DOCSLIB.ORG

Wildflower Farming on the Agulhas Plain – Fynbos Management and Conservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wildflower Farming on the Agulhas Plain – Fynbos Management and Conservation Wildflower farming on the Agulhas Plain – fynbos management and conservation by Martina Treurnicht Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science (Conservation Ecology) at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Karen J. Esler Co-supervisor: Dr. Mirijam Gaertner Faculty of AgriSciences Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology December 2010 Declaration By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Martina Treurnicht --------------------------- 04/10/2010 Copyright © 2010 University of Stellenbosch All rights reserved i Abstract The Agulhas Plain is a constituent of the Cape Floristic Region, internationally known as a global biodiversity hotspot. The species-rich Agulhas Plain consists mainly of fire-prone fynbos shrublands of which sandstone fynbos covers a significant surface area. This lowland region is characterised by mostly infertile soils yet has unique floristic complexity and contains a high amount of threatened lowland species. Natural vegetation on the Agulhas Plain has been prone to large scale land transformation activities, mainly attributed to the extent of alien plant invasions, urbanisation and agricultural expansion. Fynbos wildflower farming, specifically from natural vegetation, is an important economic activity and contributes to the region‟s agricultural sector. Farmers harvest large quantities of commercial fynbos species and supply these to the market in an attempt to sustain a livelihood. Certain wildflower farming practices (burning, ploughing and broadcast sowing) are applied to natural vegetation in an attempt to increase the abundance of commercial species (i.e. augmentation). Numerous farming practices are used in the industry and the application of these methods can be dynamic and divergent. Furthermore, the implementation of farming practices manifest as anthropogenically induced disturbance events and are a concern for conservation. Previous investigations suggest that farming practices could establish monocultures of commercial wildflower species by reducing species richness and plant diversity of wildflower vegetation. Although the impact of natural disturbance regimes (e.g. fire) and flower harvesting activities have been researched, the impact of farming practices on fynbos structure and composition remains largely unknown. This thesis reports on various aspects related to wildflower farming on the Agulhas Plain. Firstly, by administering a questionnaire, the extent and application of farming practices was investigated. Additionally, the opinion of wildflower farmers (referred to as landholders) about the impact of farming practices on wildflower populations was explored. Secondly, a vegetation survey aimed to assess the impact of farming practices on various structural (regeneration mode and growth form) and compositional attributes (plant family, dominant and rare species) of fynbos. Results from the questionnaire indicate that the application of farming methods are seasonally restricted, often used in varying combinations and relatively small in spatial extent. Furthermore, results show that wildflower farmers have an ecologically acceptable knowledge base and awareness of fynbos management and conservation. Secondly results, obtained from the vegetation survey, imply that natural vegetation subjected to particular farming practices differ from pristine fynbos vegetation by having both altered structural and compositional attributes. However, the impact of farming practices on rare species was less apparent. The conflict between commercial and conservation objectives are apparent from consultation with landholders. Nonetheless, landholders are optimistic about fynbos conservation and conservation can build upon these positive sentiments. Importantly, there is a need to communicate locally with landholders if a sustainable wildflower industry is a priority to stakeholders on the Agulhas Plain. Furthermore, fynbos ecosystems naturally entail complex ecological interactions. Wildflower farming practices reduce the ecological integrity (i.e. altered plant diversity, growth form and plant composition) of wildflower vegetation, at least at the local scale. These farming practices