DOCSLIB.ORG

The Direction of Evolution in the Drosophila Rnelanogaster Species Subgroup Based on Functional Analysis of the Crystal Cells T

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Direction of Evolution in the Drosophila Rnelanogaster Species Subgroup Based on Functional Analysis of the Crystal Cells T THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 212: 323-328 11980) The Direction of Evolution in the Drosophila rnelanogaster Species Subgroup Based on Functional Analysis of the Crystal Cells T. M. RIZKI AND ROSE M. RIZKI Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ABSTRACT The crystal cells in the hemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster contain paracrystalline inclusions and phenol oxidase. Melanization of this type of blood cell can be induced by treatment of larvae with hot water. By using this functional criterion to establish cell homology we compared the shape of the inclusions in the crystal cells of the D. melanogaster species subgroup and a number of distantly related species of Drosophila. The crystal cell inclusions in four of the sibling species (simulans, erecta, mauritiana, yakuba) are the same as those found in D. melanogaster. In the fifth species, D. teissieri, the crystal cell inclusions resemble those found in the hemocytes of the other larval drosophilids that were examined rather than those of D. melanogaster. On the basis of these observations and the phylogenetic relationships deduced from analysis of chromosomal inversions by Lemeunier and Ashburner ('76), we propose that D. teissieri is closer to the ancestral form or is the ancestral species of the melanogaster species subgroup of Drosowhila. This is the first instance in which a hemocyte type has been used to determine the direction of evolution within a subgroup of insect species. The larval hemolymph of Drosophila melan- in this mutant are melanized, the phenol ox- ogaster contains two classes of hemocytes, idase within them is destroyed; hence Bc lar- plasmatocytes and crystal cells (Rizki, '57a). vae lack phenol oxidase activity. Furthermore, Plasmatocytes differentiate into podocyte and melanization of the crystal cells in Bc+ larvae lamellocyte variants but the crystal cells, can be induced by hot water treatment, and comprising 5-1096 of the larval hemocyte pop- the distribution of heat-induced black cells in ulation, remain uniquely distinguishable by these larvae mimics the distribution of black their prominent paracrystalline inclusions. cells in Bc mutant larvae. From this series of Such cytoplasmic structures have not, to our observations it is clear that two methods can knowledge, been reported in the blood cells of be used to identify crystal cells in D. melano- other insects or even other species of Droso- gaster: structurally, on the basis of their par- phila. Yet the function ascribed to these cells, acrystalline inclusions; and functionally, by storage of the components involved in hemo- hot water treatment to blacken them. Utiliz- lymph phenol oxidase activity (Rizki and Riz- ing these criteria we examined the hemocytes ki, '59), is a common attribute of insect hem- of a number of sibling species of D. melano- olymph. gaster and some other members of the family Studies on a recently isolated mutant gene, Drosophilidae. For the latter group, no effort Black cells (Bc, 2-80.621, agree with the lo- was made to be exhaustive; we used species calization of hemolymph phenol oxidase activ- that were available in our laboratory. The five ity to the crystal cells (Rizki and Rizki, '79a; sibling species of D. melanogaster used are Rizki et al., submitted for publication). Blood those studied by Lemeunier and Ashburner cells with paracrystalline inclusions are ab- ('76). The present report summarizes these sent in Bc larvae that contain instead melan- findings on Drosophila hemocytes and sug- ized cells in the hemolymph and lymph glands, gests that analysis of hemocyte types may be suggesting that the blackened cells are a mu- useful in delineating phylogenetic relation- tant form of the crystal cells. When the cells ships in Drosophila. 0022-104X/80/2123-0323$01.40CG 1980 ALAN R. LISS, INC. 323 324 T.M.RIZKI AND R.M. RIZKI MATERIALS AND METHODS from those found in D. melanogaster crystal, The sibling species used for this study were: cells, and representative crystal cells from D. melanogaster (Ore-R wild type), D. erecta these four species are included (Fig. 1).There (154.1), D. simulans (C135.20), D. yakuba are variations in size of the paracrystalline (115), D. teissieri (128.2), and D. mauritiana. inclusions, and the number of inclusions per The other species examined were: D. pseu- cell also differs among crystal cells taken from doobscura, D. virilis, D. novamexicam, D. wil- the same hemolymph sample. Cells similar to listoni, D. nebulosa, D. buskii, and Zaprionus the four cells in this plate, each taken from a uittiger. different sibling species, can all be found in a All larvae were grown on cream of wheat single sample taken from any one of the sib- medium with live yeast at 18°C except Za- ling species, including