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Downloads/646050Esw0p1180lture0e0sourcebook12.Pdf UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Sustaining Rural Livelihoods Amid Changing Agrarian Landscapes in Senegal Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/145796sp Author Voss, Rachel Charlene Publication Date 2020 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ SUSTAINING RURAL LIVELIHOODS AMID CHANGING AGRARIAN LANDSCAPES IN SENEGAL A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES by Rachel C. Voss September 2020 The Dissertation of Rachel Voss is approved: ________________________________ Professor Carol Shennan, Chair ________________________________ Professor Jeffrey Bury ________________________________ Professor Adam Millard-Ball ________________________________ Tim Krupnik, Ph.D. ________________________________ Quentin Williams Interim Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................ v List of Figures ............................................................................................................. vi Abstract ..................................................................................................................... vii Dedication .................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... x Positionality statement ............................................................................................. xiv Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Study site .............................................................................................................................. 4 Senegalese agricultural development ................................................................................ 5 Agroecological conditions ................................................................................................ 8 Gender dynamics in Senegal ........................................................................................... 13 Research overview ............................................................................................................. 14 References .......................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 1. On- and off-farm adaptation in Senegal: understanding differentiation and drivers of farmer strategies ..................................................... 25 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 25 Keywords ........................................................................................................................... 26 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 26 Theory ................................................................................................................................ 27 Characterizing and classifying adaptations ..................................................................... 27 Factors shaping farmer response strategies .................................................................... 30 Methods .............................................................................................................................. 33 Study site ........................................................................................................................ 33 Interview methods .......................................................................................................... 34 Survey methods .............................................................................................................. 35 Results & Discussion ......................................................................................................... 38 Perceptions of change ..................................................................................................... 38 Responding to intersecting stressors: farmers’ adaptive decisions and constraints ........ 44 Analysing drivers of and constraints on adaptive choices .............................................. 51 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 57 References .......................................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 2. Encouraging technology adoption using ICTs and farm trials in Senegal: lessons for gender eQuity and scaled impact ............................................ 67 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 67 Keywords ........................................................................................................................... 68 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 68 iii Background ........................................................................................................................ 69 ICTs in agricultural development ................................................................................... 69 Limitations on ICTs’ effectiveness and equity ............................................................... 72 Study background ........................................................................................................... 75 Study site: Senegal .......................................................................................................... 78 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 81 Results and Discussion ...................................................................................................... 83 Farmer access to and engagement with ICT-enabled extension ..................................... 83 Impacts of ICT-enabled extension on farmer uptake of promoted technologies ............ 89 Impacts of other variables on adoption ........................................................................... 94 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 101 References ........................................................................................................................ 105 Chapter 3. Post-project decision-making: farmer technology use choices in a risky environment .................................................................................................... 111 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 111 Keywords ......................................................................................................................... 112 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 112 Understanding adoption dynamics ................................................................................ 114 Farmers’ crop and seed choices .................................................................................... 115 Farmers’ soil fertility management choices .................................................................. 120 Input use patterns .......................................................................................................... 123 Study context ................................................................................................................... 124 Methods ............................................................................................................................ 128 Results and Discussion .................................................................................................... 131 Retention, disadoption, and adaptation of trial technologies ........................................ 132 Technology use decisions in a heterogenous farm environment .................................. 136 Soil properties and farmer perceptions of fertility ........................................................ 138 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 140 References ........................................................................................................................ 143 Conclusion and implications for policy and future research ............................... 151 References ........................................................................................................................ 157 iv List of Tables Table 1. Regional demographic, climate, and soil characteristics ............................... 36 Table 2. Proportion of survey respondents (2018) reporting changed weather
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