, ¦«¦ ¦ ¦¦ «™wt.^ir^ r^«,h:.u^i »Hii m a i y^3J A ' ' " "—ry. —^y — --¦ " v^Fj -*—* » .' J * >*¦»——w— ^—

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u greater distinctness 13 the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour The one Idea which History exhihits a9 evermore developing itself into Religion down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views; and hy setting aside the distinctions or to throw of our spiritual Country, and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , haviftg one great object—the free development nature."—Humboldt' s Cosmos. Crmtmts. PAGE Overcrowded Steamboats 678 How to Elect Guardians to your j LITERATURE— NEWS OF THE WEEK- 685 The Danger of Bathing 679 Mind , 683 Quizot an Shatapeare Theory of Popu- The General Election ... 670 Miscellaneous 679 Anti-Maynooth and its Teachi:Teachingshings... .. 683 Herbert SpeaoWa ; && The Koyal Agricultural SSociety . 674 Health of London during the The " Standard";d" * caught 1EavesEaves- lation 688 Death of Henry Clay 674, Week 679 dropping 683 Books on our Tabid Letters»tters from Parisrans 674OT-i BBirthBirthB, Marriages, and Deaths 679 Worn-out Words inm Political Con-Con PORTFOLIO Continentalmtinental Notes 675 troversy 683 Kulosophy 688 POSTSCRru aw IrlPT 680 tJT*™? Comte's Positive Indiat dia and Burmah 676 " " DishonDishonestest DDizzy^-i zzy 684 The Discipline of Art &» 676 The Show of Co-operative^operative League 676 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— "Th" e Show of Hats" 684 Passages from a Boy's Epic 1 690 A WildWild Clergyman 677 ThThee MinistryMini3trv DefyDefviingner the PPeoDleeople ... 681 The Value of the Franchise .... 684 arts— 677 A Moormonrmon MiraclMiraclee 677 PPalmerstonalmerston and the Future 681 VViV ivi ann inVthtne Bnmnumpa «»0 Thete Sanitary Association versus the Our MModernodern FeudFeudalal SySystemstem 682 OPEN COUNCIL— ERCIAL AFFAIRS Water MonopolistsMonopolists 677 ItItalianalian Martyrdom and EngEnglishlish COMM cni*»n2 684 aiarkfete , Advertisements, &c.... 691-OB* Dreadfulreadful Bailway Accident 678 Apathy 682 ThThee LLeadereader and the ChurchChurch

VOL. III. No. 121.] SATUKDAY, JULY 17, 1852. [Price Sixpemoe.

word. ProtecCion, aud seek a substitute for the to keep watch upon the bribers. This energy 3to nf tk Wttk advantages of prohibitory duties in a transfer of has won victory ; and Norwich, in one of whose fiscal burdens from . one class to another ; and streets so much as 4000/. has been spent at pre- While the Ministerialists are counting tbeir there is the newest school, who, with Sir vious elections, has now freel y returned the men , gains as they are pleased to efett them, the jnriAc Thomas Dyke Acland, and Lord Hugh Chol- of her own choice.—Peto, the liberal dissenter ht at large is chieflj interested hx^t flfct thit O*- mOndeley, dfcdfcre point blank that if a mea- whose munificence we admire, though we mig ford University has not dk-a^' .sure to m^WMfce Corn-law were proposed they not agree with all his views on industrial subjects, j^^Jii*^ Radical. iug Mr. Gfcufotone, and tbtt SfeM^^fMh-ft-* tM*MttwUbwUbitMpfeMp|t ^^44|iflpftf0Mri(p' Jtit-£t''- Lord Stanley, son of the and Warner a thoroughgoing ' Board is struggling into existence, deemed itself by once more • ^l^iMk^K&l^ik}''fllIfamfcHliPfe•J'S^fwSpf^i'*Wt"* *"ftbe» subject is at rest, and While Parliament 3 over Disraeli, Booker, Oxford, indeed, hm pfa*& &-lA^VfE ** '^^.fdilni^/^NMidenrvtof the of Trade, says rejecting Pusey, haggling the head of the poH> pr«JfcW**%to be jrepresented that no man intends to propose a renewal of the or Acland, or Cohden, or Pelsant Daws^ft, api- by the member for Exeter Ball, than by the truly Corn-laws; hut the members whom we have just culture is struggling into sense, hy h«lp irf Us refined and independent statesman and scholar ; mentioned say that the question shall not be dis- associations, lie Exhibition«f the Jfayal Agri- and a Ministerial morning paper, while deploring turbed, and that they will resist the reimposition. cultural Society «fc Xewe«» is * proof that the the short-lived triumph of Tractarianism and hero- Observe, Booker, Kelly and others are for restor- farmers are seeking in. earnest to place themselves worship, through a not unnatural alliance of gra- ing Protection ; Disraeli and others are for con- above artificial support. We observe that the duates in superstition and scepticism, the disciples verting it into transfer of burdens or compensa- show of machinery is extensive ; and that every of Pusey and admirers of Carlyie, enters into very tion ; Acland aud others would resist the restora- year adds to the demand for it among agricultu- elaborate calculations to show that Dr. Bullock tion. Without presuming that these several sec- rists. This is a cheering sign. As farmers be- Marshain would have been returned if two hun- tions of the minority would often vote against come able to pay rent by skilful enterprise, they dred persons who intended to be in Oxford had each other, their very existence indicates divided will become less and less the slaves of the rent- actually gone, if fifty promised votes had been re- councils, even in a minority. exacting classes. Thus a double victory will be corded , and so forth ; meanwhile says the con- The Protectionist party professes to make its gained—moral and monetary independence. soled Herald, " despite the heat, the expense, and boldest move in proposing as candidate for the The sum of this week's French news is antici- the necessity of taking part in other elections else- West Riding, against Cobden, that Mr. George pated by our last resume of the political situation where, 750 sons of Alma Mater, manly and true, Pelsant Dawson, of , Osgodby-hall, whom we have in that country. The dangers and difficulties of recorded , in person, their solemn condemnation more than once mentioned as having introduced Louis Napoleon are spreading like a cloud. The of Mr. (Gladstone's heresies !" the idea of spontaneous association amongst agri- most salient fact is the almost universal strike of I5y a parity of reasoning the distinguished jour- culturists to promote their interests ; an idea per*- the working-classes throughout the country ; a nal asserts, in a breath, that " rapidly is the oppo- fectly in accordance with the progress of opinion. proof of wide-spread and deep-rootexl discontent, sition phalanx diminishing iu its numbers ;" but We have always regarded that idea as reconciling formidably organized. The army wavers, and still thut " every seat now gained becomes of the the conflicting interests, hitherto imperfectly re- even the peasants stone the adventurer, St. Ar- utmost importance ; it is the prelude of certain presented by the one-sided dogmas called Pro- naud, when they recognise him. Literature, victory ; moreover it gives the only chance of a tection and Free-trade. If Mr. Dawson were re- driven from the press, and oratory from the tri- firm and stable Government." This rapid accumu- turned to parliament, it would be some compen- bune, take refuge in pamphlets and brochures, lation of Parliamentary wealth, which is so sation for the ejection of Philip Pusey by the and by simply adapting Tacitus (after the manner imxious about its individual pence, this " certain" electors of Berkshire, because he told them that of English dramatic authors), hurl deadly shafts " chance" materially diminishes when we scrutinize henceforth they must rely not on Protection, but at the reigning imposture. the nature of the Ministerial progress. on a sound system of agriculture. Let those who hail the re-establishment of good It ia true that here and there a constituency We have to note also the gain of more than relations between olficial English Tory ism and has transferred its votes to a Ministerialist, but one truly popular member. Mr. Edward Miall, Austrian absolutism ponder well the amenities oi the gams are far from sufficient to encourage a the editor of the Nonconformist, a dissenter, with Austrian rule in Loin hardy. But from the nettle hope that they will do more than diminish the views far more enlarged than those usually found of Calamity, we pluck the flower, Hope. Italy is ^position majority, leaving it still u majority . among nonconformists, is returned for Rochdale ; neither dead nor sleeping. A people that can so II( r otd calculates .J *' that the opposition will be and Newcastle-upon-Tyne has vindicated its high suffer and so persist, has a future beyond the * , < 1>U< ^" '' thc m'w fot)tiu « °" which many character for intelligence and political vi gour, hy reach of despotism ami diplomacy. With the light Ministerialist*m m>w stand, foreshadows division electing Mr. Blaekett, a man hearty and able in and warmth of her genius, Ital y fills the world. tvei. m t(1(. Ministerial minority. The diversity the people's cause. With the example of her heroic endurance , she °1 view has been rendered more marked. There Amongst other pleasing traits of the elections, will rekindle the torch of freedom , a beacon to the w the old sehoo] who, with Mr. Ilerries, at Stain- we note the energy with which the people oi Nor- nations oppressed. Lord Palmerston't. latest lord, and Mr. Hooker, at Hereford, are for return- wich have rescued themselves from long standing on the Italian question , were only too well ing to Protection words, in the full sense of the word. habits of bribery, carrying th«ir zeal so far as to timed ; hut what of Lord Malmesbury's profes- hero n, the Disraeli school , who generalise the place committees in the streets during the night sions, and what of his alliance s ? [Co untry Edition.] Death has removed Henry Clay just as the policy, and to conljj der ^hfti rftcoiilpense you can find in betrajfed a totll igfBOWttice of the wants of the j that it ao* other measures." (Hear.) Gentlemen, that was the advice wpidd ultimately be opposed by those who * American Republic seems to be entering a new obli V I presumed to gitft, and it is a Question most interesting gatwt ftfi well as those who had given it as a concessit sera of its history. The most illustrious American to the numeroui and most assembled here but I had to view the question influential body , not in the light of mVB ' of his own day, he was never President; It may in to-day. I sa/-"-What is the reason the English producer, sonal feeling and I thought it necessary to support «f* the English occupier of land, cannot compete with the motion for inquiry of Mr. Spooner ; for thi some sort be said that he was too good for the s was an aee " foreign producer or occupier of land ? (Loud Cries bf which Boinan Catholics themselves should not oppose h!* post ; he took too high a standard for " Hear, hear.") I have always said and I don't know- quifry. (Hear.) But the Government the present , were pressed t concurrence of his countrj 'men. But his influence that I have ever heard any argument of an intelligent institute a Kryal commission of inquiry* Gentlemen ° opponent which I reall way con- royal commission has * has been felt y could iefer to sds in any not the power of*cbmpelling th , and will long be felt. elusive against it — I have always said, the reason is— attendance of witnesses, and its proceedings 6 would beliabl6 The American mail .brings reports of a contem- " that the English producer is under a system of taxation to all kinizts of misrepresentation ; but, however indecorou —(loud cheers)—a system which is iu general applied to may be the proceedings of a House of plated revolution in Mexico, by Arista, under Commons th6 himself—which is in particular applied to the class to country, at least, has confidence in such a tribunal, bein sanction of the United States, We suspect that which he helongs—entailing upon him burdens which do composed of men of all parties. But, gentlemen, there if the report, specifically, is an idle rumour, origi- not allow him to run the race on equal terms with the another point connected with the religious feeling of thp nating in a fact which is known, that there exists others." (Loud cheers.) That is what I said. And, gen- country, upon which I must crave your attention a little tlemen, I have also said that the Protectionist system was We thought it our duty to advise Her Majesty to in Mexico a very numerous party issue a in favour of not to be justified unless you can show these circumstances royal proclamation, with the intention of preserving the " annexation," which will most likely accomplish exist. (Hear, hear.) And I still believe these circum- peace of society. But in doing this every species of mis- its object sooner or later. stances do exist in this country, however much they may representation has been circulated ; and I confess that in he modified, and that the principle of Protection is sound this free country I do not object to unrestricted criticism • The drama of " accidents," as men call offences —that in a society which is artificial, in which there exists but, gentlemen, we have been told that this proclamation against the laws of prudence and foresight, is a financial system so complicated as our own, it was much was issued to influence the elections. I have seen that rather appalling this week. better to adhere to compensating arrangements for the statement made byratber high authority upon the hustings. To relate them protection of the cultivators of the soil' than that you All I could wish were, they should make such statem briefl y. ents Mormons assemble at Newport, to partake should madly leave him an unequal competitor with the in the House of Commons, so that it might be brought to of tea, and witness a miracle. As the Welsh are foreigner. (Cheers.) .And this principle, I say, is at all the test before that great tribunal whether such sordid times to he modified according to existing circumstances. means ever influenced the Government. credulous, and the apostles of Joe Smith men who Gentlemen, in But, gentlemen, the Protective principle was not only a the course we took we were only influenced by a great im- stick at nothing in the matter of words and pro- sound one, but it waa a principle to the advantage of the perial necessity. The matter was laid before the Privy mises, there was a goodly company. Suddenl country, and the only principle upon which our present Council, and in a manner which could not be mistaken y, system of finance could be vindicated. You could not and with evidence supported by most hi ' one-half of the ceiling gh authority-- falls in, and crockery, vindicate a system that rested individually and mainly evidence which we took care to examine before we pro- Mormons, and their saints, are covered up in the upon the cultivators of the soil unless in its operation it ceeded to act—evidence that, in certain districts of England, gave some compensatory relief to those whom it p xuins. The saints, it is said, were unhurt ; and laced in consequence of numerous processions which the Roman under particular restrictions. Well, I say, gentlemen, if Catholic priesthood had instituted, consequences would they boast of having performed a miracle by bring- the country has chosen to abrogate that system, and if the result, in more than thirty places at least, which would ing down the lath and plaster without injury to majority of the people of this country are of opinion it endanger the life of many of her Majesty's subjects. What the true believers. would be unwise to recur to it, I say we must seek by was our duty under these circumstances ? Why, gentle- Whatever has become of the other means (cheers), and in another direction (repeated men, the moment had come for us to interfere. We could age of chivalry, the" age of credulity is not yet cheers), to place the cultivators of the soil in a fair and not hesitate. We recommended that Her Majest y Bhould past. just position. (Loud cheers.) Now, gentlemen, that is issue that proclamation which has received the approba- all I have ever said. It is what I am perfectly ready to tion of the kingdom. I am told that the riots at Stockport The next accident is physically, as well as mo- maintain. I said it in Opposition- as your member ; and were caused by tbat proclamation. Why, if the proclama- rally, tragic. An excursion train, filled with I say now, as a Minister of the Crown, I am perfectly tion had not been issued, the same disorder would have happy artisans, accompanied by their wives and prepared to advise her Majesty to carry it out. (Great taken place in fifty parts of the kingdom. (Cheers.) cheering.) Gentlemen, instead of this measure tending to excite the children, set out from Burnley, for the sea coast, He defended himself from the objection that his policy Roman Catholic population it was the providential cause on Monday. They had seen the sea, and returned was limited to burdens On land. He had not told them of maintaining peace and of saving the country from that an to Burnley, when the engine was detached adjustment of particular burdens entailed by local bloodshed. And our precautions, gentlemen, were so great, , and taxation would afford sufficien t redress. He said, l$o. that we previously interfered with the Orange processions went on one line, while the carriages went on "It is in reviewing—it is in adjusting—the whole system which were understood to come off in Ireland. Tbis was another. But the pointsman neglected to set of national taxation ; it is in placing this system upon a the course we took, gentlemen, instead of being guided by those sordid and selfish motives which are the tactics of them straight for the main line, and they ran into just basis that the producer will find that justice which the consumer—which every fair and upright man—could party. the station, rushing up against a stone wall. The wash him to secure. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, the old ques- H^e was quite certain that Lord Derby would have an two foremost carriages were crushed, and four tion was simply this :—You said it required a system of absolute majority in the next Parliament. Then he made legislation which would secure to you an artificial price. the following peroration, expressing sentiments which, persons killed, and twenty or thirty dreadfully You were always taught to believe that in raising prices coupled with the insolence of Mr. Beresford at Braintree, wounded. you would find redress ; and, in my opinion, it would have show the people what they may expect from Lord Derby. " No one can be blind to the fact that the O Change the scene to the river. A shallop was been very wise not materially to have destroyed tho old pposition system. (Hoar.) But there is another view of tho case— will create its organization upon revolutionary principles. proceeding from Greenwich, laden with poor folk another view or your position—another means by which (Hear, hear.) Happy was the prescience of Lord Derby of both sexes. Near Blackfriars-bridge a steamer you may obtain redress—and a means more practical when he told the Whig Opposition that the pear was not than recurring to tho past—which is beset ripo last year. (Laughter.) The Whigs were in ofiice. came up with, ran into, and overset them. with infinite Two difficulties. It is not to increase prices in order that you may They bave shown us their character, and their policy has women and one man were drowned. have a fair remuneration for your toil ; but it is, gentlemen, boon received with universal scouting by the country ; Mr. Alderman Wilson has brought before the to reduce the cost of production. (Immense cheering.) Now and they cannot, gentlemen, attain to popularity again, that is tho sound advice which the agricultural interest excep t by calling to their councils tho Jacobin Clubs of Court of Aldermen some bye-laws to prevent the must act upon. (Itear, hear.) You are told that it is ono Lancashire. (Loud laughter.) But I feel , gentlemen, over crowding of steam-boats, by no means too of the necessities for tho prosperous condition of England that the present Government is necessary for the preserva- tion soon. Other regulations are very m uch required. that tho bread of the people should be cheap. Well, I say, of tho English constitution ; but tho future institution t ake care that the producer of that broad shall bo able to of tho Opposition already peeps from its shell and developes produce it as cheap us possible. (Loud cheers.) Now, its horns, and from that shell tho Opposition cannot emerge Tin gentlemen, you will find, if you adopt that view of except enveloped in the shrino of sedition. (Continued GENE RAL ELECTION. the case, that you, who are occupiers of tho soil, will more laughter.) A change in tho institutions of tho country gradually got tho feeling of tho country in your favour, will bo tho condition of its success ; and you must indeed I-. ISKAJi.LI " AT Tr OMK." and at tho samo lime more perfectly secure compensation bo false to all your professions—false to that high spirit for yourselves. It is, as I havo said which Englishmen havo ever shown—false tra- Newvoht I'AUNii t.h is , in reviewing tho to tho a smalltown in IJucfciiigluunshiro, system of taxation which exists, and in tho adjustment of ditionary association of your country, ii you suffer tin which will be famous in history ;is the scene of Mr. Dis- that system, that the cultivators of tho soil will find that Opposition, founded upon such principles, to govern this raeli's great after-dinner speeches. There is, in that compensation which tliey have a right to expect from the nation. (Cheers.) Well, then, gentlemen, when wo meet little town, a tavern, called the Anchor, whereat, not- abrogation of that law which gave thorn artificial prices (ap- in the County Hall on Eriday, 1 want to know if you will feebly withstanding their awful distress, the worthy fanners plause) ; and I sny , in accordance with tho spirit of tho ago support tho principles and practices which I havo so and with tho temper of tho country, lot your produce now detailed P ( Loud cries of " Yea, yes.") Will you bo pre- oI" Uncles are wont to " dine sumptuously" not " every bo raised upon the cheapest possible principle. (Applause.) pared to say " We shall havo justice done to tiio soil (" Yes, day/' certainly, but very often. liens ut the jovial But, then, it follows you must not allow your native pro- yes"); wo shall havo our legislation conceived in tho spirit board, laden with rich wines, and gleaming with glass, duce to bo shackled by laws which hinder the producer of the age (" Yes, yes"), which is the spirit of justice." which .lRobert Peel's great party of 1841, now talked of cheap bread for Lennard 351 prospects of the contest, and profess to regret they did Dick the people, and for old women cheap tea. (Cheers and 330 not bring forward a Protectionist candidate to displace laughter.) He (Mr. Adderley) hoped that the country Monmouthshire.—Captain Somerset, a Derbyite, Mr. Hareourt. would properly distinguish between a man of that kind, fighting at the Cape; and Mr. O. Morgan, another Oxford University.—Afte r a contest of three and one who constantly adhered to his principles. (Hear, Derbyite, unopposed. days, Mr. Gladstone has been triumphantly elected ; hear.) As for the policy of Lord Derby, it was the same as it had ever been ; it had never changed, and never Newark.—Here both gentlemen are anti-Derbyitcs ; Sir Robert Inglis heads the poll, and Dr. Marsham bnt what else it is not easy to say. would be changed, whether that party was in or out of was upwards of three hundred below Mr. Gladstone. ofiice; the very policy which Lord Derby in power carried Vernon 545 Pembrokeshire.—Viscount Emlyn, Liberal Con- out was the same which he (Mr. Adderley) proclaimed at Sutton 479 servative, returned unopposed. Burton more than twelve months since, when Lord Derby Turner 362 Radnorshire.—Sir John Walsh, Derbyite, un- was in opposition to tho late Administration. (Hear.) When Sir Robert Peel accepted office , in 1841, he found Norfolk (East).—Mr. Burroughes and Mr. Wode- opposed. house, both confiding a bankrupt exchequer, the result of the misgovemment of Derbyites, have been returned Rutland.—Sir Gilbert Heathcote and Mr. Noel re- the nation by the Whigs. That distinguished man suc- unopposed. turned. Roth thorough Protectionists. ceeded in retrieving the exchequer. By lopping and Northamptonshire (North). — Mr. Augustus St. Ives.—Captain Lafl'an, Free-trade Conservative, pruning tho revenue, and revising the system of taxation, Stafford and Mi-. Maunsell, Derbyites, carried the show has gained the day. he made it shoot out with more vigour, and they (the fol- owers o ord erby) were the men who carried out the of hands on Wednesday at Kettering. One of the Laffan 256 l f L D everlasting Fitzwilliam financial measure of 1842. To them belonged the credit family were proposed without Paull (Derbyite) 218 of thoso measures. (Cheers.) Sir Robert Peel changed his consent, " as a high tribute to his family," by a Barnes (Liberal) 18 the policy of 1842 in 1846, by the introduction of a system Peterborough gentleman ; and they are actually goino- SaIiTSbtjry.—The late members, both anti-Der- —reckless, heedless, and uncompensated for in any way. to a poll next week. by itcs, are returned. The poll closed at four o'clock (Hear.) Tho Government of Lord John Russell extended the system introduced in 1846 still fur ther by tho repeal of Northamptonshire (South).—Mr. R. K nighfley, on Saturday, when the numbers stood as follows :— son of the famous Sir the navigation laws and other measures, the effect of which Charles, und Captain Vyse, con- Chaplin 381 had been most disastrous, there being nothing like reci- fiding Derby ites, were elected hy show of hands ; but Wall 331 procity on the part of foreign nations." a iioll was demanded on behalf of Mr. Houghton, the Slade 173 Mr. Adderley was hissed si good deal when he an- Free-trade tenant farmer. Burr 131 nounced that he. was a follower of Lord Derby— Nottinghamshire (South). —Mr. Barrow and Lord The first-named gentlemen were then declared dul) " I sec (said the hon. gentleman) that there are somo Newark returned unopposed. The latter a " confid- elected ; after which a speech from eaeh successful can- hero who prefer Lord John Russell, a man who promises ing," the former an independent Derbyite. didate concluded the proceedings. much and perforins little. Those who like Lord Derby Oxfoudsuiuk.—The three lute members, Mr. I lar- SiiRoi'HiiiRE (North).—Mr. Ormsby Gore and Mr like a man who performs what he promises, who is tho eourt, Mr. Henley, and Lord Norreys, each voted Dod elected. Thorough Protectionists. leader of the band that supports the old Conservative po- against the repeal of the corn laws in licy ; and I hope he will carry it out successfully. (Hoar, 1 840 ; but iu SiiitocRMiKK (South).-—Mr. Clive and Lord New- hear.) Ho is not like Lord John Russell who brings 1850, Lord , for- Norreys voted against any return to pro- port, confiding Derby ites, unopposed. ward little measures, like the little Reform Bill, to sup- t ection , whereupon ihe Proicctionists set to work , and Somi:i.ki5T (Fast).—A third candidate has appeared port his falling Adm inistration. Lord Derby will not got up sin opposition candidate in ihe person of Colonel on the Liberal-Conservative interest, in the person of truckle to the Pope one day and kick him tho next, but ho North, one of the most unpopular men in ihe count y. Mr. Arthur Elton, the eldest son of Sir Charles Elton , w ill maintain consistentl y tho policy of tho Conservative party, (( 'beers.) He will do that in oflico which will The nomination took place on Monday, in the County of Clevedon Court, the gifted poet and elegant scholar. Hall , which wa.s crammed with bes t conduce to the support and the maintenance of tho working men. It, was West Somerset is wholly abandoned to bigoted and peace, the welfare, and the prosperity of tho empire." a. curious scene, or rat her small drama. Sir Henry hopeless Protectionists, and the eastern division risks (Cheers.) Willoi^Jhby, M.I\ , professing u kind of mystic doctrine the same fate from the shameless tyranny of land- Sta i'I'Ohokiiikk (South).--This election terminated abou t protection, proposed Mr. Hareourt ; and Dr. lordism , and the apathy or i gnorance of the electors. in the unopposed return of General Anson anil Lord Philliniore, a warm Free-trader, .seconded the nomina- Mr. William Miles, of Leigh Court, the eldest repre- Levv i .sbam. They are both Free-traders, but Lord tion. Then eame Mr. Vincent , a Tory Free trader, sentati ve of the hi ghly respectable family of Bristol Lewishuin professes to be an independent Derb y ite. n ull proposed Lord Norreys, without, the consent ol merchants, who have now for some years been country S'J'A m koui).—The Murquisof Exeter returned his two that gentleman ; nnd Mr. John Tnwle, an old Leaguer gentlemen nnd landowners, is personally very popular Derby ite nominees, Mr. llerries and Sir Frederick und Radica l , seconded his nomination. To add to tin with all classes, and the idol ot the farmers, whose, pre- Tl ledger, on Saturday. Of course the form of a po- con fusion , t he seconder of Mr. Henley said be believed judices he espouses, whose delusions he encourages, and pular election was gone through , and speeches made, that " the youngest man present would not live to see whose good and sterling qualities he very pleasantly but the constituents had about as much to do with the again u tax on corn , and thai , nine people out of fen represents. As a politician , Mr . Miles is princi pall y election as the King of fhe Cannibal Islands. Both were opposed to .such tt, lax. " Finally, two colonels distinguished in the House ol Commons for dull cand idales said that the present, contest was between proposed nnd seconded a lhlnl Colonel North, moid speeches, and the most agricultural-minded statistics. " Derby and Democracy ;" Mr. llerries, however, deafening uproar. Mr. H areourt t hen spoke, professing For fhe rest, he is an amiable, cheerful, heart y man, sh ow i ng decided leaning fo Protection. Mr. I tic-hard - a kind of Libera l Conservatism and quasi Free-trade. and , in less critical times, would, we suppose, very pro- son , a Kudical voter, attempted to catechise the mem- Mr. Henley followed him , the mob still behaving perl y represent such a constituency as thai, of East bers, but, bot h met him by declaring that they would uproariously. On the " momen tous question " he said Somerset. The second candidate is a, Mr. Knatchbull , not rep l y fo a, man who had once threatened to shoot '• 11, is not. now for Ihe lira I lime , and il. is not in places known fo sessions and assizes, and a very proper the Marquis of Exeter. There was great uproar. Re- where it. was liliely to he popular , but tho reverse, that. 1 county magistrate : what his qualifications for a legis- ply ing fo ' one energetic opponent, Sir Frederick, with l, fo have fe l i t my dul y, in ilill 'crenl. parts of this county , lator may be, we know not ; bu t he seems to be an his accustomed insolence, sa i d,—" I suppose that unin tell my agricultural friends thai. I saw no chance of a invisible-green wants a bi his change of tha t, law | the Corn Law |. (( '.beers.) It . would " " Dcrhy ilc. Mr. Elt on , who has con- g loaf : / wish he had. one stack in have been easy for me, if I had been a. man who wished to sented to attempt f lic rescue of at, least, one, sent, in the throat." In the midst of great confusion , he continued obtain u cheer at some of t hose meetings, to have hold d if- enmity from the Protectionist quagmire, is, as we have to declaim against democracy , w hen he was interrupted ferent language; bu t 1 urn one who, us conv ictions have said, a Liberal-Conservative of ihe Peelite school : a man by an attempt to pull down the hustings, which drove come over my mind , whether agreeable or not to those to of cultivated leisure, refined nnd studious habits, and nil from the balcony and the reporters from tho box whom I spoilo, have thought if my dul y pla inl y to speak hi (.hureh comparing time thorn." (Clieera.) moderately gh views. There is no the below, the hon. and learned speaker just having A gain : qualifications of the oilier eu.rididit.fes with Mr. Elton 's; fo say, " Evermore thanks lo you for Ihe honour yon your " You will not lind me Mink any question you put to and the feeling of a large number of fhe electors, and ham: done inn this day by electing ntc as one of me. (' Xbo big loaf.') 1 bolicyo no one hero ia more of nil tho non-elcclois, is in his favour. But it is pos- representatives." The woodwork of the hustings was the close of the poll the pulled down and carried away, in the short space Dumfries.—Mr. William Ewart elected without Cashed.—Wednesday.—At then numbers stood— seven minutes, a number of workmen employed in opposition. of Edinburgh.—There were, as we have said, six can- Sir T. O'Brien (Liberal) ... 60 erecting a new buildhig having left their work to com- didates in the field—Mr. Macaulay, put forward with- M'Garel 19 lete the havoc. So much for the " election" for Stam- out any direct or indirect interference on his part ; Cork (City).—This contest has terminated in the defeat of the Derb ites b very decisive majorit sirFFOLK (East).—Sir Fitzroy Kelly and' Sir E. S. Mr. Cowan, the late member j Provost M'Laren, Pro- y y a y, have been re-elected as Protectionists. fessor Dick, Mr. Bruce, and Mr. Campbell. The and in the gain of one member to the Opposition flooch rank. The polling commenced at 8 o'clock on Mon Suffolk (West).