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The University of Chicago Curating Value THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CURATING VALUE: THE POLITICS OF LANGUAGE AND LEISURE IN HUANGSHAN, CHINA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY BRITTA ELISABETH INGEBRETSON CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2019 This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my father, Erik Ingebretson. Copyright © Britta Elisabeth Ingebretson All rights reserved. Table of Contents List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... viii Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... xii Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1. Farming Under the Highrise: Mapping Huangshan .....................................................24 Chapter 2. Curating the City: Huizhou Culture and the Huizhou Woman ....................................55 Chapter 3. W(h)ither Huizhouhua: Erasing Language from Culture ............................................86 Chapter 4. “I Can’t Even Read One Word:” The (un)making of the Chinese Peasant Class .............................................................................118 Chapter 5. “She Has Two Sons:” Reproducing State Discourses in Rural China .......................159 Chapter 6. Of Publics and Privates: the Qualia of “Quality” in a Chinese Yoga Studio .............191 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................233 Appendix A: Labeled Map of Tunxi District ...............................................................................239 Appendix B: Images of Huangshan from “Huangshan Dialects” Documentary .........................240 Works Cited .................................................................................................................................242 iv List of Figures Figure 1: Wall in the County Seat of She County ...........................................................................9 Figure 2: Anhui Province ...............................................................................................................27 Figure 3: Huangshan City ..............................................................................................................27 Figure 4: Levels of Government ....................................................................................................28 Figure 5: Mr. O in Village with L-Villager ...................................................................................41 Figure 6: Map of Tunxi District .....................................................................................................43 Figure 7: Modern Huizhou Village ................................................................................................66 Figure 8: Relatively Subdued Village Houses in Zhejiang ............................................................66 Figure 9: Traditional Huizhou Architecture with Horse-Head Roof .............................................70 Figure 10: Modern Huizhou-Style Architecture ............................................................................70 Figure 11: Left: The TV Hosts; Right: City Preservation Plaque on Jihong Alley No. 7 .............87 Figure 12: Left: Xiao Xi with Master Zhang; Center & Right: Making Month Chicken ..............89 Figure 13: Left: Xiao Xi with Master Zhang; Right: Month Chicken ...........................................91 Figure 14: Left: Xiao Xi photographing a traditional internal courtyard; Right: A traditional Huizhou alter with a mirror on the left, a vase on the right, and a clock in the middle .....92 Figure 15: Huizhou Dialect Map ...................................................................................................98 Figure 16: “Anhui, Xiuning, Lantian” .........................................................................................127 Figure 17: Lantian Village ...........................................................................................................129 Figure 18: Dialect Elicitation by Mr. Jiang .................................................................................130 Figure 19: Documentary Narration with Imagery I. ....................................................................135 Figure 20: Documentary Narration with Imagery II. ...................................................................137 Figure 21: Socialist Core Values .................................................................................................152 Figure 22: Lei Feng Posters with English Translation ................................................................153 v Figure 23: “Daughters are also descendants” ..............................................................................166 Figure 24: “Care about girls’ growth, establish a new civilizing wind” ......................................166 Figure 25: Labeled Map of Tunxi District ...................................................................................239 Figure 26: Documentary Images ..................................................................................................240 vi List of Tables Table 1: Aipai Transcript I .............................................................................................................87 Table 2: Aipai Transcript II............................................................................................................88 Table 3: Apai Transcript III ...........................................................................................................90 Table 4: Wu’s Speech ..................................................................................................................228 Table 5: Teacher Yuan’s Speech .................................................................................................228 vii Acknowledgments This dissertation would not have been possible without the support, guidance, and generosity from many people, communities, and institutions. My writing abilities are not fully adequate to express my gratitude for all the help and support I have been given through the process of conceptualizing my project, conducting research, and writing this dissertation. First, I am deeply indebted to the residents of Huangshan, who welcomed me with open arms and generously shared their lives with me. I am truly touched by the kindness and hospitality I experienced in ways that I cannot fully express in words. In particular, I would like to thank Teacher Yuan,1 who took me under her wing as a student, mentee, and substitute daughter. Her patience, wisdom, and support sustained me and my research and through her social networks I became a social person in Huangshan. As a yoga teacher, she taught me to keep my balance. I also would like to give a special thanks to Bing, my research collaborator who took on my research interests as his own. I would like to thank the students of Teacher Yuan’s yoga studio, the faculty and administration at the schools I volunteered at, and the local neighborhood residents who took time out from their lives to chat with a foreign anthropologist. Among the long list of people I am grateful to I would especially like to thank Pan, Wen, Auntie Chu, Xing, and Wang, who offered friendship and comradery in the field in addition to all their help with my research. I would like to thank Chenyu Qiu for providing an introduction to Huangshan and Mr Wu for his support and permission to conduct my fieldwork in Huangshan. At Chicago I would like to thank my committee, Susan Gal, Judith Farquhar, Michael Silverstein, Alan Yu, and Jacob Eyferth for all of their help and support over the years. In 1 Names have been changed to protect identities viii different ways they have guided my project from its early stages and helped me out of various scrapes and cul-de-sacs, intellectual and otherwise. They have pushed me in ways I needed to be pushed and encouraged me when I needed encouragement. I would also like to thank Anne Ch’ien, whose help over the years is unquantifiable. This dissertation would not have happened without my friends and colleagues at The University of Chicago who have helped me in ways large and small. I feel lucky to have been in a department with such an intellectually lively and emotionally supportive community of graduate students. Above all, I feel lucky to have been in the cohort of 2008 and to have started my graduate career with such an amazing group of people. A full list of everyone who has helped and guided me during my time here would be longer than my dissertation. I would especially like to thank the members of my writing groups. Christopher Bloechl, Natalja Czarnecki, Zebulon Dingley, William Feeney, Colin Halverson, Kristin Hickman, Yaqub Hilal, Adam Sargent, and Anna Weichselbraun patiently waded through early drafts and often knew before I did what
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