ultimately result both in distorted competitive interactions and disturbance regimes. Therefore, from a conservation perspective, the implementation of these farming practices (ploughing and broadcast sowing) should be cautioned against. ii Opsomming Die Agulhas-vlakte vorm deel van die Kaapse Blommeryk; „n gebied wat internasionale bekendheid verwerf het as „n biodiversiteits-brandpunt. Die spesieryke Agulhas-vlakte bestaan hoofsaaklik uit fynbosstruiklande wat geneig is tot veldbrande. Sandsteenfynbos beslaan „n beduidende oppervlak van die gebied (Agulhas-vlakte). Hierdie laagliggende area (Agulhas-vlakte) word meestal deur onvrugbare grondtipes gekenmerk maar beskik nogtans oor unieke fynbos kompleksiteit wat „n aantal bedreigde laagland spesies insluit. Natuurlike plantegroei op die Agulhas- vlakte is onderworpe aan grootskaalse grondgebruik transformasie; hoofsaaklik toe te skryf aan indringer plantegroei, verstedeliking en uitbreiding van landbou. Fynbos veldblomboerdery, spesifiek van natuurlike plantegroei, is „n belangrike ekonomiese aktiwiteit en lewer „n bydrae tot die Agulhas-vlakte se landbou sektor. Boere oes en lewer groot hoeveelhede kommersiële fynbos spesies aan die mark. Sekere veldblom-boerderypraktyke (brand, ploeg en saadstrooi) word ingespan op fynbosveld ten einde die opbrengs en afwisseling van kommersiële spesies te verhoog. „n Verskeidenheid boerderypraktyke word gevolg en die toepassing van hierdie boerderypraktyke is dinamies en uiteenlopend. Voorts manifesteer die implementering van hierdie boerderypraktyke as mensgemaakte versteurings wat kommerwekkend is vanuit „n bewaringsperspektief. Vorige ondersoeke dui moontlik daarop dat boerderypraktyke monokulture van kommersiële veldblomspesies kan vestig deur die veelheid van spesies en diversiteit van veldblomplantegroei te verminder. Ten spyte daarvan dat die impak van natuurlike versteuringsregimes (bv. vuur) en veldblompluk-aktiwiteite reeds nagevors is, bly die impak van veldblomboerderypraktyke op fynbosstruktuur en - samestelling grotendeels onbekend. Hierdie tesis doen verslag oor verskeie aspekte van veldblomboerdery op die Agulhas-vlakte. Eerstens, deur middel van „n vraelys, is die omvang en aanwending van verskillende boerderypraktyke nagevors. Verder is die menings van veldblomboere (na wie verwys word as grondeienaars) ondersoek met die klem op die impak van boerderypraktyke op veldblombevolkings. Tweedens, is „n plantegroei-opname met die doelwit om die impak van landboupraktyke op verskeie strukturele- (regenerasiemodus en groeivorm) en samestellende eienskappe (plantfamilie, dominante- en seldsame spesies) van fynbos vas te stel gedoen. Die resultate van die vraelys dui daarop dat die aanwending van boerderypraktyke seisoenaal beperk word, dikwels in wisselende kombinasies gebruik word en in ruimtelike omvang redelik klein is. Boonop toon die resultate dat veldblomboere oor „n ekologies-aanvaarbare kennisgrondslag en bewustheid van fynbosbestuur en –bewaring beskik. Tweedens, impliseer die resultate, vanuit die plantegroei-opname, dat fynbosveld wat onderwerp word aan sekere boerderypraktyke van natuurlike fynbosplantegroei verskil deurdat dit gewysigde strukturele- sowel as samestellende eienskappe toon. Die impak van die boerderypraktyke op seldsame spesies was egter minder waarneembaar. Die botsing tussen kommersiële- en bewaringsoogmerke blyk duidelik uit konsultasie met grondeienaars. Nietemin is die grondeienaars optimisties oor fynbosbewaring en bewaring kan op hierdie positiewe sentimente staatmaak en voortbou. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat dit noodsaaklik is om plaaslik met grondeienaars oorleg te pleeg indien „n volhoubare veldblomindustrie „n prioriteit vir belanghebbendes op die Agulhas-vlakte is. Verder, aangesien fynbos ekosisteme natuurlik komplekse ekologiese wisselwerkings behels, verminder veldblom- boerderypraktyke die ekologiese integriteit (m.a.w. gewysigde plantdiversiteit, groeivorm en plantsamestelling) van fynbosveld, ten minste op kleinskaal (plaaslik). Hierdie landboupraktyke het uiteindelik beide verwronge kompeterende wisselwerkinge asook versteuringsregimes tot gevolg. Vanuit „n bewaringsperspektief moet daar dus teen hierdie boerderypraktyke gewaarsku word. iii Dedication To my two lovely Oumas, Rita Leonhardt and Diedie Treurnicht. This is always how it is when I finish a poem. A great silence overcomes me, and I wonder why