—Mr. P. Bennet and Mr. H. S, Liberals alone stood any chance. The show of hands - and Mr. Campbell, inde- day niorning, and from that hour up to the close Waddington, Derbyites, unopposed. went for M'Laren, Liberal, Surrey (East).—The late members, Mr. Alcock pendent Reformer. But the poll told another story, electors continued to flock to the booths. Crowds of recording the triumph of Macaulay, and the repentance women and boys, headed by a band of music, paraded nnd Mr. Locke King, whose political and economical the cit bearing aloft huge branches of trees, green opinions are well known, have been met by two Con- of Edinburgh. y, 187 2 banners, and placards, on which were inscribed in servative Free-traders, suspiciously proposed, seconded, Macaulay (Liberal) Cowan (Liberal) .....1754 large capital letters, " Civil and Religious Liberty," and supported by Tory Protectionists, who want to Outrages and Sacrileges of Stock « relieve" the agricultural interest. Numerous meetings Maclaren (Liberal) ....1540 " The port," " Pro- Bruce (Conservative) ....1066 tection for our Nuns," and cheering enthusiasticall have been held about the county by both sides. On y Monday, the day of nomination at Croydon, each of Campbell (Liberal-Conservative) . 626 for the popular candidates. Considerable excitement in the nei hbourhood of the booths the candidates, after being duly proposed, made Professor Dick did not go to the poll ; the first two prevailed g , and persons have been severel injured. The win- his speech. But there is nothing in any of them of are consequently elected. several y ' very great importance. Mr. Locke King and Mr. Al- Edinburgh County.—Sir John Hope was returned dows of Colonel Chatterton s committee-rooms in letel cock had the show of hands, and as a poll was demanded, on Thursday, without opposition. George's-street have also been comp y shattered, Thursday and Friday were named as polling days. Elgin Burghs.—Mr. George Skene Duff, without aud it was seriously feared that a riot would tsike place first day's pole. a contest. before the close of the proceedings. For the preserva- King 2011 . Elgin and Nairn.—Mr. Cumming Bruce, was de- tion of peace, however, several troops of soldiers, Alcock 2013 clared duly elected. cavalry and infantry, and police were drawn up in the Antrobus 1675 Fife County. — Mr. Fergus was re-elected on vicinity of the polling-place. Some of the cavalry Cleasby 1590 Thursday. (7th Dragoon Guards), who were continually moving Sussex (East.)—Mr. Fuller and Mr. Frewen were FALKIRK BURGHS. through the city, had their swords drawn, others had again proposed at Lewes on Monday. Mr. Fuller was Baird (Conservative) ....579 their carbines unslung, and everything betrayed a for Free-trade in everything if we have Free-trade at Anderson (Liberal) 529 readiness on their part to act at a moment's warning. all. Mr. Frewen gave several specimens of the en- On Wednesday the High Sheriff, Mr. F. B. Beamish, at its final close, as lightened state of his mind. He said the manufacturers Majority for Baird ....50 announced the state of the poll, were protected from the importation of cottons and silks GREENOCK. follows:— Serjeant Murph 1246 from abroad. He retracted his declaration at Mayfield , Dunlop (Liberal) 466 y Mr. Fagan 1220 that if no one else brought forward a bill to reimpose Elphinstone (Conservative) . . 251 Colonel Chatterton 898 Protection on corn he would. As to Maynooth, " Why," Poll closed at 1*30, Elphinstone protesting that his Perrier 194 said he, " if it were not for Maynooth, Ireland would voters were intimidated. Mr. have been a Protestant country." (Loud laughter.) The Haddingtonshire.— Mr. Charteris, Liberal-Con- Majority of Mr. Serjeant Murphy over Colonel Chat- new candidate is Mr. Dodson, son of Sir John Dodson. servative, returned, unopposed. terton, 348 ,• majority of Mr. Fagan, 322. to the precautions taken by the civic authori- He is a Liberal and Free-trader. He and Mr. Fuller HADDINGTON BUEGHS. Owing Roman Catholic bishop, carried the show of hands. Sir H. Davie (Liberal) ....312 ties and the interference of the the disturbances have been put an end to. Gross return for first day, excepting Rye. Mr. Swinton (Derbyite) . . . 185 Fuller 1637 The following appears in Dublin Saunders' s of Wed- "A very numerous and influential meeting Frewen 1518 Majority against Mr. Swinton 127 nesday:— Dodson 1273 was held yesterday at the Imperial Hotel, when a KILMABNOCK BUEGHS. series of resolutio ns were passed, expressive of the deter- Tayistock.—Two" Liberals. 548 Bouverie (Liberal) mination of the Conservative electors to support Colonel Byng 220 Campbell (Conservative) . . . 302 Carter 169 Chatterton in tbe prosecution of a petition against the return of Mr. Serjeant M urphy and Mr. Fagan. A Phillimore . 104 246 Majority for Bouverie . . . siim of 600Z. was subscribed in the room, Mr. Hudson, Waeeham.—The old member, Mr. Drax, returned Kirkcudbrightshire.—Mr. John Mackie, of Bar M.P., putting down bis name for 100?." without opposition. He is a Liberal, but a Protec- galay, elected unopposed. Drogheda.—Sir W. Somerville having withdrawn, tionist ;—one who believes that " Protection is not Lanarkshire.—Mr. Loekhart confiding Derbyite , Mr. James M'Cann was returned without opposition. dead !" unopposed. Dublin University.—Messrs. Napier and Hamil- Wa rwickshire (North.)—Newdegatc and Spooner, Linlithgowshire. — Mr. Dundas elected, unop- ton were yesterday elected, without opposition. congenial and confiding Derbyites, have been opposed. posed. Dundalk.—Wednesday.—Mr. George Bowyer has On tho classic ground of Coleshill the contending par- Paisley.—Mr. Hastie, Liberal, has defeated Mr. been returned without a contest, the Hon. Mr. Jocolyn ties assembled. Numerous bands of " roughs" from Hal Radical, b 406 to 374. After the election,, a y, y having resigned. Coventry sind Nuneaton, electors and non-electors from mob broke the windows of Mr. Hastie's committee- Dungannon.—The Ministerialist has triumphed. Birmingham and other places, took up their position in room, and the military were called oiit to restore order. The numbers were :— the Market-place. There was a deal of lighting— Perth.—The Honourable Arthur Kinnaird, un- Hon. Mr. Knox 100 twelve battles progressing at ono time ; there was'tre- opposed. Mr. Holmes 22 mendous uproar drowning the eloquence of the weak Renfrew County.—Colonel Mure, the late mem- Newdegate . and the weak Spooner. Nor did their ber, unanimously elected. Dungarvon, Wednesday, Three o'clock. Liberal opponents, Craven sind Skipwith, fare better as Selkirkshire.—Mr. Eliott Loekhart was returned Maguire (Liberal) 127 to speaking, but they bad the show of hands, such as without opposition. 07Flaharty (Liberal) ....lib" they were. The whole scene was disgraceful in the Stirling.—Sir James Anderson, Liberal, has been The entire constituency numbers 314. last degree. The polling took placo on Thursday and returned, by 259 to 150, over his opponent, Mr. Miller. Ennis.—The Papal brigade have gained an able re- l'Yiday. * Stirlingshire.—Mr. Forbes, of Cullender, the late cru it in the person of Mr. ./. D. Fitzgerald, the emi- FIRST DAY'S POLE. member, was returned without opposition. nent Queen's Counsel. The final state of the poll vvns Newdegate 2308 us follows :— Spooner 2228 IRELAND. Mr. J. D. Fitzgerald, Q.C. . . 59 Craven 1893 Athlone.—The numbers polled on Monday were as The O'Goriimn Malton . . . 46 Skipwith 1882 follows :— E nnihkii.lkn. - Mr. Whiteside, the Solicitor-Gene- Weht m.orex.ani>.—- Colonel Lowther and Alderman Keogh 87 ral, was elected, on Monday, without/opposition. Thompson, Derby ites, elected, unopposed. Lawes 10 Galway (I'.iiit oi' iiii ). Whiggery has sustained a Worcehtejihiiike, (East).—Captain Rushout, Der- At .half-past 9 o'clock Mr. Lawes refused to poll any repulse in the rcjeellon by the "City of the Tribes" of byite, and Mr. Foley, Free-trader, without a contest. more until Mr. Keogh should produce his qualification. the claims of Lord DimkeHin , backed though they were Woiujkhtk.ibiijr.. (Wicst).—Two " most confiding" Mr. Keogh refusing to do so, a protest was formally by all the influence of the house of Clanricsirde. The Derby ites have been returned without a contest. They uiado by Mr. Lawos's agent, and the polling on the two late members have carried the day. The numbers are the late members, General Lygon and Mr. Knight, part of Mr. Lawes was discontinued. at the close were :— VoRKHiuii R (North ItiniNo)' Helfaht.—Tho Ministerial loss in fhe city of Cork Mr. Anthony ()' Flaherty . . (MO .-—Mr. Civy ley and the " Honourable O. Duncombe, Derbyites, unopposed. Mr. has been covered by a victory in tho I rish M anchester, Mr. M artin ,1. IJluke . . . . 462 Cay loy said, tliat, Mr. Disraeli had told him, that tho the Liberal having been routed from the field, and two Lord Dunkellin 284 financial question is the problem to be solved in the Derby ites triumphantly returned. The final state of Km/k enny.—~ Mr. Fierce Somerset Butler, the Li- coining Parliament. the poll stood thus :— beral candidale for Kilkenny, has issued a rather Mr. (tiehard Davison .. ..1 259 lengthy address to the. elector.s ol" that county. He rests .SCOTLAND. Mr. Hugh M'Calmont Cairns . 1 202 his appeal to their suffrages on , (we quot e his words) : AjJKiuH. K rf .—Mr. Thompson, Free-trader " upon re- Mr. Robert James Teiin anf . . 1)04 " Tbe very suicicut, social , and political connexion ciprocit y principles," has been returned. Carriokvichguh. The attempt of Colonel Frith to of uiy family with your county ; secondly, my own Thompson (582 open the borough has proved a failure. The Hon. Mr. u nswerving advocacy of your ri ghts, conjointly with "".y 47h Cotton has been re-elected. The numbers were : ~ - tbe wisest and truest patriots of the «ge.; sind lastly, Aukiioeunhhirk.-- Admiral Gordon, Derby ite, un- Hon. W. S. Cotton ....288 experience of those ext raordinary opposed. my parliamentary Mr. Warren II. L. Frith . . . Ufjg political phases through which Ireland has passed , from Carnarvon BoRorjoiiN.—Tho Liberal-ConHorvativo, Caw low Horougii.— Wednesday.—The numbers at the memorable period of Catholic, Emancipation to the Mr. Hughes, by 36'.) to 276, over Mr. Davies. the final close of the poll stood thus :— present hour." He is a firm believer in sind disciple Coitntv op- liu-i e. — The Hon. Stuart Wortley Siullier (Liberal) \\2, of O'Connell ; in favour of " tho sound and placaldo nmuiiniously elected. Brown (Derbyite) y(j politicul action of tho pout inculcated and directed by the Liberator ;" and of " Moral Combination as op- and Son have deservedly borne away the palm, not only DEATH OF HENRY ©LAY. posed to Physical Force." A " Firm Supporter of by their selection of Hussey's machine, demonstrating Henry Clay ig dead. He died at Washington, on Free-trade;" of tenant right as proposed by Sharman its superiority over that of M'Cormack, which gained the 29th of June, in the presence of his son Thomas. Crawford ; of extension of the franchise. He considers the council medal at the Great Exhibition, last year, As soon as Congress heard the news both houses the " political future " of Ireland " neither dark nor but introducing a very simple improvement in the con- adjourned. And as it flew fast and far over the Union, unproniising." He rejoices to find the Ecclesiastical struction of the scissor-like knives, which is thus de- court-houses closed, public - bodies suspended their Titles Bill, against which he voted, " fast becoming scribed in the catalogue :-±- sittings, minute-guns were fired, vesseLs in the river null and void." " With regard to the internal com- " In the machines brought over from America, the and sea-board harbours hoisted their flags half-mast " he cutters were bevilled on both sides, similar to a common, merce of Ireland, " looks forward to a new order ' high; and in the evening there were guns tiring and of things ; and, in axe, which was found—in cutting soft crops, such as bar- the meantime, announces himself ley and oats—to have the effect of bending the straw be- bells tolling over one-half the Union. as a patron of sugar-beet, and a prospective manufac- tween the guards in which the cutters work, and pulling Henry Clay, says the Morning Chronicle, was the turer of sugar therefrom. He is, we are glad to find , it off instead of cutting it. By the improved form of son of a clergyman of Hanover county, Virginia, more disposed to look to Lord Palmerston as the suc- cutter, registered by R. Garrett and Son, bevilled on one where he was born on the 12th of April, 1777. His- cessor of Lord Derby than to Lord John Russell, if we side only, and cutting against a keen square edge guard, father died during the revolutionary war, leaving but rightly interpret his words The having to give made of steel, similar to a pair of shears or scissors, this for the support of his famil :—" yet defect has been completely remedied, and crops of any scanty, means y, and my support to a Ministry formed by one who is con- kind may be perfectly cut with equal precision and facility. Henry Clay was early trained to a life of labour—a nected with Ireland by property and by birth." The It is adapted for lands ploughed flat, as well as for stetches school which no doubt served to give the first de- election takes place on Monday next. or ridges, and may be worked either lengthways or across velopment to the energies and talents . afterwards so Limerick City.—Wednesday, Nine o'clock p.m.— the furrows, as required." conspicuous. In 1793 he was brought to the notice After a most desperate struggle, and frightful rioting This wonderful machine promises to effect a com- of Chancellor Wythe, at Richmond, and commenced throughout the week, Sergeant O'Brien has been beaten plete revolution in our harvesting operations, for it the study of the law. He was license I as an attorney cuts every descri by a small majority. At the final close the numbers ption of standing crop with an even- in 1797 , and removed to Lexington, Kentucky, where were— ness and regularity unknown to hand labour, and it he commenced the practice of his profession. He soon Avorks at the rate of an acre and a-half per hour ; so that Potter 537 , took a high position at the bar of Kentucky, and was Russell 461 in addition to the mere economy of money, there is the at once recognised as one of the most promising men equall O'Brien 448 y important one of time, a farmer being rendered of the West, and indeed of the American nation. M'Donncll 70 far less dependen t on those two very precarious things, Mr. Clay was elected to fill an unexpired term in All the candidates here were Liberals. The houses harvest weather and harvest hands, than he used to he. the United States Senate in December 1806. In 180S of several Roman Catholics who voted for Russell were The attention which this machine has attracted is one he was elected to the Kentucky legislature, and in gutted, and their contents thrown into the river. After of the most favourable and encouraging signs that have 1810 he was again chosen to fill a vacancy in the the poll was known, the disturbances were renewed, yet been displayed of the increasing intelligence and United States Senate. In 1811 he was sent to the the troops were called out, the Riot Act read, and the enterprise among the agricultural body. It is calcu- House of Representatives in Washington, and was lated that police, headed by the mayor, suppressed the disturb- , within the year, 1,500 of them have been chosen speaker. He was a warm advocate of the war made to order in this country, ances. All is now apparently quiet. One of the most — a sale of a new imple- with Great Britain, and throughout that crisis sus- ment curious features in this election was the appearance of quite unprecedented. Another impression which tained Mr. Maddison's war measures with great zeal.. must be produced on the mind of every the paupers, who had rushed out of the workhouse to attentive In 1814 , he was sent to Ghent as one of the commis- enjoy the scene. visitor to the show-yard of the Royal Agricultural sioners to negotiate the treaty of pe- ace with Great Societ Mallow.—Wednesday.—The Liberal candidate has y is the extraordinary attraction which the Britain. Returning home, he was again sent to Con- manufacturers of been returned. At the close of the poll the numbers machinery for the use of the farm gress in 1815 , and was elected speaker during two feel and own towards these annual exhibitions. At were— consecutive Congresses. He remained in the House of great expense Sir Denham Jephson Norreys, Bart. , 59 , they continue year after year to compete Representatives till 1821. During the year 1818 , he with each other, and so strong irit of Captain Stannard Eustace ....44 is the sp rivalry achieved great distinction by his advocacy of the which New Ross.—Wednesday.—The polling for this pervades them, that a blacksmith (not long ago claims of the South American Republics to the reco- in a very small way borough took place this day, amidst considerable excite- in this neighbourhood) exhibits gnition of their independence by the United States. ment. Sir Thomas Redington having withdrawn, the goods to the value of 2,000?. Many of these men, who He offered the motion for a mission to South America now employ hundreds of hands contest lay between the Liberal and Derbyite candidates. , commenced business fro m the government, and advocated it in a speech like this blacksmith, and they have risen b degrees At the final close of the poll the numbers were :— y which, for statesman-like views and true eloquence, till their business' at leng Duffy (Liberal) 81 th embraces a variety of me- ranks among his ' best efforts. The measure failed, chanical details, Lambert (Derbyite) 36 and calls forth an ingenuity which but was subsequently sanctioned by the course of makes it not onl ' impovtaut It is stated that notice of a petition has been served y an branch of our uatioual events which led to the establishment of independence industry, but a prominent feature in that great system on Mr. Dully. in South America. of labour economized by machinery, which is the chief Portarlington.—Colonel Dunne, Derbyite, was In 1823, Mr. Clay was again elected to Congress,, source of our wealth as a people. re-elected, on Monday, without opposition. and again chosen speaker by a large majority. He Ihe cattle-yard opened shortly after one o' Sligo Borough.—Wednesday.—At the close of clock, distinguished himself in this Congress as the advocate and, on the whole, satisfactorily maintains the the poll the numbers were :— reputa- of protection to American industry, as well as several tion of that department in former years. The show Mr. Charles Townley (Liberal) . 153 other measures. During the exciting contest for the of mares and fillies is excellent, Snhblks taking the Mr. John Patrick Soniers(Liberal) 110 presidency, in 1824, Mr. Clay was a candidate ; the- lead, and distancing idl competition . The display Tralee.—Wednesday.—Mi-. Maurice O'Connell has of vote in the electoral college being—for Adams, 84 ; Sussex cattle was also admired ; not, perhaps, so much been returned, Mr. Kinderly, his opponent, having re- Jackson, 99; Crawford, 49; Clay, 37. Mr. Adams for their symmetry of form as for the natural, unpam- tired from the contest. ; the. polling, however, pro- being chosen president by the House of Represen- pered, and unforced appearsinoe of most of the animals. ceeded, and 103 votes were recorded for Mr. O'Connell. tatives, he tendered Mr. Clay the office of secretary of In South Down sheep it was to be expected that hero Wa tereoro City.—At the final close, at five , state, which he accepted, entering on the duties of the at the very foot of the hills which give their name to o'clock, the numbers were :— office March 4, 1825, and retaining it to the close of f lic breed, and surrounded by the most celebrated Meagher (Liberal) 463 Mr. Adams's administration. In 1831 , he was again flockmasterK, the pens exhibited should possess remark- Keatinge (Liberal) 444 sent to the United States Senate ; and in 1832 was a able excellence, and such is the case ; but, unfortu- Barron (Derbyite) 308 candidate for the presidency, but defeated by General nately for Sussex, Jonas Webb again carries away the Christmas (Derbyite) ....355 Jackson. During the session of 1833, when tho tariff chief prizes, sind it, seems pretty generally admitted YoUGUAL.— Wednesday, Half-past Three. question was agitating the whole nation to an alarming ' that, the quality of his sheep quite entitled him to do Butt ( Derby ite) . 110 extent, he brought forward his celebrated Compromise * so. They certainly arc splendid specimens, and the. Hon. J. VV . Forteseue (Liberal) . 106 Bill, which passed both houses, and restored quiet to lucky owner of them is overwhelmed with the Great excitement prevailed, and both parties seemed most the country. tempting oilers to part with them, even for a season ; confident of success. Mr. Clay remained in the United States Senate the same pre-eminence which Jonas Webb seems to gknkeat. result. until 1842, when, on tho 31st of March, he resigned have established for himself in South Downs, Mr. W. As fur as can be guessed, the returns give the fol his seat. In 1844, he was the Whig nominee for the Sunday, of Holme Pierrepoint, near Nottingham, ap- lowing results : — presidency, being defeated by Mr. Polk. In December pears to have secured in Leiccsters. He has walked 1 849, he again took his seal, in the Senate, where he Deriiyitkh. Liberals. . < away with all the prizes. There was a small lot oi CONHKltVATl VKH. remained until last winter, when the encroachments of 187 238 57 very line Cotswolds shown, which it is alleged the disease obliged him to tender his resignation. His Gross majority against Lord Derby . . . 108 council do not patronize as much as they should, last service in the Senate was probably the most Liberal majority 51. having too strong a leaning in favour of " Leiccsters." glorious ; for in 1850 he ori inated the series of Tbe Koniney-nijirsh, or Kentish sheep, hardly came up g measures known as the Compromise which rescued THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY . to fhe expectations formed of them ; and fhe pigs nnd , the Union from one of its greatest dangers. A TlIIH important ' association has this year held its an- cattle, w hile of average merit iu otber respects, were national career of forty-six years identified him with nual exhibition af Lewes. The Times thus estimates certainl y over-fattened. This was particularl y remark- that much of fhe history of the American nation, and the two great departments, the implement and stock- able iu the Hereford bulls, which were perfect moun- though ho has never been a president few presidents* yard. Tliey were opened to the public on Wednesday, tains of obesit y, out of place and out of nature, even , could hope for greater dignif or a more enduring about mid-day. Looking at the implement-yard as a at the Smitbfield Club Show iu Christmas time, and y, fame than his. whole, one cannot help being impressed with the enor- t herefore intolerable and disgusting in the dog-days. mous aids held out therein to practical agriculture. One word remains to be said on the show of poultry. LETTERS FROM PARIS. Thirteen years of experience have exercised a most It, is a small display , as was fo be expected, being the salutary influence,on fhe description of machines brought first attempt of the kind, and could not for a moment [F rom our own Couukhi'onomnt.] forward ; aud, whereas formerly there was much useless be compared with the magnificent exhibitions of the Lettkr XX IX. rubbish, now tho practical requirements of the farm are sort which annuall y take place in Birmingham. Its Paris, Tuesday Kviuiiii^, J uly 'Kith , Wti'S. taken as the true guides of invention. Perhaps no useful character, however, is strictly preserved, fancy LotJlH Honai' A rtio'h government has received hoiim* more remarkable evidence can he afforded of this (ban varieties being excluded fro m competition. A few sharp shocks of late. The ollieial world of i>oliti«'S, the case of reaping machines, of which no less than years hence and there can be, no doubt that this de- indeed, is making holiday, tho legislative session is Hcvontceii specimens are exhibited, the best makers partment will grow into one of the most attractive closed, the knot of deputies who showed symptoms of being competitors. From among th em, Messrs. Gurrctt features of the »how-yard. opposition are away to the country : tho President ro- the Pr^fets themselves in« alone at the helm, of affairs, reigning and go- Strikes are being organized in all the most important There are even among mains . M. Morizot, Prefet of L'Ule like an absolute monarch. He has got rid of towns. Three strikes have already taken place, at Rive stances of opposition , et verning audacit to tell some hard of Republicans by transportation and exile, he de Gier, at Nantes, and at Rouen, not to speak of those Villaine, having had the y a mass truths to the Master of France, was instantly deprived reduced the press to silence : the " fourth estate of at Paris. Last Thursday, the " navvies" struck work has of his office. M. Morizot was resolved that the reasons " as it was called by constitutionalists in the at Angouleme. A considerable body of men proceeded the realm- of his disgrace should not remain a secret ; he addressed ' of Louis Philippe, now only asks to be allowed to from the yards of St. Armand to those of Angouleme, i me hout to his subordinate functionaries a circular, in which he in peace. with the intention of stopping the works throug die general said, " that there is a duty not without its danger—it Air then is tranquil in the offi cial world ; all is at the whole length of railway, and of organizing a substitute of the Procureur de la Repub- is that of wounding susceptibilities in high places ; but -peace ; all is prostrate, and cowering before the will strike. The all-powerful despot. But in the real world, on lique presented himself on the spot with two brigades that being persuaded that the truth should be told, of the both about men and things, especiall in critical times contrary, it is quite otherwise. Bonaparte is of gendarmerie. At that moment the muster consisted y , the demanded he had not hesitated to tell it, without dissimulation, powerless : obstacle s everywhere, hostility on all sides, of some 300 workmen, who cried out that they an without exaggeration, but also without any regard to opposition universal. He begins to be alarmed at this to be paid at the rate of 25 centimes (2^d.) hour. personal advantage. position ; his only real power, his sole support is The substitute endeavoured to address them : he was his own " Every word a blow for false Bonaparte ! the army ; and the army is profoundly agitated— hooted and assailed by a shout of " To Angouleme." in The Moniteur has just promul disgusted with the menial office of 'protecting the in- The gendarmes then charged this unarmed mass, and gated the organic de- partmental, and municipal law ; consequentl glorious despotism of a Nullity ! arrested eight persons. The rest resisted and defended y, the elec- Besides (as I have before told you) the army is themselves as well as they could against the armed tions of mayors and municipal counsellors will take « worked" assiduously by every party ; and scarcely a force. One gendarme, a quarter-master, had two of place immediately, in every town and village of France. of one A certain interest attaches to their elections. It is to day now passes without some military plot being dis- his fiugers hacked off. The next day a piquet itimists will, or will not, covered, some acts of insubordination breaking out in hundred soldiers was sent to the spot. At St. Quentin, know whether the Leg obey different regiments. A degrading system of espi- the working cabinet-makers have struck. To alarm the mandate of the Comte de Chambord. If they obey, all i-fluence onage weighs upon the service, distributing all the them, the authorities arrested nine of their number, they naturally abdicate personal , by with- honours, not to the most brave soldiers, but to the most but the others persisted in their refusal to work. The drawing from the elections. If they refuse to obey, it dastardly informers : what wonder then that every carpenters of Mans and those of La Pleche bave also will be a blow to tbe discipline of the party. They are noble and generous heart revolts and gives utterance struck. On Saturday evening after the day's work, said to be divided in opinion on the subject . All the aloud to indignation and contempt ? Hence the apt they all gave up their tools, and have not since made noblesse of Brittany aud of Normandy, habituated, as readiness to listen to every extreme suggestion ; the their appearanee in the workshops: their number is they are, to govern their communes, are, I am in- officers who frequent the society of the bourgeoisie me about a hundred. At St. Etienne, the working-plas- formed, disposed to resistance. They have despatched all won over to the Legitimists or to the Orleanists ; terers have struck. At Paris, a grand strike of all the numerous missives to Frohsdorf, excusing themselves as to the sub-officers , their grade debarring them ac- workmen employed in building, such as carpenters, for having taken the oath, on the ground that they cess to the salons, they are thrown into constant and masons, joiners, painters, and stone-cutters, is being considered it sound policy not to withdraw from the direct contact with the people, and become or remain organized. Two working stone-cutters, employed at councils general, in which they might render far republicans. The three conspiracies, Legitimist, Or- the works on the Ecole des Arts et Metiers, have been greater service to the cause than by isolation. The leanist, and Republican, cross one another in the army, arrested on the charge of having been heard to hold Comte de Chambord has not replied, but he has in- and already possess the vast majority in its ranks. It language tending to exeite their fellow workmen to structed his advisers to say, that he referred all his is only the force of discipline that now maintains all strike. Some few carters have also been arrested. All adherents to his preceding instructions, and relied on these contending elements within their duty. Louis these strikes occurring simultaneously are not, as you their prudence and sagacity. A great number of Le- Bonaparte feels this, and the impossibility of its longer may well believe, a mere accident. They are part of a gitimists have gone to Frohsdorf, and many more are safe 'continuance is the source of his gloomiest anxieties. great system of agitation determined upon in the high expected to follow. It is almost another emigration; On Saturday last he summoned the Minister of War, councils of the democracy. Bonaparte having threatened, through the Government the frontier General St. Arnaud, to a conference. You may re- An .Arab conspiracy has been discovered in Algeria. organs, to refuse them permission to recross member that some months ago I informed you of a It was a most serious affair , having vast ramifications. into France, their departure may be considered a defi- dispute that had arisen between these two men on the The purpose was notlnng less than a renewal of the ance on the part of the French noblesse. subject of cashiering a great number of officers , as Massacre of the Sicilian Vespers throughout French The Orleanists on their side continue their intrigues. and a conspiracy is the President desired, and General St. Arnaud refused. Algeria. A providential chance revealed traces of Their organization is very strong, We shall Bonaparte has now revived this measure. After ex- the plot. At Bona, in a wagon stopped on the public bruited to be on the eve of breaking out. , Bonaparte seizes posing the situation of the army to his Minister, after road, was found powder, fire-arms, and a chest full of see in good time. In the meanwhile reading the reports received from the police, he specified letters. The conductor of the wagon declared that the Orleans properties. He has laid hands upon the near Verrion ; he has sold the fur- the conduct of several officers by name, and flatly in- these goods had been given into his charge by natives Chateau de Bizy, sisted upon the immediate expulsion from the service at a distance, and consigned to natives resident at niture of the Chateau d'Eu, and very serious intentions of 1500 officers , Legitimists and Orleanists. St. Arnaud Bona. The letters appointed the night of the 17th of are entertained of taking possession of the domains of was still strongly opposed to such a measure, and de- June for a general massacre of the Christians. The Arc, and of Chateau Villain, belonging to the Prince clared that so long as he was Minister, he would not signal was to be given by bonfires on the top of towers. de Joinville. lend his hand to such a flagrant violation of all the Bona is garrisoned by 200 men only. They were to Resignations are going on still. Among the more principles and regulations of military discipline. have been drawn out of the town by the natives setting recent may be noted that of a post-captain, M. Lau- Bonaparte