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Equipment & Techniques for Spray Finishing ABC’s of SPRAY FINISHING Equipment & Techniques For Spray Finishing 1-239-E 06/ 17 www.carlisleft.com About this book….. While this book examines the spray This book has been updated several Table of Contents finishing operation and its times from “The ABC’s of Spray equipment from many viewpoints, Equipment,” originally published by Forward …..…………………..….2 there is still much more to be The DeVilbiss Company in 1954. It 1. Introduction ........................3 learned to become truly proficient at focuses on equipment and spray finishing. techniques for spray finishing. Surface Preparation..............3 Paint Preparation..................3 Solvent Selection..................3 The best way to become proficient The format of the original book was at spray finishing is to just do it! question-and-answer. We have 2. Air Atomizing Spray Guns 5 Many trade technical and retained that format in this edition. Spray Gun Types..................5 community colleges offer courses in Part Identification and spray finishing, a great way to Function................................7 improve your skills. This book is organized around the Operation............................10 major components of an air spray Maintenance ......................12 system…spray guns, electrostatic Troubleshooting..................14 Many of the “tricks” of the applicators, material containers, hose, professional spray finisher involve air control equipment, compressors, 3. Electrostatic Spray paints and coatings. The spray booths, respirators and a Process..............................17 manufacturers of these materials short section on general cleanlines Definition ............................17 routinely publish complete books on and other sources of information. Electrostatic Processes/ these subjects. These publications A thorough understanding of the Equipment ..........................18 are available in specialty paint material in this book—plus a lot of Operating Safely.................20 stores and will provide you with actual spray painting practice— considerable detail. Many of these should enable you to handle just 4. Material Containers ..........23 books also contain information on about any spray painting situation. techniques for surface preparation. 5. Hose and Connections ....25 Although we have made an effort to 6. Air Control Equipment .....27 Another important source of make this book as detailed and as information, particularly on complete as possible, be aware that 7. Respirators ......................29 equipment use and selection is your the equipment and product systems local spray finishing equipment used to illustrate points are entirely 8. Air Compressors ..............30 distributor. No book could ever based on DeVilbiss, Ransburg and completely cover a specialist’s in- Binks technology. DeVilbiss, Ransburg, 9. Spray Booths ..................31 depth knowledge of the equipment, and Binks are three of the world’s 10. Diaphragm Pumps............34 the techniques, the maintenance oldest and largest manufacturer of and troubleshooting. spray paint equipment, and have 11. High Pressure Spraying ..36 maintained this leadership since its founding in 1888. Information is available from many 12. H.P. Spray Guns................37 resources on the subject of spray finishing. It is our hope that this book 13. Two Ball Piston Pumps....38 provides you with a start toward 14. H.P. Equipment Setup ......39 perfecting your finishing skills. 15. Four Ball Piston Pumps ..40 A recent addition to resources 16. Circulating Systems ........41 available to the spray finisher is the World Wide Web. Many 17. H.P. Troubleshooting ......43 manufactures are represented and question and answer forums are available. Please visit our website at www.carlisleft.com 2 This static attracts particles of dust precise consistency required by the and dirt. Eliminate them by treating manufacturer. with “destatisizing” air using a This book is about the selection, use Always prepare paint in a clean, and maintenance of finishing special blow-off gun that imparts a neutral charge to the airflow. dust-free environment. Paint has a equipment: spray guns, tanks, cups, remarkable ability to pick up dirt. hoses, compressors, regulators, Dirty paint will not only clog your spray booths, respirators, etc. It spray gun, but it will also ruin your presumes that you are familiar with Paint Preparation paint job. Get in the habit of always standard surface preparation Today’s finishes are extremely pouring paint into the cup or tank techniques that may be required complex chemical formulations. through a paint strainer. Paint is before finishing actually begins. It They include both solvent and never as clean as it looks. also presumes a basic knowledge of waterborne types. Some may the many different types of paints require the addition of solvents to and coatings available. form the proper spraying viscosity. Solvent Selection – Creating a perfect finish requires a Others may simply require the Electrostatic Finishing solid knowledge of surface addition of a second component at a preparation, finishes and spray prescribed ratio to obtain sprayable Research engineers have been painting equipment. The first two are consistency. Many of them also working for more than thirty years on extensively covered in many other have hardeners or other chemicals, a continuing development of electro- books. The manufacturers of paints added to them to insure correct static coating processes and and coatings have gone to great color match, gloss, hardness, drying equipment, as well as techniques length to publish information on their time or other characteristics and service to further improve the new and existing products. necessary to produce a first class high efficiency of this process. These finish. Make sure you are familiar techniques can be quite useful for But, even an extensive knowledge with the specific finish material data paint formulators by providing better of surface preparation techniques sheets accompanying each wraparound; higher quality finishes and paint chemistry is not enough to material. Do not mix materials from requiring less touch-up and, increasing assure a professional finish. The various manufacturers. Read and paint film build. This information is a finish must be applied by a spray follow directions carefully. gun, and all the variables of its use guide to solvent selection to improve must be mastered. All finish materials must also be electrostatic sprayability. supplied with material Safety Data The equipment necessary to apply sheets (MSDS). This data provides Controlled Paint Resistivity - the finish – the spray gun, tank, cup, information on proper handling and A Factor in Formulation regulator, hoses, compressor, etc. – disposal of materials. Many states It has been determined that coating must all be matched to the job as require that MSDS be kept on file by formulations for electrostatic well as to each other. That the user. application, in addition to meeting equipment must be used and customer requirements for durability, maintained properly, with an The first step is knowing the type drying time, gloss, etc., should have appreciation of how and why it and color of paint the project an electrical resistance within a works the way it does. requires. specified range for best atomizing The moment of truth for any finish With these determined, follow the characteristics and electrical happens when the trigger is pulled. manufacturer’s instruction for deposition. This book focuses on that moment. preparing it exactly. If you have any doubts about how to proceed, don’t Electrical resistivity is a characteristic guess! Contact your paint supplier which must be built into the paint Surface Preparation for help. Improperly prepared paint formulation. It has generally been will never produce a good finish! The surface to be finished should be found that most materials can be well cleaned before painting. If the The chief characteristic that adjusted to have suitable resistance paint manufacturer’s instructions call determines the sprayablility of paint and still meet other requirements. for it, the surface should be and how much film may be applied, We have found that no single, chemically treated. Use a blow-off is its viscosity … or consistency. simple characteristic or adjustment gun and tack rag to remove all dust Following the paint manufacturer’s provides optimum sprayability for and dirt. No amount of primer or instructions will get you close, but any given coating. However, paint will cover up a badly prepared for professional results, use a adjustment of paint resistivity surface. viscosity cup. It is a simple but very through appropriate selection of accurate, way to measure the solvents improves many paints that Plastic parts may contain static thickness of paint. With the cup, you otherwise could not be sprayed electricity from the molding process. can thin or reduce the paint to the efficiently by the electrostatic process. 3 optimum ranges will usually improve dispersed resin is also beneficial. its sprayability. Most paints of high pigment volume Solvent Classification for A specific selection should be based concentration and paints where the Electrostatic Usage on the best compromise to obtain binder is highly nonpolar, such as Solvents may be classified as POLAR the desired resistivity, viscosity, flow bodied linseed oil, styrenated alkyds, or NONPOLAR. For our purposes, rate, evaporation rate, cost, and other lacquers based on hydrocarbon
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