I ever thought to use language. Mevlana Rumi (1207-1273)1 1 With many thanks to Klara Mudge for sharing these words in a cabaret performance (Words, 2007) iv Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following people whose goodwill and expertise contributed significantly to the completion of this thesis: Karen Esler and Mirijam Gaertner who have been continually patient, supportive and whose expert guidance is much appreciated. The Gafney family (Nieuwepost) and the Van Dyk family (Nieuwedam) who were exceptionally kind to provide suitable study areas and, were both, friendly and welcoming throughout much of my field work. Sean Privett, Wilhelm Rabe, Roger Bailey, Edwina Marinus and the Compton Herbarium,, Anne
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Finding Fynbos of the Western Cape, Via Grootbos
    Finding Fynbos Of The Western Cape, Via Grootbos A Professional & Personal Journey To South Africa September 13th - 21st October 2018 By Victoria Ind !1 Table Of Contents 1………………………Itinerary 2………………………Introduction 3…………………….. Grootbos - My Volunteering - Green Futures Plant Nursery & Farms 4…………………….. Botanising - Grootbos Conservation Team - Hike With Sean Privett - Milkwood Forest - Self-Guided Botanising 5…………………….. Fernkloof Flower Festival 6……………………Garden Visits - Vergelegen - Lourensford - Stellenbosch - Dylan Lewis Sculpture Garden - Kirstenbosch - Green Point Diversity Garden - The Company’s Garden 7…………………… Conclusion 8…………………… Breakdown Of Expenses 9……………………. Appendix & Bibliography 10………………….. Acknowledgments !2 1: ITINERARY 13th-15th September 2018: Travel from Dublin Ireland to Cape Town. x2 nights in Cape Town. 15th September 2018: Collection from Cape Town by Grootbos Foundation, transport to Grootbos staff accommodation, Gansbaai. 16th September-15th October 2018: Volunteer work with Green Futures, a division of the Grootbos Foundation. Mainly based on the Grootbos Nature Reserve & surrounding areas of Gansbaai & Masakhane township. 20-23rd September 2018: Weekend spent in Hermanus, attend Fernkloof Flower Festival. 15th October 2018: Leave Grootbos, travel to Cape Town. 16th October 2018: Visit to Vergelegen 17th October 2018: Visit to Lourensford & Stellenbosch 18th October 2018: Visit to Dylan Lewis Sculpture Garden 19th October 2018: Visit to Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden 20th October 2018: Visit to Green Point Diversity Garden & Company Gardens 21st October 2018: Return to Dublin Ireland. Fig: (i) !3 2: INTRODUCTION When asked as a teenager what I wanted to do with my life I’d have told you I wanted to be outdoors and I wanted to travel. Unfortunately, as life is wont to do, I never quite managed the latter.
    [Show full text]
  • Sand Mine Near Robertson, Western Cape Province
    SAND MINE NEAR ROBERTSON, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE BOTANICAL STUDY AND ASSESSMENT Version: 1.0 Date: 06 April 2020 Authors: Gerhard Botha & Dr. Jan -Hendrik Keet PROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE SAND MINE AREA ON PORTION4 OF THE FARM ZANDBERG FONTEIN 97, SOUTH OF ROBERTSON, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE Report Title: Botanical Study and Assessment Authors: Mr. Gerhard Botha and Dr. Jan-Hendrik Keet Project Name: Proposed expansion of the sand mine area on Portion 4 of the far Zandberg Fontein 97 south of Robertson, Western Cape Province Status of report: Version 1.0 Date: 6th April 2020 Prepared for: Greenmined Environmental Postnet Suite 62, Private Bag X15 Somerset West 7129 Cell: 082 734 5113 Email: [email protected] Prepared by Nkurenkuru Ecology and Biodiversity 3 Jock Meiring Street Park West Bloemfontein 9301 Cell: 083 412 1705 Email: gabotha11@gmail com Suggested report citation Nkurenkuru Ecology and Biodiversity, 2020. Section 102 Application (Expansion of mining footprint) and Final Basic Assessment & Environmental Management Plan for the proposed expansion of the sand mine on Portion 4 of the Farm Zandberg Fontein 97, Western Cape Province. Botanical Study and Assessment Report. Unpublished report prepared by Nkurenkuru Ecology and Biodiversity for GreenMined Environmental. Version 1.0, 6 April 2020. Proposed expansion of the zandberg sand mine April 2020 botanical STUDY AND ASSESSMENT I. DECLARATION OF CONSULTANTS INDEPENDENCE » act/ed as the independent specialist in this application; » regard the information contained in this
