NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA The Government of India

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (75+543 Km Bathinda – Ludhiana Green Field Highway )

Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE-5 near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana

Consultant Amaltas Enviro Industrial Consultants LLP 2925 – Basement, Sector -46, Gurugram, August 2021 Haryana – 122003 Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1821/RA 0141 Rev .01

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 1.1. PROPONENT DESCRIPTION ...... 1-1 1.2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ...... 1-1 1.3. PROJECT LOCATION ...... 1-3 1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & CLEARANCE PROCESS ...... 1-5 1.5. METHODOLGY ADOPTED FOR EIA STUDY ...... 1-18 1.5.1. Reconnaissance Survey ...... 1-18 1.5.2. Applicability of Environmental Regulations ...... 1-18 1.5.3. Study of Alternative ...... 1-22 1.5.4. Environmental profile at the local and regional level ...... 1-22 1.5.5. Impact Assessment ...... 1-23 1.5.6. Public Consultation ...... 1-24 1.5.7. Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan ...... 1-24 1.6. STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT: ...... 1-24 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 2-1 2.1. PROJECT LOCATION ...... 2-1 2.2. WIDTH OF EXISTING CARRIAGEWAY ...... 2-1 2.2.1. Existing Carriageway ...... 2-1 2.2.2. Proposed Right of Way ...... 2-1 2.3. PROJECT IMPROVEMENTS ...... 2-1 2.3.1. Typical Cross Section ...... 2-1 2.3.2. Bypasses ...... 2-16 2.3.3. Major Interaction ...... 2-16 2.3.4. Flyovers ...... 2-16 2.3.5. Bridges and Culverts ...... 2-17 2.3.6. Vehicular Under Pass (VUP) ...... 2-19 2.3.7. Vehicle over pass (VOP) ...... 2-19 2.3.8. Light Vehicular Underpasses ...... 2-20 2.3.9. Small Vehicles Underpass ...... 2-23 2.3.10. Road Side Amenities ...... 2-26 2.3.11. Toll Plaza: ...... 2-27 2.3.12. Way side Amenities / Service Areas ...... 2-27 2.3.13. Design Speed ...... 2-28 2.4. TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS ...... 2-28 2.4.1. Forecasted Traffic ...... 2-28 2.5. NATURAL RESOURCE REQUIREMENT ...... 2-32 2.5.1. Construction Water ...... 2-32 2.5.2. Sand...... 2-32 2.5.3. Borrow Area ...... 2-33 2.5.4. Fly Ash Source ...... 2-33 2.5.5. Aggregate Requirements ...... 2-34 2.6. LAND REQUIREMENTS ...... 2-40 2.7. MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS ...... 2-40 2.8. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 2-40 3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ...... 3-1 3.1. ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES (With & Without Project) ...... 3-1 3.1.1. Without Project Scenario...... 3-1 3.1.2. With Project Scenario ...... 3-1 3.2. SELECTION CRETARION FOR OPTIONS FINALIZATION ...... 3-3 3.3. STUDY OF ATLETNATIVE ...... 3-4 3.4. ALTERNATIVE IN TECHNOLOGY ...... 3-9 3.5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROSPECTIVE ...... 3-10 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-1 4.1. GENERAL ...... 4-1 4.2. STUDY AREA ...... 4-1

CANADA | INDIA | ASIA | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Page | i

4.3. LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-1 4.4. AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-12 4.4.1. Meteorology ...... 4-12 4.5. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ...... 4-19 4.5.1. Air Quality ...... 4-19 4.5.2. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ...... 4-19 4.5.3. Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey ...... 4-20 4.5.4. Frequency and Parameters for Sampling ...... 4-20 4.5.5. Duration of Sampling ...... 4-20 4.5.6. Sampling Locations: ...... 4-20 4.6. NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-25 4.7. WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-30 4.7.1. Ground Water Resource: ...... 4-30 4.8. GROUND WATER ...... 4-33 4.8.1. Ground Water Quality ...... 4-33 4.8.2. Water Quality Monitoring: ...... 4-33 4.9. SOIL ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-40 4.9.1. Soil Monitoring ...... 4-40 4.10. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 4-41 4.11. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ...... 4-47 4.11.1. Total Population ...... 4-47 4.11.2.Population Density ...... 4-47 4.11.3.Rural and Urban Population ...... 4-48 4.11.4.Sex Ratio ...... 4-48 4.11.5.Vulnerable Population ...... 4-48 4.11.6.Literacy Rate ...... 4-48 4.11.7.Distribution of Population by Workers and Non-Workers and Occupation ...... 4-49 5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 5-1 5.1. GENERAL ...... 5-1 5.2. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS...... 5-2 5.3. IMPACT DURING PRE- CONSTRUCTION STAGE ...... 5-3 5.4. IMPACT AND MITIGATION DURING CONSTRUCTION ...... 5-4 5.4.1. Land Resources ...... 5-4 5.4.2. Change in land use and loss of productive soil ...... 5-5 5.4.3. Soil Erosion/Runoff...... 5-6 5.4.4. Borrow Areas and Quarries ...... 5-6 5.4.5. Compaction and Contamination of Soil ...... 5-7 5.4.6. Utilities ...... 5-8 5.4.7. Generation of Debris ...... 5-8 5.4.8. Biological Environment ...... 5-8 5.4.9. Selection of tree Species of Land Scaping ...... 5-10 5.4.10. Geology ...... 5-11 5.4.11. Seismology ...... 5-12 5.4.12. Soil Environment ...... 5-12 5.4.13. Air Environment ...... 5-15 5.4.14. Surface Water: ...... 5-15 5.4.15. Biological Environment ...... 5-18 5.4.16. Public Health and Safety ...... 5-21 5.5. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION DURING OPERATION ...... 5-23 5.5.1. Soil Environment ...... 5-23 5.5.2. Air environment ...... 5-23 5.5.3. Noise Environment ...... 5-25 5.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 5-29 6. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 6-1 6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 6-1 6.1.1. Objectives of EMP ...... 6-1 6.2. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ...... 6-1 6.3. PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS...... 6-3 6.4. REPORTING SYSTEM ...... 6-10 6.5. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ...... 6-10

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6.6. TRAINING ...... 6-10 6.7. INSTITUTIONAL FRAME WORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (EMF) IMPLEMENTATION ...... 6-11 6.8. CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF PIU BATHINDA FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ...... 6-11 6.9. PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL SET UP FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...... 6-13 6.10. CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 6-16 6.11. TRAINING FOR CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT ...... 6-16 7. ADDATIONAL STUDY ...... 7-1 7.1. Need of the Project ...... 7-2 7.2. APPROACH & METHODOLOGY ADOPTED ...... 7-3 7.3. LOCATION WISE COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS...... 7-3 7.4. Risk ASSESSMENT ...... 7-7 7.5. ADAPTING SAFETY MEASURES ...... 7-8 7.5.1. Hazards during Construction Phase ...... 7-8 7.5.2. Emergency Preparedness Plan ...... 7-9 7.6. PUBLIC HEARING ...... 7-35 8. PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 8-1 9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 9-1 9.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 9-1 9.1.1. Objectives of EMP ...... 9-1 9.2. PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE ...... 9-1 9.2.1. Pre-construction activities by PIU/ Supervision Consultant ...... 9-1 9.2.2. Pre-construction activities by HAM Contractor ...... 9-1 9.3. CONSTRUCTION STAGE ...... 9-2 9.3.1. Construction activities by the HAM Contractor ...... 9-2 9.3.2. Construction activities by the PIU/Independent Consultants ...... 9-2 9.4. OPERATION STAGE ...... 9-2 9.5. EMP BUDGETS ...... 9-46 10. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ...... 10-1 10.1. BACKGROUND ...... 10-1 10.2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ...... 10-1 10.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT ...... 10-3 10.4. SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA) ...... 10-3 10.5. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ROAD ...... 10-4 10.6. APPLICABILITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ...... 10-6 10.7. EXISTING CARRIAGEWAY ...... 10-10 10.8. PROPOSED RIGHT OF WAY ...... 10-10 10.9. PROJECT IMPROVEMENTS ...... 10-10 10.10. TYPICAL CROSS SECTION ...... 10-10 10.11. BASE LINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 10-15 10.11.1.Land Environment ...... 10-15 10.11.2.Physical Environment ...... 10-15 10.11.3.Biological Environment ...... 10-18 10.11.4.Potential Impact ...... 10-20 10.11.5.Environmental Management Plan ...... 10-21 10.11.6.Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 10-21 10.11.7.Cost Estimates for Environmental Management ...... 10-21

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1: Salient Feature of the Proposed Green Field Highway ...... 1-2 Table 1-2: GPS Co-ordinates (in UTM) of Project Take-off & Terminal Point ...... 1-3 Table 1-3: Compliance of the TOR approved by MoEFCC ...... 1-6 Table 1-3:Regulatory Clearance and it’s applicability ...... 1-18 Table 1-4: Primary and Secondary Data Collection Source ...... 1-23 Table 2-1: Typical cross sections for different segments of the project expressway ...... 2-1 Table 2-2: Location of Major Bypass ...... 2-16 Table 2-3: Details of MAJOR INTERSECTIONS (INTERCHANGES) ...... 2-16 Table 2-4: Details of Flyovers proposed for Green Field Highways ...... 2-17 Table 2-5: Construction of New 6 lane Major Bridges...... 2-18 Table 2-6: Construction of New 6-lane Minor Bridges on main road ...... 2-18 Table 2-7: Details of Vehicular Under Passes ...... 2-19 Table 2-8: Details of Vehicular Over Passes (VOP) ...... 2-19 Table 2-9: Details of Vehicular Over Passes (LVUP) ...... 2-20 Table 2-10: Details of Vehicular Over Passes (SVUP) ...... 2-23 Table 2-11: Details of Toll proposed for Green Field Highway ...... 2-27 Table 2-12: Details of Amenities/ Service Areas ...... 2-27 Table 2-13: Design Speed as per Terrain Classification ...... 2-28 Table 2-14: Projected Traffic (AADT) ...... 2-28 Table 2-15 : Source of Construction Water Requirement ...... 2-32 Table 2-16: Details of Sand Quarries ...... 2-32 Table 2-17: Details of source of Fly Ash within Project Area ...... 2-33 Table 2-18: Source of aggregate for Proposed Green Field Highways ...... 2-34 Table 2-10: Location of Borrow Areas ...... 2-36 Table 3-1: Assessment of Alternative (With and Without) Project ...... 3-2 Table 3-2: Comparative Description of Each Alternative (Options) Proposed ...... 3-5 Table 3-3: Comparative Analysis between Hot and Cold Mix Asphalt Technology...... 3-9 Table 3-4: The measures adopted to minimize the Environmental Impact ...... 3-10 Table 4-1: Land use pattern of the project district (Bathinda) ...... 4-4 Table 4-2: Land use pattern of the project district ...... 4-4 Table 4-3: Change in Land-Use for Sangrur ...... 4-4 Table 4-4: Few Noticeable Incidence of Earthquake in Punjab...... 4-10 Table 4-5: Last five years Rainfall Received (mm) of Bathinda district (2014-2018) ...... 4-16 Table 4-6: Last five years Rainfall Received (mm) of Barnala District (2014-2018) ...... 4-16 Table 4-7: Last five years Rainfall Received (mm) of Ludhiana District (2014-2018) ...... 4-16 Table 4-8: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 4-20 Table 4-9: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... 4-21 Table 4-10: Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations ...... 4-25 Table 4-11: Ambient Noise Level for different Zone/Category Area ...... 4-26 Table 4-12: Ambient Noise Monitoring results ...... 4-26 Table 4-13: Surface and Ground Water Sampling Locations along proposed Alignment ...... 4-34 Table 4-14: Ground Water Monitoring Result ...... 4-37 Table 4-15: Surface Water Monitoring Result ...... 4-39 Table 4-16: Details of Soil Sampling location along the PROW ...... 4-40 Table 4-17: Soil Monitoring Result ...... 4-41 Table 4-18: list of Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in Punjab ...... 4-42 Table 4-19: List of Wetlands in the state of Punjab’s ...... 4-44 Table 4-20: List of Fauna Found in the Study Area ...... 4-46

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Table 4-21: Total Population ...... 4-47 Table 4-22: Population Density of the Affected Districts ...... 4-47 Table 4-23: Rural and Urban Population ...... 4-48 Table 4-24: Sex Ratio ...... 4-48 Table 4-25: Vulnerable Population ...... 4-48 Table 4-26: Literacy Rate ...... 4-49 Table 4-27: Distribution of Population by Workers and Non-workers...... 4-49 Table 4-28: Categories of Workers ...... 4-49 Table 6-1: Activity - Impact Identification Matrix ...... 5-2 Table 6-4: The species of tree species recommended for 1st RoW of Avenue Plantation ...... 5-10 Table 6-5: Species Recommended for 2nd and Subsequent RoW ...... 5-10 Table 6-5: Impact and Mitigation on Ecological Environment ...... 5-11 Table 6-5: Ground Water Table of the Project District ...... 5-16 Table 6-6: Summary of potential impact and mitigation measures proposed ...... 5-24 Table 6-7: Ambient Noise Standards ...... 5-25 Table 6-8: Noise Related Mitigation Measures ...... 5-28 Table 6-1: Performance Indicators for the Project Monitoring...... 6-1 Table 6-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 6-4 Table 6-3: List of Monitoring Stations ...... 6-7 Table 6-4: Staffing Patterns in Contractor Office ...... 6-13 Table 6-5: Institutional frame work for EMF implementation ...... 6-14 Table 7-1: Details of Public Consultation ...... 7-3 Table 7-2: Suggested Stage for Road Safety Audits ...... 7-15 Table 7-3: District Wise Schedule for Public Hearings ...... 7-35 Table 9-1: Environmental Management Measures ...... 9-3 Table 9-2: Monitoring, Reporting Plan & Responsibility ...... 9-43 Table 10-1: Salient Feature of the Proposed Green Field Highway ...... 10-2 Table 10-2: GPS Co-ordinates (in UTM) of Project Take-off & Terminal Point ...... 10-4 Table 10-3:Regulatory Clearance and it’s applicability ...... 10-6 Table 10-4: General Impacts on Natural Environment ...... 10-21

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Location Map of Proposed Ludhiana – Bathinda Green Field Highway ...... 1-4 Figure 2-1: Typical TCS for 6 lane Divided Carriageway for Proposed Alignment ...... 2-8 Figure 3-1: Alternative Options for Proposed Alignment ...... 3-8 Figure 4-1: General Land Use Pattern Within 1 km ...... 4-2 Figure 4-2: General Land Use Pattern Within 5 km ...... 4-3 Figure 4-3: Geological Map of Punjab with Proposed Alignment ...... 4-5 Figure 4-4: Soil Map of Punjab and Project Alignment ...... 4-6 Figure 4-5: Elevation Map of Alignment ...... 4-7 Figure 4-6: Drainage Map of Punjab State ...... 4-8 Figure 4-7: The Global Seismic Hazard Map of Punjab State ...... 4-9 Figure 4-8: Flood Prone Area of Punjab...... 4-11 Figure 4-9: Average Temperature Graph for Bhatinda District ...... 4-12 Figure 4-10: Average Temperature Graph for Barnala District ...... 4-13 Figure 4-11:Average Yearly Graph (2020) for Ludhiana District ...... 4-13 Figure 4-12: The Decadal Rainfall Graph (2009 – 2020) for Ludhiana ...... 4-14 Figure 4-13: The Decadal Rainfall Graph (2009 – 2020) for Barnala District ...... 4-15 Figure 4-14: The Decadal Rainfall Graph (2009 – 2020) for Bathinda District ...... 4-15