D. melanogaster. Treat- prionus larvae, which were grown on corn ment with hot water blackened the cells with meal-agar medium and D. buskii larvae, crystals in the four sibling species. which were grown on medium containing flax Figure 2 contains photographs of crystal seed. Mid-third instar larvae were washed cells from D. teissieri, another sibling species with 1.2% NaClO and rinsed well with dis- of D. melanogaster. The inclusions in these tilled H,O to remove extraneous food particles cells lack the general rectangular appearance from the body surface. Larvae were opened by found in the crystal cells of the other five tearing the body wall, taking care not to species of the melanogaster subgroup of Dro- rupture internal organs, and allowing the sophila. They appear chunky and globular. hemolymph to flow into a small drop of buff- The inclusions are quantitatively variable but ered formaldehyde (2.3% in phosphate buffer none of the inclusions resemble those found in at pH 7.2). After 4 minutes dilute Giemsa the other sibling species. That these cells are stain was added to the hemolymph sample, functionally similar to the crystal cells of the and the stained cells were examined. At least other melanogaster sibling species can be dem- five camera lucida drawings of crystal cells onstrated by immersion of the larvae in hot were made for each species to assure that water, for they respond to this treatment pre- variations in shape and size of the inclusions cisely as do the crystal cells. were recorded. In all the larvae from outside the melano- To establish the functional identity of the gaster species subgroup the hemocytes with cells with inclusions, larvae were immersed in inclusions resembled those found in D. teissieri hot water at 70°C. When blackening of hem- rather than those found in D. melanogaster ocytes became apparent, the treated larvae (Fig. 3). There were size and quantitative were examined either directly under trans- variations, but none similar to the melanogas- mitted light (compound microscope: 12.5 x 16 ter type were found. For each species the or 12.5 x 25 magnification), or the larvae functional relationship to the melanogaster were opened in Carnoy fixative and tissues crystal cell was established by hot water treat- with attached darkened cells were processed ment. and examined. The cytoplasmic inclusions are DISCUSSION still visible in the cells that are only lightly This report is the first attempt to use a tanned, so the cells were not permitted to functional criterion for classification of a spe- blacken fully. The inclusions in the melanizing cific hemocyte type in the genus Drosophila. cells and in the stained preparations were Classification of insect hemocytes relies pri- compared. marily on morphological characteristics, so categorization of cells to a common class RESULTS among different insects is possible only when The cytoplasmic inclusions in the crystal there are distinctly comparable structural cells of D. melanogaster have a strikingly traits. To draw analogies in the absence of regular shape. The two longer sides of the such similarity or in the absence of informa- structures appear parallel with ends that are tion on the functions of a given cell type is either rectangular or conical. Since photo- unwise, since hemocytes display morphologi- graphs of D. melanogaster crystal cells have cal variations in response to physiological been published previously (Rizki and Rizki, changes in the hemolymph; they also show '591, none are included here. However, the variations during their own stages of devel- paracrystalline inclusions in four of the sib- opment (Rizki, '78). D. melanogaster with its ling species, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. many mutant strains has been exceptionally yakuba, and D. erecta are indistinguishable useful for studying hemocyte interrelation- CRYSTAL CELIS IN DROSOPHILA 325 Fig. 1. Morphology of the paracrystalline inclusions in the crystal cells of: a, D. simulans; b, D. mauritiana; c, D. yakuba; d, D. erecta. Fig. 2. Crystal cells of D. teissien. 326 T.M. RIZKI AND R.M. MZKI Fig. 3. Crystal cells of: a, D. willistoni; b, D. psedoobscum; c, D.novamexicam; d, Zapriow uittiger. ships: melanotic tumor strains provided the morphologically similar” although Rizki and material for studying the plasmatocytes and Rizki (’59) did not “analogize the crystalloid their morphological variants (Rizki, ’57b; Riz- cells ofD. willistoni” with the crystal cells in ki and Rizki, ’79b); the Bc mutant confirmed D. melanogaster. From the present study it is the crystal cell as the source of hemolymph clear that the crystal cells in D. melanogaster phenol oxidase activity and lead to a simple are analogous to the cells in D. willistoni technique for releasing melanization in the described as spheroidocytes (Rizki, ’53); there crystal cells of Bc’ larvae (Rizki and Rizki, is as yet no information suggesting a relation- ’79a). With the latter method hemocytes that ship, if any, between the crystalloid cells of D. are not otherwise readily comparable by mor- willistoni and the crystal cells of D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genome Divergence and Gene Flow Between Drosophila Simulans And
