Folia Malacol. 21(4): 237–263 http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/folmal.021.026 FRESHWATER SNAILS (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) OF BULGARIA: AN UPDATED ANNOTATED CHECKLIST 1 2 DILIAN GEORGIEV , ZDRAVKO HUBENOV 1Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, BG--4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (e-mail: [email protected]) 2National Museun of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Blvd. Tsar Osvoboditel 1, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: The list of freshwater gastropods of Bulgaria, with data on their distribution, ecology and conserva- tion status, was based on a critical overview of all available sources and unpublished materials. The total num- ber of freshwater snail species hitherto recorded from Bulgaria is 120. Three species are regarded as extinct, two species were found only as subfossil remains. The most diverse families are Hydrobiidae (67 species), Planorbidae (15), and Lymnaeidae (11). The remaining families are represented by 1 to 4 species. Zoogeo- graphical, ecological and conservation data are discussed. KEY WORDS: Bulgaria, freshwater, distribution, ecology, conservation INTRODUCTION The Balkan malacofauna is much less well studied, and data on their distribution, was soon followed by compared to that of Western Europe, whereas at the HUBENOV’s (2005, 2007a) lists of the known Bulgar- same time it seems to be much richer (GLÖER & ian species, with an emphasis on their distribution DIERCKING 2010, WELTER-SCHULTES 2012). New spe- and ecology. More than 49 new species have been de- cies are described every year, while many rare species scribed since then (GEORGIEV 2011a, 2012d, GLÖER are receding or becoming extinct. The need for up- &GEORGIEV 2011, 2012, GEORGIEV &GLÖER 2013), dating country-wide and regional checklists is thus and two have been recorded as new for the country more urgent in the Balkans, compared to the other (IRIKOV &GEORGIEV 2008, SCHNIEBS et al. 2012), parts of Europe. while another two have been pronounced extinct The studies on freshwater snails of Bulgaria started (GEORGIEV 2010). in the second half of the 19th c. (MOUSSON 1859). This updated list is based on a critical overview of ANGELOV’s (2000a) relatively recent synopsis, con- the information on the freshwater gastropod fauna of taining a catalogue of aquatic molluscs of the country Bulgaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS SOURCES the ecological categorisation of species. The authors’ unpublished data from species diversity surveys in var- The literature survey included all the publications ious regions in Bulgaria were also included for the considering the Bulgarian freshwater gastropods purpose of comparison of the local faunas. from 1859 to 2013. The classification was based on The zoogeographical categorisation of the species GLÖER (2002), WALTHER et al. (2006) and GLÖER & was based on distributional data from ZHADIN (1952), DIERCKING (2010). These sources were also used for STAROBOGATOV (1970), WILLMANN &PIEPER (1978), 238 Dilian Georgiev, Zdravko Hubenov Fig. 1. Catchment areas RADOMAN (1983), GROSSU (1986, 1987, 1993), Distribution (Fig. 2): STADNICHENKO (1984, 1990), BOLE &VELKOVRH B – Black Sea Coast: BN – northern Black Sea (1986), BÃNÃRESCU (1990), FRANK et al. (1990), Coast, BS – southern Black Sea Coast ANISTRATENKO &STADNICHENKO (1994), BOETERS D – Danubian Plain: DE – Eastern Danubian (1998), ANGELOV (2000a), ANISTRATENKO & Plain, DEL – Ludogorie–Dobrudja District, DEP – ANISTRATENKO (2001) and the following electronic Popovo–Provadiya District, DM – Middle Danubian sources: DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species In- Plain, DW – Western Danubian Plain ventories for Europe), EOL (Encyclopedia of Life), P – Transitional Region: PB – Tundja–Strandja EUNIS biodiversity database, Fauna Europaea, Global Subregion, PBB – Bakadjik–Burgas District, PBC – invasive species database, Global Names Index, ITIS Sakar Mts, PBD – Strandja–Dervent District, PBS – (Integrated taxonomic information system), Strandja Mts, PBT – Sakar–Tundja District, PK – NEOBANIS (European Network on invasive Alien Kraishte–Konyavo District, PKG – Golo Bardo Mts, Species), PESI (A Pan-European Species directories PKK – Kraishte, PKQ – Konyavska Planina Mts, PKR – Infrastructure) and WoRMS (World Register of Ma- Rui Mts, PKV – Verila Mts, PKZ – Zemenska Planina rine Species). Mts, PS – Srednogorie–Podbalkan Subregion, PSA – Sarnena Gora, PSC – Sashtinska Sredna Gora, PSI – Ihtimanska Sredna Gora, PSL – Lozenska Planina STRUCTURE OF THE LIST, ABBREVIATIONS PSP PSS AND SYMBOLS Mts, – Podbalkan Basins, – Sredna Gora Mts, PT – Thracian Lowland, PV – Vitosha District, PVL – Each species account includes its taxonomic Lyulin Mts, PVP – Plana Mts, PVS – Sofia Basin, PVV – name, references, distributional information