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Figure 4-15: Wind Hazard Map of Punjab State with Proposed Alignment...... 4-17 Figure 4-16: The Decadal Windspeed & Gust Graph (2009 – 2020) for Bathinda District ...... 4-18 Figure 4-17: The Decadal Windspeed & Gust Graph (2009 – 2020) for Barnala District ...... 4-18 Figure 4-18: The Decadal Windspeed & Gust Graph (2009 – 2020) for Ludhiana District ...... 4-19 Figure 4-19: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 4-23 Figure 4-20: Comparative PM-10 Monitoring Result ...... 4-24 Figure 4-21: Comparative PM-2.5 Monitored Value for 7 Locations ...... 4-24 Figure 4-22: Ambient Noise Monitoring Location ...... 4-29 Figure 4-23: Block wise Categorization for Stage of Ground Water Development ...... 4-31 Figure 4-24: Block wise Categorization for Stage of Ground Water Development – Barnala ...... 4-32 Figure 4-25: Surface and Ground water Sampling Locations ...... 4-36 Figure 4-26: Forests Area In Punjab State ...... 4-42 Figure 4-27: Map Showing National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in Punjab ...... 4-43 Figure 6-1: The Corridor of Impact Approach ...... 5-9 Figure 6-5: Silt Fencing ...... 5-18 Figure 6-6: Oil interceptor ...... 5-18 Figure 6-7: Compound wall and trees as noise barrier ...... 5-28 Figure 6-1: Institutional Arrangement for Implementation of EMP ...... 6-12 Figure 1-1 Ludhiana Bathinda Greenfield Highway Alignment and Take-off Location ...... 7-1 Figure 10-1: Location Map of Proposed Ludhiana – Bathinda Green Field Highway ...... 10-5 Figure 10-2: 6 lane Divided Carriageway without Paved Shoulder ...... 10-11 Figure 10-3: Flood Prone Area of Punjab...... 10-16

LIST OF ANNEXURES ► Annexure Chapter-1 ► Annexure Chapter-2 ► Annexure Chapter-4 ► Annexure Chapter-5 ► Annexure Chapter-7 ► Annexure Chapter-9

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ABBREVIATIONS

AAQ : Ambient Air Quality NAAQMS : National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station MPN : Most Probable Number BGL : Below Ground Level MoEF&CC : Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ : Bill of Quantities NBWL : National Board for Wildlife CALINE : California Line Source Dispersion Model NH National Highway CCTV : Closed-circuit television NPV : Net Present Value CF : Conservator of Forest NOC : No-objection Certificate TOR : Terms of Reference EAC : Expert Appraisal Committee CGWB : Central Ground Water Board IMD : Indian Meteorological Department MSL : Mean Sea Level NOX : Oxides of Nitrogen CO : Carbon Monoxide ODR : Other District Roads COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand PAF : Project Affected Family CoI : Corridor of Impact PAH : Project Affected Household CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board PAP : Project Affected Person PD : Project Director DFO : Divisional Forest Officer

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PF : Protected Forest DO : Dissolved Oxygen PIU : Project Implementation Unit EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment PM : Particulate Matter EMP : Environmental Management Plan PPP : Public Private Partnership PUC : Pollution Under Control SEIAA : State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SEAC : State Environmental Appraisal Committee CSC : Construction Supervision Consultant MoRTH : Ministry of Road Transport and Highway FGD : Focus Group Discussions R&R : Resettlement and Rehabilitation GO : Government Order RAP : Resettlement Action Plan GoI : Government of India RF : Reserved Forest RHS : Right Hand Side GW : Ground Water ROW : Right of Way HC : Hydrocarbon SH : State Highways SO2 : Sulphur Dioxide IMD : Indian Meteorological Department SPCB : State Pollution Control Board IRC : Indian Roads Congress SW : Surface Water IS : Indian Standard TDS : Total Dissolved Solids Leq : Equivalent Continuous Noise Level

Page | viii 1. INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the project background and the objectives of the environmental and social study. It also discusses the methodology adopted and structure of the present report.

1.1. PROPONENT DESCRIPTION

National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament in 1988 under the administrative control of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways NHAI has been set up as a Central Authority to develop, maintain and manage the National Highways entrusted to it by the Government of India. The authority, however, became operational in February, 1995.

The NHAI is an autonomous agency of the Government of India and is responsible for management of the network of national highways across the country. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India. It was established with a vision to have a sustainable, efficient, safe and internationally comparable quality of road to enhanced connectivity, quick mobility to a level which accelerates socio-economic development of India.

The NHAI was established with a mission to develop: 1. To develop Highways (NHs)Network in the country of international standards for uninterrupted flow of traffic with enhanced safety features. 2. To upgrade connectivity for remote and isolated areas, including North-East Area, Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected areas including Tribal areas. 3. To evolving policies for efficient and safe transportation through the road retwork and facilitating their implementation. 4. To establish arrangements for review of road transport requirements keeping in view the long term perspective. 5. To evolve regulations for safer, fuel efficient and cleaner automobiles in alignment with international standards. 6. To improving road safety scenario in the country especially on National Highways. 7. To promoting IT for facilitating online services to the stakeholders 8. To strengthening public transport system.

With the above vision and mission, the NHAI has constructed 132,500 km of highway as on 31.03.2019.

1.2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Bharatmala Pariyojana is a new umbrella program for the highways sector that focuses on optimizing efficiency of freight and passenger movement across the country by bridging critical infrastructure gaps through effective interventions like development of Economic Corridors, Inter Corridors and Feeder Routes, National Corridor Efficiency Improvement, Border and International connectivity roads, Coastal and Port connectivity roads and Green-field expressways. A total of around 24,800 kms are being considered in Phase I. In addition, Phase I also includes 10,000 kms of balance road works under NHDP.

Estimated outlay for Phase I is Rs 5,35,000 crores spread over 5 years. The objective of the program is optimal resource allocation for a holistic highway development/improvement initiative.

Under Bharatmala Phase-I i.e over a period of five years i.e. 2017-18 to 2021-22; 24,800 km of road will be constructed incurring an expenditure of 385,000 crore and the balance road i.e 10,000 km with an expenditure of 1,50,000 Crore will be contracted under NHDP.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 1-1 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Under Bharatmala Phase-I, National Highway Authority of India through wide letter No. NAHI/AJ/EC/Amritsar – Bhatinda Greenfield/ 2020 dated 28th September 2020 has proposed to construct Green Field Highway of 345 Km across state of Punjab. Off the total 345 km green field highway, URS Scott Wilson India Pvt. Ltd in AECOM India Pvt. Ltd has been entrusted to carry out Detailed Project Report for 75.543 km long 6 lane Ludhiana – Bathinda passing through 3 districts i.e Ludhiana and Bathinda. The Salient Features of the proposed project is Table 1-1.

Table 1-1: Salient Feature of the Proposed Green Field Highway S.No Features Description 1. Name of Project Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE-5 near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana by M/s National Highways Authority of India (Total Length 75+543Km) -

2. Nature of Project 6-lane, Access-Controlled Greenfield Highway

3. Project location The proposed project passes through 3 district i.e Ludhiana through Tehsil - Ludhiana, Rajkot, Barnala through Tehsil – Barnala,, Tapa and Bathinda district through Tehsil - Rampura Phul. The proposed ROW is 70m and it traverses through revenue area of 36 Villages.

4. Reference Take of Point Zone End Point Zone Geographical Junction of Ludhiana Ring Road Bhaini Village (km 76+290) Coordinate (RR) & at Km 252 of NE-5 of Delhi-Katra Expressway (Km 00+000) 30°20'22.00"N 30°45'59.33"N 75°10'27.92"E 75°45'28.22"E

5. Topography and The alignment is passing through plain terrain. The predominant Landuse land use along the alignment is agricultural (95.27%) followed by built-up area (4.16%), Govt land (0.51%) and Forest/tree cover (0.06%). 6. Water Demand Construction Water Requirement of is 8,95,000 KL (1225 KLD) Operation Water Demand – 7.4 KLD 7. Land Requirement Total land requirement 508.99 Ha (505.712 Ha. Agricultural land) and (3.27 Ha. Protected Forest Land- along irrigation canal, railways line, roads, bunds etc) 8. Source of Water Tanker supply augmented with ground water and surface water after obtaining requisite approvals 9. Nearest Highways NH-71 crossing at 45+800, State Highway -13 crossing at km 13+500, 10. Nearest Railways Rampur Phul Railway Station - 9.2 km North

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 1-2 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

S.No Features Description Station 11. Nearest Airport Proposed Halwara Airport 2.5 km towards North 12. Protected Area No wildlife protected area i.e National Park/ Wildlife protected area/ Game reserve/ conservation reserve etc declared protected under the Wildlife (Protection), Act -1972 are reported within 10 km radius from proposed alignment.

1.3. PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed project is the development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starts at Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE 5 (at Ballowal village of Ludhiana West Tahsil) and ends at Amritsar- Bathinda Greenfield Highway (near Rampura Phul Tahsil) in the state of Punjab. Total length of Ludhiana- Bathinda Greenfield Highway is 75+543 Km. The proposed alignment is passing through 5 Tahsils (Ludhiana and Raikot Tahsils) of Ludhiana district, (Barnala and Tapa Tahsils) of Barnala district and (Rampura Phul Tahsil) of Bathinda district in the state of Punjab.

.

Start point at Km 0+ 000 at Ballowal Village End Point at Km 75+543 near Rampur Phul

The GPS co-ordinates in UTM of the Project road take-off point and end point are presented next:

Table 1-2: GPS Co-ordinates (in UTM) of Project Take-off & Terminal Point Take-Off Point Terminal Point Near Village Ballowal Km ( 00+000) Near Village Rampura Phul at Km 76+290 Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing Zone 516768.96 m E 3356411.51 m N 43R 572528.92 m E 3403976.65 m N 43 R

The location of the project road in toposheet is given in Figure 1-1

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 1-3 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Figure 1-1: Location Map of Proposed Ludhiana – Bathinda Green Field Highway

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 1-4 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & CLEARANCE PROCESS

As per the EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1 December 2009 and further notification made as on 22nd August, 2013. The proposed project falls under 7(f) and is category A project.

As per the EIA notification 2006, the highway project are divided into two categories as mention below:

Project or Activity Category with threshold Limit Conditions if any

A B

7 (f) Highways i) New National High ways; and i) All New State Highway General Condition Projects; shall apply

Note: Highways ii) Expansion of National High include ways greater than 100 km ii) State Highway expressways. involving additional right of expansion projects in hilly way or land acquisition greater terrain (above 1000 m than 40m on existing alignment AMSL) and or ecologically and 60 m on re-alignment or sensitive areas. bypasses

As per the above the proposed Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway is a New National Highways and attract the provision of Environmental Clearance. The project need to undertake Stage-1. Screening, Stage-2. Scoping, Stage-3 Public Consultation and Stage-4. Appraisal by the EAC, MoEF&CC, GoI.

The proposed project was uploaded on MoEF&CC online portal for Terms of Reference vide Proposal No. IA/PB/NCP/177976/2020 and File No 10-63/2020-IA.III. The ToR was issued by the MoEF&CC dated 20th November 2020. The issued ToR is attached as Annexure -I-I.

Project was recommended for Terms of Reference (ToR) during 246th Meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee. The present EIA report is based on project specific ToR as well as Standard ToR for Highway Projects. Point wise ToR compliance is discussed in Table 1-3.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 1-5 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Table 1-3: Compliance of the TOR approved by MoEFCC S.No TOR Point Compliance SPECIFIC CONDITION of TOR A buffer of 40 m from the edge of the ROW of Canal shall be maintained wherever the Yes , Complied. alignment is coming in proximity of the canal. Bathinda Branch Canal runs in proximity which is about 464.34 meters away from the green field highway. It is the nearest point from any parallel canal, except at the chainage where proposed alignment passes over canal to meet the green field design specification.

The number of canal crossings shall be reduced so as to avoid the forest land. The number of canal crossing has been reduced to minimum to avoid diversion of protected forest land declared along the existing irrigation network and roads. The proposed project will involve diversion of 3.28Ha of Protected forest land which is bare minimum.

The proponent, with the help of an independent institution/expert of national repute, There is no notified wetland located within 10 km radius of the shall carry out the impact of proposed alignment on avifauna, associated biodiversity proposed project. The nearest wetland is Mand Bharthala Wetland and wetland ecology including ecological productivity of the important which is 63. 61 Km towards East of Start Point. This wetland is listed under State Wetlands in Punjab. It stretches over an area of 0.61 Sq.km

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S.No TOR Point Compliance lakes/waterbodies situated within 10 km distance of proposed alignment and prepare The nearest Wetlands of International Importance is Harike Wetland a detailed Conservation Plan along with adequate mitigation measures. The plan shall which is 73.45 km towards North. be duly prepared in consultation with respective Forest/Wildlife Departments of the Governments of Punjab and J&K. The Nearest wetland of National Importance is Ranjit Sagar, which is manmade, riverine and Lacustrine wetland. It is 82.77 km North from proposed alignment. The location of wetlands earmarked on google image are shown in figure below.

The details of wetland distribution are discussed in Chapter 4, Table 4- 19. 1 The proponent, with the help of an independent institution/expert of national repute, The proponent has carried out comprehensive study with respect to shall carry out a comprehensive socio-economic assessment and also Impact on impact on Biodiversity engaging expert of national repute. The detailed Biodiversity with emphasis on impact of ongoing land acquisition on the local people biodiversity impact assessment report is attached as Appendix – I. living around the proposed alignment. The Social Impact Assessment should have social indicators which can reflect on impact of acquisition on fertile land. The Social The detailed comprehensive socio-economic assessment report with respect to land acquisition on the local people living around the Impact Assessment shall take into consideration of key parameters like people's proposed alignment, people’s dependency on fertile land, socio- dependency on fertile agricultural land, socio-economic spectrum, impact of the economic spectrum, impact of the project at local and regional levels project at local and regional levels. etc. are attached as Appendix – II.

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S.No TOR Point Compliance 2 The proponent, with the help of an independent institute/expert of national repute, The detailed traffic study to assess inflow of traffic from shall carry out a detailed traffic study to assess inflow of traffic from adjoining areas adjoining area are discussed in Chapter-2, Section – 2.4 table – like airport/urban cities. The detailed traffic planning studies shall include complete 2.14 design, drawings and traffic circulation plans (taking into consideration integration with Based on detailed traffic planning studies and for smoot traffic proposed alignment and other state roads etc.). Wherever required adequate circulation, we have proposed Major interaction at location connectivity in terms of VUP (vehicle underpass)/ PUP (Pedestrian underpass) needs to discussed in Chapter 2; section 2.3.3 (Major intersection), flyover be included. 2.3.4; Bridges and culverts – 2.3.5, VUP – section 2.3.6, VOP – 2.3.7, LVUP – 2.3.8, SVUP – 2.3.9, road side amenities – 2.3.10; Toll Plaza – 2.3.11; Way side amenities and service area – 2.3.12. 3 Road safety audit (along with accident/black spots analysis) by any third-party The road safety at all stage namely at detailed design stage, competent organization at all stages namely at detailed design stage, construction construction stage and pre-opening stage which needs to be stage and pre-opening stage to ensure that the project road has been constructed implemented as element of road safety has been discussed in considering all the elements of road safety. chapter -7, Section 7.4. The Road Safety Audit will be carried out in accordance to IRC: SP: 88 – 2019 (Manual on Road Safety Audit). All the safety parameters have been considered during the feasibility/ preliminary design stage, detailed design stage and for construction stage. Safety audit will also be carried out at Pre- opening stage. The details of road safety audit has been discussed in chapter 7, Sub Section - 7.5.2.15 (Road Safety Audit). 4 Cumulative impact assessment study to be carried out along the entire stretch Cumulative impact has been discussed in chapter-5. including the other packages in the same stretch. 5 Rain water harvesting structures to be constructed at the either sides of the road with Rain water harvesting has been proposed at every 0.5 km. The rain special precaution of oil filters and de-silting chambers. water harvesting structure will be provided with oil filters and de-silting chambers has been discussed in Chapter – 5, Section 5.4.14. The proposed design of rain water harvesting is attached as Annexure 5-1. 6 Provide compilation of road kill data on existing roads (national and state highways) in This project is green field highway. Where animals road kill is not the vicinity of the proposed project. Provide measures to avoid road kills of wildlife by anticipated. No wildlife area is reported within 10 km radius, the forest the way of road kill management plan. reported are patch of protected forest along irrigation canal, natural drain and railway lines. The animals reported are domesticated mammals. To prevent animals approaching the road for crossing provision of cattle underpass, VUP, SVUP, etc structures are being

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S.No TOR Point Compliance proposed. 7 The alignment of road should be such that the cutting of trees is kept at bare minimum The cutting of trees is kept at bare minimum and beyond the toe line all and for this the proponent shall obtain permission from the competent authorities.. the trees reported within the PROW will be retained under green belt. Prior to start of tree felling the proponent will obtain permission from the competing authority. Tree numeration is under process and application has been submitted to District Revenue Officer (DRO). The young trees will be replanted in the green belt. The technique for replantation has been discussed in chapter -5, section 5.4.15 8 A comprehensive plan for plantation of three rows of native species, as per IRC This highway has been proposed to be constructed as green highway, guidelines, shall be provided. Such plantation alongside of forest stretch will be over with well-planned green belt (two to three rows of plantation and above the compensatory afforestation. Tree species should be same as per the depending upon space available within the ROW. forest type. 5 meters wide median has been proposed, where tow rows of shrubs spaced at 1 meter a part will be planted. Under compensatory plantation Ten times the number of tree cuts will be planted to improve and increase the regional canopy cover area. The species of tree selected will be as per the climatic zone. A compensatory plan for plantation is discussed in Section 5.3 (impact during pre-construction activity). The proposed layout plan for green belt development is attached as Annexure 5-2, Chapter-5.