rejoined that he willed it thus, and that St. fire to the crops, while others within the town executed rencin, an Orleanist. Republicans, real or suspected, Arnaud had only to obey ; whereupon the latter grow- the massacre. The same was to have happened in all are continually arrested in the departments. A brave ing warm, replied again—" Since you are bent on these other localities. Numerous arrests of natives have champion of the democracy, Citizen Marescot, has just wholesale expulsions from the army, why not cashier taken place at Bona. been condemned by the court-martial sitting at Lyons, as found guilty of having taken part in the conspiracy not only the 1500 Legitimist and Orleanist officers , For some days? past the Moniteur has become very of Gent. Marescot obstinately refused to sdlow him- hut all the Republicans besides ; your army will be insignificant ; it publishes nothing but Senatiis-Con- self to be defended, saying, that as his political friends purged enough at last ; you will have no officers at sidtes and the laws voted during the Legislative ses- , had refused all defence, he would have no advocate. all." Since this interview the Minister is out of sion . One of these Senalds- Consultes, not content After his sentence, when tho President of the Court favour; but the President has not yet ventured to with conferring upon Louis Bonaparte the right of told him he had two hours given him to appeal for a carry out his determination. sporting in the forests of Versailles, of Marly, St. Ger- revision of the sentence, Marescot replied—" Five la St. Arnaud, by the way, left Paris about three weeks main, Rambouillet, and Fontuineblcsiu, extends the pri- Pcpubliquc ! that in the only revision I desire." Tho i< g<), for tbe waters of Vichy in the Allier, where ho to a number of other lakes and woods. Tho vilege transportation of Republicans to Cayenne is accom- intended to pass tho whole summer, but a disagreeable f irst care of our present Government is to assure the plished. Three transports havo conveyed 173 demo- adventure in the shape of a stoning reception compelled leasures of his Highness the Sultan . The fact is, p crats, with 900 convicts, to that inhospitable shore. him to return with all speed to Paris. It appears that Louis Bonaparte treats France as his farm and pro- They arc to be distributed among different colonists. on the 4th instant, tho general, accompanied by the perty. The army is no longer the army of France—-it In other words, they tire to work as ivhite slaves for Sous-prefet of LaJ'alisse, with a party of ladies and a is the army of Bonaparte ; the navy is no longer the pri vate owners. ret uuio of servants, was riding along the road,when ho navy of France — it is the navy of Ilonaparte. Tho press is still persecuted. Qalignani' s Messenger met a number of peasants walking arm in arm, abreast, Thus, in a report by the Minister oi* Marine, the has received a first warning, for having towards him. As St. Arnaud approached them, they Minister speaks of the services rendered to Monscig- published ar- ticles without signatures affixed. The eorresjiondent of recognised him, and refused to get out of his way. St. neur, sind not si word about services rendered to the Cologne (Jazelte has been harassed b Arnaud f low into a passion, and shook his whip in their France. Uonaparte, to prove his gratitude for the de- y a domiciliary visit, and the sea rch and seizure of all his psipcrs. faces. This exasperated the peasants to such a pitch vofedness of his adherents, lavishes titles, decorat ions, Now that tbe journals aro utterl that they began shouting, Let -us stone him ! let us and niedids. He has recently made l'ersigny, the y insignificant, all the life of polemics is absorbed into pamphlets and stone, him, ! and , us good as their word, they proceeded small apothecary , si Count. Fersigny is now best known in f<> pick up stones, and fling thorn at the General. One Paris as the Count of Ham. As to the famous medal brochures. One is advertised to appear to-morrow, by a distinguished Orleanist, M. Albert de Broglie, son of stone hit him « thisi.], \u error,.,.,.,,,- shall. I...1I continue.....ilimin who may separate from tho faith established by f lic Slate Arrests continue at IJreseia , I'av ia, Creiliona. At Cre- there can be no genuine love, none of that spi rit ' previous declaration as required b mona wit hout making a , y , one Antonio Hindu , a landed proprietor , has been which Huflcrofb long, and is kind. The true principle lu\y." arrested along with others. To thoso arrested al, Mantua being now ascertained, progress the II. appears (writes the Oorrespiindent, of tho Daily has to bo added the name of Count A rri valient. . may bo made fo permanent, happ Neios) tliiit. Austria and France aro bent upon the dismem- Al, Venice many deplorable arrests have been made - iness of all by forming a superior berment, of tho Swiss confederation. Certain if is that Scurgollini , Cana l , Zambelli, Forriicini , a nd ot hers. Hero, eharacfer for all , and surrounding all with ampin negotiations bave been going ou between those (wo courts as at Mantua, the arrests have boon made in succession , wealth. relative to the French project of annexing tho Catholic this being au old trick of the Austrian police, to induce The object is, how to make man from his birth populations of the ./ urn, which wtiro once under her sway. (lie imprisoned to believ e that, thoy havo been dououucod good, wise, and happy . This has not been done, Austria, nu her side, would bo equally glad to annex the b y their previously arrested companions, and so to spread hitherto, because Tossin , and other eastern cantons ; but being bound b y abroad through the liberal part, of society tho susp icion of nil societies have been formed on the stricter engagements than Franco towards tho other mutual treachery. Huppositiou that each one forms his own eharacfer, European powers, she obj ects to tho dismemberment pro- Altogether at Mantua the arrests hitherto known ex- and should ho responsible to society for it, and there- pou nd, unlouB tho dotaohod portions of tho Swiflfl confedera- ceed ono hundred ; at Venice thoro havo boon in all fore failed. Look at tho conditions now existing i» also prophets who had wrought the antici the twp most advanced nations—England and the and said his servants always said he did. He pated miracle of United States of America. Do they succeed in making denied that be used tbe staff, and said that it was causing a ceiling to fall upon the heads of the saints men good, wise, and happy ? No! the conditions taken from , him by his wife, who assisted in the attack without injury. with which these and other societies surround men upon him. He would not believe the servant girls upon S are bad. tbeir path. j mmmr THE SANITARY A SOCIATION VERSUS THE Mr. Joseph Smith, Mr. Vansittart Neale, Dr. Pavis, Mr. Beadon observed, that he thought it very re- WATER MONOPOLISTS. Lechevalier, and Mr. R. Cooper, took part in thp markable that a clergyman of the Church of England Mr. Amidst the general dissolution of Political parties now discussion which followed. should have two servants in his house who did not know the nature of an oath. virtually defunct, and the incoherent efforts of Social parties not yet thoroughly organized, the Sanitary A WILD CLERGYMAN. Dallon said, the witness fastened the door, and resisted him. His servants were always listening, and would Party stands conspicuous, as well for the novelty and Cannon, a young man about thirty years of Wilham never obey any of his directions. He had twice given boldness of its principles, as for the energy with which loyed as a messenger in Kensington, appeared ji , thoy loavo of an oath. Mi-. Hoadon complied with this insure inevitable death , not one single Mormon was defects sot forth in tho request wholly un touched its three ma in , and tbey answered his questions most, siitis- injured , though if whs intimated that two or three conclusion of that paragraph ; to wh ich tho attention of hio.forily. They then corroborated tho stufoinont of unbelievers, who had gone thither to revile, und sneer Parliament and of ( Iio Press ih again oiirnestly invited. Ca nnon in every particular, and said Dallon was in the at the true followers of Joe Smit h, received slight in- " It only remains to comment briefl y on Iho clausoH and habi t of using very offensive language to them on every juries, which may serve their consciences as remem- amendments drawn up by Lord .1. Manners, for considera- whole House. occasion. brancers. tion in Committee of fhe Mr " Of these, the first eight would substitute tho authority . ISeadon asked Dallon if he was iu the habit of When the party were all extricated, another hall that oii tho Hoard of using of tho Hoard of Works for Trade, and the language imputed ao him. wits obtained , und there tho remainder of tho evening rcudur the controlling supervision to be ttxeroisod over tho Mr. Dallon denied that he ever used the language, was devoted to an ovation to thy elders and tho watqr oompunioa aonu.what uioro vtfwfuuL (ob rather loan utterly nugatory) than that provided by the Select Com- a ruinous Iobs ; and such as kept up a show of prosperity DREADFUL RAILWAY ACCIDENT. mittee, and described above. were, in fact, like the East London Company, paying Seybbai. monster excursion trains left Burnley on 's divi- " The four next amendments, proposed for insertion in dividends out of capital. The New River Company Monday, conveying upwards of 5,000 of the teachers dends went down from 500?. to 23?. per share per annum. , clause 15 of the bill, tend to secure the introduction of the children, and friend s of the various Sunday schools of l without the delay, and without several In the border-line districts, where the fiercest conflicts constant supp y, the town to York, Goole, Liverpool, and other of the exemptions, conceded to the companies by the Select took place, the inhabitants sided wiih one or other of the places. Committee. contending parties. Some noted with delight the humbled The Goole train, engaged by the Wesleyan Methodists, monopolists and heartil backed and some other amendments referring tone of the old arbitrary , y consisted of about 35 carriages, containing some 1,200 "These, to points the invaders. Some quiet old stagers stuck to the ancient are obviously well meant, and may prove useful persons, and reached Burnley, on its return, qhout: of detail, companies and to the faces of familiar turncocks. These so far as go; but they utterl i , hted with the day' they y gnore the main im- paid ; but many shrewd fellows put off the obsequious 11.30 p.m., every one delig s trip to provements in our water supply, set forth as attainable in collectors and contrived to live water-rate free. Thus the the sea, and quite unprepared for the most fearful paragraphs 1 to 5 of the following Memorandum ; and , honest as usual, paid for the knaves; and the ultimate railway accident which has ever occurred in. this nei they leave wholly unremedied the principal evils of the , gh- burden of all these squandered resources fell (also as usual) within a Government bill, pointed out in paragraph 9. bourhood. The train had arrived few hun- on society at large. " As for the ten new clauses by which Lord J. Manners dred yards of the station, when it was brought to a " ' Such a state of things could not last; and it came to proposes that the present and all future water companies stand for the purpose of detaching the engines (ac- a conclusion which experience, had it been invoked, mi ht shall be bound and compellable to extend their pipes g usual practice), and running the train have led Parliament to anticipate. For, scarcely a century cording to the throughout the entire districts which they are empowered before the two chartered East India Companies, after five on to the main line, which is not employed at this by their several Acts to suppl the effect of such a regu- , y, years' internecine war had coalesced to form that gigantic station for the ordinary passenger traffic; but before lation, if enforced, would be to encumber the greater part , confederacy which for years monopolised the Indian trade, the train of London with double and triple sets of pipes, conveying, the engines could be disposed of, , from its and rose to an unexampled pitch of corporate power and at an enormously increased outlay of .capital, the water weight, was again in motion, and, before the points- aggrandisement, at the cost of the mercantile community. which one set would suffice to deliver. These clauses arc man could attend to bis duty, had passed on, down the apparently intended to renew competition between the " ' Just so, in 1817, the great water companies coalesced incline, to the usual passenger platform, which is companies, now virtuall leagued against the public. But against the public ; and coolly portioned out London be- y adapted only for a short train, and terminates in a they would wholly fail of any such effect. Friendly com- tween them. Their treatment, on this occasion, of the panies, making comfortable profits, cannot easily be forced tenants so lately flattered and cajoled, will never be effaced strong stone wall. The train entered the station with to fi ght one another against their wnf. Lambeth, indeed, from the public memory. Batches of customers were considerable impetus, and dashed against the buffers is already piped in duplicate by two rival companies (the handed over by one water company to another, not merely protecting the wall, two of the carriages being raised Lambeth and the Southwark-and-Vauxhall), which, never- without their consent, but without even the civility ot a completely on end, and almost shivered to pieces by theless, forbear to compete against each other, and have notice. Old tenants of the New Kiver Company, who had tho concussion. The scene which ensued was most an understanding for the maintenance of their excessive taken their water for years, and had been their thick-and- rates. If any argument were necessary to show the futi- thin supporters through the battle, found themselves un- lamentable, and almost baffles description , the screams lity of an attempt gratefull turned over—without previous of mothers for their children being mingled with the to reduce rates, by enforcin g the need- y explanation—to ^ less expenditure of another million sterling (at least) on drink the ' puddle' supplied by the Grand Junction Com- cries and groans of the wounded. The news of the duplicate and triplicate pipes, it might be found in the pany. The abated rates were immediately raised, not calamity soon spread through the town, and the con- following account (taken from, merel the Times journal) of the y to the former amount, but to charges from 25 fusion was increased b the hundreds ot people who companies' competition with rival ipes in 1810-17 and of to 400 per cent, more than they had been before y p , the Superintendent Cars- the disastrous consequences of the struggle, not only to the competition.* The solemnly-promised high service was crowded into the station. Mr. companies themselves, but ultimately also to the public :— suppressed, or made the pretext for a heavy extra well, with a party of the county constabulary, was measures for " ' In 1810 , a water mania, like our recent railway charge. Many people had to regret ' selling their soon on the spot, and resorted to active mania, suddenly broke out; and the princi le of competi- force-pumps as old lead,' or fixing water-closets on their the extrication of the injured, four of whom were p upper floors tion, to which the Legislature had all along looked for the , on the faith of these treacherous contractors. found to be quite dead, and some 20 or 30 seriously Those who had fitted up their houses with pipes, in re- protection of the public, was put upon its trial. Two injured. powerful companies liance on the guarantee of ' unremitting pressure ' found , which had been several years occupied A special engine was despatched to Manchester im- in obtaining their Acts and setting up their machinery, themselves obliged, either to sacrifice the first outlay, or a now took the field;—one, the West Middlesex attacking to expend on cisterns and their appendages further sums, mediately after the accident for Mr. Hall, the p ssenger , vary the old monopolists on their western flank ; the other the ing from 10/. or 20/. up to 50/., and even, in many superintendent, who arrived - at three o'clock on Tues- , cases East London, invading their territory from the opposite , 100/. When tenants thus unhandsomely dealt by day. After a careful investigation of the circum- quarter. At tho same time a band of dashing Manchester expressed their indignation and demanded redress, they were stances, Mr. Hall is of opinion, that had the points speculators started the Grand Junction Company with a 'jocosely' reminded by smiling secretaries that the been properly attended to, the accident would not have flaming prospectus, and boldly flung their i competition was over, and that those who were dissatisfied p pes into the instantl very thick of the tangled network which now spread in With the companies' supplies were quite at liberty to set occurred. The pointsman (John Parker) was y up pumps of their every direction beneath tho pavement of the hotly-con - own.' arrested. tested streets. " Thus, as in political affairs, Anarchy invariably leads OVERCROWDED STEAMBOATS. " ' These Grand Junction men quite astonished the town to Despotism, so, in commerce, Subversive Competition by the magnificence of their promises. 'Copious streams' always ends its disorderly and ruinous course in Monopoly, While the doors of the Court of Aldermen were closed which (whether of water derived, by the medium of the Grand Junction avowed or tacit, individual or collective) is on Tuesday, for the purpose of discussing a matter of but Despotism in a lower sphere. Canal, from the Rivers Colnc and Brent—' always pure some importance connected with the magistracy of the and fresh , because always corning in' " The cure for these evils lies in tho Competitive —' high service, free city of London, of extra charge'—above all, ' unintermittent supply, so Contract-system, which brings competition to bear for, that customers may do without cisterns ;' —such were a instead of in, tho field of supply.; so as to obviate the Alderman Wilson brought forward, with the unani- few of the soductivo allurements hold out by these inter- reckless multiplication of establishments, and capitals, mous approbation of the Court, tho motion— lopers to tempt deserters from the enemy's camp. and staffs, for tho perfomanco of a service for which " That it be referred to the Committee for General Pur- ono would suffice. The evidence cited shows that tho poses to appoint an inspector of steamboats plying for hire " ' The West Middlesex Company, in its opening circu- water companies might bo bought out lars, also promised unlimited , so as to clear between Gravesend and Westminster-bridge, to ascertain ' supp lies' td the very ' house- tho way for tho consolidation of the water supp tops,' of water ' clear and bri ht from tho ly with tho the number of passengers carried at different times on g gravelly bottom drainage and other connected sanitary services of the Thames, thirteen miles above London Brid , under a board such boats, and to take such measures thereon to ge.' The public authority, responsible to tho rate-payers throug East London was not behind-hand with tho trumpet ; and h prevent tho overcrowding thereof as to tho committee may Parliament, and charged to supervise the due execution appear advisable." its ' skilful' directors, by paying dividends in rapid succes- of the works b sion out of capital y contractors competing freely, on open He referred to the act of the 14th and 15th Victoria, , raised their 100/. shares to tho enormous tender, in tho public market premium of K10/. before thoy ; a system obviously calcu- c. 71), passed expressl to prevent that which was dail had well got their machinery lated to secure for the y y into play. Meanwhile tho South ])ublic the best possible service at London (or Vauxhali) tho lowest possible rates. By empowering taking place on the Thames, to the imminent danger Company was started (in 1805) on tho other side of the such an autho- rity to buy the companies out in full, with money of life to all who, for business or pleasure, ventured on river, with a view to wrest from its old rulers the watery borrowed at A' or A' y per cent., wo should come into possession of board. A person who embarked at Westminster, when dominion of tho south. The war was not, however, carrieil their works ai. an annual charge for interest , less by nearly there appeared to be moderate room, might be so on in very royal sort ; for , as the t ravelling mountebank two-fifths thftn our present annual payment to the com- jammed in a crowd drives six-in-nand through a country town to entice the panies. B pick ed up before the vessel quitted ing provincials to his booth y consolidating tho nine establishments thus gap , so these wafer jugglers acquired, London-bridge, as not to be able to move, and, were it wont round tho streets of London wo should save more than half the present work- , throwing up rival jets- ing costs ; and h not for the fresh breeze of the river, scarcely able to (Teau from theif mains to prove the y the further consolidations referred to alleged superiority of above, ines, for which this first one would prepare tho ground, breathe, for it wa.s no uncommon sight to behold 300 their eng and to captivate the fancy of hesitating cus- we should still tomers. more reduce our annual charges, imd still or 400 persons all huddled together in the fashion of more improve our sanitary condition. "'The Now Kiver Company, thus put, oxen, and sheep, and pigs, in tha t market, the name of upon its mettle, " Such is the co urse implied in the boldl y took up the gauntlet. It creeled new forcing formula of Kan ita uy which would be soon merely historical. \Hy the fifth en- CONSOLIDATIO N HT UUCTU ItA I, AND A gines, changed its remaining wooden p i pes for iron , l>M J NIHTHAT1 Vii ; a section of the act , more luminous and pregnant princi le laid down b , the Hoard of Trade was required to than doubled its consumption of coals, reduced its charges p y tho Health , of Towns Commissioners under Sir Robert furnish to the owners and masters of steam-vessels cer- augmented its supplies, issued a contemptuous rejoinder Peel, embodied lo in the Health Act under Lord John Itussell tificates of the number or passengers each vessel was con - its adversaries, anil, appealing as an old servant , and adopted ' ' to the as their guiding-rule b the Sanitary public for support , y Party. It is for structed to carry, and by the 12th, the owner or muster engaged in a war of extermination. Parliament, to consider whether , by rejecting t his course, of a steam-vessel became liable to a jiennlty of 2,01. f or " ' For seven years the battle raged incessantly. The and adopting in its stead tho fragmentary arrangements carry ing a greater number of passengers combatants sought (and openly avowed it) not their own proposed in Lord John Muiiners's bill , thoy will disavow than the num- profit, but, their rivals' ruin. Tenants wore taken on and reverse a principle thus sanctioned by our ablest ber stated in the certificate,*' and a penalty of 5.v. for almost any forms. Plumbers were bribed to tout, like modern statesman, deliberately affirmed b y tho three every passenger above the number specified. 1 Ic thought omnibus ends, f or custom. .Such was ilio rage for mere brunches of the Legislature in (.he Health Act now working the enforcement of the penalty on only one steamboat numerical conquest, thai, a line of ipes would bo often so well, p and unanimously adopted b y tho Party which would produce such a panic among tho owners of the driven down a long street to servo one now customer at. especiall y devotes itself to sanitary affairs. , craft , that, very little, more would be heard about over- t.he end. Arrears remained uncollected lest offence should " Should Parliament adop t so unfortunate a course, it, ( crowded steamboat*, on the river Thames. It, was to bo given and influence impaired. ,iiprieious tenants will become the duty of the Sunifury Association plainl y be apprehended that amused themselves by changing from ono main to another, and persoveringly to denounce their inconsistency ; fo the act, like many other acts in- as they might taste this or thai, tup of beer. The more appeal from (heir second to their first decision ; and to tendeikfor the public good , remained almost useless in citizens rel ing on tho good faith of the public credulous , y ' demand on behalf of tho public, tho ro-aflirmatioii of tho consequence of the difficulties in the way of proving servants' (tin thoso once powerfu l water-lords now humbl y onl y line sanitary policy, the policy of (V.nnoli oatioN." and enforcing the the called themselves), wore simpletons enough, on the strength penalties, for by another clause of their promises, fo abandon their wells, to sell oil parties aggrieved could not complain or lay the infor- their force-pumps, nnd io erect water-closets or baths in A Dr. Kerrison , for example, gave evidence that his mation. That necessary proceeding must he carried tho upper stories of their houses. Iu man y streets there rate bud been raised by tho G rand .Function Company into effect by a person appointed by the Hoard of Trade, were throe lines of water-pipes laid down, involving tri ple from Ml. to si\ guineas and a half ; ami that his next-door and flint was the reason lie wished an inspector to be leakage, tri le interest on cupit .i , (ri le administrative neighbour' p p s had been advanced from Ml. (o seven guineas ! appoint ed, as the Hoard of Trade would doubtless gladly charges, tri ple pumping and storage costs, and a tri le Mr. Ilulehel t , the hotcl-koepor in Piccadill y, had his rate p empower such oflicer to enforce fhe clauses of this im- army of turncocks—tho whole affording a loss effective raised, without notice, from (W. to f wonty-fivo guineas per supply than would have resulted from a single well-ordered annum ; his supply being at tho same time so greatl portant act. If he should fail in that proj ect he would ' y service. In this desperate strugglo vast sums of money diminished that ho was obliged to sink a well tfOO fool. be prepared to lay liefore tho committeo rules and by- were Hunk. Tho recently-oatabli»hod companies worked at doon for tho ucrvicc of his cofioo-rooiu. laws for the rogulution of tho river, passed by tho Court to the act in question, many gazines, and pamphlets by post, at the low rates adopted Carr to the Colonial Secretary, describing the effects of of Aldermen, antecedently * been inserted in the act. The for inland carriage of these articles, to the settlements of the gold discoveries upon the colony. of which clauses had Australia. This would be a considerable boon both to Great excitement existed on Monday the 28 th of June by law required every steamboat to have a authors and to tleir , second English colonial readers, and would in New York, in consequence of the decision to be given the number of personsit should be tend to strengthen licence expressing the intellectual ties which connect the by Commissioner Bridgman, in the United States Court, permitted to carry, such number to be legibly painted fortunes of the mighty continent with those of the little in which Thomas Kain was claimed under the Extradition island. on the paddlebox, according to the plan of informing Treaty by England, on the charge of having attempted to of omnibuses of the fares and murder afanner in Ireland. A rescue had been threatened the public on the doors Count Cavour , , ex-Minister of Finance in Sardinia, has and the court Booms and nei hbourhood were crowded accordin g to the travelling regulations of these been in Brussels g numbers , on his way to London. with Irishmen. The commissioner was not to be intimi- under the penalty of 61. for every trip in which vehicles, The King and Queen of Sweden were expected to arrive dated howeve*, and he decided that Kain should be given y-law , the offence should be committed. The third b at Berlin in the course of the week, oh their way to the Up — decision subject to the power of the Secretary of fixed the space which each passenger should have— baths of Kissengen. ; State to issue his warrant of extradition. The prisoner namely, four superficial feet of the deck, to be measured The cholera is reported to be raging not only at Kalisch was not brought into court, and his counsel addressed the and Sieradz but in tho districts l ing at the mouths of the the gunwales, and the master or manager was , y multitude of Irish, telling them that the law must bo within Vistula in Russia. In some of the villages on the Prussian to pay a fine of 40*. for every passenger obeyed ; they were ready to do all that could be done for compellable frontier also tJits terrible malady has appeared. then* client, and in case the decision was adverse to him, the number specified. The eighth sec- over and above Whilst the Ring of Prussia and the Empress of Russia they would sue. out a . habeas corpus, but that if there was tion regulated the speed at the rate of six miles per were at Coblentz, a butcher presented them with » sausage the slightest disturbance' made they would abandon tho hour with the tide, and four miles an hour against it. thirteen feet long, containing all sorts of sausage meat, and case altogether." By the ninth section it was provided that any person terminated with a pig's head. Their Majesties laughed e at the strangeness of the ift, but kindly accepted it. navigating a, vessel at a furious and dangerous rate of h artily g The Emperor of Austria left Pesth on the 6th, by the speed, or wilfully, negligently, or carelessly causing in- HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK. railroad, for Waiteen, from which place he would continue The week that ended last Saturday brought a consider- to any person or property, should forfeit 101. Now, jury his journey by the common road to Vienna, where he will able accession to the mortality of London, which rose hi her " and such by-laws, and with the sup- g with such an act receive the King and Queen of Saxony, after which he will than it had been in the 11 weeks preceding. In the week port and assistance of his brother magistrates, he had return to Hungary. . ending July 3, with a mean temperature of 59.7 deg. the no fear , if they would grant the motion of which he deaths registered were 987 ; in last week, ending July 10, had given notice, of the abatement of so intolerable a The Liverpool Albion says that the election for that city with a mean temperature . of 70.9 deg., they were 1,080, 100. nuisance. (Hear.) cost the Derbyites 23,000?. and the Free-traders 4000?. I showing an increase of nearly In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 18-12-51, Laurie said he had much leasure in second- A labouring man was killed on Friday last by a sun- Sir P. p the average number of deaths was' 889 , which, with a 1 stroke, while working in a nursery-ground at Wandsworth. in" the motion, the object of which was of such pal- correction for increase of population, will be 978. The pable use as not to require discussion. A policeman named Slaney has been found guilty of present return, therefore, shows a mortality greater than ' Mayor thanked Alderman Wilson for " wilful murder" by a coroner s jury at Liverpool. He is the estimated amount by 102 . The average temperature The Lord accused of having beaten a woman until she died. having brought forward so important a question, and of the corresponding weeks was 62 deg. From these facts An attempt is now being made to raise the Duchess of it seems reasonable to draw the inference, that a sudden, iven such strong assurances of applying for having g iKent sunk in the collision with the Ravensbourne. increase of heat above the average, to the amount of 9 himself to the correction of the dangerous evil. There have been two collisions on the river. The Star, degrees, has shortened the lives of more than 100 persons. The motion was then carried unanimously, and doing duty for the Duchess of Kent, was fouled by a brig, Still, comparing the facts of the last two weeks, it ap- Alderman Wilson said that he would call the com- but no lives were lost," A steamer ran down a shallop near pears that there is an increase in the epidemic class, mittee into'active business forthwith. . Blackfriars-brid ge, and three lives were lost. arising partly from scarlatina, and partly from a greater Some boys were playing on the barges near Southwark- prevalence of diarrhoea ; that diseases of the brain and 131 while those THE DANGER OF BATHING bridge on Sunday. One, named Monkhouse, a little fellow, nervous Bystem numbered in both returns , slipped into the river. Instantly James Smith, one of his of the digestive organs rose from 59 to 74, and those of the As long as we can remember, the Serpentine hasbeenknown companions, only ^en years old, gallantly leaped in after respiratory organs from 91 to 122. This important increase as a dangerous bathing-place. Yet nothing has been done, him ; but the current carried him under the barges and he in the last-mentioned class is due to a greater fatality of always excepting the adniirable arrangements of the Hu- was drowned. A,boatn\an saved Monkhouse. bronchitis and inflammation of the lungs among children, died in the previous week mane Society to prevent drowning. The following story y on charges of having for while only 39 of the young Two cases of men given into custod the last. is only ope among many illustrative of thfc fact above booths were heard b Mr. of those diseases, they carried off 63 in personated voters at the polling y of Jul the son of a stated. h Court Manchester on Saturday. In the York-road, on the 5th y, Maude, at the Boroug , , ascites and albuminuria An inquest was held on Tuesday, by Mr. Bedford, at the Wednesday and Thursday, gardener, aged 7 years, died of " As in the two cases heard on " Three fatal cases of scarlatina Malpas Arms, Charles-street, (xrosvenor-scpiare, on the the accusers were unable to produce sufficient evidence and supervening on scarlatina. , and another member of it ia body of Timothy Conner, aged 34, who was drowned on arrest had to 51. to the have occurred in this family, the persons who directed the pay making inquiry (says Mr. Sunday morning in the Serpentine. The witnesses proved accused. not expected to live. " On that Conner had swam half-way across when he suddenly Child) respecting the drainage, I find that the cea.spools called for help, and went down into the deep mud beneath. Out of three truck loads of cattle on the Great Western empty themselves into the front of tho houses, and there, It was nearly twenty minutes before he could bo got up Railway, two of the animals were struck dead by lightning, the refuse lies for want of a proper sewer to carry it away. b s men. Mr. Williams, the on Monday afternoon, not very far from. Swindon. What Having had an interview with the landlord upon the sub- y the Royal Humane Society' that oup. superintendent of the Society, stated that, observing the renders it remurkablo is, animal only in each of je ct, I am told " that he has made several applications to and five or six animals in each es- drags were out he instantl got a hot bath in readiness ; two trucks was struck, the Commissioners of Servers, and has paid heavy rates , y killed in one of the trucks when tho body was brought in, it was black with the mud caped uninjured. The animal since they have have had the matter in thoir hands, yet he the cows escap injury ; and in tho other over the head to the waist, where he had been fixed. He was a bull, ing cannot get assistance in any way. was quite dead. Throo boats were on the river, and there truck it was a bull or au ox that was killed. Twenty-four deaths occurred last week from small-pox ; were about 12,000 persons in the water. The Juror : A poor man was killed a few days ago by the falling of two of these in tho Smallpox Hospital. Then three boats aro not sufficient ?