    [Show full text]
  • Ornithophilous Flowers in South Africa
    Ornithophilous Flowers in South Africa. BY G. F. SCOTT-ELLIOT, M.A. Cantab., B.Sc. Edin. With Plate XV. ' I SHE Cinnyridae play a very ihiportant part in the fertil- -L isation of some of the Cape flowers. There has been very little published on this point *, and therefore the follow- ing observations on flowers belonging to some thirteen natural orders may be of interest, especially as probably more than a hundred species are largely fertilised by these birds. It is noticeable that the orders are perhaps as different as they possibly could be. MELIANTHUS MAJOR, L. (Figs. 1-3). The flowers are exceedingly conspicuous. The peduncle is four or five feet high, and thickly covered for the last eighteen inches by the dark reddish-purple flowers. The sepals are petaloid and very dissimilar; the superior pair (about an inch long), being slightly curled forwards, pro- tect the essential organs from rain2; the lateral sepals are somewhat shorter, and prevent access to the flower from the side; the lowest sepal3 is hollowed out into a short blunt 1 Dr. Trimen. Lecture delivered before the Cape of Good Hope Society. " They also overlap behind one another. 3 The flowers are reversed by the twisting of the pedicel. [ Annals of Botany, Vol. IV. No. XIV. May 1890. ] 266 Scott-Elliot.—Ornithophilous Flowers spur, which comes so far upwards in front that it meets the extremities of the petals. These latter are bent forwards at right angles to the flower axis and converge to a point just covered by the anterior border of the lowest sepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Assessment for the Establishment of the Wolseley Wind Farm, Western Cape Province
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE WOLSELEY WIND FARM, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FAUNA & FLORA SPECIALIST STUDY PRODUCED FOR ARCUS GIBB ON BEHALF OF SAGIT ENERGY VENTURES BY SIMON TODD [email protected] NOVEMBER 2012 FINAL DRAFT FOR REVIEW DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE I, Simon Todd as duly authorised representative of Simon Todd Consulting, hereby confirm my independence as well as that of Simon Todd Consulting as the ecological specialist for the Langhoogte/Wolseley Wind Farm and declare that neither I nor Simon Todd Consulting have any interest, be it business, financial, personal or other, in any proposed activity, application or appeal in respect of which Arcus GIBB was appointed as environmental assessment practitioner in terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998), other than fair remuneration for work performed in terms of the NEMA, the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2010 and any specific environmental management Act) for the Langhoogte/Wolseley Wind Farm I further declare that I am confident in the results of the studies undertaken and conclusions drawn as a result of it. I have disclosed, to the environmental assessment practitioner, in writing, any material information that have or may have the potential to influence the decision of the competent authority or the objectivity of any report, plan or document required in terms of the NEMA, the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2010 and any specific environmental management Act. I have further provided the environmental assessment practitioner with written access to all information at my disposal regarding the application, whether such information is favourable to the applicant or not.
    [Show full text]
  • CAPE TOWN Peoahablp Pioducls Export Control Board Raad V8n Twig Op D~Cuqhroer Van Brdedbare Produkle C I F 997.1
    f .J With compliments Met kompl imente CAPE TOWN Peoahablp Pioducls Export Control Board Raad v8n Twig op d~cUqhroer van Brdedbare Produkle c i f 997.1 DEPARTMENT OF AGRlCULfUFlE STD. NO. F-1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT STANDARDS ACT, 1990 (ACT No. 119 OF 19GO) STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS REGARDING CONTROL OF THE EXPORT OF FRESH CUT FLOWERS AND FRESH ORNAMENTAL FQLIAG€ The Executive Officer; Agricultural Product Standards has stipulated under secttcn 4(3)(a) (ii) of the Agricultural Product Standards Act, 3 990 (Act No, 17 9 of 19SO>,the52 standards regarding the quality of fresh cut flowers and ornamental foliage, and the requirements regarding the packing, marking and labelling thereof, ;,+*/ v * 23 - 1997-1 *' SPEClFlC STANDARDS AND. REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPE FLORA ue IllllLlUl IS 12. Where specifically used with regard to Cape Flora -- "Cape Flora" means the sexual reproductive and vegetative parts of all Ericaceae as well as Proteaceae and "fynbos'' (of which some of the genera consist of Bruniaceae, L eucadendron, L eucospermum, Mimetes, Protea, Serruria and relopea); "flower head" means a stem that is horisontally extended to form a disc which bear a number of flowers which house the sexual reproductive parts of plants; "immature flower budRmeans, in the case of Pmteaceae, a flower bud that has a hard point, shows no signs of opening. and therefore will not complete the full development process of opening of the flower head; "Mixed Cape Flora" and "Mix" means the contmts of a container consist of Cape bra of different species and/or cultivars; "N.L." (No Leaves) means that a protea flower stem is without leaves; and "S.F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plant Collection of the 6Th Earl of Coventry at Croome Park, Worcestershire
    margaret stone, ann hooper, pamela shaw and lesley tanner an eighteenth-century obsession – the plant collection of the 6th earl of coventry at croome park, worcestershire The parkland at Croome, Worcestershire, was the frst landscape designed by Lancelot Brown, employed by George William, 6th Earl of Coventry. The Earl amassed a vast, diverse plant collection, for which over six hundred bills have survived; they cover more than sixty years from 1747 to his death in 1809. Large numbers of plants were purchased at enormous cost and there were many frst introductions to Britain. By the end of the eighteenth century this was arguably the fnest private collection ever formed. This paper is a study of that collection. in 1751, george william, viscount Deerhurst, succeeded to the title of 6th earl of coventry; he was twenty-eight years old and had been managing the croome estate for three years (figure 1). he had demolished the early eighteenth-century formal gardens and now employed lancelot brown as clerk of works to remodel the seventeenth- century house. brown had worked at stowe, buckinghamshire, for ten years between 1740 and 1751, acquiring experience in supervising building work and remodelling the lake; he was by then thirty-fve years old. the exterior of croome court shows considerable similarity to william kent’s neo-palladian holkham hall, norfolk. the earl must have been deeply involved in the project; he kept his invoices carefully, often annotating them, and they have survived to the present (figure 2).1 clearly, he had a good working relationship with brown, who was soon appointed to develop the grounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Seeds to Improve Restoration of an Endangered Mediterranean Climate Vegetation Type
    Austral Ecology (2016) , – Heat and smoke pre-treatment of seeds to improve restoration of an endangered Mediterranean climate vegetation type STUART A. HALL,1* ROSEMARY J. NEWTON,2 PATRICIA M. HOLMES,3,4 MIRIJAM GAERTNER4,5 AND KAREN J. ESLER1,4 1Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa (Email: [email protected]), 2Conservation Science, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, RH17 6TN, United Kingdom, 3Biodiversity Management Branch, Department of Environmental Resource Management, City of Cape Town, South Africa, 4Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and 5City of Cape Town, Private Bag X26, Tokai, Cape Town, South Africa Abstract Invasive alien plants impact ecosystems, which often necessitates their removal. Where indigenous species recovery fails following removal alone, an active intervention involving reintroduction of seed of native species may be needed. This study investigated the potential for a combination of the fire cues of smoke and heat as a pre-treatment of seeds in breaking dormancy and facilitating increased germination. Species were selected to represent different functional types within Cape Flats Sand Fynbos; a fire-prone, critically endangered vegetation type in South Africa. Seeds were exposed to either a heat pulse (tempera- tures between 60 and 300°C for durations of between 30 s and 20 min) or dry after-ripening (1 or 2 months at milder temperatures of 45°C or less). Thereafter, seeds were soaked in smoke solution for 18 h and subsequently placed on agar at 10/20°C for germination.