Roadside Plantation: IRC: SP: 21-1979 "Manual on Landscaping” shall guide the plantation of rows of trees with staggered pitch on either side of the road. The choice of the trees shall also be made as per the same code. Local, indigenous species shall be planted. Indicative arrangements for plantation of trees shall be in accordance with the MoST Technical Circular No. NHAI- 41(34)/69. A spacing of 10-15m c/c is recommended for spacing of trees parallel to the roads. Setback distance of trees needed in different situations shall be as per the IRC: SP: 21-2009 and the IRC: SP: 84-2014.

The avenue plantation programme will be promptly adopted to restore and further enrich the loss of vegetation, guideline for avenue plantation will be followed as per IRC: SP: 21:2009. Green Highways Highways (Plantation & Maintenance) Policy-2015.

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S.No TOR Point Compliance 9 As per the Ministry's Office Memorandum F. No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 30th This has been incorporated in the EIA report. September, 2020, the project proponent, based on the commitments made during the public hearing, shall include all the activities required to be taken to fulfill these commitments in the Environment Management Plan along with cost estimates of these activities, in addition to the activities proposed as per recommendations of EIA Studiesand the same shall be submitted to the ministry as part of the EIA Report. The EMP shall be implemented at the project cost or any other funding source available with the project proponent. 10 In pursuance of Ministry's OM No stated above the project proponent shall add one Will be done after public hearing and would be furnished after public annexure in the EIA Report indicating all the commitments made by the PP to the hearing. public during public hearing and submit it to the Ministry and the EAC. 11 The PP shall not use groundwater/surface water without obtaining approval from Before extraction of ground the Project proponent would taken ground CGWA/SGWA as the case may be. The project proponent shall apply to the Central water extraction permission for CGWB/ SGWB. Ground Water Authority (CGWA)/State Ground Water Authority (SGWA)/Competent Of usage of surface water the PP would take appropriate permission for Authority, as the case may be, for obtaining No Objection Certificate (NOC), for the irrigation department or concern department at the state level. withdrawal of ground water. 12 The Action Plan on the compliance of the recommendations of the CAG as per It would be included in the final EIA/EMP report once public hearing Ministry's Circular No. J-11013/71/2016-IA.1 (M), dated 25thOctober, 2017 needs to be are completed. The finding of the public hearing would be address submitted at the time of appraisal of the project and included in the EIA/EMP Report. complying with the CAG report. Secondly it is a green field highway, hence no EC has been obtained for the project earlier. Standard TOR 1 brief description of the project, project name, nature, size, its importance to the region/state The brief description of the project, nature, size, its important to the and the country. region/ state and the country is discussed in Chapter – 1, section 1.2 (project description) and 1.4 (Project location) and need of the project is discussed in chapter – 8. . 2 In case the project involves diversion of forests land, guidelines under OM dated 20.03.2013 The proposed project involve diversion of 3.28 Ha of Protected forest may be followed and necessary action taken accordingly. land. Online application has been filed with reference proposal number FP/PB/ROAD/118104/2020. 3 Details of any litigation(s) pending against the project and/or any directions or orders passed by Not applicable any court of law/any statutory authority against the project to be detailed out. 4 Submit detailed alignment plan, with details such as nature of terrain (plain, rolling, hilly), land The project is located in the plain of Punjab which has plain terrain. The use pattern, habitation, cropping pattern, forest area, environmentally sensitive places, land use patter is discussed in Chapter-4, section -4.3, Forest area –

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S.No TOR Point Compliance mangroves, notified industrial areas, sand dunes, sea, river, lake, details of villages, teshils, section 4.10 and Habitation details are discussed in section 4.11. districts and states, latitude and longitude for important locations falling on the alignment by employing remote sensing techniques followed by ground truthing and also through secondary data sources. 5 Describe various alternatives considered, procedures and criteria adopted for selection of the The details of various alternative considered are discussed in chapter - final alternative with reasons. 3, section 3.1, section 3.2, study of alternative section 3.3, alternative in technology section 3.4, environmental prospective section 3.5. 6 Submit Land use map of the study area to a scale of 1: 25,000 based on recent satellite imagery The detailed land-use map on recent satellite imagery delinating the delineating the crop lands (both single and double crop), agricultural plantations, fallow lands, crops lands, agriculture plantation, fallow land, waste lands, water waste lands, water bodies, built-up areas, forest area and other surface features such as railway bodies etc are highlighted in section 4.3. tracks, ports, airports, roads, and major industries etc. and submit a detailed ground surveyed map on 1:2000 scale showing the existing features falling within the right of way namely trees, structures including archeological & religious, monuments etc. if any. 7 If the proposed route is passing through any hilly area, examine and submit the stability of The proposed green field highway passes through plain. No hilly area is slopes, if the proposed road is to pass through cutting or embankment / control of soil erosion involved. Hence landslide, rock fall protection measures to be indicated. from embankment. Landslide, rock fall protection measures to be indicated. 8 If the proposed route involves tunneling, the details of the tunnel and locations of tunneling No tunnelling is anticipated in the proposed project. with geological structural fraction should be provided. In case the road passes through a flood plain of the river, the details of micro drainage, flood passages and information on high levels flood periodicity at least of last 50 years in the area should be examined. 9 If the project is passing through/located within the notified ecologically sensitive zone No wildlife area such as national park, wildlife sanctuary is located (ESZ) around a notified National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary or in the absence of notified within ten km radius. The nearest is Bir Aishwan Wildlife Sanctuary ESZ, within 10 km from the boundary of notified National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary, which is 58.00 km towards East. The details are discussed in Table the project proponent may simultaneously apply for the clearance for the standing 4.19 (Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park). committee of NBWL. The EC for such project would be subject to obtaining the clearance from the standing committee of NBWL. 10 Study regarding the Animal bypasses / underpasses etc. across the habitation areas shall be No cattle under pass have been provided. We have proposed LVUP and carried out. Adequate cattle passes for the movement of agriculture material shall be provided VUP which can be used as cattle underpasses. at the stretches passing through habitation areas. Study regarding in line with the recent guidelines prepared by Wildlife Institute of India for The proposed project passes through agricultural land. During primary linear infrastructure with strong emphasis on animal movement and identifying crossing areas consultation no passage or movement corridor for animals are and mitigation measures to avoid wildlife mortality. reported. For the free passage provision of VUP, SVUP, Culverts, etc are provided. There is one structure proposed at a distance less than 500 meters.

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S.No TOR Point Compliance 11 The information should be provided about the details of the trees to be cut including their About 2289 trees will be affected within the PROW, it would comprise species and whether it also involves any protected or endangered species. Measures taken to of 119 fruits bearing trees and 2170 non fruit bearing. Major number of reduce the number of the trees to be removed should be explained in detail. Submit the details these trees are in the protected forest area lying along the existing of compensatory plantation. Explore the possibilities of relocating the existing trees. Animal and road, irrigation canals and railway lines. wild life crossings to be provided As compensatory plantation we have proposed 10 times the tree in areas inhabited by wild life. plantation. Provision has been kept for young trees to be replanted in the proposed green belt along the highway. The proposed compensatory a plantation has been discussed in Chapter -5, Section 5.4.8. 12 Necessary green belt shall be provided on both sides of the highway with proper central verge The necessary green belt will be provided on both side of the highway and cost provision should be made for regular maintenance. with proper central verge complying with IRC SP Code as discussed below. Ten times the number of tree fell will be planted. The cost Estimate for tree Roadside Plantation: IRC: SP: 21-1979 "Manual on Landscaping” shall guide the plantation of rows of trees with staggered pitch on either side of the road. The choice of the trees shall also be made as per the same code. Local, indigenous species shall be planted. Indicative arrangements for plantation of trees shall be in accordance with the MoST Technical Circular No. NHAI- 41(34)/69. A spacing of 10-15m c/c is recommended for spacing of trees parallel to the roads. Setback distance of trees needed in different situations shall be as per the IRC: SP: 21-2009 and the IRC: SP: 84-2014.

The avenue plantation programme will be promptly adopted to restore and further enrich the loss of vegetation, guideline for avenue plantation will be followed as per IRC: SP: 21:2009. Green Highways Highways (Plantation & Maintenance) Policy-2015. 13 If the proposed route is passing through a city or town, with houses and human habitation on Based on the existing city or town and also considering the human the either side of the road, the necessity for provision of bypasses/diversions/under passes habitation necessary bypasses/ underpass has been proposed. The shall be examined and submitted. The proposal should also indicate the location of wayside details of underpasses proposed are discussed in Chapter -2, section amenities, which should include petrol station/service centre, rest areas including public 2.3.3 (Major intersection), 2.3.4- Bridges and culverts, Minor bridges to conveyance, etc. Noise reduction measures should also be indicated. be constructed and retained, construction of six lane minor bridge on main road, construction of 6 lane rail over bridge, VUP – section 2.3.5, interchange – 2.3.6 are included in the report

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S.No TOR Point Compliance 14 Submit details about measures taken for the pedestrian safety and construction of underpasses The details are discussed in chapter-2. and foot-over bridges along with flyovers and interchanges. If any. 15 Assess whether there is a possibility that the proposed project will adversely affect road traffic The proposed project is green filed 6- lane with paved shoulder in the surrounding areas (e.g. by causing increases in traffic congestion and traffic accidents). highways. It has been proposed to decease the traffic on the existing Specific care be also taken to ensure that by passes have a sufficient buffer to prevent roads. The widening of the existing roads are not possible due to ribbon unwanted obstructions defying the purpose of the by pass development on both side. Based on the structure survey and R&R conducted earlier, there exist school, colleges, gurdwaras, temples etc. in addition to these there are large number of commercial, shops and residential development. It would incur huge money to compensate for structure loss and huge agitation from the locals. It is expected that the proposed project would reduce the traffic load on existing roads during operation phase. During construction phase it is expected that vehicles carry construction material may result in traffic congestion. Planning would be such to avoid the peak hourly periods, school and office timing. 16 Examine and submit the details of use of fly ash in the road construction, if the project road is The details of fly ash are discussed in chapter-5; Section 2.5.4. located within the 100 km from the Thermal Power Plant. (As per latest rules the distance is 300km) 17 Examine and submit the details of sand quarry, borrow area and rehabilitation. The details of sand quarry and borrow area are discussed in Chapter-2, section 2.5.3 (borrow area) table – 2-10 (location of Borrow area), aggregate required section 2.5.5; table – 2.18 (source of aggregate), table 2-16 (sand quarry) etc. The quarry and borrow area management plan are attached as appendix 6-1, G-6 operation of borrow area and G- 7 (operation of quarry area). 18 Explore the possibilities of utilizing the debris/ waste materials available in and around the The construction and demolition waste, inert waste and other waste project area. which is generated by the project activity or in surrounding area would be utilise in road filling. 19 Submit the details on compliance with respect to Research Track Notification of MoRTH Complied 20 The details of sand quarry and borrow area as per OM No.2-30/2012-IA-III dated 18.12.2012 on Complied 'Rationalization of procedure for Environmental Clearance for Highway Projects involving borrow areas for soil and earth" as modified vide OM of even No. dated March 19, 2013, shall be examined and submitted. 21 Climate and meteorology (max and min temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, frequency of The climate and meteorology and the nearest IMD station from which tropical cyclone and snow fall); the nearest IMD meteorological station from which nearest data has been obtained has been discussed in Chapter-4,

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S.No TOR Point Compliance climatological data have been obtained to be indicated. section 4.4 (Climate and Meteorology). 22 The air quality monitoring shall be carried out as per the notification issued on 16th November, The air quality monitoring has been carried out as per the new 2009. Input data used for Noise and Air quality modelling shall be clearly delineated. notification issued on 16th November, 2009. The details of ambient air quality monitoring is discussed in section 4.5 (Ambient air Quality in study area). 23 Identify project activities during construction and operation phases, which will affect the noise The predicated impact on noise level is discussed in chapter 5, section – levels and the potential for increased noise resulting from this project. Discuss the effect of Air Environment – 5..4.13. Noise environment – 5.5.3. The identified noise levels on nearby habitation during the construction and operational phases of the impact and mitigation measures are discussed in the same section. The proposed highway. Identify noise reduction measures and traffic management strategies to be predicated noise level modelling is attached as Annexure 5-3. deployed for reducing the negative impact if any. Prediction of noise levels should be done by using mathematical modelling at different representative locations. 24 The impact during construction activities due to generation of fugitive dust from crusher units, The predicated impact on air quality due to various construction air emissions from hot mix plants and vehicles used for transportation of materials and activities and vehicular movement is discussed in chapter-5, annexure prediction of impact on ambient air quality using appropriate mathematical model, description 5-4. of model, input requirement and reference of derivation, distribution of major pollutants and presentation in tabular form for easy interpretation shall be carried out. 25 The details about the protection to existing habitations from dust, noise, odour etc. during The protect the nearby habitation, all the crusher units, hot mixed construction stage. plant, labours camps, storage area are proposed beyond 500 meters. to attenuate dust, noise and odour, mitigation measures has been proposed in Section – 5.5.2 (Air Environment), 5.5.3 (noise environment), fugitive dust 5.3 & 5.4.13. The proposed green field highway does not pass through any habitat. But IRC guidelines will be followed for traffic safety. 26 If the proposed route involves cutting of earth, the details of area to be cut, depth of cut, The proposed project will not involve cutting operation. The volume of locations, soil type, volume and quantity of earth and other materials to be removed with cut material generated are top soil, which would be stored. This location of disposal/dump site along with necessary permission. productive soil will be used in the landscape area. 27 If the proposed route is passing through low lying areas, details of fill materials and initial and The proposed project passes through plain agricultural land. Where final levels after filling above MSL, should be examined and submit. filling for embankment area is envisage. The volume of fill material is discussed in Chapter-5, section – 5.4.12. 28 The water bodies including the seasonal ones within the corridor of impacts along with their The proposed project does not passes over rivers. The only water body status, volumetric capacity, quality and likely impacts on them due to the project along with the reported along the proposed alignment are irrigation canals and natural mitigation measures shall be examined and submitted. streams. The provision of culverts and minor bridge has been proposed to maintain the flow and to mitigate the impact. The predicated impact has been discussed in Chapter-5, section -5.4.14.

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S.No TOR Point Compliance 29 Examine and submit details of water quantity required and source of water including water The details of water quantity required along with source are discussed requirement during the construction stage with supporting data and also categorization of in chapter-2, section – 2.5 (Natural Water). ground water based on the CGWB classification. The proposed district fall in over exploited block as per CGWB classification. The block wise stage of ground water development is discussed in chapter -4, section – 4.7 water environment. 30 The details of measures taken during constructions of bridges across river/canal/major or minor The construction of bridges across canal and minor drains has been drains keeping in view the flooding of the rivers and the life span of the existing bridges. proposed and design based on the hydrological study conducted for the Provision of speed breakers, safety signals, service lanes and foot paths should be examined at area. Past 100 years rainfall data and flooding records has been used in appropriate locations throughout the proposed road to avoid the accidents. fixing the heigh of the bridge.

The provision of safety signal has been made but no foot path has been proposed as it access control roads.

