooling towers account for 149 KLD and 30 KLD of water used in process gets mixed along with the product. Around 5 KLD water as domestic consumption is also unrecoverable. The total trade effluent that will be generated for the proposed expansion and zinc project will be 265 KLD. The sources of generation of trade effluent are cooling tower blow down, boiler blowdown, DM plant regeneration water and water from process plant.Regarding trade effluent generation, 78 KLD trade effluent will be generated due to cooling towers blowdown, 32 KLD trade effluent will be generated due to boiler blowdown & DM plant regenerations, 143KLD trade effluent will be generated due to water &steam condensate from Steam jet ejectors, steam tracings etc. and 12 KLD trade effluent will be generated from process. The total sewage generated by the unit will be 45 KLD. The sourcesof sewage generation are wash rooms and canteen. The total effluent (Trade effluent + Sewage) generated by the unit is 310 KLD. Comparison of unrecoverable water &effluent generated in the unit between existing plant vs proposed expansion & zinc project is shown in the following table.
Consumption KLD S.No Description Source Expansion & Existing plant Zinc project I. Unrecoverable water in the unit
1 Evaporation & Drift losses Cooling Towers 69 149
2 Water mixed with product Raw water 15 30
3 Domestic consumption Raw water 3 5
Page 2 of 6 Consumption KLD S.No Description Source Expansion & Existing plant Zinc project Total unrecoverable water As mentioned 4 87 184 in the unit above II. Total Effluent Generation
5 Cooling towers blow down water Cooling Towers 30 78
Boiler blow down water/DM 6 Boiler/DM plant 26 32 plant regeneration water Steam jet ejectors, 7 Water & Steam condensate steam tracing systems 84 143 etc. 8 Water from process Process plant -- 12
9 Trade effluent (5+6+7+8) As mentioned above 140 265
Washrooms & 10 Sewage 27 45 Canteen
Total Effluent generated Trade effluent + 11 167 310 (9+10) Sewage III. Total water usage Unrecoverable 12 Total Water usage(4+11) water + Effluent 254 494 generated
D) Treated Effluent Recycle / Gardening Usage The trade effluent generated in the proposed expansion and zinc project will be treated in the Effluent treatment plant (ETP) available in the unit. The treated trade effluent meeting the quality standards prescribed will be partially used for gardening and green belt maintaining/development purposes and the balance will be recycled back for plant usage after further treatment through Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant. 79 KLD of treated trade effluent will be used for gardening and green belt maintaining/development purposes and the balance 186 KLD of treated trade effluent will be recycled for plant usage after further treatment in RO plant. Around 70% of the trade effluent generated will be recycled for plant usage to reduce the fresh raw water intake. The sewage generated in theproposed expansion and zinc project will be treated in the Sewage treatment plant (STP) available in the unit. The treated sewage meeting the quality standards prescribed will be used for gardening and green belt maintaining/development purposes. 45KLD treated sewage will also be utilized for gardening and green belt maintaining/development purposes. The total water requirement for gardening and green belt maintaining/development purposes is 124 KLD. Water requirement of ~3.5 litres per sq. m per day envisaged for gardening and green belt maintaining/development for the proposed expansion & zinc project.
Page 3 of 6 Green belt area => 8.56 acres =>34641 sq.m Water requirement (theoretical) for green belt development: 34641 × 3.5 Water requirement = = ~121퐾퐿퐷 1000 Comparison of distribution treated of effluent in the unit between existing plant vs proposed expansion & zinc project is shown in the following table.
Consumption KLD S. No Description Source Existing Expansion & plant Zinc project
Effluent treatment 1 Treated trade effluent for gardening 61 79 plant (ETP)
Sewage treatment 2 Treated sewage for gardening 27 45 plant (STP)
Total water usage for As mentioned 3 88 124 gardening(1+2) above Recycle water - Further treatment Effluent 4 done in Reverse Osmosis(RO) treatment plant 79 186 plant (ETP) Total Water (3+4) - Used for 5 ETP/STP 167 310 gardening + Recycle for plant use
Overall around 37% of the total water requirement of the expansion & zinc project will be catered through recycled water and the balance 63% requirement will be handled using fresh raw water supply from CMWSSB. Recycle of 70% of trade effluent generated for plant usage is envisaged in the expansion & zinc project which is app 15% higher than the existing plant recycle water quantities. Water balance flow diagrams of existing plant & proposed expansion & zinc project areattached below.