    [Show full text]
  • Rife What Seeds Are to the Earth
    1'ou say you donJt 6efieve? Wfiat do you caffit when you sow a tiny seedandare convincedthat a pfant wiffgrow? - Elizabeth York- Contents Abstract . , .. vii Declaration .. ,,., , ,........... .. ix Acknowledgements ,, ,, , .. , x Publications from this Thesis ,, , ", .. ,., , xii Patents from this Thesis ,,,'' ,, .. ',. xii Conference Contributions ' xiii Related Publications .................................................... .. xiv List of Figures , xv List of Tables , ,,,. xviii List of Abbreviations ,,, ,, ,,, ,. xix 1 Introduction ,,,, 1 1.1 SMOKE AS A GERMINATION CUE .. ,,,, .. ,,,,, .. , .. , , . , 1 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES , '.. , , . 1 1.3 GENERAL OVERVIEW ,, " , .. , .. , 2 2 Literature Review ,",,,,", 4 2.1 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN SEED GERMINATION .. ,,,,.,,,,. ,4 2.1.1 Fire in mediterranean-type regions ', .. ,, , , 4 2,1.2 Post-fire regeneration. ,,,, .. , , . , , , , 5 2,1.3 Effects of fire on germination .,,, , , . 7 2,1,3.1 Physical effects of fire on germination .. ,," .. ,.,. 8 2.1,3.2 Chemical effects of fire on germination ., ,, .. ,., 11 2.2 GERMINATION RESPONSES TO SMOKE., , '" ., , 16 2.2.1 The discovery of smoke as a germination cue, ,,., .. , , .. ,, 16 2.2.2 Studies on South African species. ,.,, .. , ,,,,., 17 2.2,3 Studies on Australian species "",., ,"," ".,." 20 2.2.4 StUdies on species from other regions. , ,,.,, 22 2.2.5 Responses of vegetable seeds ., .. ' .. , ,', , , 23 2.2.6 Responses of weed species .. ,,,.,, 24 2.2.7 General comments and considerations ., .. ,,, .. , .. ,,, 25 2.2.7.1 Concentration effects .. ,", ,., 25 2.2.7.2 Experimental considerations ,,,,,,, 26 2.2,7.3 Physiological and environmental effects ,,, .. ,, 27 2.2.8 The interaction of smoke and heat, ,, ,,,,,,, 29 \ 2.3 SOURCES OF SMOKE ., , .. , .. ,, .. ,., .. ,, 35 2.3,1 Chemical components of smoke ,, .. " ,, 35 iii Contents 2.3.2 Methods of smoke treatments 36 2.3.2.1 Aerosol smoke and smoked media .
    [Show full text]
  • Kirstenbosch NBG List of Plants That Provide Food for Honey Bees
    Indigenous South African Plants that Provide Food for Honey Bees Honey bees feed on nectar (carbohydrates) and pollen (protein) from a wide variety of flowering plants. While the honey bee forages for nectar and pollen, it transfers pollen from one flower to another, providing the service of pollination, which allows the plant to reproduce. However, bees don’t pollinate all flowers that they visit. This list is based on observations of bees visiting flowers in Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, and on a variety of references, in particular the following: Plant of the Week articles on www.PlantZAfrica.com Johannsmeier, M.F. 2005. Beeplants of the South-Western Cape, Nectar and pollen sources of honeybees (revised and expanded). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 17. Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa This list is primarily Western Cape, but does have application elsewhere. When planting, check with a local nursery for subspecies or varieties that occur locally to prevent inappropriate hybridisations with natural veld species in your vicinity. Annuals Gazania spp. Scabiosa columbaria Arctotis fastuosa Geranium drakensbergensis Scabiosa drakensbergensis Arctotis hirsuta Geranium incanum Scabiosa incisa Arctotis venusta Geranium multisectum Selago corymbosa Carpanthea pomeridiana Geranium sanguineum Selago canescens Ceratotheca triloba (& Helichrysum argyrophyllum Selago villicaulis ‘Purple Turtle’ carpenter bees) Helichrysum cymosum Senecio glastifolius Dimorphotheca
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Town's Unique Biodiversity
    * Supplementary document to a series of 8 biodiversity fact sheets * Important taxa of the six endemic vegetation types 1. Cape Flats Sand Fynbos Tall Shrubs: Metalasia densa, Morella cordifolia, M. serrata, Passerina corymbosa, Protea burchellii, P. repens, Psoralea pinnata, Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus, Rhus lucida, Wiborgia obcordata. Low Shrubs: Diastella proteoides, Diosma hirsuta, Erica lasciva, E. muscosa, Phylica cephalantha, Senecio halimifolius, Serruria glomerata, Stoebe plumosa, Anthospermum aethiopicum, Aspalathus callosa, A. hispida, A. quinquefolia subsp. quinquefolia, A. sericea, A. spinosa subsp. spinosa, A. ternata, Berzelia abrotanoides, Chrysanthemoides incana, Cliffortia eriocephalina, C. juniperina, C. polygonifolia, Erica