—Mr. Williams : No, a balcony attached to a newly-built house in Denbigh- nor would six be. It is impossible for the boatman to see place, Pimlico. We have before now drawn attention to what, is going on. Tho Coroner : Tho Serpentine, I have the dangerous state in which balconios are often left. It BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. bottoms for balconies should have understood, is a most dangerous place to batho in ?—Mr- ia desirable that stone BIRTHS. Williams replied it was tho most dangerous in the world. cantilevers, however sufficient tho tailing in may bo, for On tho 9th inst., at Holly-grove, Windsor-park, tho Lady There were holes thirty foot deep, and then twelve feet of fear of flaws in tho stono. Many of tho iron balconies Emily Seymour : a daughter. mud, out of which tho best swimmer could never get. that are put up arc little better than nailed to a brick On tho 10th histant , at Kirkby-Mallory, Leicestershire, tho There were cold springs too, in all parts.—Tho jury ro- wall. The paragraph is from the Builder, and deserves Hon. Mrs. Colvilo : a son. , On tho 11th instant, the Viscountess Jocolyn : a son. t timed n verdict of accidentally drowned. attention. The body of a young woman was found in tho Thames, MARRIAGES. near the West India Docks, on Monday. In tho pocket oi On tho 6th inst., tho Rev. Henry Cadwallador Adams, follow MISCELLANEOUS dalen College, Oxford »nn oV Mr. Serj eant. Adams, to her dress was tho following letter :—" Dear Aunt,—Will of Mag ^ Lord John Russell arrived in Edinburgh from London toll Bill Barrot ho was tho cause of it. Do for Esther Pell , second daughter of tho lato Rev. Richard Edmonds, you go and rector of Woodleigh, Duvon. on Monday night, and left tho next morning for Minto- (Jod sake, and ask him if ho did not take his oath that ho house On the 10th inst., at Trinity Church, 1. uddingtou, Lewis .1. , Roxburghshire.—Scotsman. would marry mo. Give my lovo to tho boy, and toll him Serjeant , Esq., to Elizabeth Soaloy , youngest daughter of Mr. Cardwell, according to the Liverpool Times, intends that ho is aware what Parrot has done to mo. Remember l'hilip Rarnes, Esq., of .Norwich. lo recruit hia health on tho Continent. mo to mother and father, and tell thorn I am no more. On tho HM.h inst., at St. Paul's, 'Knig htt.hriilgo , Iho Ri ght. Mademoiselle Clauss, tho now famous pianist, played Farewell aunt and uncle, for I am gone away and fast Hon. Henry Labouchere, M.P., to Lady Mary Howard , daugh- , and »iftte>r of the present Earl of Carlisle. before tho Quoen at Osborno H ouso 'yesterday—an honour asleep. It was bad company that, caused mo to bo bore. ter of the Into "ho well deserved. On the 18th inst., at St. James's, Piccadill y, by tin. Hon. and Aunt, keo\) this letter, nnd do not forget me, for I will eomo Rov . Latimer Neville, tho Hon and Rev. Arthur Havilo , youngest Two other aspirants for immortality, tired by tho doings to you, but*do not bo afraid of me. 1' ray tell Drake 1 will , to the Hon. Lucy of son of tho Ifiarf of Moxhoroug h Oeorgina Mr. Albert Smith, havo ascended Mont Blanc. Thoy conic to him, and also that I did not forget, tho hand and Neville , third daug h ter of Lord Hray brooUo. aro niimod respectively Mr. .1 . I). II. Browne, and Mr. but ho did not lovo me, for his heart word. 1 lovod him, DKATHH. A lfred Goodall, " of tho Engineers." was false. Farewell aunt and Fanny too, for 1 am no On the 22nd of A pril , at, Rangoon , in India, from tho ofTeefat flie price of admission fo tho Cork N ational Exhibition more. If is in tho deep that you will find me. No more aunt of cholera, in hid 2(it h year, John Willoug hby Hatoman , Ksq., being now reduced to Od., it is visited daily by an average for ever—no more—no more. Aunt , , my heart ! Lieutenant in Her Majesty 's 51st lteginie.nl of Li ght Infantry, corteo urso of ..000 persons. Aunt, remember mo, and think, when I am fast asleep and third son of Richard Thomas Hatoniun , Ksij ., of llui'tinglon-ha ll, A society has boon formed at. Nowcasflc-on-Tyno of coal (lie fishes aro watching round tho body of Hannah Roach. .Derbyshire. owners, v iewers and others interested in collieries to moot of Kilbaven town. Remember mo to all my companions, Ou the '.2(11 li ult., at Utica , in the State of New Yorlc , after n , , very few hours illnesn , while on a tour lo the Kails of Niagara , nt. fixed times to discuss tho means for tho ventilation of (hat 1 may bo a warning to young girls novor to lovo an accompanied by his family, Hear-Admiral Ral ph Randol ph collieries, for preventing accidents, aiut for general pur- ICnglisbman as I havo done. Farewell." An impicst Was of to her friends could bo Wonnefey, aged (f|,h of .Jul y; thoy will end ou tho Mist of August. had destroyed herself, but there was no evidence how who Middlesex , second son of Ihe lute .Lord (Jeorge Murray, anil Whe n fhe suasion ro-ojions, several now special classes will camo into the water. The jury returned a verdict of found grandson of the Dttlc n of Atholl . commence drowned. Tho dccotisod was pregnant. On the 7th inst., at Mouth WraxHll-hoime , Wills , in her U7t.li thoir courses at Marlhorough-houso ; and among year, Anne , widow of the Into M . Charles I 'Viineois de liollcvillo , tliein w i|| {„, clitHM cs for (diina painting, «!hroilholithograpby, A return to tho H ouse of Commons, which has boon of l.olleville , in the Pays de (!uux , Normandy, und also relict of and perhaps chasing of metals. Tho M useum of Orna- printed, stat es that 7 vessels convoying emigrants, both (lie tale Wudo Toby Oaullleld , of Raheentluil', Qiiceu ' rt County, mental Manufactures will also re-opim, both fo tho public unassisted aud in Government ships, sailed from tho United I reland, h'sq. and us a pfiu-o of stud y, on certain days of tho week. Kingdom for Now South Wales in- tho 7 months ending On the lll.ii inst., at, IIH , New Hoiid-streel , Ceor/jo Adams, " the same period in 1H4!> ICmp, Into Physiciuii-Oonoral 11. K. 1 .CM ., Madrtm. erhnpa the largest amount of prolif obtained under any April tho :W)th , DHB ; MM in ; 14. residence in Hiyanston- one patent tho (J months .On the llili ins!., aged BI , at his is that, derived from tho famous American in l Hf>0, fi in l HfS l , and 27 in ending .Mi st, Huuaro, Uenerid (lie Hon . Robert Meade, son of the lirst Karl " VVoudworth" planing machine. During iho twenty-four March , I Bfiii. Nino nailed for V ictoria during the sumo Olanwill'nim. yours tho pat out lias boon in exist, once, onooffhopartnerH bus months in 1H4 H , lit! in 1H41), Mt in 1860, 11 in 1HF.1 , Ml in On the I I Hi inst. , uf Now-p laeo, Ml. Jolin 's-wood , in his MOth received AMii,MCiOl., another nearly tho huiiio amount, and a 18fi2. ' For South Australia, H in 1817, f) in .1848, ;M, j« year, Hir Kroderick Hcilb y Watson , K.K.H , and K .C lI., formerly third a very largo sum. Tho first named is now in recei pt 1840, 81 iu 1H0O, 17 in 1851 , and B) in lHCi'2. Tho balance 'M loiter of the Household to their Majestica OoOrgo IV., mid her present Majesty. of one dollar j>()1. on(, thousand feot, planed in ono hundred of the sums in tho hands of tho Emigration Commissioners William IV. , i'uIIm , (-ach On the I lth inst., at Ilcrcchuich-hall , Sir Ooorgo Henry ot which turns out ton fhuunund loot. p«r day. from Now South Wales amounts to (.1,000 .'. •, fVom Victoria, (IH , formerly M. P. lor Colchester. 1 Iio Athcnrtum Htuy l.li , Hurt., ajfed understands (hat arrangements are in to ia7,y

serve for each county, riding, and place, aad the app ear ed in our Second Edition LYME BEGIS. numbers fTkef ollowing ~ so fixed as aforesaid shall be transmitted to the ioeeh. respective of last \ Pinney (Liberal) 145 lieutenants of the said counties, riding*, and places f y - 126 roxa. Hornb time to time, and notice of the same shall be published in Ijnatomfri MARLOW. the London Gazette, and the numbers so from time to Williams (Derbyite) - 242 time appointed hy her Majesty shall be fche quotas of the laces until Knox (Derbyite) - 198 several counties, ridings, and p other quotas are Saturday, Jul 10. appointed in like manner." y Bell - - 96 , , y, with the advice of her THE GENERAL ELECTION. NEWARK. Now therefore her Majest Privy Council, is pleased to ascertain and fix the numbpr LONDON. HAiF-FAST ONE of militia men who shall, until other quotas shall be fixed Vernon (Derbyite) - 484 in like manner, serve for each count riding, and RETUBys still con tinue to pour in. In Westminster, y, place Sutton (Derbyite) - 412 to the several numbers specified in the schedule Finsbury, and Southwark, the official declarations were according Turner - - 305 hereunto annexed, and amounting in the whole to 80, made yesterday, and are as follows :— and which said schedule her Maj esty is pleased000 NEWPORT (ISLE OF WIGHT). men, to WESTMINSTER. direct shall be taken as part of this order, and that this Biggs (Liberal) - 302 Shelley - - - - 4199 order, with the schedule thereunto annexed, be published Massey (Liberal) - 301 London 6-azette, and be transmitted to the Evans ....3756 ^ in the respec- Plowden - 252 tive lieutenants of the said counties, , and. places, Maidstone ....3373 ridings Martin . 252 in order that they should proceed upon the same in pur- ham - - - 1716 Bunnefi of the directions of the said Act of Parliament. Coning PLYMOUTH Shelley and Evans elected. Wm. L. Bathxjbst Mare (Derbyite) 1036 SCHEDULE ABOVE KKBE KKJ -D TO. FINSBUBY. Collier (Liberal) 1004 Militia Meh" to be Raised in Mr. Thomas Slingsby Duncombe 6678 [loud cheers.] Braine 906 Quotas of the several Counties, Ridings, and Places in England and Wales. Mr. James Wyld - - - 2010 [cheers] Escott 372 Mr. Thomas Challis, Alderman 7504 [cheers& hisse s] EOCHDALE. Number Number Total o be Challis and Duncombe elected. Miall (Radical) t be to Numbe 529 raised raised To be r SOUTHWARK. Ramsey 375 in 1852. in 1853 . raised. Sir W. Molesworth - - - 3941 ROCHESTER England. Mr. Apsley Pellatt - - - 3887 Villiers (Derbyite) 584 Bedford 345 210 555 Mr. G. Scovell - - - 2909 Maddock (Derb yite) 581 Berks . 483 295 Molesworth and Pellatt elected. Bernal 514 777 Bucks 466 283 749 ENGLAND AND WALES. Hodges 507 Cambridge 520 316 836 STOCKPOET Chester ...... 774 There have heen contests at the following places :— 1275 2049 Kershaw (Liberal) - 725 Cornwall, exclusive of the Stannaries 460 AND OVER. Smith 757 1217 (Liberal) 622 The Stannaries . . . 225 Cuhitt (Derbyite) - - - 140 137 362 He.ald Cumberland 545 331 Coles (Derbyite) - - - 121 549 876 TEUBO. y 851 516 Curling Derb 1367 20 Vivian (Derbyite) 183 Devon, exclusive of the BATH. Vivian (Liberal) 178 Stannaries . . . . . 1473 894 2367 Scobell (Liberal) - - - 1274 Smith - 172 The Stannaries (see Phinn (Liberal) - - - 1243 Cornwall). WELLS. Dorset 506 Whateley ....1197 308 814 Purday (Derbyite) 187 Durham 1096 666 1762 BARNSTAPLE. Hayter (Liberal) - 175 Essex ...... 1049 1686 Frazer (Derb - - ¦ - 406 637 yite) Kinglake - 101 Gloucester 1240 753 1993 (Derb - - 393 Hereford 538 Bremridge yite) "WEYMOUTH 335 203 Ebrington - - • - 333 Hertford 477 289 766 Butt (Derbyite) - 392 don . . . . . BRIDGNORTH. Hunting 184 112 296 Freestun (Liberal) 341 l\.ent ••...... 1618 982 2600 Witmore (Derbyite) - 442 Oswald ...287 Lancaster 5628 3418 9046 Pigot (Derb ite) - - - 360 y WHITBY. Leicester 650 395 1046 .... Cadogan 284 3I A.LP-IA.ST TWO Lincoln 1174 712 1886 Middlesex exclusive of the BRISTOL. Stephenson (Liberal) 212 , y of London and Tower HALF-PAST ONE. Phipps ...108 Cit Berkeley Hamlets . . . 1942 5139 (Liberal) - - - 3593 Midhurst has elected Mr. Wal without a contest 3197 pole City of London 600 * 600 Langton (Liberal) - - - 3510 Thetford in like manner returns the Larl of Euston Tower Hamlets 1442 2318 M'Geach - - - - 2910 876 y and Mr. Francis Baring, both willing to accept Free- Monmouth . . . 467 283 750 Norfolk .... BODMIN. trade. Banbury returns Mr. Tancred, the old member, 1224 744 1968 ton . . 606 368 Mitchell (Derbyite) - - - 173 unopposed ; , Neeld and Goddarcl; Wolver- Northam p 974 Savillc Crieklade Northumberland . 834 1340 (Libcrui) - - - 157 ton, Villiers and Thorneley ; Liskeard, Mr. 606 hamp Nottingham . . 761 462 1223 Henderson - - - - 149 Crow dor ; Warcham, Mr. Drux ; Radnor, Sir F. Lewis; Oxford .... 481 292 Whitelmrst - - - - 83 773 Pembroke, Sir John Owen ; E , Sir E. Kerrison ; Rutland .... 68 41 109 Carr 65 ye Walsall, Mr. Forster ; Hclstonc, Sir It. Vivyan ; all Salop 658 400 1058 Somerset.... BOSTON. uncontested. 1211 735 1946 Cabbell (Opposition) - - 489 Southampton 1080 656 1736 SCOTLAND Stafford Hcathcotc (Derbyite) - - 535 1784 1083 2867 AUEKDEEN. Suffolk 577 1526 Himkey -----436 1 )4! ) HAW-PAST ON E. Surrey 18 2 1125 Hnnkcv, T. - 146 5 2977 Thompson (Liberal) - 603 Sussex 945 573 1518 I.l'RY. Sir A. L. Hay - 435 Warwick 1336 812 2148 s o Peel (Liberal) - 472 GLASGOW. We tm reland 167 102 269 725 441 1166 Duncan -----410 Has tic (Liberal) - 3212 Wilts Worcester 789 478 1267 CHELTENHAM. Macgregor (Liberal) - 3142 York (east riding) . . . .Berkeley (Liberal) - - - 999 ... 608 369 977 Blackburn - 1683 York (notb riding and city) 733 445 1178 Jones -----8 G9 KiUKAiiiyy.—Colonel Ferguson, unopposed York (west riding) . . . .1700 2284 6 (>14 VVAl.UB COCKEKMOUTH. LEITH. A nglcsey Wyndham (Tory) - - - 160 Moiu-riefl' 159 97 256 Moneriefl (Liberal) - - 640 Brecon . . A (Liberal) - - - 154 178 108 286 glionby Henderson ...... 406 a gan . 114 301 lI0rsma.11 - 147 C rdi 187 Monthobk.—Mr. Hume, unopposed. Carmarthen . . 302 184 4-86 COLCHEHTKK. 1' ekth.—Mr. A. Kemiaird, unopposed. Carnarvon . 241 147 388 Hawkins (Derby ite) - - - 686 Denbigh . . 269 163 432 Milliners (Derby ite) - 620 TILE MILITIA. Flint .... 197 110 316 Glamorgan . . Hardcastle - 473 (From hud, night's Gazette.) 676 410 1086 Merioneth . . Court at Bucking 110 66 176 Prim-op 98 At the ham Palace, tho 30th day of June, M ontgomery 1 8(32 194 118 312 CATKrtHKAD. , present , the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Pembroke . . c , 239 145 384 II 11ft (Liberal)- - - - 270 Coun il Radnor . . . Wheri'iiH b c , paused in tho last session of Purlin- 74. 45 119 I /iddell 190 y an a t men!, intituled "An Act to Consolidate mid Amend (lie Total . Walters 136 50,000 10,000 80,000 Law relating fo the Militia in Kngland," it is amongst other things enacted HAHTINCS. , that " it hIulII be law fu l for her Mu- Ah Caplinn Robins, governor of the M Iiy iii ui witli (.lie advice ( Robertson (Derby ite) - - 504 j<' .*y» of her Privy Olllll ll, lo was returning lroin a short excursion on the water on raise, and, from time fo lime, to keen imy number ikiI Hrisco (Derb y if, •) - - - 487 up, Thursday, in company with Mrs. Itobirm and another Jud ' ' exceeding HO.OO e a e , to nerve for tho sovo- y, Warn------482 O privat militi m n lie suddenl y fell down in Uie nfroot, and abiioHt imme- rnl iDiiiiticH , ridings, and places required by tho tberein diately expired. Locke 382 first-recited act, o a se , 50,000 of whom iniiy t r i militia * bo Yesterday moaning, about two o'clock a fire a e KNAKK HHOUOUOH. raised in the year 1852 , and .'$0,0 in the year 185;i :" , , t tend d with ii considerable loss of propert and unfortunately And it is thereby provided "flint if it, shall happen that y, Westheiul (Liberal) - - - 713 with tho loss of one life, happened on the premises be- the number of men to be raised in either of such years Dent (Liberal)- - - - 113 longing to Mr. VV. John won Nt. George'h e , St- nhull not be full y raised in the year in whiich the same is , tav rn Wood J 13 (Jcorgo's-st rcet, Commercial-rond-in-tho-Kiwil. The fhe appointed to lie raised, the number deficientf, may bo raised originated in the second floor from some cause not clearly Collins 107 as soon as may be I hereafter. ascertained, Mr. J ohnson at the time being mthyp -, l.KKl>8. Ami it irt thereby e e c e , a it shall be law- and furth r na t d th t " unable lo escape, lie wns afterwards rescued, , ho se- ¦ ¦ fill fo r her M ajest y, e ce e o n , but "G oodman (Kailical) - - 2344 with th advi of h r Privy C u cil e y burnt that he died shortl e o o forthwith, after the passing of thetbe Haidsaid actact., and afterwards v rel *y aft r being rem ved t Uaiiies (Whig) - - - 2311 the hospital. About five o'clock another destructive lh° o e to time iih occasion may appear to her Majesty Ifull 1132 fr m tim broke out in Princess-row, near I'riinroso-hill. ' to require, to ascertain and fix tiio nuinbi r of militiamen ^iihiey 108 9 who j-hiillj until other quotas ahull bo fixed in like manner. * Act of 1 Geo IV., c

t i . * I I i. I x 't tended and improved culture, rather than to the most constant allies, and that hopes of independence phantom of condemned Protection j if they were have been roused, and are thus kept alive, in Italy, to improve the tenure and facilitate the transfer which it is wholly out of the power of this country to *8 of land, provide agricultural statistics, enable and realize ? We are at a loss to discover any political encourage such associations both of landowners object whatever in this singular proceeding. It is and of working people, as are indicated by George perhaps as well that the spirit and effects of the policy ——? Pelsant Dawson, the influential Yorkshire land- pursued in Italy in 1848 should not be forgotten, for its consequences still affect our national character aud SATURDAY, JULY 17 , 1852. owner, and also by many of the working-classes —then they might really effect something to influence in many parts of Europe ; but we are more reduce the mass bf paupers, to better the condi- surprised that Lord Palmerston should seek to attract tion of the people. public attention to this subject than we are to find But why should they P The mass of the people that his late colleagues are anxious to repudiate their is only " vile rabble,- " and the electors, to whom share in such transactions." There is nothing so revolutionary, because there is exclusively such Ministers as Mr. Beresfor d look, "We are at a loss to discover any political object nothing so unnatural and convulsive, as the strain to will when all the world is bjr the very law reject men like Philip Pusey, because they whatever in this singular proceeding -." here peeps keep things fixed humbug called of its creation in eternal progress.—Da. Abhold. not longer profess the transparent out the uneasiness of the writer. Eor if a person Protection. Philip Pusey, who sets a practical so well informed were to take the trouble of look- THE MINISTRY DEFYING THE PEOPLE example to the farmers in the inevitable task, is ing only skin-deep beneath the surface, he would Berkshire, appeal to the freeholders, to the landowners, obliged to give up the contest for find no difficulty in discovering the motive. Let "I , s ising the " vile the clergy of .North Essex," cried Mr. while Protectionist Beresford de p us bear in mind two facts ; firs t, that throughout and to rabble," is elected. Beresford, on the hustings at Braintree, " who I 1848 Lord Palmerston evidently inclined to the will return me in spite of your brawls." It cannot, indeed, be very consoling for the six constitutional independence of northern Italy; am sure millions of disfranchised men, for the three mil- spoke one of her Majesty's Ministers to the secondly, that although Lord Palmerston could So lions of paupers disfranchised in the republic of assembled people, in reply to signs of his un- command for himself a position of great freedom industry, to be thus openly vilified .and despised and authority in the cabinet, there necessarily popularity ; and the reiteration of opprobrious ' towards the non-electors exciting increased by one of her Majesty s Ministers ; and if there were occasions on which the official manifestoes terms irit, it , he added—" I despise you from my heart, were any remains of generous English sp would be those, not of Lord Palmerston, but of uproar seems to us that it would have been scarcely safe, as the vilest rabble I ever saw." Major Beres - the Cabinet which shook him off. avows that he is " still a Protectionist" ; his for Ministers officiall y, or for their colleague per- Another class of facts should be noted. Lord ford to avow such monstrous dislike and con- guage proclaims that he is still a Tory ; and sonally, Palmerston might have abandoned that Ministry lan tempt towards the people of this country. But the people may see, by favour of his candour, how if he had chosen to adopt a self-seeking policy ; regard the bulk of the people— the non-electors and paupers, who form the bulk and there is no doubt that his abandonment of the Tories still be dis- e e rd all below " freeholders, land- of the English nation, are getting used to the Ministry would have been for them a far more how th y r ga and they take it as tamely as owners, and clergy." liked and despised, damaging form of separation, than his deliberate We are not so unjust as to suppose that all her a chivalrous Beresford could desire. awaiting of the sudden but long planned expul- Majesty's Ministers would disgrace themselves sion which Lord John Hussell ellected under the by this sort of pseudo-aristocratic Billingsgate. PALMERSTON AND THE FUTURE highest sanction. The contrast -of the spirit moving the two men might be brought down to One at least, we are sure, would not so violate The Times is turning its great influence and the decorum in the face of History, would not so this very day. Where was the cordial union best ability which it can command in columns so expected in London election between violate the spirit of the constitution, as to reco- often adorned by powerful writing, to combat to be statutable dis- the mover of the Jew Bill and the represen- gnise on the hustings the merely the position recently taken up by Lord Pal- tinction between electors and non electors j but tative of the Jewish question ? There may be a merston in foreign affairs , and it is making into the Mr. Disraeli, who would certainly know better, last speech that question as to the policy of sending a dead set to counteract the parliament a leading member of the house does not enjoy the full confidence of his party. he made in Parliament. That speech recognised British c , all things to all men, governments and Mr. Walpole, "who has been mystifying the the necessity of revising the political map of whi h electors of Midhurst by the most fanciful version peoples, subsidizes the party of order at Paris, and Europe, and especially of taking the next oppor- lies the sinews of despotism : of Eree-trade history, is more trusted by the from its subjec- at v ienna supp tunity to release northern Italy , through one of its members, lends fuel to Premier in party questions ; and Lord Derby, in tion to Austria. To meet the policy thus delicately which his place at the Mansion-house dinner table, has the ravages of Austro-Bussian armies, while it indicated, the Times advances two arguments, and lish landholder , to spoken against his own Chancellor of the Ex- cites offieial documents in support of those arti- deputes another, turned Eng chequer in his place in the House of Commons. illustrated b represent the principles of " civil and religious cles. The first argument is y an lish House of Commous. But However indiscreet Mr. Beresford may be, we extract from a despatch by Count Eicquelmont, liberty" in the Eng believe that in his ingenuousness ho does but Forei Affairs in there can be no question as to the spirit in which of the Austrian Minister of gn claims evades avow the true feelings tho Tory party, of March 1848 , in which the Count mentions the the professed advocate of Jewish which Lord Derby is the acknowledged head. the recognition of the advocate of those claims ambiguous conduct of England towards Austria , " The vile rabble" !—the phrase is opportunely as the reason for seeking the assistance of Russia on the common hustings. On tho other hand revived, just before the Derby Cabinet opens its in order to drive the Piedmontese army out of the city election might have presented Lord career in the Parliament elected under its own Lombardy. The second is the recognition of the Palmerston as tho rival of Lord John : Lord influence. The " vile rabble" thus " despised" Austrian power b the treaties of 1815 , supported Palmerston waa invited to stand, and he declined. consists of the non- y The one political object, which is very apparent by Mr. Beresford , avowedly by an extract from a despatch by Lord Palmer- electors ; who are not less avowedly disliked and ston in March 1849 , to this effect : in the discussion to which we have adverted, is sli hted b 's Minister. Six-sevenths tho recognition of tho broad palpable fact, that g y her Majesty declared of the population are non-electors. Of course " Her Majesty's Government have ao often although the treaties of 1815 are the admitted there can bo no extension of the suffrage under that they considered existing treaties—and more espe- basis of the political geogra phy of Europe, there Mr. Beresford colleagues. cially tho treaty of Vienna of 1815—as determining is not only no immutability in international laws, aad his oi' , that What Ministers do for the people at tho territorial rights the states of Europe but there is an inevitable necessit to revise that else may have expected that it could be y large P " The vile rabble" also must include tho they could scarcely political geography. We do not outer into three for thoy are non- necessary for them again to renew such a declaration ; the Lombard question in this place, because wo millions of paupers ; t,he*15ritish Government that electors ; and wo may ask what ia to be done for and certainly it is not reserve that for separate treatment, as part of Public affairs are can he charged with having forgotten or infringed the that great wholo wnich we are now them ? Nothing, wc suppose. ' discussing. a matter between the Beresford.. of high life aud stipulations of these treaties. Her Majesty s Govern- The political geography of 1815 must inovitabl can have no hesitation in say y iho freeholders , landowners, and clergy ; and the ment, however, ing that bo revised, because the circumstances of the three millions havo nothing to do with public they consider those treaties applicable to Austria, world are wholl different from those in 1815 ; as well as to those other terri- y affairs. Nor can they expect any thing from a Parma, and Modena, and any statesman who has the maintenance of tories in Europe to which the provisions of those Minister who dislikes and despises the non- constitutional government at heart, must contem- treaties relate." eleetoral class. What will Mr. Beresford and plate active measures, unless ho ia prepared to his colleagues do for them ? The force of these arguments must bo consi- abandon his principles. We will mention only Protection, to which Mr. Beresford adheres in dered as directed less against the possible future three of the great facts which crowd upon us to terms, and to which ho many of his colleagues policy of Lord Palmerston, which is, indeed , not establish this necessity. Under fhe treaties of evidently adhere in their hearts, will do nothing for discussed, than against Lord Palmerston himself; 1815, during a uuarfer of a century , it became tho rabble. Under "Free-trade , they have found and while they prove nothing ho little as the possible to extend fhe principle of constitutional more to cat and drink, " and they know the objections to the surmised policy of the most able government to several states of Europe, and reason why." There is, indeed, something that statesman of the day, the arguments prove notably to G reece, Spain , Belgium, and Portugal ; can bo dono for tiie groat body of the people, and nothing more distinctl y than the disquiet aronscd tho princi ple also being greatly fortified in that might be done by the Protectionists without in other coteries, probably clients of the Times, France. With tho exception of this lasteouid ry any breach of their princi ple. Philip Pusey has by the independent position of Lord Palmerston. the progress was effected mainly through the in- pointed out one part of it, in improved farming. "Of what advantage is if, now to remind the world fluence of England ; if, was sometimes supported Wo cannot go buck to Protection, he Hays, and that Lord Paliiierston had been employed for the pre- by her active co-operation in arms; and there is therefore we must go onward to better farming ! ceding twelve months in acting as if tliose treaties no ao doubt that her infl uence, even in its most Il a Government, consulting alike the true in- longer existed , and as if it, were physically impossible Bpoeifie form, derived much of its strength from. terests of landowners, farmers, and labourers, thaj . their territorial provisions could ho restored Y To Iho memories of A boukir and Trafalgar, of were to take a lead in tho encouragement of bettor what purpose does Lord I'nlnierston continue to amuse Torres Vedraa and Waterloo. In short, consti- agriculture—if they would give reproductive em- himself, at tbe close of the session of IHr.lS, in mapping tutional government advanced under the shield ployment to tho able bodieil poor, making if, thus out his kingdom of Northern I taly on an imaginary of England , so long as she was felt to bo formid- the interest of farmer and landowner to employ chart of Europe, when the only certain and positive able in liei Htrongth , in her resolution of rather purpose, than to chase those poor off the land ; if result of his exertions was that this country forfeited nnd in her energetic freedom. Of tho three thoy were to lend thoir official countenance to ex- ior u timo tho confidence and goodwill of ono of Hh principles, Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and Democracy, the two latter alone retained that tions of a " nice young man" were the necessary we do so in all kindness, for it is these abuses onward and aggressive spirit which is essential qualifications of a representative of important alone which can bring about the I3ehige it so to the full vitality of every doctrine. It is plain commercial and manufacturing interests. "I dreads. A system, of Landlordism, baBed on a that Lord Palmerston was inspired by that spirit will tell you what it is, young gentleman : my law of primogeniture, by which eldest sons are in full force during 1848, and indeed down to the predecessor here voted as your father told him spendthrift absentees, and younger sons Protec- time when he was ousted by colleagues, who to vote ; but he didn't pay his rent. I pay my tionist