Page 4 of 6 i) Water BalanceFlow Diagram – Existing Plant
OVERALL WATER BALANCE - EXISTING
Raw water from CMWSSB - 175 KLD 175
Recycle water from RO plant - 79 Total Water usage - 79 KLD 254 KLD
99 110 15 30
Cooling Tower(CT) Boiler/DM plant feed Process Usage Domestic Usage-30 KLD
15 3 CT Evaporation / Drift Blowdown / Condensate from Water consumed - CT Blow down Water mixed with losses - 69 KLD 69 Regeneration Ejectors/others process - 15 KLD 3 KLD
30 26 84 27
Effluent Treatment Plant - 140 KLD Sewage Treatment Plant - 27 KLD
79 79 61 27 Gardening & Green Belt RO Plant development - 88 KLD
Pl Note: All values are in KLD
Page 5 of 6 ii) Water Balance Flow Diagram – Expansion & Zinc Project
OVERALL WATER BALANCE - EXPANSION & ZINC PROJECT
Raw water from CMWSSB - 308 KLD 308
Recycle water from RO plant - 186 Total Water usage - 186 KLD 494 KLD
227 175 42 50
Cooling Tower(CT) Boiler/DM plant feed Process Usage Domestic Usage-50 KLD
30 5 CT Evaporation / Drift Blowdown / Condensate from Water from Water mixed with Water consumed - CT Blow down losses - 149 KLD 149 Regeneration Ejectors/others Process process - 30 KLD 5 KLD
78 32 143 12 45
Effluent Treatment Plant - 265 KLD Sewage Treatment Plant - 45 KLD
186 186 79 45 Gardening & Green Belt RO Plant development -124 KLD
Pl Note: All values are in KLD
Page 6 of 6 VOC in indoor air quality
Point from Minutes of meeting:
“VOC to be monitored in the Indoor air quality”
The unit handles solvents like Mono ethylene glycol (MEG), 2-Ethyl hexanol (2 EH) &Isodecyl alcohol (IDA) as raw materials for the process.
The unit has VOC sensors installed at Process plant & Tank farm for VOC online monitoring and they are also hooked up to Care Air Centre (CAC), Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) & Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) for continuous monitoring.
Particulars of the VOC analysers installed in the unit are as follows.
PRINCIPLE OF DESCRIPTION MAKE MODEL LOCATION MEASUREMENT ION VOC ANALYSER - 1 PHOTOIONISATION DETECTION TVOC PHENATE PLANT SCIENCE
600 SERIES VOC ANALYSER -2 IGD PHOTOIONISATION DETECTION TOCSIN903 TANKFARM
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Recent trend details of VOC analysers in the unit attached as follows…
I. Trend chart of VOC analyser-1
II. Trend chart of VOC analyser-2
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In addition to the online VOC monitoring, the unit also does periodic VOC monitoring survey covering both indoor & outdoor area of the entire facility through third party agency.
The unit has recently done the VOC monitoring survey covering both indoor & outdoor area of the entire facility through third party agency. The VOC survey results indicates that the VOC levels at both indoor & outdoor locations in the facility are negligible and are well within the limits prescribed. VOC survey details attached below
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VOC monitoring survey was done at 42 points covering both indoor &oudoor locations of the entire facility. VOC monitoring survey locations indicated in the plot plan attached below.
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VOC survey results attached below for reference.
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Enterprise Social Commitment Indian Additives Limited Point from Minutes of meeting:
“Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon.”
Reply:
As theproposed expansion and ZDTP projects are in existing industry in Manali in “Notified Industrial Area” and there is no displacement of any habitation and there is no public hearing orspecific ESR pointsarised from public for this project. However, as a part of IAL’s corporate responsibility, IAL is making a initiatives and investments on the social responsibility development in villages nearby plant area through partnering with IIT.
The details of the social responsibility action plan are elaborated as discussed in this report. IAL will continue to work on social responsibility programs in future in collaboration with IIT in the areas:
1. Sustainable Hybrid water Systems
2. Development of sustainable onsite wastewater treatment plant for resource recovery
IAL is complying with the “Error! Reference source not found.”given by MoEF as attached herewith.The CSR cost for the proposed projectsis in this report for your kind perusal.
We are hereby requesting to kindly consider this and to exempt IAL from ESR of 2.5%.