31 If there will be any change in the drainage pattern after the proposed activity, details of No change in drainage pattern is anticipated by the proposed project. changes shall be examined and submitted. Bridges and culverts provision has been kept at all identified location. The details are discussed in chapter -2, section 2.3.4. 32 Rain water harvesting pit should be at least 3 - 5 m. above the highest ground water table. The rain water pit has been proposed at every 500 meters along the Provision shall be made for oil and grease removal from surface runoff. proposed green field highway. As advised the rain water bits will be 3-5 meters above the water level. in the proposed project area the water table varies between 4.32 m to 31.22m. 33 If there is a possibility that the construction/widening of road will cause impact such as The construction of road will involve diversion of 3.278 Ha forest land destruction of forest, poaching, reductions in wetland areas, if so, examine the impact and the application of which has been filled. submit details. No wetland area has been identified near alignment and within 5km radius. Hence poaching and hunting of birds and wild mammals are not anticipated. 35 IRC guidelines shall be followed for widening & upgradation of road. Complied 36 Submit details of social impact assessment due to the proposed construction of road. The socio-economic condition of the project area has been evaluated and has been discussed in details. Which is attached as Appendix -I 37 Examine road design standards, safety equipment specifications and Management System The road safety issues has been discussed in chapter -7, section -7.5 training to ensure that design details take account of safety concerns and submit the traffic management plan. 39 If the proposed project involves any land reclamation, details to be provided for which activity No land reclamation is anticipated in the proposed project. land to reclaim and the area of land to be reclaimed. 40 Details of the properties, houses, businesses religious and social placesetc. activities likely to be The details are discussed in SIA report which is attached as Appendix -I

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S.No TOR Point Compliance effected by land acquisition and their financial loses annually. 41 Detailed R&R plan with data on the existing socio-economic status of the population in the The details are discussed in SIA report which is attached as Appendix -I study area and broad plan for resettlement of the displaced population, site for the resettlement colony, alternative livelihood concerns/employment and rehabilitation of the displaced people, civil and housing amenities being offered, etc and the schedule of the implementation of the project specific 43 Estimated cost of the project including environmental monitoring cost and funding agencies, The Environment Monitoring cost has been discussed in chapter – 9, whether governmental or on the basis of BOT etc and provide details of budget provisions table 9.5 EMP budgets. (capital & recurring)for the project specific R&R Plan. The R & R Budgets are discussed in SIA Report which is attached as Appendix -I. 44 Submit environmental management and monitoring plan for all phases of the project viz. The environmental management and monitoring plan for all phase of construction and operation. A copy of your corporate policy on environment management and the project is discussed in chapter -6, section – Table 6-1 (Performance sustainable development shall also be submitted. Indicators for the Project Monitoring), table 6-2(Environmental Monitoring Plan), Table 6-3 (list of monitoring location). Estimated cost of the project including that of environment management plan (both capital and The Environment Monitoring cost has been discussed in chapter – 9, recurring) and source of funding. Also, the mode of execution of the project, viz, EPC, BOT, etc, table 9.5 EMP budgets shall be submitted A copy of your CSR policy and plan for meeting the expenditure to address the issues raised No environmental issues are raised by the locals during public hearing. during Public Hearing, shall be submitted. The minutes of the public hearing are attached as Annexure 7-1A, IB & 1C. 45 Details of blasting if any, methodology/technique adopted, applicable regulations/ permissions, No blasting is envisage in the proposed project. timing of blasting, mitigation measures proposed, keeping in view mating season of wild life. 46 In case of river/ creek crossing, details of the proposed bridges connecting on either banks, The details of the bridges design proposed are attached as annexure to the design and traffic circulation at this junction with simulation studies. Chapter-2, Annexure 2-2. Details to ensure free flow of water in case the alignment passes through water Structure like minor bridges and culverts has been proposed at all the bodies/river/streams etc. location where water bodies are reported. The details of structure proposed are discussed in chapter-2, section – 2.3.5, table – 2-6. For culverts the details are attached as annexure 2-3. 48 In case of bye passes, the details of access control from the nearby habitation/ habitation which This is green field highway project, where no bypass has been may come up after the establishment of road. proposed. 49 Bridge design in eco sensitive area / mountains be examined keeping in view the rock All the bridge are design based on geotechnical investigation done classification hydrology etc. during the DPR study. 50 Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any No litigation pending in any court of law. Court of Law against the Project should be given.

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S.No TOR Point Compliance 51 The cost of the Project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards The cost of project as well as the cost towards implementation of EMP implementation of EMP should be clearly spelt out. has been discussed in Chapter -9, section – 9.6 EMP Budget. 52 In case of alignment passing through coastal zones Not Applicable a) HTL/LTL map prepared by authorized agencies superimposed with alignment and recommendation of Coastal Zone Management Authority b) Details of CRZ-I (I) areas, mangroves required to be removed for the project along with the compensatory afforestation, area and location with budget c) Details of road on stilt in CRZ-I areas, design details to ensure free tidal flowd) Details of Labour camps, machinery location, 53 Any further clarification on carrying out the above studies including anticipated impacts due to the project and mitigative measure, project proponent can refer to the model ToR available on Ministry website "http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Highways".

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1.5. METHODOLGY ADOPTED FOR EIA STUDY

The EIA study has been undertaken based on EIA Notification 2006 (amended thereof), ToR accorded for the project and Environmental Impact Assessment Guidance Manual for Highways prepared by Administrative Staff College of India, February 2010. The methodology adopted for the assessment of environment for the project is discussed in sections below:

1.5.1. Reconnaissance Survey

A reconnaissance survey was conducted for whole of the proposed green field highways considering all the Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) falling within the Proposed Right of Ways. Locations and distribution of Environmentally/ Ecologically protected areas (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Reserved / Protected Forest, Important Bird Areas, World heritage Sites, Ecologically Sensitive area, Archaeological Monuments etc.); surface water bodies; environmentally sensitive receptors (educational institutions, religious structures, medical facilities etc.) along the green field alignment have been identified during the survey. The Consultant conducted preliminary analysis of the nature, scale and magnitude of the impacts that the project is likely to cause on the environment, especially on the identified VECs

1.5.2. Applicability of Environmental Regulations

The applicability of various Environmental Laws/ Regulations and guidelines were reviewed for the project and its allied activities. Analysis with respect to Govt. of India guidelines and regulatory environment framework attracted by the proposed Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway is presented in the Table 1-4

Table 1-4:Regulatory Clearance and it’s applicability

S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency 1. The Environmental Umbrella Act to Yes All environmental MoEF&CC, (Protection) Act. 1986, and protect the Act/Rule are SEAC/SEIAA the Environmental environment government by this CPCB and (Protection) Rules, 1987- act SPCB 2002 (various amendments) 2. 14th September EIA The proposed project Yes New Highways MoEF&CC notification 2006 and it’s falls under 7(f) project attract the further amendments highways – All new provision of Highway Project Environmental Clearance 3. S.O. 141(E) [15-01-2016]: Opening of New Yes Prior MoEF&CC Amendment in EIA Borrow Area Environmental for area notification 2006 with Clearance to be more than respect to mining of minor taken by 50 Ha. minerals including sand Contractor if mining and others opening of new SEIAA/SEAC borrow area – more than 5 Ha

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 1-18 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency DEAC/DEIAA :0-5 Ha of land 4. Opening of new Yes Prior MoEF&CC Quarry Area Environmental for area (including Clearance to be more than excavation of River taken by 50 Ha. bed) Contractor if need of mining activity SEIAA/SEAC – more than 5 Ha

DEAC/DEIAA :0-5 Ha of land 5. NGT Order ORIGINAL Construction of No No bridge are SEIAA/ SEAC APPLICATION NO. 137 OF standalone bridge proposed whose 2014; Pronounced on 12th with proposed built- built-up area February, 2015. up area more than equals or more Consideration of standalone and equal to than 1,50,000 sq.m bridges under 8(b) area 1,50,000 sq.m development project to the Schedule to 14th September 2006 EIA notificaton 6. Notification for use of Fly “No agency, person Yes Guru Hargobin MoEF&CC / ash, 3rd November 2009 and or organization shall, Thermal Power SPCB its amendment on 25th within a radius of Plant – 8.5 km January 2016 300 Kilometres of a thermal power plant Guru Nanak Dev undertake Thremal Power construction or plant Bathinda – approve design for 25.9 km (aerial) construction of distance. roads or flyover embankments with top soils; the guidelines or specifications issued by the Indian Road Congress (IRC) as contained in IRC specification No. SP:

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S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency 58 of 2001. The concerned agency or organization or production certificate of "fly ash not available” from the Thermal Power Plant(s) 7. The Air (Prevention and To control emission Yes CtE required for PSPCB Control of Pollution) Act, from operation of establishing and 1981 machinery and CtO is required to vehicles operation crushers, hot mix and batching plants etc. 8. The Water (Prevention and The water quality Yes CtE & CtO required Punjab State Control of Pollution) Act, and effluent for not polluting Pollution 1974 standards, monitor ground and surface Control water quality, water during Board prosecute offenders, construction (PSPCB) and issue licenses for construction / operation of certain facilities. 9. Noise Pollution (Regulation Standards for noise Yes Construction PSPCB And Control) Act, 1990, 2010 emission for various machineries and and its subsequent land uses vehicles to amendments. conform to the standards for construction 10. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, Protection of wildlife No No wildlife NBWL/ 1972 and amended thereof, protected area protected area are SBWl located within 10 km radius 11. Forest (Conservation) Act, Approval for Yes 9 Ha of Protected Regional 1980 its subsequent diversion of forest forest declared office, amendments area affected by protected under Chandigarh proposed project PAPL -1900 need to be diverted for road construction

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S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency 12. Ancient Monuments and To protect and No No ASI structure Archaeologi Archaeological sites & conserve cultural located within 100 cal Survey Remains Act 1958 and and historical meter (restricted of India, amended thereof, remains found zone) and 200 State Dept. meters (regulated of zone) from PROW. Archaeology 13. The Motor Vehicle Act. 1988 Empowers State Yes All vehicles used State Motor its subsequent amendments Transport Authority for construction Vehicles to enforce standards will need to Department for vehicular comply with the pollution. From provisions of this August 1997 the act "Pollution Under Control Certificate” is issued to reduce vehicular emissions 14. The Explosives Act (& Rules) Sets out the No Use of blasting Chief 1884 (1983) its subsequent regulations as to materials if Controller amendments. regards the use of required for new of explosives and quarrying Explosives precautionary operation and measures while storing of Diesel / blasting & quarrying Petrol in the camp site, to be obtained by the Contractor / Concessionaire 15. Hazardous and Other Wastes Protection against Yes Storage and use of Punjab State (Management, & Trans- improper handling bitumen and Pollution boundary Movement) Rules, and disposal of storage of waste Control 2016 and amended thereof hazardous wastes oil Board (PSPCB 16. Construction and Demolition Safe disposal of Yes Construction waste Punjab State Waste Management Rules, construction waste shall be generated Pollution 2016 and Solid Waste and municipal solid due to the Control Management Rules 2016 waste demolition of Board existing structures (PSPCB & construction camps.

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S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency 17. Mines & Minerals (Regulation Permission of Yes Mining of sand, State & Development) Act, 1957 & Mining of soil or aggregates Mining amended thereof, aggregates and sand shall require Department from river bed & permission from aggregates mining dept. 18. The Building & Other Employing Labour / Yes Employment of District Construction Workers workers labours. Provision labour (Regulation of Employment & of Labor License Commission Conditions of Service) BOCW er Act, 1996

1.5.3. Study of Alternative

The study of alternative considering three alternative options with emphasis considering with and without project scenarios. The assessment of alternatives included land acquisition, minimize impact on productive land, minimum structure effected, tree felling, ecological habitat fragmentation, forest area effected including exploring green technology and including climate resilience for Pavement, cross-sections, etc.), sources of materials from an environmental management perspective, selection of alignment, etc.

1.5.4. Environmental profile at the local and regional level

During the process of data location all the secondary data will be collected from authentic source like IMD for wind speed and rainfall, Survey of India Topo Sheets for distribution of habitation, District Planning Maps, Forest Working Plans, Central Ground Water Board district broacher for hydrology and ground water recharge, details of Archaeological Monuments for ASI website, distribution of wildlife habitat and protected area, etc. have been collected from various secondary sources. Further, secondary data, which are relevant to understand the baseline as pertaining to physical and biological environments has been collected and reviewed.

Data for environmental issues which include physical, chemical, biological and social -economic, are collected from field survey (primary data) and from published source like census of India, state statical data, publication etc. as secondary source were collected to validate the primary data. The source from where primary and secondary data are collected are given in table Table 1-5

Ambient air & noise, ground and surface water samples were monitored at various locations complying with the CPCB guidelines and as per the EIA Guideline manual and direction given in the ToR issued by the MoEF&CC. The monitoring and analysis for each component were carried out as per MoEF&CC and CPCB guidelines during the study period from Oct to Dec, 2020. The one month data from already ongoing road project in the proposed project area has been considered.

All the existing sensitive receptors included the information for distribution of educational institutes, hospitals, cultural & religious properties, community properties, water bodies, major pollution generating sources, ecological components etc.

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Table 1-5: Primary and Secondary Data Collection Source

Feature Source of Information

Features like Community structures, water Bodies, Detailed survey along PROW, Google Earth, environmentally sensitive locations areas, congested Bhuvan, ArC Gis, Survey of India Maps (SOI), locations etc. Primary Transect Walk

Climatic Condition & Meteorological data Indian Meteorological Department, Rain fall data from agricultural department, Hydrometric department, Central Water commission, CGWA district brouchers, etc

Topography, Geology, Seismicity and Soil Districts Groundwater Brochure of CGWB, Seismicity data available of National Disaster Management Authority Website and Primary survey & Investigation

Land Use / Land Cover Survey of India Toposheet, Google image, LiSS – III & IV, ArC GiS software etc

Drainage Pattern Survey of India Toposheet, drainage map prepared using LISS-III &LISS -IV data, ArC Gis software, surface hydrology report (primary data)

Identification of Forest Area, Protected area, Use of forest data i.e forest working plan at district regional and local ecology, level, forest area -State forest Report at district level, Protected area form notified protected area for state as MoEf&CC website for notified Eco-Sensitive Zone and Eco- Sensitive Area

Ambient Air quality, Noise, Soil and Water Onsite monitoring and Analysis of Field samples, SPCB & CPCB published data

Borrow Areas, Quarries and other construction Material Surveys material source

River geo-morphology, hydrology, drainage, flood Water resource Dept., Districts Groundwater patterns Brochure of CGWB, outcome of the consultation and field observations

Socioeconomic Environment Census of India 2001 & 2011 and Public Consultation during the Field survey

1.5.5. Impact Assessment

Assessment of potential impacts has been carried out based on the project design and baseline environment data as collected from primary and secondary sources. Assessment of the environmental impacts was carried out to ascertain the direct and indirect impacts likely to be induced due to proposed development.

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The general impacts are land acquisition, forest area diversion & allied impacts on society, dust & air pollution due to removal of structures, trees & vegetation and other construction activities; noise pollution due to construction activities, loss of flora and its impacts on the ecology and impacts on water resources. For each impact predicted, feasible and cost-effective mitigation measures have been suggested to reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels.

1.5.6. Public Consultation

Consultations on environmental issues with community members, forest department, wildlife dapertment, pollution control boards, stakeholder at district and state level , etc.

Social consultation with Project Affected Persons in the form of Focused Group Discussions, Stakeholder meetings, etc. were carried out. Consultation process were involved both formal and non-formal discussion. The feedback generated through these meetings has been incorporated as far as possible in the design and construction of the highway. The consultation process shall continue even during the implementation stage to gauge the general opinion. The details are elaborated in Chapter 7 in Additional Studies.

1.5.7. Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan

All affirmative action’s not only to avoid and deter but also to capitalize on the opportunities provided by the project in order to improve the environmental conditions have been deliberated. The various mitigation and enhancement measures proposed have been included in the report. Based on their applicability, both general and case specific measures were incorporated as follows:

Generic measures: To avoid or mitigate impacts on environmental components, general mitigation measures were identified based on the characteristic features.

Site Specific: At representative sensitive locations, site-specific mitigation measures and enhancement designs have been formulated.

The EMP action plan has been prepared to detail out the implementation plan of the proposed mitigation and enhancement measures. Monitoring indicators have been identified to have a continuous check on impacts associated with project activities.

1.6. STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT:

The EIA report including the first chapter (Introduction) has been structured as following :

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION:

This chapter contains the general information on highway projects, environmental clearance process, and identification of the project proponent

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

This chapter covers the description of the project, such as, the type of project, project location, highway alignment, utilities, implementation schedule and the estimated cost of the project.

CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE

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This chapter underlines/ highlight the need for consideration of alternative in selection of alignment, alternative solutions, technology proposed to minimize the environmental impact on spatial requirement, Natural resource, human resource, waste production and summery of adverse and positive impact on each alternative.

CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

This chapter gives an idea about the existing Environmental Scenario – Meteorological, Land-use, Geology, Water resource, edaphic factor, Bio Diversity, cultural properties, social, etc along the PROW and within 10 km radius. It provides a comprehensive picture of the existing environment along the proposed project corridor and its area of influence. It also highlight Socio Economic condition.

CHAPTER 5: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES:

This chapter covers the anticipated impact on the environment and mitigation measures. The method of assessment of impact including studies carried out, modeling techniques adopted to assess the impact where pertinent shall be elaborated in this chapter. It gives the details of the impact on the baseline parameters, both during the construction and operational phases and mitigation measures to be implemented by the proponent.

CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM:

This chapter covers the planned Environmental Monitoring Program. It should include the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures. It deals with environmental monitoring covering locations selected, frequency, methodology adopted, compliance monitoring, etc.

CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDY

THIS Chapter also contains the brief of additional studies suggested by MoEF&CC during ToR appraisal meeting. It also include Natural Resource Conservation and Optimization, R&R Action Plan, Road Safety Management Plan.

CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS

This chapter deals with the benefit to the local community and environment due to improvement in physical infrastructure and access, safe transport mode, reduction in pollution etc.

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN:

This chapter comprehensively presents the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which includes the administrative and technical setup, summary matrix of EMP, the cost involved to implement the EMP, both during the construction and operational Phases.

CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS:

This chapter forms the summary of the full EIA report condensed to a maximum of ten A-4 size pages. It should provide the overall justification for implementation of the project and should explain how the adverse effects are proposed to be mitigated.

CHAPTER 11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

This chapter includes the names of the consultants engaged along with a brief resume and nature of consultancy rendered.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 1-25 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. PROJECT LOCATION

Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi- Katra Expressway of NE-5 near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana by M/s National Highways Authority of India (Total Length 75+543 Km)

2.2. WIDTH OF EXISTING CARRIAGEWAY

2.2.1. Existing Carriageway

The proposed alignment if green field highways, hence no existing ROW

2.2.2. Proposed Right of Way

The proposed Right of Way is 60 meters uniform throughout the length except at interchange, viaduct and toll plaza which varies between 60 meters to 250meters.

2.3. PROJECT IMPROVEMENTS

2.3.1. Typical Cross Section

For 6 lanes Green Field Highway Different Cross-section has been developed on the basis of IRC- 99-2013. 2x10.5m carriageway having each lane width of 3.75 m. The Earthern shoulder width of 3m on both sides and 5 m wide central median has been provided.

The Expressway shall be constructed to 6 lane access-controlled configuration and with or without connecting Roads. Typical cross sections for different segments of the project expressway are given in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1: Typical cross sections for different segments of the project expressway Chainage (Km) S.No Length (m) TCS From To 1. 0+460 0+740 280 TCS-1 2. 0+740 0+800 60 TCS 2 3. 0+800 0+807 7 TCS 3 4. 0+807 1+570 763 TCS 1 5. 1+570 1+577 7 TCS 3 6. 1+577 1+926 349 TCS 1 7. 1+926 1+933 7 TCS 3 8. 1+933 2+340 407 TCS 1 9. 2+340 2+400 60 TCS 2 10. 2+400 2+407 7 TCS 3 11. 2+407 2+520 113 TCS 2 12. 2+520 2+816 296 TCS 1 13. 2+816 2+823 7 TCS 3 14. 2+823 3+620 797 TCS 1 15. 3+620 3+645 25 TCS 2 16. 3+645 3+657 12 TCS 3

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17. 3+657 3+760 103 TCS 2 18. 3+760 4+207 447 TCS 1 19. 4+207 4+214 7 TCS 3 20. 4+214 5+070 856 TCS 1 21. 5+070 5+170 100 TCS 1A 22. 5+170 5+460 290 TCS 4A 23. 5+460 5+550 90 TCS 5A 24. 5+550 5+875 325 TCS 4A 25. 5+875 5+882 7 TCS 3 26. 5+882 6+000 118 TCS 4A 27. 6+000 6+150 150 TCS 1A 28. 6+150 6+365 215 TCS1 29. 6+365 6+372 7 TCS 3 30. 6+372 7+440 1068 TCS 1 31. 7+440 7+696 111 TCS 2 32. 7+696 7+703 7 TCS 3 33. 7+703 7+820 117 TCS 2 34. 7+720 8+576 856 TCS 1 35. 8+576 8+588 12 TCS 3 36. 8+588 9+640 1052 TCS 1 37. 9+640 9+690 50 TCS 2 38. 9+690 9+697 7 TCS 3 39. 9+697 9+920 223 TCS1 40. 9+920 10+038 118 TCS 2 41. 10+038 10+045 7 TCS 3 42. 10+045 10+100 55 TCS 2 43. 10+100 10+425 325 TCS 1 44. 10+425 10+437 12 TCS 3 45. 10+437 11+360 923 TCS 1 46. 11+360 11+367 7 TCS 3 47. 11+367 11+492 125 TCS 1 48. 11+492 11+504 12 TCS 3 49. 11+504 12+970 1446 TCS 1 50. 12+970 12+982 12 TCS 3 51. 12+982 13+356 374 TCS 1 52. 13+356 13+365 7 TCS 3 53. 13+365 13+475 112 TCS1 54. 13+475 14+625 1150 TCS 1 55. 14+625 14+750 125 TCS 1 56. 14+750 14+762 12 TCS 3 57. 14+762 14+900 138 TCS 1 58. 14+900 15+770 870 TCS 1 59. 15+770 15+905 135 TCS 1 60. 15+905 15+912 7 TCS 3 61. 15+912 16+050 138 TCS 1 62. 16+050 16+340 290 TCS 1 63. 16+340 16+462 122 TCS 2 64. 16+462 16+469 7 TCS 3 65. 16+469 16+580 111 TCS 1 66. 16+580 17+680 1100 TCS 1 67. 17+680 17+834 154 TCS 1 68. 17+834 17+850 16 TCS 3 69. 17+850 18+894 1044 TCS 1 70. 18+894 18+901 7 TCS 3

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71. 18+901 19+292 391 TCS 1 72. 19+292 19+299 7 TCS 3 73. 19+299 19+400 101 TCS 2 74. 19+400 19+550 150 TCS 2 75. 19+550 19+562 12 TCS 3 76. 19+562 19+736 174 TCS 2 77. 19+736 19+748 12 TCS 3 78. 19+748 20+400 652 TCS 1 79. 20+400 20+470 70 TCS 1A 80. 20+470 20+786 316 TCS 4A 81. 20+786 20+846 60 TCS 5A 82. 20+846 21+075 229 TCS 4A 83. 21+075 21+300 225 TCS 1A 84. 21+300 21+370 70 TCS 1 85. 21+370 21+515 145 TCS 2 86. 21+515 21+522 7 TCS 3 87. 21+522 21+720 198 TCS 2 88. 21+720 23+647 1967 TCS 1 89. 23+647 23+654 7 TCS 3 90. 23+654 24+447 793 TCS 1 91. 24+447 24+459 12 TCS 3 92. 24+459 24+482 23 TCS 1 93. 24+482 24+494 12 TCS 3 94. 24+494 25+715 1221 TCS 1 95. 25+715 25+835 120 TCS 2 96. 25+835 25+847 12 TCS 3 97. 25+847 25+980 133 TCS 2 98. 25+980 26+622 642 TCS 1 99. 26+622 26+629 7 TCS 3 100. 26+629 28+380 1751 TCS 1 101. 28+380 28+521 141 TCS 2 102. 28+521 28+528 7 TCS 3 103. 28+528 28+600 72 TCS 4C 104. 28+600 28+645 45 TCS 4D 105. 28+645 28+700 25 TCS 4D 106. 28+755 29+385 630 TCS 1 107. 29+385 29+588 203 TCS 4B 108. 29+588 29+648 60 TCS 5B 109. 29+648 29+969 321 TCS 4B 110. 29+969 29+976 7 TCS 3 111. 29+976 30+165 189 TCS 4B 112. 30+165 30+032 135 TCS 1 113. 30+032 30+039 7 TCS 3 114. 30+039 30+300 261 TCS 1 115. 30+300 30+900 600 TCS 1 116. 30+900 31+021 121 TCS 2 117. 31+021 31+028 7 TCS 3 118. 31+028 31+160 132 TCS 2 119. 31+160 31+545 385 TCS 1 120. 31+545 31+678 133 TCS 2 121. 31+678 31+685 7 TCS 3 122. 31+685 31+800 115 TCS 2 123. 31+800 32+100 300 TCS 1 124. 32+100 32+208 108 TCS 2 125. 32+208 32+220 12 TCS 3

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126. 32+220 32+350 130 TCS 2 127. 32+350 32+545 195 TCS 1 128. 32+545 32+656 111 TCS 2 129. 32+656 32+668 12 TCS 3 130. 32+668 32+780 112 TCS 2 131. 32+780 33+475 695 TCS 1 132. 33+475 33+617 142 TCS 2 133. 33+617 33+624 7 TCS 3 134. 33+624 33+736 112 TCS 2 135. 33+736 34+800 1064 TCS 1 136. 34+800 34+911 111 TCS 2 137. 34+911 34+918 7 TCS 3 138. 34+918 35+060 142 TCS 2 139. 35+060 35+290 230 TCS 1 140. 35+290 35+393 103 TCS 2 141. 35+393 35+400 7 TCS 3 142. 35+400 35+693 293 TCS 2 143. 35+693 35+705 12 TCS 3 144. 35+705 35+815 110 TCS 2 145. 35+815 36+730 915 TCS 1 146. 36+730 36+870 140 TCS 2 147. 36+870 36+877 7 TCS 3 148. 36+877 37+000 123 TCS 2 149. 37+000 37+120 120 TCS 1 150. 37+120 37+226 106 TCS 2 151. 37+226 37+233 7 TCS 3 152. 37+233 37+345 112 TCS 2 153. 37+345 37+900 555 TCS 1 154. 37+900 38+027 127 TCS 2 155. 38+027 38+034 7 TCS 3 156. 38+034 38+170 136 TCS 2 157. 38+170 39+390 1220 TCS 1 158. 39+390 39+500 110 TCS 2 159. 39+500 39+512 12 TCS 3 160. 39+512 39+625 113 TCS 2 161. 39+625 39+900 275 TCS 1 162. 39+900 40+022 122 TCS 2 163. 40+022 40+062 40 TCS 5B 164. 40+062 40+080 18 TCS 2 165. 40+080 40+087 7 TCS 3 166. 40+087 40+200 113 TCS 2 167. 40+200 40+900 700 TCS 1 168. 40+900 41+017 117 TCS 2 169. 41+017 41+029 12 TCS 3 170. 41+029 41+145 116 TCS 2 171. 41+145 41+365 220 TCS 1 172. 41+365 41+475 110 TCS 2 173. 41+475 41+482 7 TCS 3 174. 41+482 41+600 118 TCS 2 175. 41+600 43+600 2000 TCS 1 176. 43+600 43+775 175 TCS 2 177. 43+775 43+782 7 TCS 3 178. 43+782 43+910 128 TCS 2 179. 43+910 44+100 190 TCS 1 180. 44+100 44+270 170 TCS 2 181. 44+270 44+277 7 TCS 3

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182. 44+277 44+460 183 TCS 2 183. 44+460 45+000 540 TCS 1 184. 45+000 45+166 166 TCS 2 185. 45+166 45+173 7 TCS 3 186. 45+173 45+289 116 TCS 2 187. 45+289 45+301 12 TCS 3 188. 45+301 45+411 111 TCS 2 189. 45+411 46+440 1029 TCS 1 190. 46+440 46+605 165 TCS 2 191. 46+605 46+617 12 TCS 3 192. 46+617 46+780 163 TCS 2 193. 46+780 47+400 620 TCS 1 194. 47+400 47+610 210 TCS 2 195. 47+610 47+617 7 TCS 3 196. 47+617 47+900 283 TCS 2 197. 47+900 48+450 550 TCS 1 198. 48+450 48+564 114 TCS 2 199. 48+564 48+576 12 TCS 3 200. 48+576 48+720 144 TCS 2 201. 48+720 48+900 180 TCS 1 202. 48+900 49+023 123 TCS 2 203. 49+023 49+035 12 TCS 3 204. 49+035 49+165 130 TCS 2 205. 49+165 130 TCS 2 206. 49+990 825 TCS 1 207. 50+103 113 TCS 2 208. 50+110 7 TCS 3 209. 50+220 110 TCS 2 210. 50+700 480 TCS 1 211. 50+820 120 TCS 2 212. 50+832 12 TCS 3 213. 51+070 238 TCS 2 214. 51+077 7 TCS 3 215. 51+200 123 TCS 2 216. 51+550 350 TCS 1 217. 51+690 140 TCS 2 218. 51+697 7 TCS 3 219. 51+815 118 TCS 2 220. 52+000 185 TCS 1A 221. 52+210 210 TCS 4A 222. 52+270 60 TCS 5A 223. 52+270 52+475 205 TCS 4A 224. 52+475 52+700 225 TCS 1A 225. 52+700 53+118 418 TCS 1 226. 53+118 53+228 110 TCS 2 227. 53+228 53+240 12 TCS 3 228. 53+240 53+503 263 TCS 2 229. 53+503 53+510 7 TCS 3 230. 53+510 53+730 220 TCS 2 231. 53+730 54+340 610 TCS 1 232. 54+340 54+460 120 TCS 2 233. 54+460 54+467 7 TCS 3 234. 54+467 54+585 118 TCS 2 235. 54+585 55+450 865 TCS 1 236. 55+450 55+568 118 TCS 2 237. 55+568 55+580 12 TCS 3

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238. 55+580 55+700 120 TCS 2 239. 55+700 56+300 600 TCS 1 240. 56+300 56+408 108 TCS 2 241. 56+408 56+415 7 TCS 3 242. 56+415 56+538 123 TCS 2 243. 56+538 58+415 1877 TCS 1 244. 58+415 58+534 119 TCS 2 245. 58+534 58+546 12 TCS 3 246. 58+546 58+665 119 TCS 2 247. 58+665 60+295 1630 TCS 1 248. 60+295 60+405 110 TCS 2 249. 60+405 60+417 12 TCS 3 250. 60+417 60+525 108 TCS 2 251. 60+525 61+500 975 TCS 1 252. 61+500 61+716 216 TCS 4B 253. 61+716 61+746 30 TCS 5B 254. 61+746 62+118 372 TCS 4B 255. 62+118 62+148 30 TCS 5B 256. 62+148 62+400 252 TCS 4B 257. 62+400 62+985 585 TCS 1 258. 62+985 63+094 109 TCS 2 259. 63+094 63+106 12 TCS 3 260. 63+106 63+215 109 TCS 2 261. 63+215 63+845 630 TCS 1 262. 63+845 63+960 115 TCS 2 263. 63+960 63+967 7 TCS 3 264. 63+967 64+085 118 TCS 2 265. 64+085 64+480 395 TCS 1 266. 64+480 64+600 120 TCS 2 267. 64+600 64+607 7 TCS 3 268. 64+607 64+905 298 TCS 2 269. 64+905 64+917 12 TCS 3 270. 64+917 65+090 173 TCS 2 271. 65+090 65+590 500 TCS 1 272. 65+590 65+721 131 TCS 2 273. 65+721 65+728 7 TCS 3 274. 65+728 65+900 172 TCS 2 275. 65+900 66+100 200 TCS 1 276. 66+100 66+523 423 TCS 4B 277. 66+523 66+543 20 TCS 5B 278. 66+543 66+810 267 TCS 4B 279. 66+810 67+033 223 TCS 1 280. 67+033 67+045 12 TCS 3 281. 67+045 67+160 115 TCS 1 282. 67+160 67+470 310 TCS 1 283. 67+470 67+597 127 TCS 2 284. 67+597 67+607 10 TCS 3 285. 67+607 67+715 108 TCS 2 286. 67+715 69+515 1800 TCS 1 287. 69+515 69+636 121 TCS 2 288. 69+636 69+643 7 TCS 3 289. 69+643 69+765 122 TCS 2 290. 69+765 70+660 895 TCS 1 291. 70+660 70+780 120 TCS 2 292. 70+780 70+792 12 TCS 3 293. 70+792 70+915 123 TCS 2