stewards, is a public, as well as a private think that constitutionalism can be maintained rent, and vote as I like." We cordially recom- wrong. It is condemned. in the conflict of the world by neutrality and mend this brief and significan t reply to the elec- supineness. The combat was left between abso- tors of East Somerset, who have been favoured ITALIAN MARTYRDOM AND ENGLISH lutism and democracy. It was fierce and unre- with a Circular, of which we have received a copy, A PATHY. lenting ; for the moment democracy was beaten, and of which we are about to give our readers a We are sick of the laisser-aller, selfi sh, unb few tit-bits. e- but constitutionalism, supine and trampled under lieving morality of these days. As a nation, we foot by both the great armies in that terrible People who live, in the focus of all the great have no moral life, no conscience, no consistency struggle, now lies helpless beneath the triumphant movements that are hurrying the world on to of character, no sense of duty and no faith. march of treacherous absolutism over the field mighty issues, have little or no idea of the extent Everything' is dilettante; we have prejudices of Europe. If constitutionalism in Europe is to to which feudalism, without its nobleness, and and antipathies, just serious enough to be worked be rescued from destruction—if the war of defence landlordism, without its legitimacy, still reign up into election rows, or used as political capital and—notably, is not to be fought, literally, in England, as the and govern in some parts of this isl by Derbyite candidates ; but examine them well, last standing place, now is the time to make an it would seem, in that western portion of England and they too are a sham. We have not strength advance. which never ceases to convince us that *' the left for a little real, conscientious bigotry—. Now is the time, most especially, as many wise men came from the east." The author of would to God we had. great circumstances, not existing in 1815 , con- this circular is, we are informed, the son of a Can anything be more transparent than this spire to insure success for an empire like Eng- large landholder in the neighbourhood of Bristol pretended Protestant zeal against ' Maynooth ? land, if she were to exchange a supine for an —son and administrator. He rules his father s "It is a sin to support what we believe to be active policy, and were to place herself at the lands and tenants in right military style, as we opposed to God, to subsidize Jie Pope whom we head of the onward movement in Europe. It sh all see. His missive roads like the circular regard as anti-Christ ; therefore down with ' might be done now with immense saving, both of of one of Louis .N apoleon s prefects . It is ad- Maynooth." Gentlemen, if you were really violence and of cost. There can be no doubt dressed to the tenants, whom, in a Pickwickian capable of serious, deep conviction, if you were that the great body of many great nations under sense, we imagine, he calls " my friends and sincere believers, or even good, genuine bigots, such sanction would act for themselves, with their neighbours." On his return home, after an you would know that the question for the con- own resources, but in the furtherance of com- absence of some weeks, this gentleman is " sur- science of a nation or a man, is not what it is a fcion objects. Not only Italy, Hungary, and prised to find" that many of his " friends and sin to participate in, but what it is a duty to do ; several German states, to say nothing of southern neighbours had been canvassed for"—Miles and and you would seek anti-Christ on. his Papal Europe and a great party in France, but Elton ! chair at Borne, and not at Maynooth. When Turkey, already awakened to European ideas, The sting is in the last two words—and Elton. politics and religion are divorced, one or both wouJd bring her crescent scimetar to the cause, The " friends and neighbours " had positively must be dying or already dead. and fight for the first time, no longer on the side been canvassed " in my absence," for two candi- Turn to our political parties,—what is the of Oppression , but of Bight. America having dates utterly opposed to each other : Mr. Miles most advanced creed which has a chance of con- finally consolidated her Republic in 1813 on the being a thorough-going Derbyite Protectionist, trolling the proximate future of the country ? other side of the Atlantic, is now a great State, a Earmers' Friend, and all that fatherly line of Free-trade, and non-intervention ; commercial present by her flag, and powerful by her will business; Mr. Elton being aPeelite, ofthemeekest intercourse, and political isolation. We are in every quarter of the globe—vindicating her and mildest complexion, with nothing but good shopkeepers and not men ! Men bave duties, influence, as England uspd to do in the Me- sense and a cultivated intelligence to recommend and nations recognise such too, if they be com- diterranean, by the display of the strong hand, him to the choice of the county. But think of posed of men. Shall wo say of other nations, as —available, ready and eager to join the ranks of the audacity of canvassing " friends and neigh- Cain of his brother Abel am I my " , " Lord, that holy alliance of nations which is to fight bours in " my absence .'" brother's keeper ?" out the next struggle for that freedom which " lo any one reading the daily organs of Mr. ' Of all political dogmas none is so profoundly alone is order, civilization, peace. Elton s party, its hostility to the Earmers of immoral, as that, which, under the inappropriate These great facts, coming into existence since England is very apparent!" So the new House title of non-intervention, refuses to entertain the 1815 , surely constitute a sufficient'' political obj ect'' of Commons is, to the local Somersetshire mind, question of a foreign policy, and leaves Priests, for the contemplation of any statesman who has logically divided into Dovbyitee and Afr. Jiillun' s Emperors and Usurpers free to corrupt, to bind the foresi ght, the power of statesmanship, and party—including all shades of red, from Liberal and torture, and destroy the soul of the world ,— the laudable ambition to deal practically with Conservatives to Chartists. content -with an increasing trade, and stifling affairs that are coming on, instead of fi ghting his " Wow then (the style hero rises into the conscience with the convenient heroic) theory, that pro- battles over again, in telling to the stirring world is the time for tho Earmers to give the gress is inevitable, and the triump o e lie to the often-spoken will h f lib rty idle tales of his achievements in the past. Of reproach that ' they one day assured. do nothing for themselves.' " And how, pray, Lord Palmerston's intentions wo have neither Our country is criminally turning aside, in its the authority nor the information to speak , but are they to " give the lie " so signally and suc- cessfull pursuit of selfish interests, from its duties to we cannot help coupling with the great facts y ? By allowing themselves to be done humanit for b y. Thought and action should be one, which we have surveyed, the further facts, not y the self-sacrificing landlords. at no long interval. A time The next paragrap will come ere long, unimportant, that he is most popular in America, h is a gem :— when wo , must bo f or or against the nations. that he is regarded by the despotic party on the " Let every man who wishes well to the cause, How are we preparing for that time P What Continent as the most formidable of the states- not only vote himsel f for Miles and Knatchbull, pled ges have wc extorted or endeavoured to ex- men whom they havo detached from themselves, but bring with him any neig hbour who has nt* tort from our newly elected legislators ? One and, finally, that lie is initiating the discussion of conveyance , and who wishes to vote the same way." man has been bold enough to put tho quondam the more logical and more equitable arrange- These last words are no doubt an injunction Home Secretary, who shamed this country by ments which must inevitably supersede tho abor- to bring any neighbour who wishes to vote, and his letter-opening to the ordeal :—like a political tive pacification of 1815. has no conveyance, th<; same way — .'. c., not fo J esuit—in a misi, of vague generalities he has uhdueti him in an opposite direction. escaped OUIt MODERN FEUDAL SYSTEM. the foil. But, elsewhere, nothing visiblo Gracious is the conclusion—" I shal l be glad has been effected ; and the liberal party has been It is already notorious that the present Elections to go fo the poll with you, and I hope that our content to show' its own fatuity, by accepting as havo been distinguished for more bribery, and, friends and tenants who intend to support M iles fhe ground of ba ttle, a question which no earthly what is worse, more intimidation, than any since and Knatchbull will meet my Father"—on tho power can raise again ; fi ghting for freo-trado the Be form Bill. Landlordism in the counties, first polling day , af a certain place appointed. which cannot, Ije lost, instead of pressing for- lady-Derbyites in the Metropolis, bigotry in the Now , what are we to think of this document? ward to questions too long delayed, which it is boroughs, havo put on the screw without'shame It has been forwarded fo uh, and we readil y give dangerous and criminal any longer to evade. and without remorse. As for the Protectionists, i(, the exposure if deserves ; but we arc very far Whilst thus living in petty interests and. ab- their proceedings havo been marked with a reck- from thinking it an isolated , or an extreme, or sorbed by shams at borne, the; foreign intelligence less unHcrupulousness, " too like despair for pru- even u peculiar case. We havo no doubt, indeed of the last, few weeks passes info oblivion beneath " dence to smother. we have nil reason to believe, the saino species of our va.cnnt or averted eyes. Wholesale martyr- In Westminster, as wo learn by many anec- polite intimidation and neighbourly advice Una dom is ta lcing pla.ee in Italy. Men are imprisoned dotes, tho screw of exclusive dealing was openl y been practised in every county in England where b y the hundred , tortured to confess, if not by the applied on behalf of Maidstone—applied by ladies, Landlordism is still rampant. Do these landlords rack , by the bastinado—their lives trafficked, iu and to tradesmen of high character. It was the believe for one moment lhat Protection , under by corrupt judges, the ransom paid , and yet tho advocate of " Protection for native industry " who any disguise or modification , can be. restored , or life not spared. Af Milan , one of fhe arrested, was tho candidate io tak e advantage of this screw. that the Derby Cabinet, can possibl y remain in the young priest Pe/./.offi , is said to have strangled Wo havo been given to understand, that in a power till Christmas ? No! t|\oy do not; but himself the very day of his arrest ; but, his firm Wiltshire borough, which him done itself tho they bully and bewilder the dismayed bucolic nnd p lacid faith renders his suicide impossible for honour to return ono of the most able function- mind info the belief f|iat the question of Protec- his countrymen to believe , and the fact that within aries of tho last Government, and one of the tion is other than a. question of rent. And whilst one hour of his deat h, they open his still warm most powerfu l champions of Ereo-trade, by a these farmers aro thus driven up, br led up, with and almost pal pitating corpse, fo snatch from it ma jorit y of seven only, 11)01. was otlbrvd freely nil the honours of " neighbours and friends" to the " papers which he swallowed on being seized , during tho last hour of polling f or a single vote. the poll , think of the great mass of foiling, tax- begets a horrible, suspicion of the cause and mo- Family influence was aroused in behalf of a young pay ing, bread-eating non-electors, disinherited, tive of his death. man, just out of his Icons ; but tho electors were disfranchised, disowned ! Wo nro very far fro m Ihe arrested are of all classes of society, landed obdurately unwilling to believe that tho House of deny ing lo properl y its " just and legitimate proprietors, bankers, priests,—for there aire re- Common* was a ball-room, or that the qualifica- influence ;" we denounce its abuses only, and forming priests in Italy,—and working men. Achilli trial, using our hearts should bleed for them ! how, in look so wide apart for this sort of identical dis- tary on the upshot of the Hbw strong language in reference to both judge ana earnest purpose, and in sad compunction for the crepancy. The adherent of one faith denounces does jury. The Standard , to whom as to others, it past, we should prepare for the day when their an act as a shocking violation of morals, and himself as a vindication of was open to reply in the same way, prefersto countrymen will rise to free them, when Europe the selfsame act be upheaved with a convulsion, from morals. According to the enemies of Maynooth, denounce the author of the article in the Times. will again ies dropped no pretended non-intervention policy can the students at that college are instructed to put Some adept in the arts of Venetian sp which a letter into the lion's head, in Bridge-street, succeed in keeping our country entirely apart. a series of questions to persons at confession , rouse ourselves, and shake off this moral most certainly suggesting ideas subversive of containing the name of the aUeged writer of this Let us the Standard printed , and make war to the iudiflerentism which morality; and a book has been published to ex- article ,- and the editor of sloth the name in full, an act which we are not going is a danger and a disgrace unto us. He who is pose this practice. The indecencies of certain not for the nations is against them. We do not manuals in the course of Maynooth are matter to imitate. that we shall be neutral; neutrality is im- of debate ; but there can be no question as to Now this journalist is denounced because he fear to reli ious possible, it is a blind immoral dream ; but it the gross indecency of the book that exposes is presumed to be favourable g liberty throws us, at home and abroad , bound hand and them. It is possible, however, that it may be for the Roman Catholics . This reason is avowed. , protest against this violation foot into the power of those who will use our needful occasionally, for solemn purposes, to We, for our part resources in the service of despotism, and leave make statements that would not otherwise be of a rule of honour understood among journalists. us at last incapable even of defending the liber- tolerated without some such grave motive ; and The Standard has placed itself in exactly the ties which we have acquired for ourselves. if so, a book is a very proper vehicle, since it can same position as the eaves-dropper and retailer be kept, upon the whole, in the hands for which o& private conversations. We need do no more it is intended. But what have the ultra-Protes- than gibbet the Standard as the Standard has HOW TO ELECT GUARDIANS TO YOUR tant assailants of Maynooth and ehampions of tried to gibbet the independent journalist ; only, MIND. morality done ? They denounce the unscrupu- be it understood, we refrain from naming the lousness of the Bomanists, but they have slight person who officiates in the ch aracter of editor of Let us tell some facts about the election of Poor- scruples of their own. The newspaper is a ques- that paper ; from a feeling of respect for our Law Guardians at Leeds. As we only mean to tionable arena for such discussions, but the anti- profession and ourselves. tell facts, without the slightest comment, the Bomanist zealots do not even confine themselves ader will be good enough to pay strict attention re to newspapers. It would be a flagrant outrage WORN-OUT . WORDS AND SYMBOLS IN to the facts, and supply the comment for him- to enter a strange house- if they were personally CONTROVERSY. self. hold, and to address their foul controversy to the POLITICAL The returning officer is the same person as the ears of the young daughters ; but there would Words wear out like other instruments. The cultiva- clerk to the Board ; it is he that engages the per- be this safeguard in such a step, that conduct so tion of the understanding, like the cultivation of the sons who distribute the voting-papers, and who flagrant would promote prompt expulsion. The earth, is performed by certain machinery, which may collect them when filled up; he makes up the course which they have selected is one not less be old or new—well or ill-adapted for the office . We returns. The same gentleman has filled both outrageous, but infinitely more insidious. plough up the intellectual soil and sow the seeds of offices for the last seven years. There is a weekly publication specially framed knowledge by the aid of terms, just as in agriculture In March last there was the usual election, for circulation in the English middle class, like we accomplish similar operations by the aid of imple- and voting-papers were distributed as usual; the Chambers' s Miscellany, with miscellaneous ments. In arts and sciences, leading ideas are con- proceedings of this election were the subject of essays and fictions , selected to attain such veyed by leading terms. As these terms perpetually an official investigation by Mr. Farnall. the Poor- a circulation, by avoiding all that can tend recur, care has to be taken that they do not change in Law Inspector, within the last fortnight; and to startle that class, and seeking all that is signification materially, because such change involves from the proceedings ,at that enquiry we de- adapted to the tastes of the class ; and we of special political or confusion . In the advocacyin rive our principal facts. Some of the voters believe that the publication in question, the social principles there are^s art and science, lead- had had a sense of old suspicion, and had taken Household Words, is very widely successful. It ing terms continually employed, upon which the right peculiar precautions. One ran his pen across the is edited by Mr. Charles Dickens. This is the understanding of what is intended depends. Yet margin opposite the names of the candidates for publication selected by the anti-Homanists. Of very little attention is paid to the variation of meaning whom he did not intend to vote, observing to the course they had not the leave of the editor ; but which these words undergo. Sometimes a party- collector—" I have run my name across the mar- they did not wait for that. A handbill is printed name acquires, in the course of twelve months, a in g opposite the Tory names ; there can be no incorporating some of the most odious sugges- meaning entirely opposite to that which it at first had. mistake now ; you cannot put my initials there." tions of the book, and that handbill is inserted Perhaps some indiscretion in speech, or folly in policy, When this voter's paper came before Mr. between the leaves of the Household Words. is committed by a party bearing a particular name ; Inspector Farnall, the genuine initials had By that disposition it is the more sure to reach perhaps something is imputed to a society by an been erased ; and others, fabricated, had been the hands of the youth of both sexes, who form, unscrupulous enemy, anil reiterated by a credulous laced p opposite the Tory names ; at least, so the we conceive, no small proportion of the readers press, whereby the collective name acquires a new and voter deposed. Another returned his voting- of the Household Words ; and thus a publication, detestable association of ideas. To continue to use paper blank, declining to vote : initials were singularly harmless, is made the vehicle for those the name after this has occurred, is to mislead the added. Another had voted, but his paper was very ideas which the circulators of tho handbill public, and to obscure the objects intended to be rejected because his initials " did not look like declare to be poison. explained. When an accident of this kind happens, G. B,." A fourth voted one way, but his paper The editor of tho Household Words instantly there is no help but to abandon the term, and ehoose was found amongst the opposing papers, and and indignantly repudiated all connexion with a new one. There is commonly great opposition to counted amongst them. A fifth had filled up a the odious act ; of which, indeed, no one could this course, as there is to every thing reasonable on Eapcr, but totally repudiated the one produced as for a moment have believed him guilty. It is le more obstinate than wise. Propose is. A the part of peop sixth inadvertently did not deliver his among tho most flagrant traits of the outrage to change a party-name which has been distorted by paper to the collector ; it was offered to the re- that tho circulators of the handbill have not and many, more headstrong than turning accident or error, officer at his own office, but declined, as scrupled to invade his property with their filthy wise, will set up an ill-considered demand for objects, the collector could only call for it at the voter's polemics. To adopt Achilli as an apostle, and to considered to bo honesty, own " name and all." This is house. A seventh filled in his paper ; it was convert tho Household Words into a sandwich of whereas i t is in fact practical dishonesty. For who- " ticked " by tho collector as having been col- abomination, are the two most recent exploits of with a new association lecte ever insists upon using a name d ; but waa missing or " lost :" out of 131 the ultra-Protestant purists ! misleads all who hear it, and causes the public to mis- to be thero were 52 delivered by ono collector judge all who are represented by it. This practice also short ; and the collector could not explain it. of its proper objects TIIE " STANDARD" CAUGHT EAVES- diverts a part y from the pursuit All these aberrations told for tho Tory candidates re-educate the people into or in to a laborious attempt to against the Liberals. They aro specimens only DROPPING. the ri ht, understanding of the old name with the of the facts collected during threQ, days. g There are various standards in uso among us ; new signification. A person wearing a new and be- We aro still without the close of the inquiry ; as the standards of gold and silver, of militiamen coming coat may pass as a respectable man, but if he tho legal adviser of tho Tory party undertook to will continue fo appear in it after the elbows are out;, bring and sherry, of woiglifs and of measures, which forward recriminatory evidence, and had are the standards of the country gentlemen, and and th» skirts torn off, the, wearer's rank and in tegrity obtained several ' days grace to get it up ; but the the Standard of the confiding Derbyites, which may remain the same, but the public will be sure to mass of testimony on the Liberal side seems to person. I t is of no def we w ill not any is a low standard, for no one has mistake him for a very different y refutation ; and if both sides prove to havo ing ought not to do so—the public erred, yet been able to appreciate its mean capacity, use say the public tho evidence against the system will only will, do. wo— i t will jud y such general rules as i t bo doubl even with the most delicate of instruments. It . ge b y conclusive. is, therefore classed by natural philosophers has inherited, nnd he who disregards them must take The roador will not be surprised to hear that, among the animalcuhe of the political world. But the consequences. So it is with n party-name, it is the people of Leeds havo long been dissatisfied as a very small bono in tho minds of Professor the letter of recommendation to the looker-on. The with the plan of electing the Guardians, and some Owen indicates to him the nature of the animal association of ideas connected with that name deter- tone since they sent a memorial to the Poor- 1 jaw to which if belonged , so a very insignificant object mines the man who is a .stranger to the truth of tho Commissioners asking for a change. The reply becomes significant by its relation to other larger mutter. If u term that is, calls up, notions of tho connotes, Commissioners was that no ease had been and more important things. of anarchy, spoliation, and ou trage, the hearer is tilled made out. Probably the Commissioners will now Lord Derby raises the miserable ' wi th these ideas—they a thick cloud through think ' No Popery constitute that a case has been made out ? cry, and the Standard aids and abets him. All which he probably never penetrates to the real mean- well and good, while that journal confines its ing behind. AN TI-MAYNOOTH AND ITS T10ACI1INOS. advocacy within tho limits of manliness, courtesy A more pernicious and irrelevant question never and honou r. But, fhe Standard, finds those limits bli nded fhe discretion of Reformers than " What's in I mat which is a crime committed in the name of too narrow for fhe exercise of its peculiar func- a 11111110?" There is nothing in a name if the realit y one man's religion becomes an heroic act under tions, so it descends into the congenial medium be before you. lint, if if be not, there is confusion in another's—at least in the estimate of tha t other. of the unmanly, tho discourteous, and the shame- the name, unless it exactl y indicate the thing intended. Iho indocencios of tho Christian world aro the less. Jf the name lie the sole medium by which ' the public solemnities of tho Hindu. But wo need not Tho Times printed a just and manly commen- aro to bo informed ol' the bearingu of some policy, oi the nature of some remedy, everything will be mis- public opinion. It crushes tdl who implore it. The blessings. God forbid we should not call it beautiful the name he the ri ht one. inion—the weak It is beautiful, but not the most jud ged, unless g The extent wise and the inflexible tpay command op beautiful. There C another life to which the multitude is governed by names is and the fearful only inflame its insolence. To those, , hard, rough, and thorny, trodden with lias never incredible to one who looked into the therefore, who cannot distinguish between outrage and bleeding feet and aching brow ; the life of which th matter. So long as positivism forms so little a part submission, but who must fall into one or the other— cross is the symbol ; a battle which no peace follow oi" private instruction, the mass must be at the mercy these suggestions are not addressed . Indiscretion is this side the grave ; which the grave gapes to finish of names. They are the weapons of parties, and better than hypocrisy. The violent is to be preferred before the victory is won ; and—strange that it should tyranny in these days as often fi ghts its battle by the to the craven spirit, and those whom the precepts of a be so—this is the highest life of man. Look bacl- artful imputation of names as by the- use of arms. manly prudence wrould merely turn info cowards must; along the great nhmes of history ; there is none whose Well-informed enemies know that however bad a term be abandoned to turbulence and to time. Ion. life has been other than this.:—From the Westminster may be made, there will always be men to clamour for Review for July. it, and to mistake it for part of their objects, and to, worship it as a principle, and therefore they destroy DISHONEST DIZZY. and distort the names by which we are judged. A An after-dinner braggart is a " tolerable person and not soldier seldom clamours for a rusty gun or a broken to be endured." An after dinner wit who runs Joseph sword ; lie commonly prefers serviceable and bright Miller very hard, may come off gaily with the aid of bad ones j but your political and social soldier has a decided wine. An after dinner orator who is dull and pompous, partiality for rusty and broken arms. and unsteady on his legs, is not unbearable to an accom- Not content with retaining foolish or hateful watcljr paniment of steady port and walnuts. But what shall we words, that have been long worn out, many modern say of a post-prandial rhetorician, a minister, and leader stage-struck politicians have taken to importing foreign among his people, who tells but the law does not allow jargon in the same state of infirmity. If a revolu- of open and advised writing. tionary sect in a neighbouring nation has made some At Newport Pagnell, on Wednesday, Mr. Disraeli said particular signature one of terror, it will be adopted by they had been accused of supporting a Protectionist policy preference among us. If a particular flag is the sym- in opposition, and abandoning it in office. "I should bol of blood to Europe, some man quite peaceable in like," said this type of veracity, "to hear that accusation his own intents, will carry that fl ag, inscribed with made in the House of Commons by any of my opponents." some Italianmotto, translated into bald English, through At the time of speaking, the orator must have been con- our streets. Down to the details of formal advocacy scious that he had heard the accusation fifty times in the the same feature is observable. The working man is House of Commons. dDpra Cmraril no longer known by his honest name—the middle class Again. Mr. Disraeli said he would like to hear any one are designated by a word which few spell alike, aud no say in the House of Commons that the Anti-Catholic Pro- [IN TH IS DEPARTMENT , AS ALL OPINIONS , HOWEVER EXTREM E two at a public meeting pronounce in the same way. ARE ALLOWED AN EXPRESSION , THE EDITOR NECESSARIL Y clamation was an electioneering dodge. When Parlia- HOLDS HIMSELF RESPONSIBLE FOR NONE. 1 The Refugees get the credit of this inundation of revo- ment meets, Mr. Disraeli will be gratified. As it is, the lutionary jargon. In justice to them it ought to be speaker knew that the charge had been^ilung in the teeth There is no learned man "bnt will confess he hath much stated that they have in no way interfered with us. of ministers that they raised the " No Popery" cry for profited by reading controversies, his senses awakened, Their olitical conduct has been everywhere reserved and his judgment sharpened. If, then, it be profitable i^ electioneering purposes. The proclamation was issued for him to read, why should it not, at least, be tolerable and exemplary, as their language has ever been respect- just before Parliament broke up, and was the crowning for his adversary to write.—Milton. ful to our institutions and sympathetic to our preju- act of duplicity. Mr. Disraeli knew that his party was dices. Their heroism in les and their patience strugg , trading in religious bigotry ; and he knows that fear of THE " LEADER" AND THE CHURCH in the suffering of exile, may have been an inspiration him will not withhold dozens of gentlemen from telling (To the Editor of the Leader j and an example. But this is the inseparable influence him so in October next. of patriotism and courage, honourable to all who exer- Sib,—In the letter which you were good enough to cise it as to all who appreciate it. The foreign impor- insert, with my initials attached (A. K.), it was very tation of this froth into our agitations, has been the " THE SHOW OV HATS. far from my intention to impute to you anything that could possibl be construed into an offensive charge of act of hotbrained histrionic enthusiasts at home, un- At the Essex Election, the High Sheriff proposed that y having, in Church affairs, conducted the Leader with skilled in the use of arts by which opinion is legiti- instead of a show of hands, the people present at the a want of fair and honourable dealing. mately advanced. Every one who has imbibed con- nomination should make a " show of hats." Many of the tinental What 1 took the libert of noticing was, the fact prejudices against the reformers in foreign crowd wore caps, for they wero the industrious artisans of y that the Leader conducted, as any reader would pre- states, confounds all efforts which are characterized by Braintree : of course the capB would havo been excluded. , of sume, for the purpose, amongst other things, of pro- their watchwords. Our own advocacy should have Docs not this sicaple fact illustrate"^ the policy tho agating sound liberal principles in politics, and perfect thoroughly English lineaments, and bear the impress Derby-Disraelite Government P They are anxious that p freedom of opinion and worship m religion, as opposed of the solid and measured demands, national with us. tho hats rather than the hands, and the hands perhaps to the domination or tyranny of any sect or party, has, Saxon language should express the Saxon sentiment, than the heads of the country should rule. The hand is a nevertheless, s stematically devoted much of its time, as our broadest demands are often little more than an reality, tho instrument of honest labour ; it is also tho y appeal to old Saxon laws and liberties ; and we should not to arguments on the evils of a State-paid Church, symbol of frankness, of openness. It is undisguised, un- keep as free as possible from the liability of having to necessarily the aider and abettor of bad government, clothed. The hat, though of the finest beaver, or richest answer in London or Manchester f or the conduct or but to lengthy leading articles on the internal disci- velvet, is only a symbol of wealth, of luxury, of idleness. speeches of persons in other countries of whom we know pline and policy of the Church, from which any one These latter wish to cajole and prey upon tliose former— little or nothing—if not too much. We may hel would infer an extreme anxiety for the improvement p all therefore Derby would rather rely upon hats than hands. men, but we need only answer for ourselves, and be of its affairs, i n order to ensure increased power and At least such is the Essex notion of tho Derby Govern- judged onl by what we do ourselves. stability to an establishment, to abolish which, root y ment. and branch, ought to be the first wish of every true The use of speech in matters not political is com- But we are bound to say that a Caucasian explanation friend to civil and religious liberty. monly made with a certain degree of care. A simile of the phenomenon may bo offered. To wit : may it, not Your readers can be in no doubt respecting your that obscures or falsifies a subject we desire to exalt is bo the foreshadowing of a hybrid policy between the studiously avoided. Words that " cut both ways" are religious opinions, for to your credit you decline to Vatican and Houndsditch P The Popo does he not wear Hwallow any dogma unless reason and argument are considered disadvantageous. Such are the foreign three hats ? and Ministers, are they not Jesuits in dujili- words, symbols, and banners now frequentl with it ; nevertheless, I think 1 have niiido out my y ex hibi ted cif.y P The Jew, has he not been seen wearing many hats, among us. The sense in which charge of " inconsistency." they are used is not and is lie not famous for clutching at " what lie can get"— understood—aud fo make them understood Avould It is quite true that a newspaper ought to notice Disraelite praotioo fo a T p Hence the predilection of the occupy the time tbat might be better employed in all parties alike, but no one will contend that an editor Essex official for hats—for great is the influenco of sym- legitimate homebred political instruction. Eusiliers ought to advocate the principles of all parties ; and bol, nnd it would bo presumptuous in us to question his do hot employ firelocks which explode in their hands, therefore, sir, no one could feel hurt if you were to knowledge of tho Ministerial intentions. Hut every thing nor does the cannoneer throw shells which do little leave the Church and its syuodical questions to their will come right if the "heads" will only consult the interests damage except to those who eject them. Yet the po- fate. Moreover, sir, au editor being a teacher as well ol' tho " hands." litical combatants of the peop le* do not much differ from as a reviewer, might reasonably be expected to point this—so little attention is paid to the choice of weapons. out the principles he condemns, as well as those of arc Right feeling and enthusiasm are. considered sufficient the value 01. Tina I'lUNcmsii. which he is the advocate ; and I feel assured you to curry nil before them ; hut our milifiu-mcn will find an enemy to a State Church. Disc it hut politicians fear to extend the franchise to men that discipline is the half-brother of courage -and so Your correspondence in to-day's number has drawn who might abuse it, mid they limit if , therefore, to cIuhhcs is discretion to the political advocates in a more pacific from me these, remarks, otherwise I should not have who aro more especially qualified. It is too soon to have field obt ruded myself a second time upon your notice, nor learned all- the illustrations that tho present, election is fur- should I have troubled you with communica- Some misapplication may be made of these, sugges- my first nishing, of tiie manner in which the enfranchised classes tion if I. had imagined th at, ^:<>nl