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Sustainable Waste Management and Resource Recovery
Executive Summary
On account of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), IAL has engaged Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) through one of its wings called Industrial Consultancy and Sponsored Research (ICSR).
As such, IAL and IITM have jointly decided to activate various initiatives in the nearby villages of Vichoor Panchayat. “Sustainable Waste Management and Resource Recovery” project was identified as a part of Corporate Social Responsibility.
Vichoor (Panchayat) is a developing residential area in North of Chennai, the capital of Tamilnadu. Ezhil Nagar is a part of Vichoor Panchayat and will be engaged for sustainable waste management & resource recovery. Ezhil Nagar consists of 12 streets with 300 concrete houses.
Ezhil Nagar, one of the wards of VichoorPanchyat has been identified and base works have been initiated for the first item “Sustainable Waste Management and Resource Recovery”.The aim of this initiative is to demonstrate complete resource recovery from waste, provide solutions for clean water in all possible forms and during the process, involve the community and thus make the system sustainable. Currently, baseline data has been collected to plan the execution and the teams appointed by the panchayat have been briefed on the execution plan. This document explains in detail, the progress of the project (Sustainable Waste Management and Resource Recovery).
Contents 1.1 Project Summary ...... 3 1.2 Background ...... 3 1.3 Budget and Timeline ...... 4 1.4 Overall Project Phases: ...... 4 1.5 Present status ...... 4 1.6 Project Activities status update ...... 4 Annexure-1. Survey Questionnaire ...... 11 Annexure-2. Survey Results ...... 19
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Sustainable Waste Management and Resource Recovery
1.1 Project Summary Project Type: Health-Water-Waste-Management Project Title: Sustainable Waste Management and Resource Recovery Objective: To manage Wastes and to recover resources in a sustainable manner for clean and healthy village Budget: 97 Lakhs Timeline: Up to 2 years
1.2 Background Village: Vichoor (Panchayat) is a developing residential area in North of Chennai, the capital of Tamilnadu. Ezhil Nagar is a part of Vichoor Panchayat and will be engaged for sustainable waste management & resource recovery. Ezhil Nagar consists of 12 streets with 300 concrete houses. Ezhil Nagar / Jagan Nagar / Sriram Nagar / Ganapathi Nagar having about 300 households in Vichoor Panchayat, selected based on suggestions by Panchayat President / Secretary Focus: (1) Resource recovery from solid waste Recover recyclable material Composting of biodegradable waste to obtain manure (2) Resource recovery from wastewater Design and install collection system for wastewater from households Treat the collected wastewater using a sustainable technology Recycle the treated wastewater for flushing / horticulture / GW recharge through infiltration Sludge to be used as manure (3) Rainwater harvesting Design and install a storm water collection system Storm water to be stored in local water bodies / (4) Restore and protect local water bodies (5) Involve the community and thus make the system sustainable. Benefits of Decentralised Waste Management A decentralized initiative has many Economic, Health and Social Benefits. The localized collection and processing of wastes, avoids the carting of wastes too far off dumping sites. It reduces the expenditure of imported diesel, consequent traffic congestions, air pollution and road maintenance costs. It also reduces the contamination of ground water through the seepage of leachate. The process of composting converts the humid organic kitchen waste into compost that can be used as an organic fertilizer.
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Project Team: Project Associates from IIT Madras, Sociology Expert, Students/Interns from IIT Madras and the local community.
1.3 Budget and Timeline The total budget for this project is about Rs.97 Lakh. This project is expected to be completed in about 2 years.
1.4 Overall Project Phases: Phase 1: Identifying and selecting a residential association volunteering team and then discussion with core team members for collection of baseline data to plan for execution. Phase 2: Training to the Panchayat appointed supervisor &labour team on details of the project and its execution plan. Phase 3: Awareness campaign, education and training on source segregation, distribution of 3 different color bins, stickers and write ups. All these will be distributed on inauguration day Phase 4: Setting up of a dry waste segregation (400 Sqft) & 150 Kg/day composting yard (1320 Sqft) Phase 5: Door to door collection of waste into 3 different types i.e. wet waste, sanitary waste, dry waste (Inorganic Recyclable waste). Collection of the same will be done by Panchayat appointed trained team Phase 6: Collected waste in 3 different types is taken for segregation. Dry waste is then packed and stored in the storage yard, organic waste is taken to composting yard & processed; sanitary waste will be disposed of to existing common bins once they are filled and will be sent to landfill. Phase 7: Monitoring, reporting and data on collection & management of waste per day with results on net returns from the project.
