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BOIDAE Eunectes Deschauenseei Dunn and Conant

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REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: BOIDAE catalogue> American Amphibians and Reptiles. Dirksen, L. and R.W. Henderson. 2002. Eunectes deschauen- seei. Eunectes deschauenseei Dunn and Conant de Schauensee's Anaconda Eunectes deschauenseei Dunn and Conant, 1936: 505. Type locality, "very probably collected on the island of Marajo," Par& Brasil. Holotype, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP) 20891, female, snout-vent length 2200 mm, collected 6 October 1924 by R.M.de Schauensee (examined by LD). CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized. DEFINITION AND DIAGNOSIS. Eunectes deschauenseei is a medium-sized, semi-aquatic boid with maximum total length of 1920 mm in males and 3001 mrn in females. Dorsal scale I' I I I I I MAP. Distribution of Eunecres deschauenseei: the circle is in the ap- proximate center of Ilha de Maraj6. the probable type locality. Other known localities are marked with dots. FIGURE 2. Head markings of E~inecresdeschauensrei (from Miiller 1970, used with permission). FLUVI\L I. ~jurtcct~-lUC.)LIIUUCIIJCC~ lrutll LIIG alctl "1 aa~ltaLIUL uo FIGURE 3:~olot~~eof Eunecfes deschauenseei (ANSP 20891)- Arari, llha de Maraj6 (photograph by L. Dirksen). tograph by L. Dirksen). rows at midbody are 43-54 (E = 47.3). Ventrals are 214-236 (? 1959; Stimson 1969; Miiller 1970; Peters and Orejas-Miranda = 224.3) and subcaudals number 49-62 (? = 56.4). Some 1970; Matz 1981; Hoogmoed 1982; Petzold 1982; Trumau 1982; subcaudals are divided, but usually 45%. Supralabials are 12- Chippaux 1986; Waller 1988; Waller and Micucci 1993; 16 (usually 13-15) and infralabials are 16-20 (usually 17-19). Henderson et al. 1995; Yuki and Santos 1996; Starace 1998; The rostra1 is about twice as wide as high. Three nasals surround Dirksen and Bijhme 1998a. 1998b; McDiarmid et al. 1999; Rivas the nostrils, with the interiormost in contact. Two regular 1999; Dirksen 1999a. 2000; Colares 2000; Henderson 2002), prenasals are twice as high as wide. The single loreal is the taxonomy, systematics, andlor phylogenetics (Amaral 1944, largest head scale. Oculars number 5-8 (1 supraocular, 1 1948; Kluge 1991; Waller and Micucci 1993; Dirksen and preocular, 1-3 suboculars, and 2-4 postoculars). The other large Bohrne 1998b; Dirksen 1999a; McDiarmid et al. 1999), food dorsal head scales are irregular in size and number and may be and diet (Petzold 1982, 1995; Starace 1998; Dirksen 1999a), fused. Five to six scales of approximately equal size surround behavior (Petzold 1982, 1995; Schmidt 1985; Starace 1998; the frontal. The anal plate (= cloaca1 scute) is undivided. All Dirksen 1999), balling-posture behavior (Dirksen et al. 1998), scales are smooth. Cloaca1 spurs are smaller in females than in reproduction and growth (Belluornini et al. 1959; Petzold 1982, males. 1995; Dirksen 1999a), hemipenial structure (Dirksen 2002), The dorsal ground color is yellow or brownish-yellow. The osteology (Kluge 199 1, see also Remarks; Dirksen 2002), pattern consists of a series of dorsal black oval blotches, which microdermatoglyphics (Hoge and Santos 1953). and sexual are occasionally triangular, and smaller, more laterally situated, dimorphism (Belluomini et al. 1959, Dirksen 1999a, Starace irregular black blotches. The venter is cream colored. In com- 1998). The species is included in the checklist by Frank and parison, the sister