" In this world," as Goethe says, " there are so few voices and so many GUIZOT ON SHAKSPEARE. echoes ;" and hence the sterile fecundity of our literature—so many Skahspeare and 7iis Times. By M. Guizot. Bentley. Par volumes and so few books ! To men with any seriousness in them, this is Bhahspeare et son Temps. Etude Litt^raire. M, Guizot. - W. Jeffs. often a sad reflection ; and at no time more so than at the present, when Pitting companion to the admirable work on Corneille, and immeasurably public, this work is one of the most elabo- intellectual anarchy, owing to the absence of a regulative controlling Faith, more interesting to an English htful that has yet been published on Shakspeare. It expression in the Publishing Lists of puffed " attractive novelties," rate and thoug finds its deserves a place on every shelf beside the great work of (xervinus, and born to-day, to-morrow dead. Nay, a man who has a faith, and lives hy as a specimen of hic tc high above the dashing rhetoric of Schlegel philosop it, is called a dreamer," or a " revolutionist" by those who demand Art criticism. It is not often that a Fren chman's views of Shakspeare are for Art's sake, Science for Science's sake, Politics for their own sake, and acceptable to the English mind ; but although, of course, there will be Religion " for the sake of women and the lower orders." And our much differences from the opinion of Guizot as of every other man. who writes suffering Journal, because it strives to bring the manifold activities of on so varied and complex a subject, we venture to say that thetlEnglish. part of this volume. It mingles man's nature under something like unity, desiring a convergence of mind will cordially welcome the greater with unostentatious success. It coutains ideas life, and a steadfast aim and issue, gets called by hard names, history and philosophy scattered both novel and profound ; and if the criticism is occasionally meagre, even from its friends. where is the work on Shakspeare that pretends to be exhaustive ? In "We were turning over the pleasant pages of the younger Pliny's Let- reading this work we have only to bear in mind the radical differences ters, aud paused upon the closing sentences of his reflections on the death which separate the taste of the two nations, and we can then " allow for of Martial, whose poems, he says, may not, perhaps, be eternal, but were the wind"; that difference is indicated in the following passage from the written as for eternity. " At non erunt ceterna, quee scripsit. Non erunt preface—a passage we will not pause to discuss :— but deficient in form ; he discerns, and fortasse : ille tamen scripsit, tanquam essent futura." Of how many writers " Shakspeare is excellent in substance, instincts, passions, ideas,—indeed, all the inner life second editions" 1 And brings admirably into view, the can we say this ? How many look beyond " yet of man ; he is the most profound and most dramatic of moralists; but he makes there is something in us all which responds to the old Roman feeling so his personages speak a language which is often fastidious, strange, excessive, and grandly expressed in the question—What can man have of higher worth destitute of moderation and naturalness. And the English language is singularly than glory, praise, and immortality—Quid homini potest dari majus, quam propitious to the defects, as well as to the beauties, of Shakspeare; it is rich, gloria , et laus, et eeternitas ? Unless we project our existences beyond the energetic, passionate, abundant, striking ; it readily admits the lofty fli ghts, and present, how poor, inadequate, and incomplete they seem ; and although it even the wild excesses, of the poetic imagination ; but it does not possess that 1 that moderation in expression cannot be given to all of us to earn the far-off sunshine of glory, and a elegant sobriety, that severe and delicate precision, and harmony in imagery, which constitute the peculiar merit of the French 's mouths it is given to us all to live hereafter in the name familiar in men , language." good we do, the truth we forward, the triumph oyer evil our efforts help to The work is divided into an essay on Shakspeare and his Times, wherein achieve ; and the feeling of glory, which flames into such brightness in the the historical point of view is clearly and excellently given, the biogra- souls of the privileged, may animate and warm the souls of the most ob- phical of course meagre and unsatisfactory, and repeating errors long scure. exploded in England, such, for instance, as Shakspeare's having once been On any views of Literature so serious as this, what must we think of the a butcher's assistant. This essay is followed by criticisms on the prodigal, Dumas? He, too, has his hope of men's good word, but cares tragedies ; an essay, apropos of Othello, on Dramatic Art in France, written at the time of the great quarrel between the classic and romantic much more for the pudding and the praise of the moment. What a strange schools, and critiques on the Historical Plays and comedies. and frivolous book is that of his Memoires, the ninth volume of which lies Guizot is neither poet nor dramatist. It is not from him, therefore, on our table ! The greed of money and utter disregard of truth are visible that one expects any strong light thrown upon Shakspeare's dramatic in every chapter. We know of no such book-making. Every name in- art ; but he is a philosophic historian with Catholic appreciation and pro- troduced or dragged in is made the pretext of a rambling digression, the foundly serious mind, and the qualities of such a man are well exhibited whole purport of which is to enlarge the volume. The trial of Castaing is in this work. Having said so much, we proceed to make extracts. introduced, with the whole history of this cause celebreu merelv because primitive and cultivated poets. Castaing was executed on the morning of the evening when Casimir " We live in times of civilization and progress, when everything has its place individual is determined by circumstances Delavigne's play was produced ; and because Delavign k treated of a and. rule—and. when the destiny of every more or less imperious, but which manifest themselves at an early period. A poet subject analogous to Marino Faliero, this is made the pretext of relating, begins by being a poet ; he who is to become one, knows it almost from infancy ; in a hundred pages, the outline of Byron's well-known life—not, how- poetry has been familiar to his earliest contemplation ; it may have been his iirst ever, so well known but that he contrives to inform us that Sir Thomas taste, his first passion when the movement of the passions awakened in his heart. Mooue burnt Byron's Memoirs ! The young man has expressed in verse that which he docs not yet feel ; and when Again, what will the man who thinks seriously of Literature feel when feeling truly arises within him, his first thought will be to express it in verse. he reads the pitiable attack on Lord Jeffrey in the new number of the Poetry has become tho object of his existence ; an object as important as any other lory, and which may afford Quarterly ? Whatever tho misinformed reviewer might bave thought —a career in which he may obtain fortune as well as g an opening to tbe serious ideas of his future life, as well as to the capricious sallies of Jbpvrey , were there no convenances to dictate another kind of funeral of his youth. In so advanced a state of society, a man cannot be long ignorant, or oration ? We object to the too rigid adherence to the old maxim, " Say spend much time in search of his own powers ; an easy way presents itself to the nothing but good of the dead ," when interpreted to mean, " Spenk evil of view of that youthful ardour which would probably wander far astray before find- the living and good only of the dead ;" aud Jkffrky, for all the sweet- ing the direction best suited to it; those forces and passions from which talent will ness aud honesty of his nature, had his faults and errors fairly within the issue soon learn the secret of their destiny; and, Hummed up in speeches, images, competence of critics. But the Quarterl y was scarcely the place for suck and harmonious cadences, the illusions of desire, tho chimiei-as of hope, and Home- difficult an article—or rather let us say , it should not have been the place. So times even the bitterness of disappointment, are exhaled without y in tho precocious essays of the Jeffrky had no religion," it appears ! O, Reviewer, look into young man. " your " In times when life is difficult and manners coarse, this is rarely the case in own heart, and try to detect there the religious impulse which moved you regard to the poet, who is formed by nature alone. Nothing reveals him so to that accusation ! speedil y to himself ,- he must have fel t much before be can think he has anything Iho levity of our race is unpleasantly manifested in this readiness to to portray ; his first, powers will be spent in action,—in such irregular action as accuse. Before us lies a grnve, temperate pamphlet, hy J a rich Sparks, may be provoked by the impatience of bis desires, hi violent, act ion , if any ob- stacle intervene between with which his fiery i magination the American editor of Washington's Writings, in which he. is forced himself and the success has promised to crown him. In vain has fat e bestowed on him the noblest gifts ; to defend himself against the hasty accusations made by Lord Ma hon nm] he can employ them onl upon the single object with which be i.s acquainted. others, of having tampered with the text, altering, omitting, and inserting y Heaven only knows what triumphs he will achieve hy his eloquence, in what pro- as might suit his caprice—an accusation , in fact, of deliberate dishon (.sty jects and for what ud vantages lay the riches of his inventive faculty, ' he will disp We wish our American , no less than our Fnglish friends, to underS(-,uu| among what, equals his talents will raise him to the first rank, and of what, societ y that Mr. Jarkd Sparks clearly, calmly, and convincingly refutes jk.^ the vivacity of Iuh mind will render him the amusement, and the idol ! Alas for accusation on every point. this melancholy subjection of man to the external world ! (lifted with useless power if his horizon be less extensive than his capacity of vision , ho sees only f lint In 1812, the King of Prussia, at IIuMitoi.irr ' H instigation, sent, out, an which lies around him ; and heaven , w hich has bestowed treasures upon him with expedition to Fgypf , with the great scholar Lkphm.s at its head, the rich Hiich lavish munificence, has done nothing for him if it, does not place bini in cir- results of which are known to ull archaeologists. Besides tbe more elabo- cumstances which may reveal them to his ga/.o. This revelation commonly arises h' rate works which Lisrsn.M i.s publishing to chronicle the results of this from misfortune ; when the world fails the superior man, he falls buck upon uuM'lf, nnd becomes presses him, he collects his expedition , he has just issued a volume of familiar letters, giving the. more aware of his own resources ; when necessity powers ; and it is frequentl t hrough having lost, the facility of grovelling upon personal and ancedotienl view , Bricfe. ans yH f en ie.n y yyp , AUhiog , und tier earth, that, genius and virtue rise in trium ph to the skies." ¦Ifalbnsel des Sindis, which we commend to our German friends. THI '. KNOUKH IMJHI .K ' . " The habits the inlluence of the same causes that, All our readers may he lad to know that in of England, being formed by g the Revue des Deux Mondes led to the establishment ot her political institutions, early iuis\uiicd that character lor Jul 1 of y , there is a portrait of Cahu i-i., by M. (iI.kyrk , a French agitation ami publicity which calls for the appearance of a popular poetry. l n wtist, who although he has given a somewhat French aspect to our great other countries, the general tendency was to the separation of the various social isolation of individuals. In England, everything com- Get up, sweet slug-a-bed, and see conditions, and even to the bespangled herb and tree. le of common deli- The dew bined to bring them into contact and connexion. The princip Each flower has wept, and bow'd toward the east, beration upon matters of common interest, which is the foundation of all liberty, hour since, yet Above an you are not dreatv , prevailed in all the institutions of England, and presided over all the customs of Nay, not so much as out of bed ; the country. The freemen of the rural districts and the towns never ceased to When all the birds have matins said, meet together for the discussion and transaction of their common affairs. The And sung their thankful hymns: 'tb sin, profanation, to in of all kinds, multi lied Nay, keep , county courts, the jury, corporate associations; and elections p When as a thousand virgins on this day, occasions of meeting, and diffused in every direction the habits of public life. That Spring sooner than the lark to fetch in May. hierarchical organization of feudalism, which, on the continent, extended from the Corinna, come ; and, coming, mark gentleman to the most stimulating " ' Come, my poorest powerful monarch, and was incessantly How each field turns a street, each street a park the vanity of every man to. leave his own sphere and pass into the rank of suzerain, Made green, and trimm'd with trees ; see how was never completely established in Great Britain. The nobility of the second Devotion gives each house a bough, order, by separating themselves from the great barons, in order to take their place Or branch ; each porch, each door, ere this, ) at the head of the commons, returned, so to speak, into the body of the nation, and An ark, a tabernacle is, neatl interwove; adopted its manners as well as assumed its ri hts. It was on his own estate, Made up of white thorn y g As if here were those cooler shades of love.' among his tenants, farmers, and servants, that the gentleman established his im- portance ; and he based it upon the cultivation of his lands and the discharge of " The elegance of the cottages on May-morning was imitated by the castles ; and those local magistracies which, by placing him in connexion with the whole of the the young gentlefolks, as well as the lads and maidens of the village, went forth population, necessitated the concurrence of public opinion, and provided the adjacent into the fields in search of flowers. Joy is sure to introduce equality into pleasures ; and are changed as little b district with a centre around which it might rally. Thus, whilst active rights the symbols of joy never vary, y difference of rank as by brought equals into communication, rural life created a bond of union between the difference of season. Here enjoyment, led by abundance, seems to spend the year superior and his inferior ; and agriculture, by the community of its interests and in continual festivities. Just as the first of May displays its profusion of verdure labours, bound the whole population together by ties, which, descending succes- as sheep-shearing fills the streets with flowers, and harvest-home is adorned with sively from class to class, were in some sort terminated and sealed in the earth— cars of corn, so Christmas will decorate the walls with ivy, holly, and evergreen. the immutable basis of their union. Just as dances, races, shows, and rustic sports, cause the sky of spring to resound " Such a state of society leads to competence and confidence ; and where com- with their joyous tones, so games in which— petence reigns, and confidence is felt, the necessity of common enjoyment soon " ' White shirts supplied the masquerade, arises. Men who are accustomed to meet together for business, will meet together And smutted cheeks the visors made,' for pleasure also ; and when the serious life of the landowner is spent among his will waken the echoes, on the cold December nights, with shouts of gaiety; and fields, he does not remain a stranger to the joys of the people who cultivate or the May-pole and Christmas-log will alike be borne in triumph and extolled in surround them. Continual and general festivals gave animation to the country life song. of old England. What was their primary origin ? What traditions and customs " Amidst these games, festivals, and banquets, at these innumerable friendly served as their foundation ? How did the progress of rustic prosperity lead gradu- meetings, and in this joyous and habitual conviviality (to use the national expres- ally to this joyous movement of meetings, banquets, and games ? It is of little use sion), the minstrels took their place and sang their songs. The subjects of these to know the cause; the fact itself is most worthy of our observation ; and in the songs were the traditions of the country, the adventures of popular heroes as well as sixteenth century, when civil discord had been brought to a term, we may follow it of noble champions, the exploits of Eobin Hood against the Sheriff of Nottingham, in all its brilliant details. At Christmas, before the gates of the castles, the herald, as well as the conflicts of the Percies with the Douglas clan. Tims the public man- bearing the arms of the family, thrice shouted Largesse !—¦ ners called for poetry ; thus poetry originated in tbe manners of the people, and " ' Then opened wide the Baron's hall became connected with all the interests, and with the entire existence, of a popula- To vassal, tenant, serf, and all ; tion accustomed to live, to act, to prosper, and to rejoice in common." Power laid his rod of rule aside, SHAKSPEARE S COMEDY AND TRAGEDY. And ceremony doffed his pride. The heir, with roses in his shoes, " Thus at the advent of Shakspeare, the nature and destiny of man, which con- That night might village partner choose ; stitute the materials of dramatic poetry,- were not divided or classified into different The lord, underogating, share branches of art. When art desired to introduce them on the stage, it accepted The vul os and " ' gar game of " p t pair. them in their entirety, with all the mixtures and contrasts which they present to Who shall describe the general joy and hospitality, the roaring fire in the hall, the observation ; nor was the public taste inchned to complain of this. The comic well-spread table, the beef and pudding, and the abundance of good cheer which was portion of human realities had a right to take its place wherever its presence was then to be found in the house of the fanner as well as in the mansion of tbe gentle- demanded or permitted by truth ; and. such was the character of civilization, that r man. The dance, when the head began to swim with w assail ; tbe songs of min- tragedy, by admitting tbe comic element, did not derogate from truth in the strels, and tales of bygone days, wben the party had become tired of dancing,— slightest degree. In such a condition of the stage and of the public mind, what were the pleasures which then reigned throughout England, Avhen,— could be tbe state of comedy, properly so called ? How could it be permitted to All hail d, with uncontroll d delight, claim to bear a particular name, and to form a distinct style ? It succeeded in And general voice, the happy night, this attempt by boldly leaving those realities in which its natural domain was That to the cottage, as the crown, neither respected nor acknowledged ; it did not limit its efforts to the delineation Brought tidings of salvation down. * Mt * * of settled manners or of consistent characters ; it did not propose to itself to re- 'Twas Christmas broach'd the mightiest alo ; present men and things under a ridiculous but truthful aspect ; but it became a 'Twas Christinas told the merriest tale ; fantastic and romantic work, the refuge of those amusing improbabilities which, in A Christmas gambol oft could cheer its idleness or folly, the imagination delights to connect together by a slight The poor mairs heart h half tho year.' throug thread, in order to form from them combinations capable of affording diversion or These Christmas festivities lasted for twelve days, varied hy a thousand pleasures, interest, without calling for the judgment of tho reason. Graceful pictures, sur- kindled by the good wishes and presents of New Year's Day, and terminated by the prises, the curiosity which attaches to the progress of an intrigue, mistakes, quid- Feast of Kings on Twelfth Day. But soon after came Plough Monday, the day on pro-quos, all the witticisms of parody and travestie, formed the substance of this which work was resumed, and the first day of labour also was marked hy a feast. inconsequent diversion. Tho conformation of tho Spanish plays, a taste for which (a ood house wiles, whom (xod hath enriched enough, wa.s beginning to prevail in England, supplied these gambols of the imagination -Forge t not tho feast... that belong to the plough,' with abundant frameworks and alluring models. Next to their chronicles and says old Tusser, in his quaint rural poems. The spindle also had its festival. The ballads, collections of French or Italian tales, together with tho romances of harvest feast was one of equality, and an avowal, as it were, of those mutual neces- chivalry, formed the favourite reading of the people. Is it strange that so pro- sities which bring men into union. On that day, masters and servants collected ductive a iiriuo, and so easy a style, should first have attracted tho attention of round tho same table, and, mingling in the same conversation, did not appear to be Shakspeare ? Can wc feel astonished that his young and brilliant imagination brought into contact with each other by the complaisance of a superior desirous of hastened to wander at will among such subjects, free from the yoke of proba- rewarding his inferior, but by an equal ri ght to the pleasures of the day :— bilities, and excused from seeking after serious and vigorous combinations ? Tho " ' (''or all that clear'il the crop, or till'd tho ground, great poet, whose mind and band proceeded, it is said, with such equal rapidity Are guests by right of custom ;—old and young; that his manuscript scarcely continued a single erasure, doubtless yielded with de- H ere onro a year distinction low' rH its crest, light to tliose unrestrained gambols in which he could display without labour his The master, servant, and the merry guest, rich and varied Are equal all ; and round the happy ring faculties. He could put anything he pleased into his comedies, The reaper's eyes exulting glances fling, and he has, in fact, put everything into them, with the exception of ono thing Arid , wiirm 'd with gratitude, he qu its bis place, which was incompatible with such a system, namely, the ensemble which, making With sun-burnt hands and alc-cnlivcn 'd face, every part concur towards the same end , reveals at every step tho depth of the hVJillN the jug his honuur'd host to tend, plan, and the grandeur of the work. It would be difficult to find in Shakspeare'h To servo at onro the master and the friend ; tragedies u single conception, position, act, or passion, or Proud thus to meet, his smiles, to share his tale, degree of vice or virtue, His nufs , bis conversation , and bis ale which may not also be met wit h in some one of his comedies ; but that which in Hindi were the days- of days long past 1 sing.' his tragedies is carefully thought out, fruitful in result, and intimately connected " Sowing-tune, shcup-shearing, indeed, every epoch of interest in rural life, wan with tho series of causes and effects, is in bis comedies only just indicated, and celebrated by similar meetings and banquets, and by games of all kinds. Hut offered to our sight, for a moment to dazzle us with a passing gleam, and soon to what day could equal the first of May, brilliant with the joys of youth and tho disappear in a new combination. In Measure for Measure, A ngelo, tho unworthy hopes of the year ? Scarce had the rising sun announced the arrival of this festive governor of Vienna, after having condemned Claudio to death for tho crime of morn, than the entire youthfu l population hastened into the woods and meadows, having seduced a young girl whom he intended fo marry, himself attempts to to the river-bank and hill side, accompanied by t he sounds of music, to gather their seduce Isabella, the sister of Claudio, by promising her brother's pardon an a recom- harvest of flowers ; and , returning laden with hawthorn and verdure, adorned the pense for her own dishonour ; and when , by Isa bella's-address in substituting doors and windows of t heir houses with their spoils, covered with blossoms the another girl in her place, he thinks he has received the price of his i nfamous bar- (. May-polo which they had cut in fhe forest , and crowned with garlands the horns of gain, he gives orders to hasten '.audio 's execution, is not this tragedy Y Such the oxen which were to drag it, iu triumph through fhe village. Merrick , a contem- a fact might well be placed in the life of Richard the Third ; and no crime of porary of Shakspeare, thus invites his mistress to go a-May i ng :— Macbeth's presents this excess of wickedness. Hut in Macbeth and Richard the. Th ird, crime produces the t ragic effect which for sluimo, ( ho (dooming morn belongs to it, because if bears the " Mbit up, get up probabilit Upon her wings presents the god unshorn. iinpresH of y, and because mil forms and colours attest its presence : we See how Aurora throws her fair can discern tho place which if occupies in the hourt of which it has taken posses- Fresh quilted colours through tho air; sion : we know how it gained admission, what it has conquered, and what remains for it to subjugate ; we behold it incorporating itself by degrees into the unhappy here, and our present purpose is with the physiological law enunciated in being whom it has subdued • we see it living, walking, and breathing, with a man the early part of this essay and forming the basis of the theory. who lives, walks, and breathes, aud thus communicates to it his character, his own It is necessary to begin with the admirable definition of Life which rules individuality. In Angelo, crime is only a vague abstraction, connected en passant the whole of his speculation -.— crystal with a proper name, with no other motive than the necessity of making that per- " Life may be defined as—the co-ordination of actions. The growth of a , son commit a certain action which shall produce a certain position, from which the which is the highest inorganic process we are acquainted with, involves but one poet intends to derive certain effects. Angelo is not presented to us at the outset action—that of accretion . The growth of a cell, which is the lowest organic pro- and either as a rascal or as a hypocrite ; on the contrary, he is a man of exaggeratedly cess, involves two actions—accretion and disintegration—^repair waste—assimi- severe virtue. But the progress of the poem requires that he should become lation and oxidation. Wholly deprive a cell of oxygen, and it becomes inert— criminal, and criminal he becomes ; when his crime is committed, he will repent of ceases to manifest vital phenomena ; or, as we say, dies. Give it no matter to it as soon as the poet pleases, and will find himself able to resume without effort the assimilate, and it wastes away and disappears, from continued oxidation. natural course of his life, which had been interrupted only for a moment. Evidently, then, it is in the balance of these two actions that the life consists. It " Thus, in Shakspeare's comedy, the whole of human life passes before the eyes is not in the assimilation alone ; for the crystal assimilates ; neither is it in the of the spectator, reduced to a sort of phantasmagoria—a brilliant and uncertain oxidation alone ; for oxidation is common to inorganic matter : but it is in tbe reflection of the realities portrayed in his tragedy. Just when the truth seems joint maintenance of these—the co-ordination of them. So long as the two go on on the point of allowing itself to be caught, the image grows pale, and 'vanishes; together, life continues : suspend either of them, and the result is—death. its part is played, and it disappears. In the Winter' s Tale, Leontes is as jealous, " The attribute which thus distinguishes the lowest, organic from the highest sanguinary, and unmerciful as Othello; but his jealou sy, born suddenly from a inorganic bodies, similarly distinguishes the higher organisms from the lower ones. mere caprice at the moment when it is necessary that the plot should thicken, loses It is in the greater complexity of the co-ordination—that is, in the greater number its fury and suspicion as suddenly, as soon as the action has reached the point at and variety of the co-ordinated actions—that every advance in the scale of being which it becomes requisite to change the situation. In Cymbeline—which, not- essentially consists. And whether we regard the numerous vital processes carried withstanding its title, ought to be numbered among the comedies, as the piece is on in a creature of complex structure as so many additional processes, or whether, conceived in entire accordance with the same system—Iachimo's conduct is just as more philosophically, we regard them as subdivisions of the two fundamental ones knavish and perverse as that of Iago in Othello ; but his character does not explain •.