1.5 Present status Current Waste Management System in Ezhil Nagar: As shown in the picture below, there are common pits in the street corners to dispose the waste. All the waste that is generated in the houses is being dumped into these pits. Organic waste decomposes in these pits, over time while the non-biodegradable wastes remain as such.
1.6 Project Activities status update Pre-Feasibility Study at Ezhil Nagar Existing solid waste management system with common Present way of solid waste dumping practice along collection bins the streets in vacant areas
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Discussion with MrChristain, Secretary, Panchayat of Vichoor Village
Project Inauguration at Ezhil Nagar, Vichoor Village Residents from 300 household of Ezhil Nagar were invited for the project inauguration function. The function was chaired by Mr Wesley, President of Vichoor Village, MrSudharkaran, Senior official from Indian Additives Limited, DrLigy Philip &Dr B.S Murty, Professors from IIT Madras, and MrChristain, Secretary Vichoor Village. Over 100 people participated in the function and actively involved in all the discussions and future actions plans making this event a complete success.
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Welcome Address by Dr B S Murty DrLigy Philip explained about sustainable village project supported IAL along with IIT Madras
Mr Sudhakar shared IAL motivation to support for the CSR project initiative along with IIT Madras Mr Wesley expressed their whole hearted support for the project MrChristain shared his thoughts on implementing this initiative and explained the benefits to the village
Awareness on Waste Management- color coded bins and Tri Cycle for waste collection supplied by IIT Madras; Details shared by Projects team (MrYoganathan&MrDawood, Mr Kumaran, MrVarun)
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Ezhil Nagar residents share their support and participate in open discussions
Solid Waste cleaned from open grounds & streets at Ezhil Nagar
Baseline Survey at Vichoor Panchayat Baseline survey was conducted using survey questionnaire at Ezhil Nagar, Sriram Nagar, Jagan Nagar, Ganapaty Nagar &Laxshmi Nagar in Vichoor Panchayat covering the total population of 300 households. The survey helps to identify the water supply, solid waste disposal & sewage collection system among households in the village.
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Training Programs The Training program was arranged for the community people in the following topics. They are: A. Personal Hygiene B. Environmental Cleanliness C. Solid Waste Management. The main objective of this training programme is to educate the community people on importance of Personal Hygiene, Environmental Cleanliness and Solid Waste Management. There are about 70 to 80 people community people benefited through this training programme. Prof. Ligy Philip, IIT Madras, Prof. B.S.Murty , IIT Madras &Mr.Christian, Secretary Vichoor Panchayat attended the programme.
Topography Survey Road levels and Contour survey is conducted in Ezhilnagar with external surveyor during 22nd – 24th august 2015
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Recruitment of Field Workers Two full time male workers (Garbage cleaner) were employed from the local village to collect garbage from the houses (daily), Segregate it & clean the roads regularly in the village. One tricycle and cleaning Equipments were provided.
Proposed Compost Yard Land Survey The compost yard land survey was done by the government surveyors for the construction of compost yard in the village. In this place we are going to construct permanent compost yard measuring 1800sq.ft. and the remaining portion of the land will be kept for Segregation yard for dry Recyclable waste.