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024711; this version posted August 14, 2015. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Genome divergence and gene flow between Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana Sarah B. Kingan, Anthony J. Geneva, Jeffrey P. Vedanayagam, and Daniel Garrigan Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024711; this version posted August 14, 2015. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Running title: Gene flow between allopatric Drosophila Key words: Drosophila; genome; introgression, speciation Corresponding author: Daniel Garrigan Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627 Phone: +1-585-276-4816 Email: [email protected] 2 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/024711; this version posted August 14, 2015. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. ABSTRACT The fruit fly Drosophila simulans and its sister species D. mauritiana are a model system for studying the genetic basis of reproductive isolation, primarily because interspecific crosses produce sterile hybrid males and their phylogenetic proximity to D.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Scale Genome Reconstructions Illuminate Wolbachia Evolution
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19016-0 OPEN Large scale genome reconstructions illuminate Wolbachia evolution ✉ Matthias Scholz 1,2, Davide Albanese 1, Kieran Tuohy 1, Claudio Donati1, Nicola Segata 2 & ✉ Omar Rota-Stabelli 1,3 Wolbachia is an iconic example of a successful intracellular bacterium. Despite its importance as a manipulator of invertebrate biology, its evolutionary dynamics have been poorly studied 1234567890():,; from a genomic viewpoint. To expand the number of Wolbachia genomes, we screen over 30,000 publicly available shotgun DNA sequencing samples from 500 hosts. By assembling over 1000 Wolbachia genomes, we provide a substantial increase in host representation. Our phylogenies based on both core-genome and gene content provide a robust reference for future studies, support new strains in model organisms, and reveal recent horizontal transfers amongst distantly related hosts. We find various instances of gene function gains and losses in different super-groups and in cytoplasmic incompatibility inducing strains. Our Wolbachia- host co-phylogenies indicate that horizontal transmission is widespread at the host intras- pecific level and that there is no support for a general Wolbachia-mitochondrial synchronous divergence. 1 Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all’Adige, Italy. 2 Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy. ✉ 3Present address: Centre Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy. email: [email protected]; [email protected] NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2020) 11:5235 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19016-0 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19016-0 ature is filled with exemplar cases of symbiotic interaction based on genomic data have found no clear evidence of intras- between bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Dimorphism and Natural Variation Within and Among Species
    Hilbrant et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014, 14:240 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/240 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Sexual dimorphism and natural variation within and among species in the Drosophila retinal mosaic Maarten Hilbrant1,2, Isabel Almudi1, Daniel J Leite1, Linta Kuncheria1, Nico Posnien3, Maria DS Nunes1 and Alistair P McGregor1* Abstract Background: Insect compound eyes are composed of ommatidia, which contain photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light defined by the specific rhodopsin proteins that they express. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has several different ommatidium types that can be localised to specific retinal regions, such as the dorsal rim area (DRA), or distributed stochastically in a mosaic across the retina, like the ‘pale’ and ‘yellow’ types. Variation in these ommatidia patterns very likely has important implications for the vision of insects and could underlie behavioural and environmental adaptations. However, despite the detailed understanding of ommatidia specification in D. melanogaster, the extent to which the frequency and distribution of the different ommatidium types vary between sexes, strains and species of Drosophila is not known. Results: We investigated the frequency and distribution of ommatidium types based on rhodopsin protein expression, and the expression levels of rhodopsin transcripts in the eyes of both sexes of different strains of D. melanogaster, D. simulans and D. mauritiana. We found that while the number of DRA ommatidia was invariant, Rh3 expressing ommatidia were more frequent in the larger eyes of females compared to the males of all species analysed. The frequency and distribution of ommatidium types also differed between strains and species.