articularis, E. axillaris, E. capitata, E. corifolia, E. ferrea, E. imbricata, E. mammosa, E. plumosa, E. pulchella, Eriocephalus africanus var. africanus, Galenia africana, Gnidia spicata, Helichrysum cymosum, Leucadendron floridum, L. salignum, Leucospermum hypophyllocarpodendron subsp. canaliculatum, Metalasia adunca, M. pulchella, Morella quercifolia, Passerina ericoides, Pharnaceum lanatum, Phylica parviflora, Plecostachys polifolia, P. serpyllifolia, Polpoda capensis, Protea scolymocephala, Serruria fasciflora, S. trilopha, Staavia radiata, Stilbe albiflora, Stoebe cinerea, Syncarpha vestita, Trichocephalus stipularis. Succulent Shrub: Crassula flava. Herbs: Berkheya rigida, Conyza pinnatifida, Edmondia sesamoides, Helichrysum tinctum, Indigofera procumbens, Knowltonia vesicatoria. Geophytic
    [Show full text]
  • Tome 53 – 2000
    ISSN 0037-9034 BULLETIN de la SOCIETE de BOTANIQUE du NORD de la FRANCE Vol. 53 (2000) fascicule 1 SOMMAIRE (Contents) SZYMUSIAK, D. - La médaille des Arts et des Lettres à Lucien DURIN, un homme d'excep­ tion (The "des Arts et des Lettres11 medal to Lucien DURIN)......................................... 1-2. SPAS, J.M. - Un grand naturaliste de chez nous : Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (A great naturalist of our regiôn; Jean-Baptiste Lamarck) ................................................................................. 3-7. MATYSÎAK, J.P. - Taraxacum 99 : premières approches (Taraxacum 99: first approaches) .............................................................................................................................................9-36. SOCIETE OE BOTANIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE Fondée en 1947 Siège et Bibliothèque : Centre de Phytosociologie Hameau de Haendries - F-59270 BAILLEUL. La bibliothèque est ouverte tous les jours, sauf le dimanche, de 9h à 19h. En arrivant, se présenter à la documentaliste. La lec­ ture des ouvrages se fait sur place. Il n'y a aucun envoi, ni prêt à l’extérieur. La sortie des ouvrages en salle de lecture, après consultation du fichier, se fait sur demande à la documen­ taliste, tous les jours de 9h 30 à lOh 30 et de 14h à 15h. Secrétariat : Centre de Phytosociologie Hameau de Haendries - 59270 BAILLEUL Trésorerie : J . P. GAVERIAUX 14, les Hirsons 62800 LIEVXN Bureau - Président B. de FOUCAULT - Vice-Présidents F. DUHAMEL & F. DUPONT - Secrétaire général F. HENDOUX - Secrétaire adjoint F.-O. DENAYHR - Trésorier J.P. GAVERIAUX - Trésorier-adjoint P. LAUNE Autres membres du Conseil d 'Administration Membres élus : V. BOULLET, J.C. BRUNEEL, M.C. FABRE, P. GIBON, V. LEVIVE, J.P. MATYSIAK, D. PETIT, J.M. SPAS Membre de droit : J.M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Vegetation Map for the Little Karoo. Unpublished Maps and Report for a SKEP Project Supported by CEPF Grant No 1064410304
    A VEGETATION MAP FOR THE LITTLE KAROO. A project supported by: Project team: Jan Vlok, Regalis Environmental Services, P.O. Box 1512, Oudtshoorn, 6620. Richard Cowling, University of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000. Trevor Wolf, P.O. Box 2779, Knysna, 6570. Date of Report: March 2005. Suggested reference to maps and this report: Vlok, J.H.J., Cowling, R.M. & Wolf, T., 2005. A vegetation map for the Little Karoo. Unpublished maps and report for a SKEP project supported by CEPF grant no 1064410304. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Stakeholders in the southern karoo region of the SKEP project identified the need for a more detailed vegetation map of the Little Karoo region. CEPF funded the project team to map the vegetation of the Little Karoo region (ca. 20 000 km ²) at a scale of 1:50 000. The main outputs required were to classify, map and describe the vegetation in such a way that end-users could use the digital maps at four different tiers. Results of this study were also to be presented to stakeholders in the region to solicit their opinion about the dissemination of the products of this project and to suggest how this project should be developed further. In this document we explain how a six-tier vegetation classification system was developed, tested and improved in the field and the vegetation was mapped. Some A3-sized examples of the vegetation maps are provided, with the full datasets available in digital (ARCVIEW) format. A total of 56 habitat types, that comprises 369 vegetation units, were identified and mapped in the Little Karoo region.
    [Show full text]