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Annexure
Annexure-1. Survey Questionnaire Serial No.: GPS Coordinates-House: GPS Coordinates-Toilet: 1. Name of the Panchayat: 2. Name of the Village: 3. Ward No : 4. Name of the Respondent: 5. House No: 6. Name and Address of the Head of the Family(with Mobile No., Landline No.&E-Mail ID) 7. Type of Family o Joint o Nuclear o Extended 8. Type of house (Ownership) o Owned o Rented o Leased o Others (e.g., Owned by a relative) 9. Type of House Roofing o Thatched o Cement Sheet o Concrete 10. Area of the Household Premise (in Sq. Ft.) 11. Total vacant(un-built) space available in the premises(in LXB) 12. Do you have toilet facility in your house? o Yes o No 13. If yes what type of Toilet facility? o Toilet and Bathroom without attached o Toilet and Bathroom attached in the house itself
14. Whether everyone in the family uses the toilet? o Yes o No 15. If No do you prefer Open Defecation? o Yes o No 16. How many of them not using the toilet? o Adult Male how many-
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o Adult Female how many- o Male Child how many- o Female child how many- 17. What is the reason for not using the in-house toilet facility? (Muliple option can be chosen). o Too young to use the toilet o Too old to use the toilet o Difficult to use by the physically challenged/old o Toilet not operational o Lack of water o Long queuing time o Unclean o If others, Please Specify 18. What is the type of toilet seat? o Indian Type-water sealed o Western Type-water sealed Water Supply 19. What is the source of water supply in your household? o Municipal Tap o Hand Water Pump o Well Water o Bore Water o Water Lorry/Tanker o Pond/Lake/River 20. Is the water supply adequate to meet all your household and sanitation requirements? o Yes o No 21. If the answer is no, why is the water insufficient? (Multiple options can be chosen) o Frequency of water is poor o Water storage system is poor o Access to water is poor(faraway from household) o Absence of electricity to run the motor and fill the OHT o Poor ground water conditions o Others,please specify 22. Identify the number of days suffered by water shortage? o Once in a week o Twice a week o 3-4 times a week o Others, Please specify 23. How do you store the water at home? o Buckets o Drums o Small Tanks o Sumps+Overhead Tanks o Others Please Specify 24. When faced with water shortage what do you do?
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o Use available water to clean yourself only? o Forced to use potable water to clean and flush o Use tissue paper/newspaper to clean and flush o Others, please specify 25. If you “Use tissue paper/Newspaper” how do you dispose them? o Wrap it in a plastic cover and dispose in the common Dustin o Dispose it a separate dustbin inside the toilet o Dispose it in the toilet basin itself 26. If the water is insufficient, do you buy water using tankers? (How much per litre and how many litres) o If Yes how much Rs. ……per litres o No 27. How is the quality of water? o Good o Bad 28. Do you treat your water in any way to make it safe to drink? o Yes o No 29. If yes what do you usually do to the water to make it safer to drink? o Boil it o Add bleach/Chlorine o Strain it through a cloth o Use a sand filter o Solar disinfection o Others Please Specify…. 30. Does the toilet have a direct water connection? o Yes o No 31. If yes, then what is the type of flushing system used? o Automated Flush o Mechanical-Single Flush o Mechanical – Dual Flush o Manual pour Flush 32. In case of manual pour flush; identify the bucket type used in your toilet and the number of buckets of water used for flushing? 33. If you are using manual pouring method, will you be willing to adapt mechanical pour flush model? o Yes o No 34. What is the reason for not having a direct water connection inside your toilets? (Multiple options can be chose) o Do not have enough water to have an overhead storage tank o Do not have enough money to buy overhead water tank o Do not have enough money to pay monthly electricity charges o Others ; please specify 35. What is your perception about the cleanliness of your toilet?
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□ Always Clean □ Sometimes dirty □ Always dirty 36. Please indicate the type of collection system for the black water emanating from your toilet facility? Solid Waste Disposal 37. How do you dispose the following garbage at home?
Types of Burn Bury Dump Garbage Recycle Reuse Compost Other Garbage River/ In On EHO Truck (Specify) yard road Lake Dump site
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Food waste
Yard trimmings
Paper/card board
Plastic
Metals
Glass
Sanitary Napkins
Other Household
38. Do you use bin for the collection of garbage? o Yes o No 39. If yes how many? o One o Two o Three 40. If you use more than one bin, do you segregate and dispose it?