accord- Vitosha Mts ing to catchment area and region of Bulgaria, and R – Rila–Rhodope Massif: RO – Osogovo– altitudinal range (in m a.s.l.); overall distribution, Belasitsa Group, ROB – Belasitsa Mts, ROG – ecology and conservation status. Ograzhden Mts, ROM – Maleshevska Planina Mts, ROO – Osogovska Planina Mts, ROP Catchment areas (Fig. 1): Krupnik–Sandanski–Petrich Valley, ROS – 1 – Danubian, 2 – Black Sea, 3 – Aegean region Srednostrumska Valley, ROT – Boboshevo–Simitli Valley, ROV – Vlahina Planina Mts, RP – Rila–Pirin Checklist of Bulgarian freshwater snails 239 Fig. 2. Natural geographic territorial units in Bulgaria (for abbreviations – see the text) Group, RPM – Mesta Valley, RPP – Pirin Mts, RPR – Conservation status: Rila Mts, RPS – Slavyanka Mts, RPT – Stargach Mts, BC – Bern Convention, ESC – Red List of threat- RR – Rhodope Mts, RRE – Eastern Rhodope Mts, ened animals and plants in Europe, HD – Habitats Di- RRW – Western Rhodope Mts rective, IUCN categories (DD – Data Defficiency, EX – S – Stara Planina Range: SP – Predbalkan Extinct, LC – Least Concern, NT – Near Threatened, (Pre-Balkan or foothills north of Stara Planina Mts), VU – Vulnerable), RBBG – Bulgarian Red Data Book SPW – Western Predbalkan, SPM – Middle Predbalkan, SPE – Eastern Predbalkan, SB – Stara ? – lack of information or doubt (possible misiden- Planina (Balkan) Mts, SBW – Western Stara Planina tifications, no data, species with unclear taxonomic Mts, SBM – Middle Stara Planina Mts, SBE – Eastern status, no anatomical studies, other) Stara Planina Mts CHECKLIST OF BULGARIAN FRESHWATER SNAILS ORDO NERITOPSINA COX ET KNIGHT, 1960 al. (1963), RUSSEV (1966, 1968, 1979), ANGELOV Familia Neritidae Lamarck, 1809 (2000a), HUBENOV (2005, 2006a, 2007a) Genus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810 Theodoxus danubialis var. strangulatus (Mühlf.) – WOHLBEREDT (1911), WAGNER (1927), BÜTTNER 1. Theodoxus danubialis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) (1928), PETRBOK (1941), DRENSKI (1947) Nerita danubialis (Mühlf.) – WOHLBEREDT (1911) Catchment areas – 1, 2 Theodoxus danubialis (C. Pfeiffer) – BÜTTNER (1928), Distribution in Bulgaria – D, SP, B, 0–200 PETRBOK (1941, 1947), DRENSKI (1947), General distribution – Southeast European-Pontian, VALKANOV (1957), URBAÑSKI (1960), ANGELOV et Caspian relict 240 Dilian Georgiev, Zdravko Hubenov Ecology – salinity limit 12‰, lithophilous, ORDO ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA HALLER, 1890 potamophilous, rhithrophilous Familia Viviparidae J. E. Gray, 1847 Subfamilia Viviparinae J. E. Gray, 1847 2. Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Genus Viviparus Montfort, 1810 Theodoxus euxinus (Clessin) – WESTERLUND (1886), ANGELOV (2000a), HUBENOV (2005, 2007a) 5. Viviparus acerosus (Bourguignat, 1862) Neritina fluviatilis (L.) – HESSE (1913) Viviparus maritzanus Haas – HAAS (1911) Theodoxus fluviatilis (L.) – WAGNER (1927), PETRBOK Vivipara acerosa Bourguignat – WOHLBEREDT (1911) (1941, 1947), DRENSKI (1947), VALKANOV (1957), Vivipara maritzana Haas – HESSE (1913) URBAÑSKI (1960), ANGELOV et al. (1963), JAECKEL Viviparus acerosus (Bourguignat) – WAGNER (1927), (1967), FRANK et al. (1990), ANGELOV (2000a), DRENSKI (1947), RUSSEV (1979), FRANK et al. HUBENOV (2005, 2006a, 2007a, c) (1990), ANGELOV (1998, 2000a, b), HUBENOV Theodoxus fluviatilis transversetaeniatus Wagner – WAG- (2005, 2006a, 2007a), GEORGIEV (2012c) NER (1927) Viviparus acerosus maritzanus (Haas) – BÜTTNER Theodoxus fluviatilis var. purpurata Ziegler – PETRBOK (1928) (1941), VALKANOV (1957) Viviparus danubialis (Bourguignat) – PETRBOK (1941), Theodoxus prevostianus C. Pfeiffer – GROSSU (1956) RUSSEV (1979), FRANK et al. (1990), ANGELOV Nerita fluviatilis (L.) – LIUTZKANOV (1990) (2000a, b), HUBENOV (2005, 2007a) Catchment areas – 1, 2 Viviparus danubialis var. penchianti Bourguignat – Distribution in Bulgaria – D, SBE, B, PBS, 0–300 RUSSEV (1979) General distribution – European-Anatolian (?Euro- Viviparus danubialis var. rumaelicus Kobelt – RUSSEV pean), (1979) Ecology – salinity limit 5–7‰ (?18‰), lithophilous, Catchment areas – 1, 2, 3 potamophilous, stagnant waters Distribution in Bulgaria – D, SP, SBE, PT, RRW, PSP, 0–1500 3. Theodoxus pallasi Linholm, 1924 General distribution – South European (?Central and Theodoxus pallasi Lindholm – DRENSKI (1947), South European – introduced) KANEVA-ABADZHIEVA (1957), ANGELOV (2000a), Ecology – potamophilous, stagnant waters GENOV (2001), HUBENOV (2005, 2006a, 2007a, c, Conservation – IUCN-LC 2011a) Catchment area – 2 6. Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813) Distribution in Bulgaria – B, 0–100, Viviparus contectus (Millet) – DRENSKI (1947), JAECKEL General distribution – Ponto-Caspian, Caspian relict, (1967), RUSSEV (1979), FRANK et al. (1990), subfossil ANGELOV (1998, 2000a, b), HUBENOV (2005, Ecology – salinity limit 14‰ 2006a, 2007a)