    [Show full text]
  • Tartan Underlies the Evolution of Drosophila Male Genital Morphology
    tartan underlies the evolution of Drosophila male genital morphology Joanna F. D. Hagena, Cláudia C. Mendesa,1, Amber Blogga, Alexander Paynea,2, Kentaro M. Tanakaa,3, Pedro Gaspara, Javier Figueras Jimeneza, Maike Kittelmanna, Alistair P. McGregora,b,4, and Maria D. S. Nunesa,b,4 aDepartment of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, OX3 0BP Oxford, United Kingdom; and bCentre for Functional Genomics, Oxford Brookes University, OX3 0BP Oxford, United Kingdom Edited by Brian Charlesworth, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and approved August 5, 2019 (received for review June 10, 2019) Male genital structures are among the most rapidly evolving The claspers are periphallic structures with an essential role in morphological traits and are often the only features that can grasping and proprioception of the female and in securing gen- distinguish closely related species. This process is thought to be ital coupling (12, 22–27). Previously, we found that multiple loci driven by sexual selection and may reinforce species separation. contribute to divergence in clasper size and bristle number be- However, while the genetic bases of many phenotypic differ- tween D. simulans and D. mauritiana (19). Here, we report the ences have been identified, we still lack knowledge about the identification of one of these loci, tartan (trn). In addition, genes underlying evolutionary differences in male genital or- mapping and functional experiments strongly suggest that cis- gans and organ size more generally. The claspers (surstyli) are regulatory changes in this gene underlie differences in clasper periphallic structures that play an important role in copulation in morphology between these two species.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in Fiber Number of a Male-Specific Muscle Between Drosophila Species: a Genetic and Developmental Analysis
    EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 9:4, 368–377 (2007) Variation in fiber number of a male-specific muscle between Drosophila species: a genetic and developmental analysis Virginie Orgogozo,a,1,Ã Noelle M. Muro,a and David L. Sterna aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA ÃAuthor for correspondence (email: [email protected]) 1Present address: Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, Baˆt. A, 5e`me etage, case 29, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France SUMMARY We characterize a newly discovered comparison of MOL development indicates that the species morphological difference between species of the Drosophila difference appears during metamorphosis. We mapped the melanogaster subgroup. The muscle of Lawrence (MOL) quantitative trait loci responsible for the change in muscle fiber contains about four to five fibers in D. melanogaster and number between D. sechellia and D. simulans to two genomic Drosophila simulans and six to seven fibers in Drosophila regions on chromosome 2. Our data eliminate the possibility of mauritiana and Drosophila sechellia. The same number of evolving mutations in the fruitless gene and suggest that a nuclei per fiber is present in these species but their total change in the twist might be partly responsible for this number of MOL nuclei differs. This suggests that the number evolutionary change. of muscle precursor cells has changed during evolution. Our INTRODUCTION Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that determine the total number of fibers within a skeletal muscle is of Contractile organs filled with myofibrils of actin and myosin fundamental importance for agriculture. For more than a that slide across each other, known as muscles, are present in hundred years, cattle with greatly enlarged muscles have all Bilateria.
    [Show full text]
  • In Drosophila Sechellia and D. Muritiana
    Copyright 8 1995 by the Genetics Society of America Wolbachia Infections and the Expression of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in Drosophila sechellia and D. muritiana Rosanna Giordano, * Scott L. O’Neillt and Hugh M. Robertson * *Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Manuscript received November 28, 1994 Accepted for publication May 6, 1995 ABSTRACT Various stocks of Drosophila mauritiana and D. sechellia were found to be infected with Wolbachia, a Rickettsia-likebacterium that is known to cause cytoplasmic incompatibility and other reproductive abnormalities in arthropods. Testing for the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in these two species showed partial incompatibility D.in sechellia but no expression of incompatibility inD. mauritiana. To determine whether absence of cytoplasmic incompatibility in D. mauritiana was due to either the bacterial or host genome, we transferred bacteria from D. mauritiana into an uninfected strain of D. simulans, a host species known to express high levels of incompatibility with endogenous Wolbachia. We also performed the reciprocal transferof the naturalD. simuluns Riverside infection into a tetracycline- treated stock of D. mauritiana. In each case, the ability to express incompatibility was unaltered by the different host genetic background. These experiments indicate that in D. simulans and D. mauritiana expression of the cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotype is determined by the bacterial strain and that D. mauritiana harbors a neutral strain of Wolbachia. YTOPLASMIC incompatibility typicallyis ex- male ages ( SINGHet al. 1976; HOFFMANNet al. 1986), C pressed when a male insect that is infected with possibly as a result of eggs being fertilized with sperm Wolbachia mates with a noninfected female.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping QTL Contributing to Variation in Posterior Lobe Morphology Between Strains of Drosophila Melanogaster