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o Yes o NO 41. If you are not using a bin, specify how you are disposing? 42. Do you compost yard trimming at home? o Yes o No 43. Do you compost food scraps at home? o Yes o No 44. Are you aware of any health issues relating to garbage? o Yes o No 45. Are you pay for waste collection service? o Yes o No 46. Do you know about segregation of waste? o Yes o No 47. Do you know how to dispose the e-waste? o Yes o No 48. Where do you store your garbage? o In a pile on the floor o Big oil tin o Iron bucket o Plastic bucket Paper or plastic o Other (specify) 49. Approximate dimensions of container: Height ____ cm. Width ____ cm. 36 Volume ____ litres 50. How much refuse do you collect in a day? o Quarter container o Half container o Three−quarter container o Full container Others (specify) 51. How much are you willing to pay for proper solid waste collection system? 52. Did you sell scrap materials? 53. How much revenue you generate from scrap materials? 54. How often is the waste from your house removed for disposal? o Once a day o Once in two days o Once in three days
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o Once in four days o Once a week o Other (specify) 55. Who removes the refuse from your house for disposal? o Householder Sweepers o Other (specify) 56. How much do you pay your sweeper each month for removing refuse? 57. Where do you dump your refuse? o Open plot Compost pile o Front of house Roadside o Other (specify) 58. What happens to the dumped refuse? o Stays there removed by municipality o Burnt Searched by scavengers o Other (specify) 59. Do you retain any material, either re−using it yourself or selling it; if so which? o No Paper Coloured glass o Plastic Clear glass bottles o Metals o Metals Cardboard o Cloth o Food−wastes o Other (specify) 60. For what price do you sell the above−mentioned articles and in what quantity? 61. How often do you sell the above−mentioned quantities? 62. What articles would you store if they paid you for it? For what minimum value? 63. Are you heard about recycling & reuse? 64. Is there a difference between reuse and recycling? o Yes o No 65. Do you support the idea of recycling? o Yes o No 66. Are you interested in recycling? 67. What materials make up the majority of your household waste? (Tick those applicable) o Waste paper (e.g. newspaper) o Cardboard o Glass o Plastics Kitchen waste (vegetable and others...... ) o Garden waste o Fruit scraps
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o Others Please Specify Sewage Collection System
68. Please indicate the type of collection system for the black water emanating from your toilet facility? Kindly provide the structural drawing of your fecal sludge collection system? (Photo necessary) o Single Pit o Twin Pit o Septic tank o Others,Please specify. 69. From when you are collecting Fecal Sludge? (No. of years) 70. Have you desludged your F.S collection system before? o Yes o No 71. If yes,how often do you desludge your F.S.collection system? 72. When was the last time your F.S.collection system was desludged? 73. If no, Please specify the reasons for not desludging? o Don’t know that desludging is required o it is local government’s responsibility to desludge o I think it is the landlord’s responsibility(for tenant occupied premises) o Do Unaware about the frequency of desludging o I think not know whom and how to approach for desludging o Not filled yet o Newly constructed collection system o No response from local government o No response from private operator o Financial issues o Others,Please specify 74. What is the storage capacity of your F.S collection system? 75. What are the dimensions of your F.S collection system? o Length(Feet/Meter) o Breadth (Feet/Meter) o Depth(Feet/Meter) 76. What was the cost of construction of your F.S collection? 77. Who constructed your F.S collection system? o Engineer/construction o Local Mason o Do not Know o Others please specify… 78. Where is the position of the fecal sludge collection system? o Situated right underneath the toilet structure o Situated at a distance from the toilet seat 79. If the F.S. collection system is placed right underneath the toilet seat,do you have separate access to desludge the system? o Yes o No
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80. If the F.S.collection system is placed right underneath the toilet seat and if it does not have access; how will your household desludge the F.S? o Move the toilet structure to a new location after the collection system is full o Do not know o Others,please specify 81. If the F.S collection system is placed right underneath the toilet seat and if it does not have access, do you have vacant space near the toilet to construct new F.S collection system? o Yes o No 82. Is F.S collection system placed at least within 50ft from the nearest road? o Yes o No Please Specify distance(Unit: Feet/meter)
83. Is the top opening/lid of the F.S.Collection system visibly above the ground? 84. Have you introduced a septic tank by modifying existing infrastructure? o Yes o No 85. If yes, Please specify the type of infrastructure o Undergroung Water Tank o Leach Pit o Soak pit/seepage pit o Others,please specify 86. How many chambers are there in your septic tank? o One o Two o Three o More than Three 87. What is the approximate horizontal distance between the F.S collection system and the water body? Also mention the depth at which water is available (relevant only for wells,tube wells and borewells)? 88. Are kitchen and bathroom water outlets connected to the F.S.collection system? 89. How did you identify the need to clean the F.S collection system? o Overflowing tank o Through regular inspection o Cleaning routine/schedule o Reminder from the contractor/local body o Accidentally o Others,Please specify 90. What type of vehicle was used/hired and the number of trips undertaken by the vehicle to clean the F.S collection system? o Tanker Lorry o A Tractor with an attachectrailor(No. of trips) o Jeep size vehicle with tanker/attached trailor(No. of trips) o Bi/Tri- Cycle fitted with small collection tank o Others,Please specify(No. of trips) 91. How was the desludging carried out?