—oxidation and accretion—the co-ordination of them is still the life. Thus his conduct, or, to speak more correctly, he has no character ; and, always ready turning to what is physiologically classified as the vegetative system, we see that to cast off the rascal's cloak, in which the poet has enveloped him, as soon as the stomach, lungs, heart, fiver, skin, and the rest, must work in concert. If one of plot reaches its term, and the confession of the secret, which he alone can reveal, them does too much or too little—that is, if the co-ordination be imperfect—the liecomes necessary to terminate the misunderstanding between Posthmnus and life is disturbed ; and if one of them ceases to act—that is, if the co-ordination be Imogen, which he alone has caused, he does not even wait to be asked, but by a destroyed—the life is destroyed. So likewise is it with the animal system, spontaneous avowal, deserves to be included in that general amnesty which should which indirectly assists in co-ordinating the actions of the viscera by supplying form the conclusion of every comedy." food and oxygen. Its component parts, the limbs, senses, and instruments of Again :— attack or defence must perform their several offices in proper sequence ; and fur- periodic demands of the viscera, that these "It is utterly futile to attempt to base any classification of Shakspeare's works ther, must conjointl y minister to the l blood. on the distinction between the comic and tragic elements; they cannot possibly be may in turn supp y divided into these two styles, but must be separated into the fantastic and the which real, the romance and the world. The first class contains most of his comedies ; " We find , then, that the co-ordination of actions is a definition of Lite, manifestations; and not onl , but ex- the second comprehends all his tragedies,—immense and living stages, upon which includes alike its highest and its lowest y so h in proportion as all things are represented, as it were, in their solid form, and in the place which presses likewise the degree of Life, seeing that the Life is hig upwards, from the simplest organic cell in they occupied in a stormy and complicated state of civilization. In these dramas, the co-ordination is great. Proceeding , on through the group in which the comic element is introduced whenever its character of reality gives it the right which there are but two interdependent actions h the hi her group in which some of admission and the advantage of opportune appearance. Falstaff appears in the many such cells are acting in concert, on throug g iratory and others the assimilative function— train of Henry V., and Doll Tear-Sheet in the train of Falstaff; the people sur- of these cells assume mainly the resp into round the kings, and the soldiers crowd around their generals ; all conditions of proceeding still to organisms in which these two functions are subdivided cells begin to act together as contractile fibres ; society, all the phases of human destiny appear by turns in juxtaposition, with the many others, and in which some next to organisms in which the visceral division of labour is carried yet further, nature which properly belongs to them, and in the position which they naturally together as muscles—ascending again to occupy. The tragic and comic elements sometimes combine in the same individual, and in which many contractile fibres act bones and and are developed in succession in the same character. The impetuous pre-occu- creatures that combine the movements of several limbs and many impressions aTe pation of Hotspur is amusing when it prevents him from listening to any other muscles in one action ; and further, to creatures in which complex finally at man, in voice than his own, and substitutes his sentiments and words iu the place of the followed by the complex acts we term instinctive—and arriving things which his friends are desirous to tell bim, and which lie is equally anxious whom not only are the separate acts complex, but who achieves his ends by com- to learn ; but it becomes serious and fatal when it leads him to adopt, without due bining together an immense number and variety of acts often extending througb examination, a dangerous project which suddenly inspires him with the idea of years—we see that tbe progress is uniformly towards greater co-ordinat ion of ac- glory. The perverse obstinacy which renders him so comical in his dealings with tions. Moreover, this co-ordination of actions unconsciously constitutes the essence the boastful and vainglorious Glendower, will be the tragical cause of his ruin of our common notion of life ; for we shall find, on inquiry, that when we infer when, in contempt of all reason and advice, and unaided by any succour, he hastens tbe death of an animal, which does not move on being touched, we infer it because to the battle-field, upon which, ere long, left alone, he looks around and sees we miss the usual co-ordination of a sensation and a motion : and we shall also nought but death. Thus we find the entire world, the whole of human realities, find, that the test by which we habitually rank creatures high or low in the scale reproduced by Shakspeare in tragedy, which, in his eyes, was tho universal theatre of vitality is the degree of co-ordination their actions exhibit." of life and truth." The nervous system as the great centre of co-ordinating power is that to which lie directs his main attention ; and according to its greater or These extracts are sufficient to give the tone of the whole. His sagacity :— may be inferred from his accurate perception of the want of genuineness less development must, he thinks, the fertility be less or greater of the " Doubtful Plays," even including " Titus Andronicus"—plays " If organic life he the co-ordination of action.'?, then an organism may be pri- which Schlegel—" that great critic !"—unhesitatingly pronounced to he marily divided into parts whose actions are co-ordinated, and parts w hich co-or- genuine. To he sure, bchlegel is naively dull enough " not to under- dinate them—organs which arc made to work in concert, and the apparatus which stand" what Ben Jonson meant by " Marlowe's mighty line," a confes- makes them so work—or, in other words, tho assimilative, vascular, excretory, and sion which considerably affects confidence in his sagacity. muscular systems on the one hand, and the nervous system on the other. The justness of this classification will become further apparent, when it is remembered HERBERT SPENCER'S THEORY OF POPULATION. that by the nervous system alone is the individuality established. By it all parts A Theory tf Population deduced from the General, Law if Animal Fertility. By are made one in purpose, instead of separate ; by it the organism i.s rendered a Herbert Spencer. John Chapman. conscious whole—is enabled to recognise its own extent and limits ; and by it are This is a reprint of an article in the April number of the Westminster all injuries notified, repairs directed, and tbe general conservation secured. The Meview, and its very great importance warranted tho republication. It more the nervous system is developed, the more reciprocally subservient do the has two distinct though necessarily connected claims on our attention : components of the body become—tbe less can they bear separating. Aud that 1st , as the enunciation of a physiological law of general fertility ; 2nd, as which thus individuates many parts into one whole, must be considered as more a solution of the great population problem. That Malthus is repugnant broadly distinguished from the parts individuated , than any of these parts from to our moral feelings, and that such repugnance should warn us of some each other. Further evidence in support of this position may be drawn from the Haw in his argument, has over and over again been insisted ou in these fact, that as we ascend in the scale of animal life, that is, as the co-ordination of columns ; and it is with peculiar satisfaction we welcome every attempt to actions becomes greater, we find the co-ordinating or nervous system becoming justify by rigorous science this verdict of tho feelings on a point so vital. more and more definitely separated than the rest ; and in the vertebrate or highest .Let us, however, fr ankly at tho outset declare, that al though the general type of structure we find the division above insisted on distinctl y marked." law enunciated by Mr. Herbert Spencer has not simply our assent , but W ithout touching upon tho various points by which he endeavours to that adherence which must conn; from having by our own researches by an prove the law ho would enunciate, w e may sum up in this formula, " Repro- independent path arrived at the same result, nevertheless its application duction being antagonistic to self-maintenance, the matter which would to the great population question is by no means so clear and convincing to otherwise go towards tho formation of the individual being used for the our minds as to his, and we await his fuller development of tho views hero reproduction of the race ; and Hell-maintenance being essentially dependent brielly indicated. There is one important consideration ho ban still to on co-ordinating power, the law ia that : meet—viz., that the domestication ot animals has tho indisputable result Th e fertility of an animal is inversely in the ratio of the formation of of increasing their fertility. The wild dog has but one litter a-year ; tho nervous tissue. domesticated dog baa two. The hare has but two or throe breeds a-year, For a number of reasons too lengthy to bo hero stated, wo prefer tho und only three or four at a birth ; the domestic, rabbit breeds nearly every formula wo ourselvcti arrived at, viz. .- month , and with fro m live to nine at a time. The wild pi g has hut one Heproduction. is inversely in the ratio of the formation of tissue. fqrrow a-year of from eight to ten at a time ; tho domestic pig has two We say tissue generally in preference to the special nervous tissue, farrows and often as many as fifteen at a time. Domesticated man in also because in the first place tho law will not otherwise include vegetable far more and in prolific than tbe savage ; proportion as civilization reduces reproduction, which a law must include ; and moreover hy thus gene- the whole human race to its rules, we may expect to see a greater fertility, ralizing wo get rid of many facts which seem to contradict tho law when unless it can bo shown that causes now in operation will counteract the it is made specially applicable to nervous tissue. h"or example, tendency to tho over- increase. Tho question, however, ia too lurgo to bo argued feeding of onimala makes thein sterile ; yet it doeu not increase their nervous development ; the underfeeding of animals increases their fertility, consequence of the results attained by the preliminary sciences, the double because (by a law as yet undetermined, but one we hope some day to Biological problem may thus receive its formula :—• of the tissues it demonstrate) by diminishina the rap idity of the f ormation Given, the organ or the organic modification, io f iiid the fut tctioii or the necessary accelerates the throwing off of those germ cells or sperm cells act, and reciprocally. to reproduction. That Biology is far from the state of positivism to admit of such scientific We despair of making this intelligible to any one not familiar with the minor cases, all persons familiar with the science latest views of physiology. But we will try a fi gurative hypothesis : prevision, except in need Assuming that the food assimilated hy an organism is equivalent to 20, not to be told. This was still more the case at the time Comte published and that this 20 is to be divided among the tissues according to the his views, viz., in 1838. And although in the first volume of his Politique demand made by the syst em, it is easy to see that if the demand be very Positive, published last year, he alludes to the important discoveries of great in all directions—as in the rapid growth of youth—the whole of the Schwann, relative to the " cell doctrine," it is plain that he has not followed 20 will go to form the tissues of the bod and none will remain for repro- y with much attention the rapid course of physiological investigation. I duction ; if the demand of the muscular tissue be excessive, it must be at mention this for the sake of those who are about to study his work. the expense of the adipose or nervous tissues ; and where there is bulk as Not well as activity to be supplied, it must also be at the expense of the repro- that the present state of the science in any way modifies the general philo- ductive power (which will account for the notorious stupidity and sterility sophic considerations he has set forth with such profound and exhaustive of the athletes). In other words the food, when assimilated, is ready for insight. What Buffon said of Pliny may be truly applied to Comte, that conversion either into any one of the tissues, or into the reproductive he had " cette facility de p enser en grand qui multiplie la science (a phrase cells—and one is always at the expense of the other. I can only inadequately translate as " that capacity for large generalizations Schwann admirably demonstrated that all the tissues and organized which enriches science"). parts are produced from cells similar to those which singly or in a certain The definition of the science given, let us now examine its Method. group, compose the germ or egg. We know that in the lowest plants and The animals each cell separated from the organism can become an independent philosophic law, laid down by Comte, respecting the inevitable augmenta- organism, and as even in the highest organisms all the tissues are tion of our scientific resources according as the phenomena become more developed from cells, which if not developed would have been available for complicated, receives in Biology an unequivocal illustration. If the reproduction, so we say that Reproduction varies inversely with the forma- phenomena of life are incomparably more complex than those of the tion of tissue. inorganic world, our means of . exploring them are more extensive. He has " The necessary antagonism," says Mr. Spencer, " of Individuation and Repro- already pointed out the three capital arts of exploration, viz., Observation, duction does indeed show itself amongst the higher animals, in some degree in the and manner hitherto traced ; namely, as determining the total bulk. Though the Experiment, Comparison ; and he proceeds to show at great length parts now thrown off, being no longer segments of gemmse, are not obvious dimi- how these three arts are employed in Biology. nutions of the parent, yet they must be really such. Under the form of internal Of Observation, properly so called, we not only find a great extension in fission , tbe separative tendency is as much opposed to the aggregative tendency as the study of life, resulting from the countless variety of phenomena to be ever ; and, oilier things equal, the greater or less developm ent of the individual observed, but also from the employment of artificial means whereby our depends upon the less or greater production of new individuals or germs of new senses are raised to an incalculably higher power : such for example as the individuals. As in groups of cells, and series of groups of cells, we saw that there microscope and the stethoscope. No one even superficiall familiar with was in each species a limit, passing which, the germ product would not remain y c united ; so in each species of higher animal there is a limit, passing which, the micros opical researches will fail to see their immense importance, in spite process of cell-multiplication results in the throwing off of cells, instead of resulting of the errors into which the very difficulty of rightly observing, and the in the formation of more tissue. Hence, taking an average view, we see why the tendency to see what they wish to see, have led inquirers. What would our smaller animals so soon arrive at a reproductive age, and produce large and frequent knowledge of the tissues be without the microscope ? broods ; and why, conversely, increased size is accompanied by retarded and Of Experiment, in the strict sense of the word as used in Physics and diminished fertility." Chemistry, there is little employment possible : the complexity and cdnnexity We must content ourselves with this incomplete notice of a theory (if I may coin the word) of the phenomena prevent that indispensable elimina- w hich wr ould demand several articles to treat properly; enough has been tion of all the circumst done if we have excited the reader's attention to it, with some qualification ances but the one which we desire to observe ; and of its statement. almost all the direct experiments are rendered equivocal by the impossibility of isolating the phenomena. Yet Biology has a kind of experiment peculiar BOOKS ON OUR TABLE to itself, and rich in indications—I mean the experiments Nature herself Frcderica Bremer' s Works; the Neighbours and other Tales. Translated from the makes for us in the various anomalies of organization, and the various Swedish. B ' Q. y Mary Howitt. (Bohn s Standard JLdbrary.) II. Boliu. abnormal indications of Disease. Mary Howitt who introduced the writings of Miss Bremer ten years ago, to a Comparison is however the great art of Biology, and Comte is ri ht in public eager for novelty, has now collected six short tales, and added them to The g dev to it tbe Neighbours, to form one volume of Bohn' s Standard Librarg. oting great space he does. Instinctively men avail themselves of this fertile source of knowledge, but so little philosophic conviction is Pyrote.chny; or, a Familiar System of Recreative Fireworks. By G. W. Mortimer. Second Edition, revised. J. S. Hodgson. there of its paramount importance that not one physiologist in a hundred conceives himself to A povui.a'h and familiar exposition of an art dreaded by mothers, gloried in by be violating scientific Method in beginning and ending small boy s, and admired in its results by gaping thousands every summer night. his studies with tbe physiology of man ! To begin the study of Euclid at the twelfth book would not be more absurd. Our ascent must be gradual. The Comedies of Plautus , literally translated into English prose, with notes. By Henry Thomas Riley, b.A, In M vols. (Bohn' s Classical Library.) Vol. 1. Taking a broad survey of all its manifestations, we find that Life has two H. ii. Bohn. grand divisions—Vegetative and Animal ; or, to use Bichat's language, A utkuai, translation, but, like all literal translations, having advantages and dis- Org ante Life and Relative Life. We see Plants and Animals,—the latter advantages pretty equally balanced. The notes are brief and to the purpose. This feeding on the former ; but we also see that the Animal itself is onl dis- volume contains The Trinummus, Miles Gloriosns, Pacch idcs, Slichus, Psriidolus, y Menachmi, Aid ul ari a, Cap livi, Asin aria , and Cur cut io. tinguished from the Plant by the possession of certain faculties, over and above those of Organic or Vegetative life—viz., the faculties of sensation and locomotion. Equally to the Animal as to the Plant arc organs of Ihxthiu. nutrition and reproduction indispensable ; and Cuvier's notion of an animal being able to live for a moment by its Animal Life alone, betrays a pro- We should do our utmost to enoouni//c the beautiful , for the Jaei'ul enco urage found misconception of the nature of Life. As it is the vegetables which lLaeli.—Uoj cTiiit . supply Animals with food, so in Animals it is the vegetative life which sup- ports the relative life. OOMTK'S POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY. Physiologists have not sufficientl y borne in mind that although in Man IIY (it . IT. TjTCW KS. the Animal Life has a predominance over the Vegetative Life, nevertheless Pa rt XV.—Scope and Method of Biology. it is only superposed on the Vegetative, and can never for nn instant be It will now be possible to venture on a definition of the science of Life, independent of it. Nature presents to us a marvellous procession from the and a circumspection of its scope and Method. Wc bave .seen that the Plant, which ban only Organic: Life, to the Zoophyte, which exhibits a com- idea of Life 'presupposes the constant co-relation of two indispensable mencement of Animal Life, up through Animals to Man, with a gradual elements, an organism and u medium (understanding by medium the whole complexity of organism, and gradual enhancement of the animal life ; so of the .surroundingcircumstances necessary to the e-fistenee of the organism.) that, from simple processes of assimilation and reproduction our investiga- From the reciprocal action of these two elements, result all the phenomena tion rises to locomotion , sensation , intelligence, morality, and sociality ! of life. Hence it follows that the. great, problem of Biology is to establish The great change from inorganic to organic, that is to say, the first vital for ever}' case, by tbe smallest possible number of invariable laws, an exact act, i.s assimilation ; add thereto the act of reproduction , and you have the hai.moiiy between these two inseparable powers of tin: vital conflict and the whole life of a cell, the simplest of organisms. act which constitutes it; in other words, to connect: the twofold idea of " A cell, says Dr. Carpenter, " i n physiological language is a closed organ and medium with that of function. Thus, positive ltiology is destined vesicle, or minute bag, formed by a membrane in which no definite struc- to connect, in every determinate case, the anatomical with the physiological ture can be discerned, and having no cavity which may contain matter of point of view, the static with the d ynamic condition. It is this which con- variable consistence. Every such cell constitutes an entire organism iu stitutes its true philosophic character. Placed in a given set of circum- such simple plants as red snow or gory dew ; hir although the patches of stances, every organism must alway s act in a determinate manner ; and this kind of vegetation which attract notice are made up of vast aggrega- inversely, the same action cannot be identically produced by organisms tions of such cells, yet tbey have no dependence upon one another, aad really distinct. So that we may infer the agent from tbe act, or tbe net the actions of each arc an exact repetition of thoso of the rest." The cell, from the agent. The medium being presupposed as thoroughly known, in in short, is a plant—minute, yet individual—and its powera of reproduc- symmetrical, that even tion (i. e., of throwing off cells similar to itself,) is so great, that extensive energy ; but that is so complete, thfe actibrt is so action is, does iibt tracts of snow are reddened quite suddenly hy the Prolococeus nivalis (red the vehemence of the death contest, natural ki evety as indfe^d all per- snow.) "In sueh a celV continues Dr. Carpenter, " every organized destroy the beattty and symmetry of the composition ; work, f abric, however complete, originates. The vast tree, almost a forest in fectly constituted frames, when they are most pressed for energetic . Besides this itself the zoophyte, in which we discover the lowest indications of animality show in the most vivid form the beauties of their action in the ^-and the feeling, thinking, intelligent man—each springs from a germ display of vitality; we cannot fail as fellow creatures to sympathize action that differs in no obvious particular, from the permanent condition of one of wonderful skill and adroitness of the artist, so to grasp vehement it down to those lowly beings." which would toss and whirl about the stene of contest, to bring and to I point to this identity of the biological series, and to the necessity of one point or space of time without destroying its breathing vitality, The compre- what I term the processional method of studying the series, for the sake fix it there foT our contemplation through successive ages. the sympath that he of making more apparent the indispensable method of comparison. Only hension of life that he possesses, the power of hand, y ate by studying the varieties of the organism, as manifested in its increasing must have felt for all that belonged to that energetic vitality—these complexity of structure and intensity of power, can we rightly appreciate it. the things trbieh, long after he has sunk in the tomb, come Over us with Cuvier well says, that the examination of the comparative anatomy of an the sense of him, of his feelings, and of his power, that reflects back upon or°-an, in its ascending gradation from the simplest to the most complex ourselves and makes us more conscious of what our race can do, either in state (or, as he and the majority of French writers prefer to study it, in the shape of a John of Bologna, the artist, or in the shape of combatants the descending degradation, from the most complex to the most simple,) is combating for life. equival ent to an experiment which consists in removing successive portions In this groupe, the mortal action is not accomplished, and is not, so to of the organ with a view to ascertain its essential part. Take, for example, speak, protracted for our contemplation ; but in other works it is. The the ear. The essential part is unquestionably the vestibule ; all the other poets especially have delighted to dwell on the fiercest and most ghastly portions, the semicircular canals, the cochlea, the tympanum and its con- scenes of death-giving. In the poem from which this subject is taken, f or tents, are successive additions corresponding with the increasing perceptive example, in the Metamorphoses, Ovid has revelled in an abundance and powers. diversity of mortal wounding ; and we can all remember how beautiful the Comparative Anatomy is therefore the basis of Philosophical Anatomy, episode of Cyliarus and Hylotiome bursts forth from the scene of tumult, and before we can understand the Laws of Life it is indispensable that we doubly contrasting with that in its simplicity and sweetness. The episode embrace the whole immense variety of vital phenomena : a stupendous sends us back to the scene of death with the stronger sympathy for those task, and one which, with Comte, we may justly regard as one of the who succumb, but with an equal sense that not even that scene of hideous greatest testimonies to the power of man's intellect. confusion could extinguish the Stately beauty of CyllarUs, or the tenderness It is requisite, says Comte, to distinguish the diverse aspects in which of Hylotiome. There is a redemption for all such natures, whithersoever biological comparison may be viewed. First, Comparison between the they may be born. various parts of each organism ; Second, Between the sexes ; Third, Be- Thus, again, in the episode of Angelica and Medoro you are made, with tween the diverse phases presented in the ensemble of development ; the hero, to taste the bitterness of death. He and his fellow servant, Fourth, Between the races or varieties of each species ; Fifth, Between all Cloridan o, find their master dead on the field of battle, and determine to the organisms of the hierarchy. carry away the body for burial. They are pursued, and Cloridano, pre- In the researches I have for some time been conducting, with a view to suming that his fellow would accompany him, drops the body, and runs off. the discovery of the law of reproduction, the necessity for a constant recur- Medoro, however, remains, and turning against the pursuers, resolves to rence to the comparative method has vividly impressed itself on my mind ; defend the body to the last. Cloridano, finding he is not followed, sur- and I would point also to the equally fundamental question of assimila tion mises what has happened, goes back to see his companion sink under the as another illustration. Seeing that the first stage in the transformation swords of the enemy, rushes forth, and is killed. Medoro, however, has of inorganic into organic matter takes place in vegetable assimilation, and sustained the combat well and bravely against accumulating wounds. He that all the subsequent transformations into higher tissues are but modifi- faces the numbers ; he is struck many times, but continues fi ghting like a cations of that one process, it is clear that *the elementary laws of assimila- she bear for its young. The captain of the pursuers approachies him, and tion may more easily be detected in the vegetable than in the animal world.* is about to inflict the last wound, but, struck by the beauty of the youth's countenance, he has not the heart to finish him, and he rides off. Medoro rilE DISCIPLINE OF ART falls under the wounds he has received, and thus he is found by the Prin- cess Angelica, who carries him off, cures him, and marries him. m the Letter II.