species Eunectes notaeus exhibits smaller and Ramus (1995) and the "encyclopedia" of Obst et al. (1984). more numerous blotches dorsally, and the smaller lateral blotches usually form rings below the dorsal blotches. The presence of REMARKS. Kluge (1991) did not observe any differences five black head stripes distinguishes Eunectes deschauenseei between the skulls of E. deschauenseei and E. riotaeus and from Eunectes murinus (four head stripes). designated them sister species. However, an examination of the skin and the locality data of the E. deschauenseei material DESCRIPTIONS. Descriptions of Eunectes deschauenseei, examined by Kluge (USNM 135453,135454) indicated that he other than the holotype, are in Belluomini et al. (1959). Muller examined E. notaeus skulls misidentified or mislabeled as E. (1970). Petzold (1982,1995), Chippaux (1986), Schmidt (1985). deschauenseei. Starace (1998). and Dirksen (1999a, 2002). Griffin ( 19 16) and Gomes ( 19 18) reported E. notaeus from the lower Rio Amazonas. Griffin's specimen (CM R 379) since ILLUSTRATIONS. A black and white photograph of the has been determined to be E. deschauenseei. Surely, the E. holotype, when it was alive, was included in the original noteaus of Gomes (19 18) was E. deschauenseei, which was not description (Dunn and Conant 1936). The same picture was described until 1936. used in Petzold (1982, 1995). Photographs are in Matz (1981), Schmidt (1985), Starace (1998), Dirksen et al. (1998), and ETYMOLOGY. The name deschauenseei is derived from Dirksen (1999a, b, 2002). Head and habitat pictures are in R.M. de Schauensee, who collected the holotype in 1924, in all Dirksen (1999a, 2002). X-ray pictures of the hind limbs are in probability on Ilha de MarajB in the mouth of the Amazon, and Dirksen (2002). A lithographic drawing of the head is in Muller later forwarded it to the Philadelphia Zoo. The snake is called (1970). Sucuri or Sucuriju by the local people (Dirksen 2002). DISTRIBUTION. Eunectes deschauenseei occurs in the LITERATURE CITED Brasilian states of hap6and Par6 and in French Guiana. The distribution in Par6 and Amap6 is between Santarem and the Amaral, A. do. 1944. Notas sobre ofiologia neotrbpica e brasflica. VI. mouth of the Amazon, including llha de Marajo. Only three Formas de boineos de recente registro. Pap. Avul. Dept. Zool., S. localities are documented for French Guiana, two in swampy Paulo 5:4148. coastal regions. The species also may occur in Suriname, as -. 1948. Otidios do Pad. Bol. Mus. Paraense E. Goeldi 10: 149-159. one locality is near the Suriname-French Guiana boundary (see Belluomini, H.E., A.F. Maranhlo Nina, and A.R. Hoge. 1959. Contri- bui~iioA biologia do gCnero Etmectes Wagler, 1830 (Serp. Boidae). Map). This semi-aquatic species lives in swampy, often Estudo de seis ninhadas de "sucuris." Mem. Inst. Butantan 29:165- seasonally flooded areas. 174. Distribution maps are in Waller (1988), Waller and Micucci Chippaux, J.-P. 1986. Les serpents de la Guyane franqaise. Collect. Faune (1993), Henderson et al. (1995), Dirksen and Bohme (1998a), Trop. 27:l-165. O'Shea (1999), Rivas (1999), and Dirksen (2000, 2002). Lo- Colares C.,A.L. 2000. Geographic distribution.Eurtectes desc.ha~rertseei. cality maps for French Guiana are in Chippaux (1986) and Herpetol. Rev. 3 1:255. Starace (1998) and for the whole area of distribution in Dirksen Dirksen, L. 1999a. Zur Kenntnis der Anakonda-Arten (Serpentes: Boi- (1999, 2002). Stimson (1969), Peters and Orejas-Miranda dae: Eunecres. I. Eurtecres deschauenseei Dunn and Conant, 1936. Herpetofauna 2 1 ( 122):12-2 1. (1970), Petzold (1982,1995), and Trutnau ( 1982) restricted dis- -. 