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o Using hose pipe extending directly from the vehicle o No access from road manually collected using mechanized equipments. o No access from road,manually collected using non-mechanized equipments such as shovels 92. Who did you pay for F.S desludging operations? o To local worker Rs. o To local Government Rs. o To private operator Rs. o None. 93. Does the government or the local body provided you or anyone you know with any support for construction of toilets or collection system? o Yes o No 94. How much would you be willing to spend for drainage system to make it convenient and fit for disposal of fecal sludge? Rainwater Harvesting 95. Do you have any form of rainwater harvesting such as a water butt or a storage tank that specifically collects rainwater? o Yes o No 96. What is the condition of the rain water harvesting system? o In –use o Not-Usable 97. What is the capacity you have? o One or a few water butts or small tank(max total capacity 1,000 litres) o Several water butts or tanks (capacity between 1,000 and 10,000 litres) o Large tank or tanks (capacity in excess of 10,000 litres) o Don’t Know o Others Please specify
Annexure-2. Survey Results
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- End of report-
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Toxic material profile
Point from Minutes of meeting:
“Toxic material profile to be submitted.”
List of materials:
List of materials that are introduced in new component ZDTP (Zinc Di Thio Phosphate) manufacturing unit are as follows:
Raw Material/ Quantity S. No Material Name Material State Product (MT/Annum) 1 OLOA 262 Product Liquid 20000 Phosporous Penta Sulphide (P S ) 5336 2 2 5 Raw Material Solid 3 Secondary Butyl Alcohol (SBA) Raw Material Liquid 6013 4 Methyl Iso-Butly Carbinol (MIBC) Raw Material Liquid 2702 5 Zinc Oxide Raw Material Solid 2003
Abbreviations used:
ACGIH American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NFPA National Fire Protection Association (USA) NIOSH The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (USA) OLOA Oronite Lubricating Oil Additive OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA) PEL Permissible Exposure Limit PPE Personal Protective Equipment REL Recommended Exposure Limit STEL Short-term Exposure Limit TLV Threshold Limit Value TWA Time Weighted Average
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1. OLOA 262 [Chemical Name:Zinc alkyl dithiophosphate+Highlyrefined mineral oil (C15 - C50)] a. Toxicological Information&Exposure Limits Acute Dermal Toxicity: LD50: >5000mg/kg (rabbit). Acute Oral Toxicity: LD50: 2900 mg/kg (rat). Immediate health effects: Eye Irritation: The mean 24-72 hour EU eye irritation scores in rabbits for corneal opacity, iritis,conjunctival redness, and conjunctivalchemosis, respectively, are: 1.7, 1.0, 2.2, 2.8. The eye irritation hazard is based on corneal opacity persisting for more than 21 days. Skin Irritation: The 24-72 hour EU skin irritation scores for erythema and edema, respectively, in rabbitsare: 0.5, 1.3. The repeated-dose skin irritation hazard is based on data for a similar product. Skin Sensitization: This material did not cause skin sensitization reactions in a Buehler guinea pig test. Acute Inhalation Toxicity: The acute inhalation toxicity hazard is based on evaluation of data for similarmaterials or product components. Genetic Toxicity: This product gave negative results in the following mutagenicity assays:
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decompose and release hydrogensulfide gas (H2S) when heated above 100°C (212°F) or stored at temperatures above 80°C (176°F) formore than 5 days. c. Preventive and mitigating measures adopted in this project Material handling systems will be in completely in closed systems, in closed type storage tanks with Breather vents and blanketed with Nitrogen to maintain an inert atmosphere. Material will be transferred in closed piping and all measurements will be through mass flow meters.
Storage tanks are provided with temperature indicators with local reading and temperature transmitter to read from control room with audible alarm and provision of cooling water coils to cool down the material if required.