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Mapping QTL Contributing to Variation in Posterior Lobe Morphology between Strains of Drosophila melanogaster Jennifer L. Hackett1, Xiaofei Wang1, Brittny R. Smith1, Stuart J. Macdonald1,2* 1 Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States of America, 2 Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States of America * [email protected] a11111 Abstract Closely-related, and otherwise morphologically similar insect species frequently show strik- ing divergence in the shape and/or size of male genital structures, a phenomenon thought to be driven by sexual selection. Comparative interspecific studies can help elucidate the OPEN ACCESS evolutionary forces acting on genital structures to drive this rapid differentiation. However, Citation: Hackett JL, Wang X, Smith BR, Macdonald genetic dissection of sexual trait divergence between species is frequently hampered by the SJ (2016) Mapping QTL Contributing to Variation in difficulty generating interspecific recombinants. Intraspecific variation can be leveraged to Posterior Lobe Morphology between Strains of investigate the genetics of rapidly-evolving sexual traits, and here we carry out a genetic Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0162573. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162573 analysis of variation in the posterior lobe within D. melanogaster. The lobe is a male-specific process emerging from the genital arch of D. melanogaster and three closely-related spe- Editor: Arnar Palsson, University of Iceland, ICELAND cies, is essential for copulation, and shows radical divergence in form across species. There is also abundant variation within species in the shape and size of the lobe, and while Received: June 20, 2016 this variation is considerably more subtle than that seen among species, it nonetheless pro- Accepted: August 24, 2016 vides the raw material for QTL mapping.
    [Show full text]
  • Loss of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility and Minimal Fecundity Effects Explain Relatively Low Wolbachia Frequencies in Drosophila Mauritiana
    Loss of cytoplasmic incompatibility and minimal fecundity effects explain relatively low Wolbachia frequencies in Drosophila mauritiana Megan K. Meany1, William R. Conner1, Sophia V. Richter1, Jessica A. Bailey1, Michael Turelli2 and Brandon S. Cooper1¶ 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA 2Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA USA Correspondence: ¶Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana 32 Campus Drive, ISB Missoula, MT 59812, USA Email: [email protected] RUNNING TITLE: wMau Wolbachia in Drosophila mauritiana KEYWORDS host-microbe interactions, introgression, maternal transmission, mitochondria, spatial spread, WO phage ABSTRACT Maternally transmitted Wolbachia bacteria infect about half of all insect species. Many Wolbachia cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), reduced egg hatch when uninfected females mate with infected males. Although CI produces a frequency-dependent fitness advantage that leads to high equilibrium Wolbachia frequencies, it does not aid Wolbachia spread from low frequencies. Indeed, the fitness advantages that produce initial Wolbachia spread and maintain non-CI Wolbachia remain elusive. wMau Wolbachia infecting Drosophila mauritiana do not cause CI, despite being very similar to CI-causing wNo from D. simulans (0.068% sequence divergence over 682,494 bp), suggesting recent CI loss. Using draft wMau genomes, we identify a deletion in a CI-associated gene, consistent with theory predicting that selection within host lineages does not act to increase or maintain CI. In the laboratory, wMau shows near-perfect maternal transmission; but we find no significant effect on host fecundity, in contrast to published data. Intermediate wMau frequencies on the island Mauritius are consistent with a balance between unidentified small, positive fitness effects and imperfect maternal transmission.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic and Transgenic Reagents for Drosophila Simulans, D. Mauritiana, D
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/096644; this version posted December 23, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Genetic and transgenic reagents for Drosophila simulans, D. mauritiana, D. yakuba, D. santomea and D. virilis David L. Stern1*, Justin Crocker1, Yun Ding1, Nicolas Frankel2, Gretchen Kappes3, Elizabeth Kim1, Ryan Kuzmickas4, Andrew Lemire1 and Serge Picard5 1 Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA 2 Departamento de Ecologıa, Genetica y Evolucion, IEGEBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina 3 Current address unknown 4 Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA 5 Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 *Address correspondence and requests for reagents to [email protected] Abstract Species of the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup, including the species D. simulans, D. mauritiana, D. yakuba, and D. santomea, have long served as model systems for studying evolution. Studies in these species have been limited, however, by a paucity of genetic and transgenic reagents. Here we describe a collection of transgenic and genetic strains generated to facilitate genetic studies within and between these species. We have generated many strains of each species containing mapped piggyBac transposons including an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein gene expressed in the eyes and a phiC31 attP site-specific integration site.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosophila Information Service