1999b. Mythos Anakonda. Reptilia 19:34-37. tribution to Maraj6. The species also is mentioned for Brasil in -. 2000. Zur Kenntnis der Anakonda-Arten (Serpentes: Boidae: EII- Belluomini et al. (1959), Miiller (1970,1971), and Yuki and rrectcs). n. Eunectes ntrrr-inus Linnaeus, 1758. Herpetofauna 22(126): Santos ( 1996). Eunectes desctw~ienseeihas often been described 23-34. as a rare species. -. 2002. Anakondas. Monographische Revision der Gattong Euttectes (Wagler, 1830). Natur und Tier-Verlag, Miinsrer. FOSSIL RECORD. None. -, E. Buongermini, C. Striissmann, and T. Waller. 1998. Protective balling-posture behavior in the genus E~necr~.~,Wagler, 1830 (Ser- pentes: Boidae). Herpetol. Nat. Hist. 6: 151-155. PERTINENT LITERATURE. Dirksen (2002) provided the -and W. Bohme. 1998a. Studien an Anakondas I: lndizien fiir natiir- most comprehensive information about the species in his liche Bastardierung zwischen der Grokn Anakonda Eunecres trrurin~rs monographic review of the genus Eunectes and is usually not und der Paraguayanakonda Eunectes notcrrus in Bolivien, rnit An- mentioned again below. In addition, the following topics have rnerkungen zur Taxonornie der Gattung E~mectes.Zool. Abh. Mus. been addressed: distribution and habitats (Belluomini et al. Tierkunde, Dresden 4:45-58. -and -. 1998b. Studien an Anakondas 2: Zum taxonomischen Status for the Terrarium. T.F.H. Publ., Neptune City, New Jersey). von Eunectes murinus gigas (Latreille, 1801) (Serpentes: Boidae), O'Shea, M.T. 1999. Anaconda. Pet Reptile 3/99:24-28. mit neuen Ergebnissen zur Gattung Eunecres Wagler, 1830. Salaman- Peters, J.A. and B. Orejas-Miranda. 1970. Catalogue of the Neorropical dra 3439-374. Squamata. Part 1. Snakes. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. (297):l-347. Dunn, E.R. and R. Conant. 1936. Notes on anacondas, with descriptions Petzold, H.-G. 1982. Die Anakondas. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg of two species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 88:50>506. pl. 14, figs. 1-2. and Lutherstadt. Frank, N. and E. Ramus. 1995. A Complete Guide to Scientific and --. 1995. Die Anakondas. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg. Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. NG Publ. Rivas, J.A. 1999. Tracking the anacondas. Natl. Geogr. 1/1999:62-69. Inc.. Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Schmidt, J. 1985. De Schauensee's Anakonda. Herpetofauna 7(38):22. Gomes, J.F. 1918. Contribuiqiio para o conhecimento dos ofidios do Starace. F. 1998. Guide des Serpents el Amphisbknes de Guyane. Ibis Brazil. I11 (1). 1. Ofidios do Museu Paraense. 2. Descri~aode duas Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, Guyana. especies nova. Mem. Inst. Butantan 1:57-83. Stimson,A.F. 1969. Liste der rezenten A~nphibienund Reptilien. Boidae Griffin. L.E. 1916. A catalogue of the Ophidia from South America at (Boinae + Boleriinae + Loxoceminae + Pythoninae). Das Tierreich, present contained in the Camegie Museum. with descriptions of some Berlin 89: 119. new species. Mem. Carnegie Mus. 7: 163-229. Trutnau. L. 1982. Einige Bemerkungen iiber die neuweltlichen Riesen- Henderson, R.W. 2002. Neotropical Treeboas: Natural History of the schlangen der Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830. Herpetofauna 4(17): Corul1u.s horr~rlanusComplex.
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  • Eunectes Serpent