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2. Phosphorous Penta Sulphide (P2S5)
[Chemical Name: Phosphorus pentasulphide; Molecular formula: P2S5] a. Toxicological Information&Exposure Limits Skin: Dermal LD50 (Rabbit) – 500 mg/kg (24H) Ingestion: Oral LD50 (Rat) – 389 mg/kg Irritancy: Moderate irritation of skin & eyes of rabbit TLV: 1 mg/ m3 as TWA; 3 mg/ m3 as STEL (ACGIH 2004) PEL (OSHA): TWA 1 mg/m3 b. Hazard identification (as stated in MSDS) Potential health effects: Toxic, Irritant Relevant route of exposure: Skin contact: Irritant effect on skin, redness, pain Eye Contact: Causes severe irritation to eyes, pain & poor visibility Inhalation: Dust irritates the mucous membrane and all parts of respiratory system causing sore throat, cough, shortness of breath. High concentration can paralyse the sense of smell (olfactory nerves)
Symptoms due to toxic effect of Hydrogen sulphide (H2S): Contact of material with water or atmospheric moisture liberates toxic H2S. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, fall in blood pressure, loss of consciousness. There is a risk of paralysis of the central nervous system and formation of lung oedema can cause sudden death. Ingestion: Abdominal cramps, burning sensation, diarrhea, vomiting c. Preventive and mitigating measures adopted in this project P2S5 will be bought in dedicated Tote bin, which is a completely enclosed system and approved for land and sea transportation of hazardous chemicals (included UN 1340 class)
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Charging and material handling systems will be in closed system by completely automated system without a need for personnel exposure. The system will be blanketed with Nitrogento maintain an inert atmosphere and the Nitrogen atmosphere will be monitored through DCS system in the control room. Personnel working in the system are provided with personal H2S monitors. Fixed H2S sensors with audible alarms in the plant and the control room are fixed all over the plant. Personnel training will be provided for safe handling of P2S5. DCS interlocks are designed to stop the operation when the process parameters are deviating from the safe operating limits. Dedicated F&G panel will be installed for this project.
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3. Secondary Butyl Alcohol (SBA) [Chemical Name: 2-Butanol; Chemical formula: CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3] a. Exposure Limits & Toxicological Information TLV: 100ppm TWA (ACGIH) PEL: 150ppm TWA (OSHA) Routes of entry: Skin, inhalation and ingestion.
Toxicity to animals LD50 Oral: 6480 mg/kg [rat] Special remarks on toxic effects on humans: Exposure may cause nausea, head ache and vomiting. b. Hazard identification (as stated in MSDS) Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Causes irritation skin eyes and respiratory track. Affects central nervous system. c. Preventive and mitigating measures adopted in this project Material handling systems will be in completely in closed systems, in closed type storage tanks with Breather vents and blanketed with Nitrogento maintain an inert atmosphere. Material will be transferred in closed piping and all measurements will be through mass flow meters. Personal Protective Equipment such as chemical resistant gloves, safety goggles recommended in the MSDS will be used. Safety shower and eye wash available in the vicinity.
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4. Methyl Iso-Butly Carbinol (MIBC) [Chemical Name: Methyl isobutyl Carbinol; Molecular formula: (CH3)2CHCH2CH(OH)CH3] a. Hazard identification: May be harmful if swallowed Causes eye irritation b. Exposure Limits & Toxicological Information ACGIHTWA: 40 ppm (165 mg/m3) [skin] OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3) [skin] No immediate health effects identified in MSDS. c. Preventive and mitigating measures adopted in this project Material will be received in trucks and pumped in to the inerted storage tanks using closed piping systems. Completed material handling will be through closed piping system.
Personal Protective Equipment recommended in the MSDS will be used. Safety shower and eye wash provision is available in the vicinity.
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5. Zinc Oxide [Chemical Name: Zinc peroxide; Molecular formula: ZnO] a. Hazard identification: No special danger to health. No ignition hazard and reaction hazard under normal condition. Not toxic, but may cause Zn chill or brass founder’s aque. However, workers continuously exposed, quickly develop resistance. Dust may lock ducts of sebaceous and give rise to a popularpustulat eczema in men, packaging this compound. b. Exposure Limits & Toxicological Information OSHA PEL: TWA 5mg/m3 NIOSH REL: TWA 5 mg/m3 c. Preventive and mitigating measures adopted in this project Material is procured in leak proof multilayered super sacks and stored in whether proof dry material ware house.
Material is handled through closed dense phase solid handling system which will automatically convey the material from the receiver to the charging hopper, which has a closed automated dust collection system. From the hopper, the material is transferred to the reactor automatically in a closed system, without personnel handling or exposure. Personal Protective Equipment recommended in the MSDS will be used.
Zinc Oxide handling area will be well ventilated to minimize the exposure. Safety shower and eye wash provision is available in the vicinity.
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Annexure: MSDS
P2S5 MSDS.pdf 1.
SBA MSDS.pdf 2.
MIBC MSDS.pdf 3.
Zinc Oxide MSDS.pdf 4.
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