    - - DROSOPHILA INFORMATION SERVICE Material contributed by DROSOPHILA WORKERS and arranged by P. W. HEDRICK Material presented here should not be used in publications without the consent of the author. Prepared at the DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas 66045 - USA DROSOPHILA INFORMATION SERVICE Number 63 Including the Special Report: THE MOLECULAR GENOME OF Drosophila melanogaster: Catalogs of cloned DNA, breakpoints and transformed inserts by chromosome location. by J. Merriam, S. Smalley, A. Merriam and B. Dawson Department of Biology University of California at Los Angeles June 1986 Prepared at the Division of Biological Sciences University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 - USNA Publication costs are partially funded by NSF Grant BSR-8420293 to R.C. Woodruff. For information regarding submission of manuscripts or other contributions to Drosophila Information Service, contact P.W. Hedrick, Editor, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 - USA. June 1986 DROSOPHILA INFORMATION SERVICE 63 DIS 63 - Table of Contents ANNOUNCEMENTS and 27th ANNUAL DROSOPHILA CONFERENCE REPORT ......................... 63: V INDEX TO THE TECHNICAL NOTES: 1960-1986 ..................................................................... 63: RESEARCH NOTES ACHARY, P.M. and C.C. DAS. Evaluation of Hydroxyurea as an in vivo synchronizing agent of DNA replication on the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila . ..................................... 63: 11 ADELL, J.C. and L.M. BOTELLA. Effect of crowding in cultures of lethal (2) giant larvae . ........ 63: 12 ADELL, J.C. and L.M. BOTELLA. Effect of long-term competition on development of Drosophila melanogaster . ......................................................................................... 63: 13 ALAHIOTIS, S.N. and G.N. GOULIELMOS. Fertile F1 males and females from crosses between Drosophila mauritiana females and D.melanogaster or D.simulans males .
    [Show full text]
  • Persistence and Invasiveness of High-Level Heteroplasmy Through
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.17.301572; this version posted September 18, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Title: 2 Persistence and invasiveness of high-level heteroplasmy through 3 biparental transmission of a selfish mitochondrion in Drosophila 4 5 Running title: Biparental transmission of a selfish mitochondrion in Drosophila 6 7 Authors: Guilherme C. Baião1,§, Anton Strunov2,§, Eleanor Heyworth1,§, Daniela I. 8 Schneider2,*, Julia Thoma2, Lisa Klasson1,#, Wolfgang J. Miller2,# 9 10 Author affiliations: 1 Molecular Evolution, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science 11 for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden; 2 Lab 12 Genome Dynamics, Department Cell & Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell 13 Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria. 14 § The authors contributed equally 15 # Corresponding authors, and equal contribution 16 * Current address: Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. 17 Emails: 18 [email protected] 19 [email protected] 20 [email protected] 21 [email protected] 22 [email protected] 23 [email protected] 24 [email protected] 25 26 Keywords: Heteroplasmy, mitochondria, biparental & paternal transmission, selfish genetic 27 elements, Drosophila, evolution, genomics, introgression, development. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.17.301572; this version posted September 18, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Risk Assessment of the Use of Transgenic Arthropods in Plant Protection
    IAEA-TECDOC-1483 Status and risk assessment of the use of transgenic arthropods in plant protection Proceedings of a technical meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, held in Rome, 8 to 12 April 2002 March 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1483 Status and risk assessment of the use of transgenic arthropods in plant protection Proceedings of a technical meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, held in Rome, 8 to 12 April 2002 March 2006 This publication has been prepared by the: FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria STATUS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF TRANSGENIC ARTHROPODS IN PLANT PROTECTION IAEA, VIENNA, 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1483 ISBN 92–0–113005–8 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2006 Printed by the IAEA in Austria March 2006 FOREWORD New developments in the modern biotechnology have opened up the possibility of introducing genes into the germline of many insect species, including those of agricultural importance. This technology offers the potential to improve current pest control strategies that incorporate the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Potential improvements include the development of strains that (1) produce only male insects for sterilization and release and (2) carry a marker that distinguishes them from wild insects. There are many institutions involved in the development of transgenic insect technology both for studies on basic gene regulation and for the creation of transgenic strains for use in a wide range of insect control programmes.
    [Show full text]