FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT KEKAHA KAI STATE PARK PHASE II IMPROVEMENTS
TMKs: (3rd) 7-2-05: 02, 03 & 07; 7-3-43: por. 01; 7-2-04: 03, 09, 17 & 19 North Kona District, Hawai‘i Island, State of Hawai‘i
February 2015
State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of State Parks
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT KEKAHA KAI STATE PARK PHASE II IMPROVEMENTS
TMKs: (3rd) 7-2-05: 02, 03 & 07; 7-3-43: por. 01; 7-2-04: 03, 09, 17 & 19 North Kona District, Hawai‘i Island, State of Hawai‘i
PROPOSING/ APPROVING AGENCY:
State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of State Parks P.O. Box 621 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96809
CONSULTANT:
Geometrician Associates LLC PO Box 396 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96721
CLASS OF ACTION:
Use of State Land Use of State Funds
This document is prepared pursuant to:
The Hawai‘i Environmental Protection Act, Chapter 343, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes (HRS), and Title 11, Chapter 200, Hawai‘i Department of Health Administrative Rules (HAR).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ...... ii
PART 1: PROJECT LOCATION, PURPOSE & NEED & DESCRIPTION ...... 1 1.1 Project Location and Property Ownership ...... 1 1.2 Project Background, Purpose and Need and Description ...... 1 1.3 Environmental Assessment Process ...... 14 1.4 Public Involvement and Agency Coordination ...... 14
PART 2: ALTERNATIVES...... 15 2.1 No Action ...... 15 2.2 Alternatives Evaluated and Dismissed From Further Consideration ...... 15
PART 3: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ...... 15 3.1 Physical Environment ...... 16 3.1.1 Geology, Soils and Geologic Hazard ...... 16 3.1.2 Water Features and Water Quality ...... 16 3.1.3 Drainage and Flooding ...... 18 3.1.4 Flora and Fauna ...... 21 3.1.5 Climate, Air Quality, Noise and Scenic Resources ...... 24 3.1.6 Hazardous Substances, Toxic Waste and Hazardous Conditions ...... 26 3.2 Socioeconomic and Cultural ...... 27 3.2.1 Socioeconomic Characteristics ...... 27 3.2.2 Cultural Resources ...... 27 3.3 Infrastructure ...... 36 3.3.1 Utilities ...... 36 3.3.2 Roadways, Circulation and Parking ...... 37 3.4 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts ...... 38 3.5 Required Permits and Approvals ...... 39 3.6 Consistency With Government Plans and Policies ...... 39 3.6.1 Hawai‘i State Plan ...... 39 3.6.2 Hawai‘i State Land Use Law ...... 40 3.6.3 Hawai‘i DLNR Division of State Parks Plans ...... 40 3.6.4 Hawai‘i County Plans and Land Use Designations ...... 21
PART 4: DETERMINATION ...... 53
PART 5: FINDINGS AND REASONS ...... 53
REFERENCES ...... 55
i Kekaha Kai State Parks Phase II Improvements Environmental Assessment
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 Planned Actions, Phase II Improvements ...... 13 TABLE 2 List of Plant Species Observed At/Near Sites of Proposed Improvement ...... 22 TABLE 3 Areas of Natural Beauty Noted in Hawai‘i County General Plan ...... 26 TABLE 4 Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics ...... 28
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1a Kekaha Kai Park Map ...... 2 FIGURE 1b Aerial Image of Kekaha Kai Region ...... 3 FIGURE 2 Project Site Photos ...... 4 FIGURE 3 Overall Site Plans ...... 7 FIGURE 4 Detailed Site Plans for Coastal Improvements ...... 9
APPENDIX 1a Comments in Response to Early Consultation APPENDIX 1b Comments to Draft EA and Responses APPENDIX 2 Historic Property Reports/Requests for Determination of No Historic Properties Affected and SHPD Correspondence
SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED ACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks (DLNR Division of State Parks) is planning to continue its facility improvements at Kekaha Kai State Park, which encompasses 1,642 coastal acres in Kona on the Island of Hawai‘i. Kekaha Kai State Park was envisioned as one jewel in a string of parks along this coast, a low-key park to preserve the natural landscape of this Kona shoreline. Park development should provide increased recreational opportunities, support the development of cultural and educational programs, and preserve and enhance valuable natural and cultural resources. To this end, infrastructure and facility development has been planned to be relatively small and dispersed. The current Phase II Improvements involve minor repair and safety improvements to roadways and parking, a stairway to replace a dilapidated ramp, a new storage and water tank building to provide water for cleaning and maintenance, provision of two showers, several new or refurbished accessible picnic tables and BBQ pits, and miscellaneous other features and actions. The project avoids surface water, significant historic sites and threatened or endangered species. DLNR Division of State Parks will incorporate mitigation measures to ensure that there are no adverse effects to these resources. A few activities are located by necessity in the shoreline area, and permits will be obtained to ensure that no inappropriate use of or harm to shoreline resources occur.
ii Kekaha Kai State Parks Phase II Improvements Environmental Assessment
PART 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION, PURPOSE AND NEED AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS
1.1 Project Location and Property Ownership
The State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks (DLNR Division of State Parks) is planning to continue its facility improvements at Kekaha Kai State Park, which encompasses 1,642 coastal acres in the far north of the North Kona District on the Island of Hawai‘i (Figures 1a and 1b). The park is bounded by the sea on the west, by Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway (State Highway 19) on the east, by Kona International Airport lands on the south, and by luxury residential lots on the north. In addition, the privately owned ahupua‘a of Makalawena separates the two State-owned park areas.
1.2 Project Background, Purpose and Need and Description
Background
In 2003, DLNR Division of State Parks prepared the Kekaha Kai State Park Development Report (PDR) and the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) that covered the subsequent establishment of the park in its current form, including most of its major features, such as access roads, restrooms, picnic areas and trail. This era of development is referred to as Phase I Improvements.
Kekaha Kai State Park was envisioned as one jewel in a string of parks along the coast from Kawaihae to Kailua-Kona. The concept was a low-key park that would preserve the natural landscape of this Kona shoreline. Park development should provide increased recreational opportunities, support the development of cultural and educational programs, and preserve and enhance valuable natural and cultural resources. To this end, infrastructure and facility development was planned to be relatively small and dispersed.
The Kona community, represented at public meetings and through a citizen’s advisory task force, provided public input into the plan. The general consensus was to plan the entire park for low levels of use and consider whether and how to include more intensive uses in future phases, when facilities, manpower and management system could be in place to preserve and sustain the resources in the face of increasing demand.
For planning purposes the park was divided into three sections along ahupua‘a boundaries: the Mahai‘ula Section (which also includes lands in Kaulana Ahupua‘a); Awake‘e; and Manini‘ōwali (which also includes lands in Kūki‘o Ahupua‘a) (see Figure 1b). Different levels of use were envisioned for each of these sections, which allows for slightly different park experiences. Each section has a mauka-makai access/trail and is crossed by the lateral coastal trail system known as the Ala Kahakai.
1 Kekaha Kai State Parks Phase II Improvements Environmental Assessment
The development plan has been used to guide the development of facilities in each section of the park in order to sustain the reso