—To A a. process, however, the poet describes with minuteness and force the succes- We were to consider the working of the influence of Art through the pas- sion of emotions that swayed Modoi o, and also the ruder Cloridano—the sions , even those that are considered to be the most worthy of suppression resolution, the suffering, the grief, the bitterness of coming death, and, —and notably the impulse of destruction. Murder and slaughter, in their finally, the sense of death itself ; and yet, although you have the intensest various forms, have engaged the hands df the finest artists in every branch. sense, through many lines, of the blood and tears, it is impossible to deny —in poetry, painting, and music,—with a constancy too marked to permit that the admiration of the poet's force, the moral admiration of the living a doubt whether such subjects are suitable for art, even in the highest. It subject , are accompanied by a sense of happiness enhanced, rather than does not require much reflection to point out the true reason. In the marred, by the ghastlier traits of the incident. midst of life we are in death ; but also, in the midst of death we are in And why ? Not simply because there is a didactic "' victory over death ;" life. Of all the vital functions that we know, death is the most transient ; for, to a certain extent, the evil is unredeemed. The attack of the pur- so far as we understand it, it is but the portal to life of other kinds, suers is a wanton sally, altogether against the principles of any peace party whether in the mere material form, as in the transformation of the elements that ever lived ; and the death of Cloridano is a plain sacrifice. Never- which constitute organized beings, or in that other form to which our in- theless, besides the action and energy, which always excite sympathy; be- stincts regularly point : in any ense it is one of th^j primitive, essential, and sides the beauty of tbe motives that urge the two young men—the un- perfectly natural functions of life. Life, however, clings to itself, and flinching fidelity of the more beautiful Medoro, and the returning steadfast- death , which terminates one form of life, constitutes that which life avoids ness of Cloridano when be finds the danger of his companion—besides with the most steadfast energy. It is not true that on all occasions self- these objects for admiration, there is drawn forth in the mind a sense of preservation is the strongest of instincts, but on the average it is eminently the nature of the two, and especially of Medoro's. By no other means true. Death, therefore, besides being a primary and essential function of could you be so conscious of the qualities of such a nature. The courage, life, and therefore a proper clement in that which constitutes the reflex of the physical energy accompanying it, tbe tenderness, the physical beauty, lde, is also a test of the other vital forces, which either inflict or conquer the capacity of tbat physical beauty for happiness and for sympathy,—all it. Tiie living creature, which iu its superior strength has the power of these qualities are tested and set forth by the action of the story, with a indicting death upou another, especially when that other is powerful and vividness impossible to any other process, l'oti will observe, however, that able in contest, puts his own energy to a manifest and strong test ; even they are, qualities which concern the action of life in the highest degree. be who contends against death , when it does come, if it come vigorously, You will observe, too, that they are shown carry ing on their force against exhibits to the eyes in strong force the power of resisting the fate that all every opposing fo rce : against death , fear, despair. Such as Medoro may living creature* dread. The contest between the Centaur and Lapitha, live and never put their qualities to teats of the kind ; but when the occa- which we see in one of the obscure streets of Florence, displays this energy sion arises, and tbe true lumper of tbe quality is tested, then the victim: ni both its aspects, —tbe conqueror and the conquered. The Lapitha becomes a sponsor for the rest of his kind, a spohsor indeed for himself iu partly bestrides the Centaur, dragging back his head by the hair, and he is his past life ; aud by this great sacrifice, wc become newly aware of elements about to dash a horn-like weapon into the face of the victim. The strug- which contribute to life in its finest essence. gling energy of fhe Centaur is full of life , strained to its utmost bent, even The emotions which at tend the approach of death have been a frequent up to the point where it is abruptl y to terminate. The, Lapitha, with well- subject, with the, finest mntrieinns, but perhaps there is no mote beautiful knit joints, muscles that, contract b y the force of life in every part, and examp le than the long scene in wh ich Rossini makes Desdemona iiwait the action that dashes into its work with an agility perfectly master over itself, approach of her murderer, Otello. The story is well known, through tf'ves us the aspect of a fellow creature thoroug hly possessing his own life Shakespeare 's version, nnd 1 mi ht point to Shakespeare himself us a such degree, that be g "' who contends against it must succumb. In this familiar specimen of the same truth. But in the opera Dcsdethona expects < ase wc have indeed nothing more than an exhibition of intense physical her fate with u more distinct foreboding, dwells upon it with a more un- For tho Comte Subscription Fund I hayo to acknowledge the receipt of 11, from M. disguised terror, and yet, in the long romance which she sittgs, as recalling the fate of a companion who died early, and which is broken oii by her Awakened. But the Child, low murmuring, said, hysterical terror—in the sustained and sweet prayer which follow s it—and " Kiss, kiss me, mother dear, and clasp my hand, in the agitated duet terminating the scene, we are conscious of a tender And say farewell to me ere I depart, and loving nature, so true to its own qualities that no horror, no cruelty, Where all day long the lovely children play, can overcome the power of these qualities—can make that nature anything On pleasant fields of yellow asphodel : but sweet and loving—can condemn it to a bitterness which is not redeemed Clasp, clasp me, mother, ere I fade from life, by beauty and faith. In this, as in the other cases, the cruelty and death And kiss me as I kist thee yesterday ; become tests of those diviner influences which give to lif e its highest and I shall not need thy kisses any more, truest happiness. When a pale shade I play with shades as pale." bo m many versions of the greatest sacrifice of ( martyrdom recorded in So spake she, but her words were pent by Death, history—the Crucifixion. Blood and tears are presented in their nakedest In that great Darkness where new stars appear. aspect, certainly with no feelings of revulsion to the spectator. The Her mother answered not, but from her brow " Ecce Homo" of Annibal Caracci represents Jesus wearing the crown of Parting the wavy gold she kist the child, thorns, probably after undergoing the scourge ; Mary, the mother, fainting Who, smiling, from her kisses faded fast. with agony. The countenance of Mary is exquisitely beautiful, but is There was no moan for her, no falling tear, simp ly given up to the physical sense of that agony which the unconquer- No sigh, nor stifled sob, who thus from life able sweetness of the countenance of Jesus is incapable of expressing, Gently withdrew ; but Ariadne knelt, because the sweetness is so unconquerable. No scourge, no bitterness of Folding her hands, beside that fair dead child, approaching death, no injustice, can extinguish the love, and the grace With look eternal and prophetic soul, which accompanies love, in that countenance. The Divine power of the That welcomed every evil it divined : Atonement, as it was understood by the painter, triumphs over all ; and in So leave them with no wail upon the night, the agony of the mother the intensity of the suffering is expressed. Her To the calm Gods, and to the patient stars. agony is the measure of the power of life surmounting death, which is the subject of the picture ; the blood and tears being the test of it, and them- selves deriving a value from the sublime truth which they become the €k Ms. means of expounding. It needs the most perfect natures, the strongest powers of vitality, to VIVIAN IK THE DUMPS. sustain these trials of mortality with firmness and with unfailing dignity or I have received this letter from my f riend Vivian , written in his blackest beauty of feeling. Perfect and symmetrical natures are perfect and sym- ink :— metrical in all their actions. Independently, therefore, of the canon which " Dear Chat Huant,—A better man than I shall ever be—Horatius I have mentioned in my previous letter, and which requires an ideal beauty Flaccus by name—ran bravely away f rom the battle f ield when he saw as the means of expression in painting, there is this additional truth—that the day was lost ; with that discretionary valour so commendable in men a beautiful action is capable of its most complete and beautiful perform- of sense he threw his sword and shield over the hedge, and intrepidly ance by an organization which is in itself most retired to his villa at Tusculum : complete and beautiful. Somno et inertibus horis Thus our feelings are led to associate with the sense of that which we Ducere solicits jucunda obbvia vita. admire, with the sense of that which we instinctivel y seek to imitate or envy, and to be And there to write Sapphics which should drive poets mad with , the things also which are in themselves admirable and beautiful. perplex long generations of schoolboys. I, who am fond of quoting In other words, while we contemplate a perfect work of art, representing a Horace, imitate him, run away, desert my post, burn my pen, and pack perfect action of dignit)^ or of beauty, we become impressed with the my carpet-bag. The dog days in London are too formidable. I could sublime feelings that dictated that action, that animated that work of art bear them if I were happy, but being miserable I succumb. —we become imbued with those feelings to such a degree that at the "«Vivian miserable ! Vivian the gay ! Is he then in love P' Not he: moment we are more capable than otherwise we should be of understanding Pas si bete ! He asks— * rom Hate that work of art, of performing Wherein doth Love differ f that action ; the aspect of a perfect life When it doeth the work of Hate—destroy ? arouses in us, so far, the instinctive impulse to be tbat to which we avo And judiciousl avoids that passion so destructive of the appetite and drawn—to y be strong over peril or even death, to be sustained by dignity complexion. But the Blue Devils assail him, he knows not wherefore, against injury, to uphold grace from the mire of debasement by its own unless they be in the atmosphere. divine power. In these things, most excellent, the work of art affects as " No matter for the cause, I have lost my gaiety, and no one will read the presence and example of a beloved friend, making us to partake even me unless I recover it by the quickening influence of the country. I have in ourselves of its diviner influence. As witnesseth your tried everything London affords and failed. I have over eaten myself, Th ornton Hunt. and it did me no good. I have taken pints of full bodied port and am none the better for it. I have read Sherlock « On Death' and it didn't enliven me. I went through Tillotson's sermons without a smile. I havo PASSAGES FROM A BOY'S EPIC, attended a vestry meeting and come away a hotter, not a better, man. I vn. have seen Charles Kean act, and felt no spiritual exaltation follow it. A pall of ennui is spread over the sky. I am as mopish as if I were married, T HE DEATH OK URANIA . and lived in a provincial town. That adorable Fanny who says, sho Through court and spacious square the Princess past, ' likes Vivian when he is serious,' would adore me now. I am as serious Nor paused until she read it the poplar trees 51 a t.n-vna lains Beside the palace gates. Here fingering winds " By the way, I wish you would tell Fanny the next time she comp , of ' should I With song my being ' such a coxcomb, that her complaint is idle. Why of birds amid the dancing leaves, not boa coxcomb if Nature has made me one ? Nature has need of cox- And sigh of reed, and rush, and waving grass, combs—she delights in tfiem, or sho would not make them. Troubled the else inviolable calm. " To resume. The object of this lugubrious letter is to tell you that my The daylight waned ; the red and circular moon gaiety is gone, my ' occupation is gone,' and operas aro as odious to me as Showed near and large, and with dim shapeless fears the little bills that aro always being ' made up.' Will you ' do my spiriting Perplext the heart ; and Ariadne saw gently,' and write tho splendid articles I should have written F I am ofl a From starry heights in worlds invisible, to ' fresh fields and pastimes new' to seek reinv igoration in Nature, and volume of tho Christian Fathers. Hope fall , as falls to earth a heavy stone , "Ever affectionately yours, Vivian." Which sonic strong hand has hurled above the clouds last, Yet paused she not, but through the palace gates, Our Constant, Headers will remember, it was about this sultry time year, that at the I'm Now opening to her, entered, and beheld prayer of Vivian , who began to sicken and to say, " aweary, aweary," I firs t sat down and took up modern Within the gates, bidden in my pen (as our swathing grass, Sovignes say) to give the .Leader an opportunity of forming an intimacy Urania, her fair daughter, haply here with a delightfully fresh and simple nature. Indeed this was the only fa- Deserted by the women, when the din vourable point of contrast by which I. could hope to reconcile a worldly- And outcry of the frantic populace minded public to a temporary loss of Vivian. If is so pleasant after all , Boiled up to heaven, and they bcwildciftd nought especially at this season, fo come in contact with a soft green bit of real Refuge; in fli ght and iu some cave obscure. nature, and such was mine, fresh from tin; society, calm yet cheerful , ol three maiden aunts in tbe The child lay sleeping on her folded (and a torn cat) in a far oil country village .arm, west of England. Kvon the best, able to Jler hair in friends of Vivian have never been golden tendrils shadowy fell accuse him of simp licity of nature, or to acquit him of knowledge of tho Over her face and neck, and lightly came world. For no other reuHon as I conceive, he pounced upon me for his And went the breath between her parted lips, substitute in the dog days. Alas ! since this day last year I havo tasted Fragrant and soft , while scarce one happy smile ofthoVauxha.il ham of " life;." I have experienced its unsntisfy ingnesH , ds Unfiled the summer culm of looks as clear steely flavour ; I am no more ihe guileless heart of other days. Since 1 le As waters dreaming in a glassy pool. have enjoyed the intimacy of Vivian, ho has taught mi?, rather by examp than precept, the vanity of existence without an aim, and that aim very Then o'er the slumbcrer Ariadne leant distant wedlock with some rich and aged spinster, suggestive of immor- And woke her, breathing warmly on her face, telles and legacies, and meanwhile a bachelorhood of independent feelings- And fanning her light hair : so never more Yes, Vivian, the philosopher of iiinouciunce, huB converted mo, a fresh nature, into a mocking man of the world. I have been so near to merits—the rich and varied instrumentation, the profound science and child of difficult I felt it to « successes" when I have received letters from fait strangers addressed to the wayward beauty P Yet I frankly confess how full of "that darling Vivian"—using me as a species of parat onnerre assume indignation when a terribly sincere friend , an arch musical heretic - jne, but that he believed conduct the lightning. And yet again I have been so near to staid and assured me " that he had been unequivocably bored ; to , but were ashamed to proper habits when (as on one memorable occasion) I have found that same nine-tenths of the audience had been bored too reading a volume of sermons aloud in an unearthly voice to a confess it; that he had watched the habitues retiring in pairs to exchange V ivian y extolled—that the music was serious family, who always speak of him as " that exemplary young man." their private opinion of what they publicl sincere in fragmentary, patchy, overlaid with modulations, and indeterminate : Now, do not let it be supposed that Vivian-was not perfectly these sermons : for do we not all " play many parts," and he had deficient in symmetry, freedom, and breadth ; that, in short, he was reading ; but that for all that, no doubt the prepared himself for the feat by a serious attack of indigestion. Well ! bored, and not ashamed to say so composition , as Spohr was, unequivocally, once more sick of the season, and of the streets , and of the Parks, and of opera was a masterpiece of composer." the staircases of London houses (at countless balls) and. of operas with a great habitues and lorgnettes, and faded small talk, and of all disguises of Wow, without pretending to discriminate at this moment what grains of my heretical friend, on ennui, he has hied away to the Sabine farm of a friend whose solitude of truth there may be in this blunt testimony more peopled with the good and great, than even London with knaves a second hearing only, (I heard the opera once before given by the German is was immense, and included and fools, for antiquity is his solace, as the present is his earnest study, company) I may briefly say, that the audience and the future his serene contemplation. Ah 3 " constant readers," you all that remains in town of art, science, learning, wealth, and rank ; that know Vivian re-habilitated by country air, and early rising. many portions of the opera were heard with evident pleasure, and all would not " But what an office he has left to me, to " do" the operas and theatres; to with attention and respect ; that the critics were en grande tenue ; and me, who for some weeks past carefull y abstain from places of amusement, that the libretto is about the most intolerably imbecile and confused even finding no attraction half so powerful as the attraction of the Dog Star ! of librettos. The argument is dwarfed into a mere nursery fable of -^-««^j .. _ . __ -_ , histopheles the Bogie. Those JAUCS 111, expects,a.fj +*\s~ me.^ .^ to~~ gogj ^ to~~ Drury Lane—which~ ,.. — however I— am g,_, lad to which Faust is the wicked man and Mep Does he ^ ^ hear is to be opened by a powerful dramatic company for legitimate per- who went expecting to find Goethe set to Spohr, must have been ludi- formances P crously deceived. For the present I prefer to lounge away an hour in the Surrey Zoological Formes was the artist of the night. He was quite at home, and evi- Gardens, at Jullien's Concerts d'Ete, humming an accompaniment to dently revelled in the character of Mephistopheles. He sang the difficult the JPr ima donna, and glancing from the Mons. himself to my country music assigned to him superbly, and his costume and attitudes were those cousins, who cannot take their eyes off him for a moment, but feast on of a perfect Wretch—or, as some will persist in spelling it, Ketzch. But the expansive glories of their demigod. Cremorne, too, is enticing to the I still protest with Yivian against the practice of making Mephistopheles street-weary ; and one may fairly plead guilty to Vauxhall ; but you such a mere fiend. He should sink the fiend in the accomplished gentle- w ill very probably insist on hearing something about man. Uonconi is certainly not well fitted in Faust : a character too his music with power and FAUST, closely resembling Don Giovanni : but he sang effect, and acted with great purpose and dignity. Tamberlik took every produced at Covent Garden last Thursday. As I was unable to be in for occasion he could find to display the summits of his glorious voice ; Anna the beginning (a very rare occurrence with me), you must accept on Je?errwas probably as good a JRosina as could be found in Europe; and hearsay the report of the first act. But first let me tell you that grand Castellan lent her full rich voice to the uninteresting Cunigonda—a sort old Spohr was nobly welcomed when he took Costa's seat in the of ditto of the Frincess in Robert Le Dia b le. Castellan as an actress orchestra. His age, genius, and fame merited the reception ; perhaps, is always—Castellan ; never the character assumed. After the fall of the too, we do not like him the worse that he is persecuted by the Elector of curtain the grand and venerable figure of Spohr again appeared before Hesse Cassel. The overture (I am told) caused a lively sensation ; and the curtain, in obedience to a hearty summons, and was loudly cheered. in the first act Ronconi, Tamberlik, and Formes roused the house to Probably I may have more to say of Faust before Vivian's return ; or, enthusiasm. The second and third acts (when I was present) certainly which would be better for you, he will. did not excite any enthusiasm , but a considerable distribution of well- I have only now to add that the orchestra did the most entire justice to deserved applause. The last act was a disappointment to many ; the its presiding chief, whom the Times distinguishes as the " greatest con- curtain seemed to descend abruptly on an Inferno closely resembling the ductor on the continent," and to his work*- and the mise en scene was as last scene of Don Giovanni, with a " property " or two from the lavish and magnificent as the execution ef the music was unexceptionable. incantation scene of the Freyschutz, fiends more brilliant and fire more brother artist was Costa, I believe, played the organ—a tribute to his great bright, and the siti^ation just similar enough to suffer by com- equally worthy oi both. parison. With regard to the music, who can question its extraordinary X,s Chat-Hoant.

Queen Elizabe th. — Elizabeth , whose despotism THE Affectio satewebb op Bwai/rsTrMEw—If. there FOREIGN FUNDS. is one passion more than another which distinguishes (Last Official Quotation dubing thb Week ending was as peremptory as that of the Plantagenets, and Tiiubsdat Evening.) whoso ideas of the English constitution were limited the manly and generous heart of the Englishman, Belgian 4r| per Cents A5£ Mexican 5 p. Cents., 1846 323 J in the highest degree, was, notwithstanding, more be- it is that of personal attachment. He ignores Brazilian 6 por Cents. ... 102 $ Mexican 3 pqr Cents 25§2 loved her subjects than any Rov i before or forei gners at a distance ; but when they come to him, Buenos Ayres 6 p. Cents. 80 Russian 4J per Cents. ... 10103f by ta^ gn Danish 5 per Cents 107% Spanish 3 p. Cents. New since. It was because, substantially she was the if they come recommended by their antecedents, and Dutch 2* per Cents 03J Deferred 222 people's sovereign ; because it was given to her to con- make an appeal to his eyes and his ears, he almost Dutch 4 per Cent. Certif. 97J Sardinian Bds. 5 p. Cent. 9195i Granada Deferred 9| duct the outgrowth of the national life through its worships them. We all recollect with what enthusiasm crisis of change, and the weight of her great mind the populace received Marshal Soult on his visit to ' and her great place were thrown on tho people s London a few years ago , . it took his own countrymen In tIie course 0f nexfc month will be commenced, side. She was able to paralyse the dying efforts altogether by surprise. . Who so unpopular thirty years . PoBTPOHO, the Av 'uh which, if a Stuart had been on tho throne, ago as that magnanimousus man, Lord Londonderry ? the representatives of an eflete system might have yet when he appeared at George tho Fourth's corona- "LETTERS OF A VAGABOND." made the struggle a deadly one ; and the history tion, the sight of his noble figure and bearing drew of England is not the history of France, because shouts of applause from the multitude, who thought the inflexible will of one person held the Kcformation they hated him. George himself, worthless as he firm till it had rooted itself in the heart of tho nation, seems to have been, for how many years had he been Cfrc Zoological (SXar &ett: ^ and could not bo again overthrown. The Catholic faith an object of populai admiration ! till his wife, a more REGENT'S PARK, was no longer able to furnish standing ground on urgent candidate for tho eye of pity and sympathy, Are Opon to ViHitora daily. The Collection now contains upwards of 1500 Specimen*, including a fine Chimpanzkh, tho Hippo- which the English or any other nation could live a supp lanted him. Charles tho Second, tho most pro- pot/,mun preaeutud by 11.11. the Viceroy of Kfjypt , EijBPHAnts, manly and a godly life. Feudalism, as a social or- fli gate of monarchs, lived in the hearts of bis people Rhinockhos, Gihafkks and youiur, Lhvooryx and younp, Elands, Hontkhokh, Camhi.h Zkhkah ganization was not any more a system under which till tho day of his death . It ia the way with Englinh - , , Lionh, Tiurhb, , Jaguahs, Ii kails, OnTiirciiKH , and tho Afthhvx presented Iiy t heir energies could have scopo to move. Thencefor- men. A saint in rags would bo despised ; in broad- tho Lieut.-Governor of New Zealand. All Vinilora aro now ward not the Catholic Church, but any man to whom cloth, or in silk , ho would he thought something more admitted to Mr. Gould'B Collection of Humming IIiiidh without any extra charge. ordinary, dod had given a heart to feci und ti voice to speak , than St. Francis of Assisi, bareheaded The Band ol' the First Lift. GuarilH will perform , by per- waste be the teacher to whom men were to listen ; and barefooted, would be hooted ; St. Francis Xavier, mission of Colonel Hal l, on every SATURDAY, at four o'clock , until further notice. and great actions were not to remain the privilege of dressed up like a M andarin, with an umbrella over his Admission, One Shilling. On Mondays, Sixpencb. the families of the Norman nobles, but were to bo laid head , would inspire wonder and delight —J. Jf. New within the reach of the poorest lebeian who hud the man' s Lectures. p VOYAG.K TO A stuif 'm bini to perform them. Alone, of all the s<>- rpiIE USTRALIA. —An .JL entirely New Moving Panorama, "Tint Vovaub to vorci giiH in Europe, Elizabeth saw the change which AUHTHAI .IA AND A VlHIT TO ni'.lt (ioi.I) KlKI.DH ," 1' ailltud from had passed over the world. She saw it, and saw it in HketcheH mudn upon the spot hy .). H. 1' hout ; the Marine Hub- jeotB by T. H. Honi«B and the Natural Jlintory faith, Cnt imtrrrial Mi\m , by C. Wkioai.i.- aud accepted it. The Kngland of tho Catholic MemlierH of the New Hociety of i'aiiitei « iii Water Colours ; Hierarch y and the Norman Huron, was to cast its shell will Hhortl y be opened at .!(>», lteKenL Htreet, next the Poly- technic. audio become fhe England of free thought, and commerce MONEY MA UK liST AND CITY INTELLIG ENCE. «*«'»»«. and manufacture, which was to plough the ocean with BRITISH FUNNDSDS FOR1 THIS 1VA8T WJCISK. • Is navies, and sow its colonies over the glob e ; and (OI.OHIKU PmoiiH.) THE ROYAL EX II HUT ION.—A valuable newly-invented very ttinull powerful YVAIHTCOAT th« lii-Ht thunder birth of t.hi'He cnormouH JL , , torccH and Natur . Monti . Tues. Wedn. Thurs. Fritl VOOKKT OLAHH , the mz.ii of a walnut, to discern minute the HiihIi of the em-lien! achievenicntH of tho objeetH at a dinlanoe of from four I.o five inileH which in found new era B/wjJr Nlook 2ar»J HiJOJ 220£ . , r oll and glitter through tho forty yeai-H of the reign ol » por Cent. Red 1011 101J) 1014 lOlfc 101J to lie mvu.lua.iti to ViwhtorH , Hportmiien, OeiiUoutoii , and Gamo. ' '" keepers. Prion ..On., wont free . --TKLKHOOl'KH. A new and Llizuheth with u grandeur which, when onc e its hifl- 3 per Cent. Con. Ans. 100$ 100& 100} lOOj 100$ Ao. 100 100} mout ii|iportaut invention in TelewtopeM , possessing mieli extra- l ory 3 per Cent. Con., ft KKlJ 100$ 100§ in writtwritten,en, will bobo neoBeen to ho anionamongur thei most »l per Cent. An lO-ij 101J 10l£ lo-tj 104 '..[ ' ' ordinary powerH , that Home, -U iuoliCH , with an extra eye-piece, J . .. will nhow dintiiiotl y Jupitur'n Mooiih , Hutiirn'H Rina tin) Kithlinio phenomena which tho earth us yet ban Wow 5 por Cents tihut , and wit- Double Utiu-H. They niipt.rw.do ovvry other kind , and art) of all neased. Ijoiik Ann ., 18(H) Tho work wan not of her creation ; the heart, India, Htoek 874 HHO JJH0 niaoB, for tho walntooal. pocket, Hliootiiijr. Military purpoaeH, &u. hiHueH , will, wonderfu l ol the whole Englinh nation wan nth-red to its depths ; Ditto liondH, £1000 ... «:. 00 Ul oi , . \_ Opttinu.ntl UtvoecoiirBo d powerH; amhmt« Ditto object, rait he clearly nceii from ten to twelve miloH dintaut. and J'lli/.ahoth'H plaeo wuu t<> rocogniHo, to love, to , u nder JU 1000 ... IM> 1) 1 Preberving Kx. HUIh iiltXX) 09 p 01) p 01) ,, oj) Invaluable iiewly-invented Hpouf.ueloH; invimble and loHter, . p »»> ,, ^ Inatruinoittn for relief of und to guide.—From the Wvslminstei Review Ditto 4.600 01) p 00 p 7a p <||» ,, all kindHol Aeoimtio extreme DoafnoHB . \ —MoBHrn. H. and II. HOLOMONfl, Optieiaim for .Inl y. Ditto, Small 01) p 09 p Va p Attn aud Aiiriutfl , Albemarle Street, I'iccudihy, opposite tho York Hotel ' WEYMOUTH CLASSICAL, MATHEMATICAL, AND LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION, EDUCATION BY THE SEA SIDE. COMMERCIAL INSTITUTE, Established bt Royal Chaetee a.d . 1720. WES TON PARK SC H O OL NO. 22, EAST STREET, WEYMOUTH, FOR LIFE , FIRE , AND MARINE ASSURANCES. VV WELLINGTON HOUSE , WESTON-SU£E R-MA R£ CONDUCTED BY Mead Office , 7, Royal Exchan ge, Cobnhill . SOMERSET . MR . W. A. BUS SELL, Branch Office , 10, Regent Stbe et. The Bey. Jose ph Hopkins, assist ed by the ablest Master s (Late Second Master of the Reading and Warrington Grammar Actuary, Peter Hard y, Esq., F.E.S. continues to receive a limited number of Young Gentl emen, for Schools, Educat ional Institution , Twickenham, &c. ;) and ' the purpose of imparting to them a Finished, Commercial Tins Cobpobatiok has effected Assurances for a period Classical , and Mathematical Educat ion. ' MB. JI. D. SIME, on the most ' . exceeding One Hub -deed and Thiet y Years , Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins bestow careful and constant attent ion (whose long-established School is now incorporated with that Favo urable Terms. on the healt h and domestic comfort of those who are entrust ed , Secretary. of the Institute.) JOHN LAURENCE to their charge ,- and wat ch, with pra yerful solicitude , over their In the Departments of Modern Languages , Drawing, &c , reli gious as well as their intellectual improvement . Messrs . R. and S. will be assisted by Resident Masters of ap- proved abili ty and experience. CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. Wellington House , besides being well situated , ventil ate d Medical Superintendent , A. S. Samson , Esq., 3, Devonsh ire s ve c t o s n Buddin gs, "W eymouth. and commodiou s, i ry onvenien f r ea bathi g, offers the Persons of all ages , and in every station , may assure with this advantage of a good play-ground , and is immediately cont i tho guous GENEBAIi CHA.KA.CTEK ISTICS OF THE EST ABLISHMENT. Society, and the Assured can reside in any part of Europe , to the best roads for rural walks. Holy Land , Egypt , Madeira , the Cape, Australia , New Zealand , 1. The course of instr uction includes Tuition in the Lat in , Weston-supe r-Mare has long been celebrated as a place most and in most parts of North and South America , without extra favour able to the health and vigour of the young ; is accessible Greek , Engli sh, French , German , and Italian Langua ges, charge. Dr awing, Mathematic s, History, Geograp hy, Writing, Arith- fr om the Wester n, South Westerrt * and Midl an d Counti es, and metic , &c. FIFTH IIITTSION OF PROFITS. th e Princi pality of AVales and Ireland ; while it is within a few 2. The Reli gious Instruction of the Pup ils is under the direct The Fifth Bonus was declared in January last , and the hours ' ride of the Metropoli s, by the Gre at Western and Bris tol personal superintendence of Cler gymen and Dissentin g Minis- amount varied with the different ages, from 24f to 55 per cent, and Exeter Ra ilways . ters , who have kindl y consented to attend weekly in rotation on the Premiums paid , during the last Five Years ; or from for that purpose. £5 to £12 lfjs. per cent, on the sum assured. 3. There are no Vacation s unless at the option of parents. The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Share- NEW ROMA NCE Br the AUTHOR of " THE SCARLET 4. There are no extras (books excepted) in connexion with holders being now provided for , without intrenching on the LETTER. " the Educational Phases of tne Establishment. amount made by the regular business , the Assured will here- Now Read y, 2 vols., post 8vo. To be had at all Libraries . 5. The domestic arra ngements are on a lib eral and satis- after derive all the benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office , in Town and Country. factory scale. with , at the same time , complete freedom from liability, secured 6. In ease of illness, medicines and medical attendance are by means of an ample Proprietary Cap ital—thus combining, in THE BLITHEDALE R OMANCE. supplied gratuitousl y to the pup ils. the same office , all the advantages of both systems. By NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE , 7. The terms appended are graduall y remitted to Pu pils after The Fund invested for the security and benefit of the Assured Author of " The Scarlet Letter ," " The House of the Seven the first five years—the rate of remission being five guineas per exceeds £850,000 ; and the Income is nowupwards of £136,000 Gables ," &c. annum , till the minimum of terms , ten guineas per annum , has per annum . been attained. " Mr. Hawthorne 's third tale, in our .iudgment , puts the seal Every description of Assurance may be effected , and for any on the reputation of its author as the highest , deepest , and finest 8. Pup ils becoming orphans while resident at the Establish- sum from to ment , continue to receive Board , as well as Education , free of £50 £10 ,000- imaginative writer whom 'America has yet produced! . . . Lon g farther cost to themselves or surviving friends . A copy of the last Report , setting forth full particulars , with as are our remarks and selections , they are far from illustrat ing 9. Pup ils enterin g the Esta blishment as orp hans are received a Prospectus , can now be obtained of any of the Society' s agents , all the phases of appeal to admiration and sympath y exhibite d at once on reduced te rms . or by addressing a line to in this remar kable book of a, remarkable writer. —AtltencBmn. 10. Junior Scholarshi ps to the value of £20 annually, and GEO. H. PINCK ARD, Resident Secretary. " We know not how to pr aise it more highly than by sayin g Senior Scholarshi ps, entitlin g to board as well as education , on 99, Great Russell Str, W> proportione d to the certainty with which Ihey can determine and !U of the PflOPL E sevoral ' them the satis- strong ly recommended by the fieulfy for Persona of WHAK . The same numbers contai n them to bo so, the Manager here onl y ottering articles Professor Worsh ip ; fj1 well served , the. men are DiUKHi 'ioN , Invalids , and Cu h.dki.n , for the latter particu- by Newman on the Reform of " faction of knowing that , if I hey are larl y al. a tiritieal ol' continuation of .lohn ' 0 11 ; in blending the inter ests of the Producer period Weaning, it is invaluable , being Sterling s Letters to WNlW "aJM "* " " well pai d ; and thus , better calculated than any other art icle to establish tbe founda- the Life of Sp inoza ; the Life and O pinions of Swod»abortf , now und Consumer , wearing his own as agent between them. the German of Her der Willi" 11' from 10s . < ld. to \iiti . ; a t ion ol a health y, st rong, and well-develop ed maturity. ; as well as several Lecture s hj A choice ol' Men 's useful Trousers , Full and careful analysis hy Mace all, and other articles , pric e was rais ed from 15s. to lHu . ; Home iiiohI distinguished chemical . With No 27 , tho Large Assortment of ditto , lit for all pers ons , authorities from One Tunny lo Th re e Satur day. from 20s. to 2Uu. ; (wages paid , prove it. to contain , iu nu eminent degree , those llalf-pentfe . Every Choice Qualities in Pattern , elemental properties neeesHiiry for the production of muscle agreeable to selling price , from Dm. Io ts. fid.) A usefu l Jllaek London : W atson , Paternoster Row. HHh ¦ and hone iu the system for luininhing the material which pro - Dress Coat , well made , 25s. ; a ttscful Mac k Krock Coat , . motes Ilio Kir st-Class . Dress grow th of Children , and repairing the waste induced (warranted paid wages for making , 10s.) A by dudy wear and tear in period of life. LONDON : rlntcd I.y ort luilil V\uf > Coat lined with Hilk ii'.\ ; (aspe.n- the more advanced l' (Ir.uuu n Uimviui, Ud No. 3, I' , JL'2 f f»».; u Ph-Ht-Clam i Krock , , For Gruels it in peculiarly agreeable , and as an article of KeiiHlii Kton , I n the County <»f M blillemi x ,) nt the ' Officii «' m«n nl'worhi tiiM inhi wages paid for making, 15h.) r p- und warranted luxury will bo found exceedingly well adap tod for Puddings , Mv.h hhh. Havii.i. ami KiiwtiDH , *Jo. 4 , Ckando * Street , in the 1'* Y v A good Ulack Vest (wages paid 2s. Hit.), 7s. (Id . Ca kes , ..Vc. of HI. 1' aiil , ('ow»l Ourtlen . in tiio muni! County ; mid VubUnUj '" ' ' ' most Tiiuuntun Leio m Hunt , (of llrondway llouue , lluinmcmiiiltii',) ** *#* Hoy s Clothing , and every Article in the Trade , on tho Hold in Packet s, (I d. aud Is. eac h , by W. F. Wighton , 0, Kemp ' s HTHK *- > . Advanta geous (Scale THU KliAUBil OfFIOlJ , , JNo . Ill , W ELLINGTON of Charges. Row , Pinilico ; und may be ordere d uf all rt 'upoctttblo Druggists , HTHAN1> , In tho F raclnt ' t ofthe Hiivuy, beth lu tho »miu. Count J r- Obaorvo tho AMro ua—1U. and 14, JX J tW iflUVOJ Ef CA.VUUYH.X. Grocers , aud Confectioners. Bxiuau*. n.Jul y 17. 1B01'.