    Eunectes Serpent

    HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL & AMPHIBIANS15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(2):189 329–334 • AUG 2021 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS AFEATURE Review ARTICLES of Prey Taken by Anacondas . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the(Squamata: Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation Boidae: of the Midwest’s Giant Eunectes Serpent ...................... Joshua M. )Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 Oliver Thomas1 and Steven J.R. Allain2 RESEARCH ARTICLES 1Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom ([email protected]) . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central211 Trafalgar and Western Way, Texas Braintree, ....................... Essex, CM7 Emily Henry,9UX, UnitedJason Brewer, Kingdom Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT he Neotropical boid genus includes four extant synthesis of their diets exists. We therefore collected informa- . World’s Mammals Eunectesin Crisis ..............................................................................................................................
  • Answer Key Reptiles Include Turtles, Lizards, Snakes, Crocodiles, and All of Their Relatives

    Answer Key Reptiles Include Turtles, Lizards, Snakes, Crocodiles, and All of Their Relatives

    Reptiles Scavenger Hunt Museum-Wide Teacher Answer Key Reptiles include turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and all of their relatives. ................................................ Name There are over 9,000 different kinds of reptiles with amazing adaptations that help them find food and protect themselves from becoming a meal! ................................................ Date Starting your search in the Rainforest if it’s open, keep an eye out for: Geckos in the Rainforest Keep a tally of each gecko species that you find: .................................................................. © Ron DeCloux » How can you tell they are different species? Different species may have different body shapes, coloration, adaptations, etc. » Can you guess where they spend most of their time? Hint: Observe the patterns and colors of the geckos’ skin. Masters of camouflage Some geckos blend into their Green coloration - leaves, brown coloration - tree trunks surroundings to hide from their predators or prey! Chameleons in the Rainforest Chameleons have incredible and unique adaptations that make them well-suited for life in the trees, where they hunt and find shelter. If the Rainforest is closed, head to African Hall to find some of these lizards! © Ron DeCloux » What are two adaptations that help chameleons find and eat small insects? Feeding: long, sticky tongue, eyes that can move independently » What are two adaptations that make chameleons great tree climbers? Did you know? Hint: Look closely at their eyes, tail and feet! Chameleons can change color based on factors such as Climbing: prehensile tail, specialized clawed feet temperature or their mood! Green Anaconda in the Amazon Flooded Rainforest Check out the heaviest type of snake in the world, the green anaconda! This snake can grow to be 9 meters (29.5 feet) long, and weighs over 227 kilograms JessiCATmarie © (550 pounds)! Believe it or not, the green anaconda is a good swimmer.
  • A NOTE on the 18.5 Ft. BOA CONSTRICTOR from TRINIDAD HANS E

    A NOTE on the 18.5 Ft. BOA CONSTRICTOR from TRINIDAD HANS E

    British Herpetological Society 1992. A NOTE ON THE 18.5 ft. BOA CONSTRICTOR FROM TRINIDAD HANS E. A. BOOS Emperor Valley Zoo, Port of Spain, Trinidad James A. Oliver started it all, or at least his book "Snakes in Fact and Fiction" published in 1958 carried the account which Ithink is worthy of a full quote "The true Boa Constrictor has a wide distribution in the American tropics and subtropics, occurring from northern Mexico to northern Argentina. The species has several races of geographic subspecies that differ from each other in minor details. Members of most of these races rarely reach a length of more than 10 feet. The form occurring in the tropical sections of northern South America occasionally reaches a length of 12 to 14 feet, but the average is much smaller than this. The record for the race — and for the species — is 18 feet 6 inches. This length was obtained from an unusually large individual killed and measured in Trinidad by Colin F. Pittendrigh while he was on the island doing malaria- control work during World War II. He was working with a crew of men in the thick forest of Trinidad's Central Range. To go from their camp to where they were working, the crew had to cross a swampy area by walking along the trunk of a fallen tree. One morning, they saw a huge snake resting on the tree and, believing it was giant Bushmaster, refused to go out until the snake was killed. Pittendrigh got his gun and went to the spot where the snake had been reported.