CANADA | INDIA | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Page | 2-6

294. 70+915 71+300 385 TCS 1 295. 71+300 71+485 185 TCS 2 296. 71+485 71+497 12 TCS 3 297. 71+497 71+700 203 TCS 2 298. 71+700 72+430 730 TCS 1 299. 72+430 72+560 130 TCS 2 300. 72+560 72+567 7 TCS 3 301. 72+567 72+700 133 TCS 2 302. 72+700 73+785 1085 TCS 1 303. 73+785 73+895 110 TCS 2 304. 73+895 73+907 12 TCS 3 305. 73+907 74+020 113 TCS 2 306. 74+020 74+510 490 TCS 1 307. 74+510 74+620 110 TCS 2 308. 74+620 74+632 12 TCS 3 309. 74+632 74+745 113 TCS 2 310. 74+745 75+543 798 TCS 1

Typical cross section of the proposed project is given below:

CANADA | INDIA | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Page | 2-7 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Figure 2-1: Typical TCS for 6 lane Divided Carriageway for Proposed Alignment

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-8 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-9 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-10 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-11 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-12 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-13 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-14 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-15 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

2.3.2. Bypasses

The whole length is Green Filed Highway; Hence Bypasses or realignment has not been considered

Table 2-2: Location of Major Bypass Design Chainage Sl. No. Name of Bypass Length (Km) From (Km) To (Km) Nil

2.3.3. Major Interaction

The Project Highway shall be constructed as fully access controlled expressway configuration and no at grade intersection will be permissible with expressway. There are total of 7 Major intersections has been proposed. The details and location of Major Intersections are given in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3: Details of MAJOR INTERSECTIONS (INTERCHANGES) Sl. Location Connecting Type of Interchange Type Design Remarks No. (km) Road Project Highway - Main Carriageway Amritsar Bathinda Type Design as given Start of 1. 0+000 Greenfield Right Turning Loop below Expressway Highway (NH 754 A) Type Design as given Rampura Phul/ 2. 5+512 NH 254 Rotary with Ramps below Bhai Rupa Type Design as given Sehna/ 3. 20+800 MDR 43 Rotary with Ramps below Bhadaur Type Design as given Barnala / 4. 29+600 NH 703 Double Trumpet below Moga Type Design as given Raikot/ 5. 52+240 MDR 51 Rotary with Ramps below Bassian Halwara/ Raikot/ Trumpet Interchange Type Design as given 6. 62+137 SH 13 Ludhiana with Roundabout below International Airport Delhi/ Katra/ Type Design as given 7. 75+543 NE 5 Double Trumpet Amritsar/ below Ludhiana

The drawing proposed for Major interchange chainage wise are provided in Annexure 2-1.

2.3.4. Flyovers

The minimum vertical clearance of all Flyover structures shall be 5.5m. Wherever liquefaction is observed in Open foundation and Raft Structures, Ground improvement shall be done to compact the soil to increase its penetration resistance and satisfy clause 8.4.4 (v) of IRC114. The details of the flyovers are given in Table 2-4.

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-16 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Table 2-4: Details of Flyovers proposed for Green Field Highways

Span Length C/C of Total length Width Exp. Joint Minimum Deck C/C of S. Chainage Intersecting Type of (m) Vertical Configuration of Open No. (Km) Road Structure Clearance (m) Exp. Median (m) Joint (m) (SQUARE) (m)

Skew

angle PSC I 0 1 0+000 NH 754 A 2X30 10.5 m 60 m NA 5.5 Girder deg PSC I 0 2 5+512 NH 254 2X30 2x14.5 m 60 m 3.0 m 5.5 Girder deg PSC I 0 3 20+819 MDR 43 2X30 2x14.5 m 60 m 3.0 m 5.5 Girder deg PSC I 0 4 29+619 NH 703 2X30 2x14.5 m 60 m 3.0 m 5.5 Girder deg

MDR 51 PSC 5 52+240 (Raikot PRECAST 2x30 0 14.5x2 60 3.0m 5.5m Bassian) GIRDER

Connectivity PSC to Ludhiana 6 61+733 PRECAST 1x30 22 14.5x2 30 3.0m 5.5m International GIRDER Airport

SH 13 PSC 7 62+137 (Raikot- PRECAST 1x30 38 14.5x2 30 3.0m 5.5m Halwara) GIRDER

2.3.5. Bridges and Culverts

The proposed project will not involve construction of Major Bridges. Only minor bridges will be constructed for major canals and Natural drains. The proposed project will envisage construction of 6-lane, 7 Minor Bridges, and 123 numbers of culverts. The details of minor bridges proposed are given in Table 2-6. The Detailed design of Minor Bridges, culverts and box culverts are attached as Annexure 2-2.

The details of culverts proposed are attached as Annexure 2-3.

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-17 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Table 2-5: Construction of New 6 lane Major Bridges

S.No Ex. SPAN Opening Total Structur Length Type of Stream Remarks No. Height length e Width (m) (m) (m) Nil

Table 2-6: Construction of New 6-lane Minor Bridges on main road

Clear Width Sl. Span (m) Deck of Chainag Name of Type of No Skew Configuratio Open e (Km) Bridge (SQUARE Structure . Angl n (m) Media ) e n (m) Minor Bridge over Branch PSC- 1 17+850 1X12 70 2X14.5 3 Canal and GIRDER Village Road Minor Bridge over Branch RCC 2 19+740 1X12 12 2X14.5 3 Canal and BOX Village Road Minor Bridge over Branch RCC 3 24+453 1X12 0 2X14.5 3 Canal an BOX Village Road MINOR 20.1m LHS BRIDGE 30 RCC 4 28+637 1X12 4 OVER deg BOX 14.5+10.5 NALLA RHS

IRRIGATIO N CANAL RCC 5 32+663 0 14.5x2 3 WITH MUD 1X12 BOX ROAD

RCC PRECAS 6 40+040 NALLA 1X20.6 59 14.5x2 3 T GIRDER

7 67+600 Drain 1X10 17 RCC Box 14.5X2 3

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Construction of New 6-lane Rail Over Bridge S.No SPAN Chainage Str.Type Opening Remarks No. Length Total length Height Nil

2.3.6. Vehicular Under Pass (VUP)

VUP’s are provided at crossing between the Project highway and MDRs. The vertical clearance for VUP proposed is 5.5 meters. For slip/service roads including access to wayside amenities and interconnecting roads to VUPs/LVUPs/SVUPs, flexible pavement shall be provided for minimum 10 MSA design traffic.

The details of 4 lane VUP proposed is discussed in table below:

Table 2-7: Details of Vehicular Under Passes

Clear Span Width Deck of Chainage Type of Type of (m) S.No. Skew angle Configuration Open (km) Crossing Structure (m) Median (SQUARE) (m) Phulewal to 1 10+430 RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 2x14.5 3 Dhipali Sandhu 2 14+758 Kalan to RCC BOX 1X12.0 37 2x14.5 3 Rayia Bhadaur to 3 24+494 RCC BOX 1X12.0 9 2x14.5 3 Badhata

Raikot PSC 4 66+550 Jodhan PRECAST 1x20 66 14.5x2 3 Highway GIRDER

2.3.7. Vehicle over pass (VOP)

The vertical clearance of VOP has been kept at 5.5 meters. fiver numbers of VOP has been proposed across the green filed highway. The details of VOP are discussed in Table 2-8.

Table 2-8: Details of Vehicular Over Passes (VOP) Deck Minimum Chainage Name of S. Type of Clear span Configuration Vertical Cross No. structure (m)(SQUARE) Clearance Road Skew (Km) (m) (m) angle Entry Exit Trumpet PSC I 0 1 28+763 Interchange 2x30 2X10.5 5.5 Girder Deg with NH 703

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-19 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Deck Minimum Chainage Name of S. Type of Clear span Configuration Vertical Cross No. structure (m)(SQUARE) Clearance Road Skew (Km) (m) (m) angle (Overpass)

29+619 Flyover PSC I 2 over NH 2X30 0 deg 2x10.5 m 5.5 (Loop MC20 Girder & MC 21) 703

Entry/ Exit PSC 3 60+890 Trumpet PRECAST 2x30 10.5x2 Interchange GIRDER 0 5.5

Entry/ Exit PSC 4 75+160 Trumpet PRECAST 2x30 10.5X2 Interchange GIRDER 0 5.5

250+830 of PSC Delhi Katra Delhi Katra 5 PRECAST 2x30 0 19.2X1+21.2X1 5.5 Expressway, Expressway GIRDER above MCW

2.3.8. Light Vehicular Underpasses

The proposed project will involve construction of 26 number of LVUP. The details of LVUP proposed are discussed in Table 2-9.

Table 2-9: Details of Vehicular Over Passes (LVUP) Clear Span Width Deck S. Chainage Type of Type of (m) Skew of Open Configuration No. (km) Crossing Structure angle Median (m) (SQUARE) (m) Sadhana to 1 3+657 RCC BOX 1X12.0 35 2x14.5 3 Phul Bhai Rupa to 2 8+582 RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 2x14.5 3 Dhipali Phulewal to 3 11+497 RCC BOX 1X12.0 22 2x14.5 3 Dhipali Sandhu Kalan 4 12+977 RCC BOX 1X12.0 30 2x14.5 3 to Dhipali

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-20 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Clear Span Width Deck S. Chainage Type of Type of (m) Skew of Open Configuration No. (km) Crossing Structure angle Median (m) (SQUARE) (m) Nainewala to 5 19+557 RCC BOX 1X12.0 28 2x14.5 3 Sehna

Deepgarh to 6 25+844 RCC BOX 1X12.0 40 2x14.5 3 Badhata

Himmatpura 7 32+216 – Bihla RCC BOX 1X12.0 38 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Narengarh Sohian to 8 35+700 RCC BOX 1X12.0 16 14.5x2 3 Gehal Village Road

Moom to Chhiniwal 9 39+508 RCC BOX 1X12.0 16 14.5x2 3 Khurd Village Road

Sadowal to 10 41+023 Dhaner RCC BOX 1X12.0 19 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Nathowal to Ramgarh 11 45+298 RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Sivian Village Road

Nathowal to Ramgarh 12 46+610 RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Sivian Village Road

Ramgarh Sivian to 13 48+570 Boparai RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Khurd Village Road

Ramgarh Sivian to 14 49+030 RCC BOX 1X12.0 33 14.5x2 3 Jaladiwal Village Road

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-21 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Clear Span Width Deck S. Chainage Type of Type of (m) Skew of Open Configuration No. (km) Crossing Structure angle Median (m) (SQUARE) (m) Ramgarh Sivian to 15 50+826 RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Raikot Village Road

Silaoni to 16 53+234 Raikot RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Burj Hari Singh Wala to 17 55+574 RCC BOX 1X12.0 24 14.5x2 3 Raikot Village Road

Talwandi Rai 18 58+541 to Nurpur RCC BOX 1X12.0 24 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Rajaona Khurd to 19 60+411 RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Nurpur Village Road

Halwara to 20 63+100 Burj Littian RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Halwara to 21 64+905 RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Nangal Kalan

Toosa to Leel 22 67+040 RCC BOX 1X12.0 18 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Pakhowal to 23 70+785 Dangon RCC BOX 1X12.0 28 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Sarabah to 24 71+491 Gujjarwal RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-22 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Clear Span Width Deck S. Chainage Type of Type of (m) Skew of Open Configuration No. (km) Crossing Structure angle Median (m) (SQUARE) (m)

Chaminda to 25 73+900 Gujjarwal RCC BOX 1X12.0 0 14.5x2 3 Village Road

Ballowal to 26 74+628 Gujjarwal RCC BOX 1X12.0 16 14.5x2 3 Village Road

2.3.9. Small Vehicles Underpass

The proposed project will involve construction of 49 numbers of small vehicles underpass along the proposed green filed highways. The details of SVUP proposed are given in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10: Details of Vehicular Over Passes (SVUP) Clear Width S. Type of Type of Span (m) of Chaina Deck No Crossin Structu Skew angle Open ge (km) (SQUAR Configuration (m) . g re Media E) n (m) RCC 1 -0+290 7X4.5 0 Deg 10.5 7 NA Box RCC 2X10.5+1X1 2 0+333 7X4.5 26 Deg 7.9 3 Box 2.5 Field RCC 3 0+800 1X7.0 15 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 4 1+570 1X7.0 12 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 5 1+930 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 6 2+400 1X7.0 15 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Sadhana RCC 7 2+823 to 1X7.0 14 2x14.5 3 BOX Mehraj Field RCC 8 4+208 1X7.0 39 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 9 5+875 1X7.0 25 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Harnam Singh RCC 10 6+372 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Wala to BOX Dhapali

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-23 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Clear Width S. Type of Type of Span (m) of Chaina Deck No Crossin Structu Skew angle Open ge (km) Configuration (m) . g re (SQUAR Media E) n (m) Field RCC 11 7+700 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 12 9+694 1X7.0 15 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 13 10+040 1X7.0 15 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 14 11+363 1X7.0 19 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 15 13+360 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Sandhu Kalan to RCC 16 15+911 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Ballo BOX Ke Sandhu RCC 17 16+462 Kalan to 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 BOX Sehna Field RCC 18 18+900 1X7.0 40 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 19 19+297 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 20 21+522 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 21 23+650 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 22 26+625 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 23 28+525 1X7.0 0 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 24 30+036 1X7.0 36 2x14.5 3 Track BOX Field RCC 25 31+026 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Field Track RCC 26 31+682 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 cum BOX Drain Field RCC 27 33+624 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Field RCC 28 34+915 1X7.0 38 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Field RCC 29 35+397 1X7.0 37 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Field RCC 30 36+873 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-24 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Clear Width S. Type of Type of Span (m) of Chaina Deck No Crossin Structu Skew angle Open ge (km) Configuration (m) . g re (SQUAR Media E) n (m) Gehal to Chhiniw RCC 31 37+230 al Khurd 1X7.0 13 14.5x2 3 BOX Village Road Field RCC 32 38+032 1X7.0 34 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Field RCC 33 40+086 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Gagewal to Chak RCC 34 41+479 Bhai Ka 1X7.0 18 14.5x2 3 BOX Village Road Field RCC 35 43+780 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Nathow al to Chak RCC 36 44+276 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Bhai Ka BOX Village Road Field RCC 37 45+170 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Dhurkot to Ramgar RCC 38 47+613 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 h Sivian BOX Village Road Field RCC 39 50+108 1X7.0 16 14.5x2 3 Track BOX

Field RCC 9.0(SR)+14.5x2(MCW)+9. 40 51+070 1X7.0 0 3 Track BOX 0(SR)

Field RCC 9.0(SR)+14.5x2(MCW)+9. 41 51+697 1X7.0 35 3 Track BOX 0(SR)

Field RCC 42 53+510 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Rupa Patti to RCC 43 54+463 Raikot 1X7.0 23 14.5x2 3 BOX Village Road

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-25 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Clear Width S. Type of Type of Span (m) of Chaina Deck No Crossin Structu Skew angle Open ge (km) Configuration (m) . g re (SQUAR Media E) n (m) Burj Hari Singh to RCC 44 56+408 1X7.0 26 14.5x2 3 Gondwa BOX l Village Road Field RCC 45 63+964 1X7.0 21 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Halwara to Burj RCC 46 64+600 Hakima 1X7.0 26 14.5x2 3 BOX Village Road Field RCC 47 65+726 1X7.0 0 14.5x2 3 Track BOX Sarabah to Leel RCC 48 69+640 1X7.0 25 14.5x2 3 Village BOX Road Field RCC 49 72+564 1X7.0 34 14.5x2 3 Track BOX

2.3.10. Road Side Amenities

The Concessionaire will construct the Project Facilities as provided below. Such Project Facilities shall include. a) Toll plazas b) Road side furniture c) Operation and Maintenance Centers d) Way side amenities / Service Areas e) Smaller Parking Places with Toilet Facilities Service Area f) Truck Parking Areas g) Pedestrian Facilities/ Cattle Crossings/SVUP h) Lighting i) Environmental Management Plan j) Land Scaping and Tree Plantation k) Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) l) Noise Barriers m) Utilities n) Rain water harvesting

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-26 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

2.3.11. Toll Plaza:

No toll plaza has been proposed on the main carriage way. The proposed will involve construction toll booth on the loops/ ramps. The details of Toll Plaza proposed are given in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11: Details of Toll proposed for Green Field Highway No. of toll Interchange Direction (Entry: to Interchange Toll Chainage Location expressway, Exit: lanes (Normal No. Plaza (Km.) from Expressway) + ETC + Extra Wide) On Entry (2+1)x2 Interchange 2 5+512 TP-2 loop/Ramp Exit (2+1)x2 road On Entry (2+1)x2 Interchange 3 20+819 TP-3 loop/Ramp Exit (2+1)x2 road On Entry (2+1)x1 Interchange 4 29+600 TP-4 loop/Ramp Exit (2+1)x1 road On Entry (2+1)x2 Interchange5 52+240 TP-5 loop/Ramp road Exit (2+1)x2 On Entry (2+1)x1 Interchange 6 62+137 TP-6 loop/Ramp road Exit (2+1)x1

2.3.12. Way side Amenities / Service Areas

Wayside amenities shall be a part of the Project Highway and shall be constructed with the minimum facilities such as Parking areas (Buses, Cars, Mini Buses), Fuel Station and garage for minor repair, Hotel/ Motel, Trauma Center, Rest Areas, Fast Food Centre, Travel Information Facilities, Toilets and Bath Facilities, space for Maintenance staff & Vehicle Service Station, Dormitory etc.

Table 2-12: Details of Amenities/ Service Areas

S. No. Start (Km) End (Km) Side Type of facility Area 1. 28+800 29+000 RHS Road user facility 2.0 Ha 2. 51+300 51+600 Both Freight Destination Facility 6 Ha (Each) 3. 60+900 61+100 RHS Road User Facility 2.0 Ha 4. 75+200 75+500 LHS Freight Destination Facility 6 Ha

Details of structure are discussed in Annexure 2-4.

Environmental Impact Assessment R e p o r t Page | 2-27 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

2.3.13. Design Speed

The design speed is important for economic operation and has a great bearing on the design and safety of the highway. As per IRC: SP: 87 Manual for 6-laning, the design speed based on terrain classification in Table 2-13.

Table 2-13: Design Speed as per Terrain Classification Design Speed (km/hr) Nature of Terrain Cross slope of the ground Ruling Minimum Plain and Rolling Up to 25 % 100 80 Mountainous and Steep More than 25 % 60 40

Since the terrain is predominantly plain the ruling design speed for the project road shall be considered as 100 kmph.

2.4. TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS

2.4.1. Forecasted Traffic

Based on socio-economic indicator such as population growth rate, Per Capita NSDP, Industrial Production, Mining Production, Agricultural Output, Adoption of Elasticity of Transport Demand Values etc. has been assessed to forecast traffic. Forecasted traffic for different future years is given in Table 2-14.

Table 2-14: Projected Traffic (AADT)

Mini Year Car/Jeep Bus 2-axle 3-axle M-axle LCV Mini LCV Bus

2023 6517 1842 787 294 64 247 1367 209

2024 6843 1934 826 309 67 259 1435 219

2025 7185 2031 868 324 71 272 1507 230

2026 7544 2132 911 340 74 286 1582 242

2027 7921 2239 957 357 78 300 1662 254

2028 8318 2351 1004 375 82 315 1745 267

2029 8733 2468 1055 394 86 331 1832 280

2030 9170 2592 1107 414 90 348 1924 294

2031 9629 2721 1163 434 95 365 2020 309

2032 10110 2858 1221 456 99 383 2121 324

2033 10616 3000 1282 479 104 402 2227 340

2034 11146 3150 1346 503 109 422 2338 357

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Mini Year Car/Jeep Bus 2-axle 3-axle M-axle LCV Mini LCV Bus

2035 11704 3308 1413 528 115 444 2455 375

2036 12289 3473 1484 554 121 466 2578 394

2037 12903 3647 1558 582 127 489 2707 414

2038 13548 3829 1636 611 133 513 2842 434

2039 14226 4021 1718 642 140 539 2984 456

2040 14937 4222 1804 674 147 566 3133 479

2041 15684 4433 1894 708 154 594 3290 503

2042 16468 4655 1989 743 162 624 3454 528

2043 17292 4887 2088 780 170 655 3627 555

2044 18156 5132 2193 819 178 688 3808 582

2045 19064 5388 2302 860 187 723 3999 611

2046 20017 5658 2417 903 197 759 4199 642

2047 21018 5941 2538 948 206 797 4409 674

2048 22069 6238 2665 996 217 836 4629 708

2049 23172 6550 2798 1045 228 878 4861 743

2050 24331 6877 2938 1098 239 922 5104 780

2051 25547 7221 3085 1153 251 968 5359 819

2052 26825 7582 3239 1210 263 1017 5627 860

2053 28166 7961 3401 1271 277 1068 5908 903

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Growth Rate

2020 2021 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2022 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2023 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2024 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2025 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2026 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2027 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2028 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2029 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2030 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2031 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2032 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2033 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2034 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2035 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2036 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2037 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2038 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2039 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2040 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2041 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2042 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2043 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2044 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050

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Growth Rate 2045 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2046 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2047 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2048 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2049 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2051 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2052 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 2053 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050

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2.5. NATURAL RESOURCE REQUIREMENT

2.5.1. Construction Water

Two sources have been identified for construction water requirement. Total water requirement for construction period of is 8,95,000 KL (1225 KLD). It would be sourced from surface (60%) and ground water (40%). The required permission will be obtained by the Contractor prior to construction. The detail of source are provided in Table 2-15.

Table 2-15 : Source of Construction Water Requirement GPS Coordinates (UTM)

Sample Location Left/ Elevation Collected From No. (Km) Right Zone Easting Northing (m)

ABE-WS-1 05+000 LHS 43 R 520081 3458363 212.0 Borewell

ABE-WS-2 44+000 RHS 43 R 518085 3364961 217.0 Borewell

2.5.2. Sand

Plenty sand are available in this section. The nearest source of sand quarries are at Vill.- Handwal (Hajipur), The.- Mukerian, Distt.- Hoshipur and at Mirthal, Pathankot, Gurdaspur, Punjab. The details of these sand sources are presented in Table 2-16.

Table 2-16: Details of Sand Quarries Lead from GPS Coordinates (UTM) Directio Nam Approxi Neare Name Sample n e of Contact mate st of the Elevat No (LHS/R Crus Zo Easti North Details Quantity Chain Village ion HS) her ne ng ing (Cum) age (m) (Km) Vill.- Handw Owner: al Vashist Vashi (Hajipu Mobile st r), ABE-M 43 5788 35342 No.: LHS 123.0 Stone The.- 370 Plenty SQ-1 R 32 60 9646599 Crush Mukeri 883, er an, 7651054 Distt.- 249 Hoship ur

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Lead from GPS Coordinates (UTM) Directio Nam Approxi Neare Name Sample n e of Contact mate st of the Elevat No (LHS/R Crus Zo Easti North Details Quantity Chain Village ion HS) her ne ng ing (Cum) age (m) (Km)

Owner: Mirthal Thak Fatheh , ur Singh ABE-M Pathan 43 5652 35541 LHS 175 Stone 287 Mobile Plenty SQ-2 kot, R 70 04 Crush No.: Gurdas er 8146286 pur, 316 Punjab.

2.5.3. Borrow Area

Based on the information received from existing data, local enquiry and field surveys carried out, the Consultant has identified 19 borrow areas. The sources identified as potential borrow sources are presented in Table 2-19 which include useful information such as, distance from the project road, location, village name, quantity available, owner’s/contact person with contact no. and probable rates etc. Borrowing soil from these areas would require prior approval of the local authorities and negotiations with private people.

2.5.4. Fly Ash Source

One source for fly Ash has been identified within 300 km of the proposed alignment. Abundant quantity of flyash are available at Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plan. This fly Ash will be used for road construction. The details of location are given in Table 2-17

Table 2-17: Details of source of Fly Ash within Project Area GPS Coordinates Lead Name of (UTM) from Approximate Direction The Name of Contact Nearest Quantity (LHS/RHS) Power the Village Details Chainage (Cum) Station Easting Northing (Km)

National 491667 3345049 Thermal Power Plant at Vill: Lehra Guru Mohabbat, Km. Nanak 151+000 of Dev Lehra RHS 25.00 NH-7, Contact Plenty Thermal Mohabbat Person Mr. R. Power 492505 3346604 Bansal, Plant Incharge of Ash Handeling Plant, Ph: 9646117662

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Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

2.5.5. Aggregate Requirements

8 source has been identified for aggregates. Out of 8 aggregate 5 source are for aggregate and 3 source are for bricks. Based on the findings there are plenty source available in the proposed green field highway projects. The details of aggregate are given in Table 2-18.

Table 2-18: Source of aggregate for Proposed Green Field Highways GPS Lead Coordinates Approxima Left/ from (UTM) Name of Name of te Sample Contact Righ Nearest the the Quantity/ No. Details t Chainag Eastin Northin Quarry Crusher Capacity e (Km) g g (Cum)

Owner: Vill.- Vashist Handwal Mobile (Hajipur), Vashist 57883 353426 No.: ABE-AQ-1 LHS 123.0 The.- Stone Plenty 2 0 964659988 Mukerian, Crusher 3, Distt.- 765105424 Hoshipur 9

Owner: Mirthal, Jai Vicky Pathankot 56527 355410 Balajee, Mobile ABE-AQ-2 LHS 170.0 , Plenty 0 4 Madhup No.- Gurdaspu ur 988889110 r, Punjab. 3

Owner: Mirthal, Fatheh Pathankot Thakur Singh 56527 355410 ABE-AQ-3 LHS 175.0 , Stone Plenty Mobile 0 4 Gurdaspu Crusher No.: r, Punjab. 814628631 6

Bharatgar Jeetender Sant 65246 343818 h Rd, Sing ABE-AQ-4 LHS 161.0 Crushing Plenty 1 8 Bharatgar 094171 Co. h, Punjab 66592 140114

Anandpur New 63662 345473 Sahib Rd, Malwa ABE-AQ-5 LHS 164.0 Plenty - 9 5 Saidpur, stone Punjab crusher 140117

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Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

GPS Lead Coordinates Approxima Left/ from (UTM) Name of Name of te Sample Contact Righ Nearest the the Quantity/ No. Details t Chainag Eastin Northin Quarry Crusher Capacity e (Km) g g (Cum)

Swarn Singh - 987656879 ABE- 52402 341597 RHS 0.50 Datta - - 4, S.K. Brick-1 0 3 Bansal - 987656879 4 Bharpur Charik Singh ABE- 52070 338823 Friends RHS 0.50 Road, - Randhwa, Brick-2 0 3 Bricks Moga 946392130 7 Janta Gruchran ABE- 52059 339426 Burj Brick Singh, RHS 1.00 - Brick-3 7 6 Dunna Centre 987790002 (JBC) 7

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-35 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi- Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Table 2-19: Location of Borrow Areas

Lead GPS Coordinates (UTM) Available Surrounding Side From Approximate Land (Acre) Land Terrain Sample Name of the Contact Details of Types of (LHS/ Nearest Quantity & Depth of (Plan / No. Village Land Ownear Lands RHS) Chainage Elevation (Cum) Excavation Rolling / Zone Easting Northing (Km) (m) (m) Hilly)

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-1 RHS 2.00 Kot Shamir 43 R 501610 3330194 208.0 Taranjeet Mbl: 97125 20.0 X 1.2 Plan Land 9465265686 Pvt. Land. Owner: Dhan Singh Sukhbir Singh Agricultural ABE-BA-2 LHS 1.00 43 R 508811 3334076 211.0 1011715 50 X 5.0 Plan Khana Sarpanch Mbl: Land 9780828061 Pvt. Land. Owner: Pal Singh Mbl: Agricultural ABE-BA-3 LHS 0.50 Lehr Baga 43 R 513780 3346354 217.0 72843 15.0 X 1.2 Plan 9463470824, Land 9878062015 Pvt. Land. Owner: Mukhtiyar Singh Dyalpura Mbl: 7814207794, Agricultural ABE-BA-4 RHS 4.30 43 R 514452 3361409 215.0 242812 40.0 X 1.5 Plan Mirza Palvindra - Land 9876778927, 9346347824 Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-5 RHS 1.85 Gumti Kalan 43 R 516839 3366185 215.0 Harbant Singh, 97125 20.0 X 1.2 Plan Land Mbl: 9803526188

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Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Lead GPS Coordinates (UTM) Available Surrounding Side From Approximate Land (Acre) Land Terrain Sample Name of the Contact Details of Types of (LHS/ Nearest Quantity & Depth of (Plan / No. Village Land Ownear Lands RHS) Chainage Elevation (Cum) Excavation Rolling / Zone Easting Northing (Km) (m) (m) Hilly)

Pvt. Land. Owner: Manjeet Singh Bar, Mbl: Agricultural ABE-BA-6 RHS 0.50 Gaunspura 43 R 519062 3374360 218.0 97125 20.0 X 1.2 Plan 9888908888, Land Jagjeet Singh - 9530697285 Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-7 LHS 0.80 Gaunspura 43 R 520037 3373563 220.0 Rajdeep, Mbl: 91054 15.0 X 1.5 Plan Land 9501000987,

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-8 LHS 0.50 Burj Dunna 43 R 520800 3394219 222.0 Shamsher Khan, 151757 25.0 X 1.5 Plan Land Mbl: 9878190512 Pvt. Land. Owner:Harbindra Agricultural ABE-BA-9 LHS 0.50 Dala 43 R 522224 3404812 225.0 38850 8.0 X 1.2 Plan Singh Mob: Land 9814946861 Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-10 RHS 0.50 Rauli 43 R 523779 3413205 223.0 Jagrasan Mbl: 69201 19 X 0.9 Plan Land 9814696691 Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-11 LHS 1.50 Badduwal 43 R 524452 3423903 220.0 Jagtar Singh (T.C.) 60703 10.0 X 1.5 Plan Land Mbl: 8872401641

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Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Lead GPS Coordinates (UTM) Available Surrounding Side From Approximate Land (Acre) Land Terrain Sample Name of the Contact Details of Types of (LHS/ Nearest Quantity & Depth of (Plan / No. Village Land Ownear Lands RHS) Chainage Elevation (Cum) Excavation Rolling / Zone Easting Northing (Km) (m) (m) Hilly)

Chak Deepen Mal Mbl: Agricultural ABE-BA-12 LHS 4.10 43 R 526604 3434125 219.0 323749 40.0 X 2.0 Plan Bahmanian 9814300942 Land

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-13 LHS 6.15 Chak Chela 43 R 526344 3447910 220.0 Nirmal Singh Ladi 182109 30.0 X 1.5 Plan Land Mbl: 9872286252

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-14 LHS 3.00 Turna 43 R 524210 3445780 217.0 Nirmal Singh Ladi 404686 50.0 X 2.0 Plan Land Mbl: 9872286252

Pvt. Land. Owner: Talwandi Agricultural ABE-BA-15 RHS 2.15 43 R 517828 3463202 214.0 Tota Malik Mbl: 121406 20.0 X 1.5 Plan Chaudhrian Land 9872286252

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-16 LHS 12.00 Mour 43 R 525348 3324681 218.0 Ajit Singh , Ph: 72846 12.0 X 1.5 Plan Land 9417027072

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-17 LHS 10.00 Myserkhana 43 R 515758 3329409 218.0 Harnail Singh , Ph: 121410 20.0 X 1.5 Plan Land 9463078830

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-18 RHS 7.00 Jaisinghwala 43 R 481162 3329642 202.0 Yashpal, Ph: 109269 18.0 X 1.5 Plan Land 943285331

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Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Lead GPS Coordinates (UTM) Available Surrounding Side From Approximate Land (Acre) Land Terrain Sample Name of the Contact Details of Types of (LHS/ Nearest Quantity & Depth of (Plan / No. Village Land Ownear Lands RHS) Chainage Elevation (Cum) Excavation Rolling / Zone Easting Northing (Km) (m) (m) Hilly)

Pvt. Land. Owner: Agricultural ABE-BA-19 RHS 6.80 Sainial 43 R 490239 3333419 204.0 Parminder Singh, 178068 22.0 X 2.0 Plan Land Ph: 9855745755

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 2-39 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi- Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

2.6. LAND REQUIREMENTS

Total land requirement 508.99 Ha (505.712 Ha. Agricultural land) and (3.278 Ha. Protected Forest Land- along irrigation canal, railways line, roads, bunds etc). The proposed project will involve diversion of 9 Ha of protected forest land.

2.7. MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS

Approximately 500 numbers of persons, consisting of unskilled, semiskilled, semiskilled labours, technician, engineers, shall be engaged or construction of the project. About 100 people will be engaged during operation phase of the project.

2.8. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Duration of implementation of the project is 2.5 years.

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3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE

3.1. ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES (With & Without Project)

3.1.1. Without Project Scenario

The existing connectivity in the project district along the proposed section are mostly two/four lane highway with varying pavement width. Based on the traffic survey conducted on the existing National Highway and state highway it seems that the traffic volume exceeds the carrying capacity for 2lane/ 4 lane highways. The capacity of the present highway is insufficient for handling the high volume of traffic and freight movement.

To carter with the existing traffic and increase in industrialization and urbanization along the proposed alignment and limitation of expansion of existing National Highway due to road side development, approach of habitation along both side of existing roads, institution and religious places, it become cost ineffective to resettle large number of peoples, relocate sensitive receptor, industries, shops, religious place etc. it would leads to local instability and would incur huge Resettlement & Rehabilitation cost. Even if R&R are settled, the road passes through dense settlement resulting in disruption in smooth traffic flow.

Secondly the proposed greenfield highway will provide new access with an objective to boost an explore new area for establishment of industrial units, creation of new Special Economic Zone, decrease in travel time for locals and to outstation commodities. It would also provide better line to agri-business and local agricultural product to reach or explore larger market hub. It would increase overall income of the local farmers improving their livelihood.

This is further compounded by the various land use conflicts, in terms of uncontrolled development along the highway. The population growth, increase in traffic volumes and the economic development along the corridor would continue to occur and will worsen the already critical situation. In the absence of proposed development, the existing unsafe conditions and the adverse environmental consequences in terms of the environmental quality along the existing roads would continue to worsen.

Moreover, if it is decided not to go with new green field highway, then the regional beneficiaries (sub-urban and rural population along the proposed alignment) will be deprived of the socioeconomic development of this remote and relatively poorly connected area.

3.1.2. With Project Scenario

With project scenario is found to have a positive impact in the long run on environmental, social, economic and financial implications. This scenario includes the development of 6 lanes without paved/granular shoulder. The scenario is economically viable and will improve the existing conditions of the project area. It would thereby, contribute to the developmental goals envisaged by NHAI, MoRTH GoI, and enhance the growth potential of the area. In spite of the various development benefits likely to accrue due to the project, as is the case of every road development project, the project would be accompanied by certain impacts on the natural, social and environmental components. The potential impacts on the various environmental components can be avoided through good environmental practices. Wherever avoidance of negative impact has not been possible, appropriate mitigation and enhancement actions will be worked out to effectively offset the environmental damages inflicted due to the project.

A detailed Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Action Plan will be worked out to improve the well-being and livelihood of the people to be impacted. Comparative assessments of the “with and without” project scenarios are presented in the following Table 3-1

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-1 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Table 3-1: Assessment of Alternative (With and Without) Project

Features With Project Scenario Without Project Scenario

Design Speed 100km/h 60 to 80km/h

Geometric of Highway 8-lane carriageway without paved/granular The existing roads i.e ORD/MDR shoulder with geometric improvements are intermediate/National Highways/ State Highways are two lane carriageways with poor geometrics

Road Safety Measures Provision of proper road markings, Speed Accident incidents shall rise with limit sign and improvement of geometry to an increased traffic volume. reduce accidents.

Congestion Access control carriageway would provide Congestion along urban/ free flow of traffic settlement areas

Road Side amenities Appropriate road side amenities to be Not adequate. provided at various locations along the corridor.

Tree felling involve The Project will involve felling of trees No felling of trees involves along the within agricultural land, irrigation canal, road etc. ten times the number of trees fell will be planted

Environmental Features Provision of lined drain along with Poor due to congestion and high rainwater structure will improves emission levels because of slow environmental quality. Besides an movement of traffic. A further aggressive tree plantation and provision of deterioration is expected due to enhancement features shall not only Increase in traffic volumes and provide aesthetics. The free flow traffic further congestion. will improve ambient air quality and would save fuel consumption

Social Features It will affect social structure but would No effect on social features and improve social structure of an area by structure providing better connectivity

Drainage The local drainage system across the The issues remain unaddressed proposed highway will improve. There without the project would be provision of culverts/ cross drainage structures, bridges etc

Tourism & Pilgrimage The proposed project will connect the No direct routes/connectivity enhancement proposed airport at Halwara, Ludhiana. It available from Bathinda to would also provide fast and safe Ludhiana. connectivity resulting in saving fuel, travel time and cost to reach the different tourist places

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-2 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

3.2. SELECTION CRETARION FOR OPTIONS FINALIZATION

The points considered while finalization of alignment from proposed three options are as follows:

Impact on Habitation: The option with minimum habitation fragmentation. Distance of habitation from proposed alignment should be 200 to 300 meters. Bare minimum affected on religious structure, buildings, institutions etc. least consideration were given for stand alone structure.

Water Bodies: During finalization of green field highway alignment, due consideration was given to avoid the water bodies like wetland, natural lakes, notified wetland and other water bodies like river, streams and dams. To minimize the impact, the road should not run parallel to the rivers within 500 meters.

Protected Area: During options study for freezing the final alignment, due consideration should be given to avoid Wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, Conservation reserve declared protected under the Wildlife Protection Act -1972. Alternative option should also see that minimum use of forest land are anticipated for project implementation.

Railway Crossings and Important Structures:

The components which increases the project cost are the presence of the Major bridges, ROBs and other structures. In order to reduce the project cost, number of structures and their respective lengths were given due consideration while finalizing the Greenfield Option. Moreover, the alternative options have been worked out keeping the following in mind:

• The Greenfield alignment between two terminal stations should be short and straight as far as possible, but due to engineering, social and environmental considerations some deviations may be required.

• The project should be constructible and easy to maintain; the Greenfield project should reduce the vehicle operation cost with respect to the existing option already available i.e. using the NH/SHs in combination to reach from point A to point B.

• It should be safe at all stages i.e. during design, construction and operation stages. Safety audits at each stage should confirm the same.

• The initial cost of project (capital expenditure), maintenance cost, and operating cost should be optimum, to enable comparison of economics pertaining to life cycle cost versus other alignment options.

• The Greenfield alignment should be finalized giving due consideration to siting/location of major structures including Major/Minor Bridges, Interchanges and ROBs. The space requirement of interchanges to be kept into consideration to avoid major resettlement.

• The alignment should follow the unused / barren land to the extent possible to reduce the cost of land acquisition and carbon foot print.

• The proposed options in the present case connects the under developed regions of the state of Punjab which would lead to the development of new growth centers along the proposed highway i.e. paving the way for economic development of the region.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-3 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

A number of alternatives options were studied before finalization of the preferred alternative as shown in figure below. The following key criteria were given weightage while deciding on the final option:

3.3. STUDY OF ATLETNATIVE

Alternative options have been explored to minimize the impact and productive land, structure, forest area, water bodies, minerals resource, technologies usage, length of roads, structure and household effected etc. Three option were proposed and ground truthing were done to select on Option out of three which would meet with design requirement and has minimize adverse effect on environmental, economic and social implications.

The proposed Greenfield alternative would thus be designed for a speed of 100kmph taking all design, traffic and safety considerations so as to have a world class highway catering to the future traffic demands. The comparative details of three option proposed is discussed in Table 3-2

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Table 3-2: Comparative Description of Each Alternative (Options) Proposed Alternatives SN Criteria Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 A General Alignment Perspective 1 Alignment start point (location name) Ballowal (Ludhiana West) Ballowal (Ludhiana West) Ballowal (Ludhiana West) 2 Alignment start point (chainage) Km 0.000 Km 0.000 Km 0.000 3 Alignment end point (location name) Bhaini (Rampura Phul) Sailbrah (Rampura Phul) Dyalpura Bhaika (Rampura Phul) 4 Alignment end point (chainage name) Km 76+290 Km 78+374 Km 62+570 5 Total length of the alignment (km) Km 76+290 Km 78+374 Km 62+570 B Environmental Perspective 1 Terrain nature Plain Plain Plain 2 No of water bodies, wetland etc. with distance Major River – Nil Major River – Nil Major River – Nil Nala - Nil Nala - Nil Nala - Nil Ponds – Nil Ponds – 4 Ponds – 7 Drain - 3 Drain - 3 Drain - 3 3 Details of irrigation canal crossings Major Canal – Nil Major Canal – 2 Major Canal – 1 Minor Canal – 21 Minor Canal – 19 Minor Canal – 17 Distributory Canal - 5 Distributory Canal - 4 Distributory Canal - 6 4 Details of cultivated land along the corridor All Agriculture field All Agriculture field All Agriculture field 5 Details number of cattle crossing pathway @500m @500m @500m 6 Protected Forest and Reserve forest (Ha.) Protected Forest 9 ha Protected Forest 12 ha Protected Forest 13 ha Approx. along irrigation Approx. Approx. along irrigation canal, railways line, roads, along irrigation canal, canal, railways line, roads bunds etc railways line, roads, bunds bunds etc 7 No of Environmental Sensitive Zone, WLS etc Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 8 Major flora details and its nature Prosopis juliflora), Shisham Kikar (Acacia Nilotica), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), (Dalbergia sissoo), Kikar Beri (Zizyphus mauritiana), Kikar (Acacia Nilotica), (Acacia Nilotica), Beri Drek (Melia azadirachta), Jand (Prosopis cineraria), (Zizyphus mauritiana), Amb Khajoor (Phoenix Mesquite (Prosopis (Mangifera indica), Jamun sylvestris), Prosopis juliflora), Siris (Albizzia (Syzygium cumini ), Neem juliflora), Shisham sp.), Dholi , Nara (Azadirachata indica), Drek (Dalbergia sissoo), Amb (Arundinaria falcata), (Melia azadirachta), Khajoor (Mangifera indica), Jamun Palwan (Dichanthium

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-5 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Alternatives SN Criteria Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 (Phoenix sylvestris), Lasura (Syzygium cumini ), Neem annulatum), Sariala (Cordia myxa), Teak (Azadirachata indica), (Heteropogon contortis), (Tectona grandis), Lasura (Cordia myxa), Teak Beri (Zizyphus mauritiana), Eucalyptus,. (Tectona grandis), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Eucalyptus,. Neem (Azadirachata indica), Simbal (Bombex ceiba), Phalahi, Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), Mesquite, Sarkanda, Toon (Toona ciliata), Dhak (Butea monosperma) , Karir(Capparis aphylla), Karonda (Carissa karanda). etc. 9 Tentative no of trees in forest area (both fruit bearing & non Fruit-19 Fruit-57 Fruit-43 fruit bearing) Non Fruit-1038 Non Fruit-1261 Non Fruit-1189 10 Tentative no of trees in non- forest area (both fruit bearing & Fruit-39 Fruit-290 Fruit-210 non fruit bearing) Non-Fruit-461 Non-Fruit-587 Non-Fruit-742 11 Major fauna details, animal species etc. Mostly domesticated Mostly domesticated Deers, sambar, monkey and animals animals scheduled – 1 birds. C Socio-economic Perspective 1 Population displacement requirement 2 Predominant existing land use pattern Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture 3 Socio-economic activities/livelihood Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture 4 No of entities with religious importance NIL Nil Nil 5 No of human settlements, villages etc. 36 39 35 6 Private land to be acquired 448.74 Hectare 505 Hectare 397 Hectare 7 No of entities with heritage or archaeological importance NA NA NA D Design and Engineering perspective 1 No of structures to be destroyed 37 69 187 2 No of railway crossing Nil Nil Nil 3 No of highway or major road crossing 1 NH, 2 SH, PWD Roads 34 1 NH, 2 SH, PWD Roads 36 1 NH, 2 SH, PWD Roads 28

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-6 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Alternatives SN Criteria Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 4 No of flyover, underpass, ROB Flyover (2), Underpass 37, Flyover (2), Underpass 39, Flyover (2), Underpass 31, ROB-Nil ROB-Nil ROB-Nil 6 Geometric nature of alignment (no of major bends, Plain and Straight Plain and Straight Plain and Straight horizontal/vertical profiling) 7 Need for any at grade junction improvement NA NA NA 8 Availability of RoW Fully Greenfield Fully Greenfield Fully Greenfield 9 Utility shifting requirement Only Electric Lines Only Electric Lines Only Electric Lines 10 Civil Construction Cost (in Crores) 1716.17 1842.90 1833.20 11 LA and R&R Cost (in Crores) 182.72 234.20 256.50 12 Total Capital Cost (in Crores) 1898.89 2077.10 2089.70 E FINAL OPTION SELECTED OPTION No – 1

Analysis of all the three proposed options for point of Alignment, Environmental, Socio-economic, design and engineering prospective, shows that option -I is best option and has been selected as best option by the NHAI. The issues discussed in the meeting is as follows:

• Minimum diversion of forest and avoidance of wildlife protected area, tree felling, water bodies affected • Better connectivity to major towns through intersections at crossing state & National Highways and to proposed Air Port at Ludhiana. • Minimum utilization of productive land • Minimum number of settlements affected. • Least LA and R&R cost, Civil Construction Cost

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-7 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Figure 3-1: Alternative Options for Proposed Alignment

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3.4. ALTERNATIVE IN TECHNOLOGY

For New Green field Highway two technology for asphalt usage can be explore for construction and for operation and maintenance phase. During construction phase the contractor can use Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Technology and for operation and maintenance phase the contractor can use Cold Mix Asphalt Technology (CMA). Hot Mix Technology involves Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) which is a combination of approximately 95% stone, sand, or gravel bound together by asphalt cement, a product of crude oil. Asphalt cement is heated aggregate, combined, and mixed with the aggregate at an HMA facility. The comparison analysis between Hot and Cold Mix Asphalt technology is discussed in Table 3-3.

Table 3-3: Comparative Analysis between Hot and Cold Mix Asphalt Technology

S.No Hot Mix Technology Cold Mix Technology 1. It is primarily used as paving material and consists It is a polymer technology and manipulation of a mixture of aggregate and liquid asphalt cement, of viscosity and material design, of the which are heated and mixed in measured quantities. various components of an asphalt mix. It is soft and sticky out of the bag, but it quickly It is of to type either drum mix plants or batch mix hardens after application and the end result plants, according to the process by which the raw is a pavement patch with better strength but materials are mixed. similar properties to hot asphalt. In a batch mix plant, the aggregate is dried first, then transferred to a mixer where it is mixed with the liquid asphalt.

In a drum mix plant, a rotary dryer serves to dry the aggregate and mix it with the liquid asphalt cement. 2. Hot mix asphalt concrete (commonly abbreviated as It was first recognized as a way to make HMAC or HMA) is produced by heating the asphalt road repairs quickly because it can be binder to decrease its viscosity, and drying the applied right from the container without aggregate to remove moisture from it prior to heating. mixing. Cold asphalt also doesn’t require any special Mixing is generally performed with the aggregate at heavy rolling machines or special about 300 °F (roughly 150 °C) for virgin asphalt applicators as it can be shovelled or poured and 330 °F (166 °C) for polymer modified asphalt, into a pothole or utility cut and tamped and the asphalt cement at 302 °F (150 °C). down with a hand tool.

Paving and compaction must be performed while the asphalt is sufficiently hot. 3. HMAC is used on high traffic pavements such as It is used by emulsifying the asphalt in water those on major highways, racetracks and airfields with (essentially) soap prior to mixing with Asphalt concrete has different performance the aggregate. While in its emulsified state characteristics in terms of surface durability, tire the asphalt is less viscous and the mixture is wear, braking efficiency and roadway noise. easy to work and compact. The emulsion will break after enough water evaporates and the cold mix will, ideally, take on the properties of cold HMAC Cold mix is commonly used as a patching material and

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-9 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

S.No Hot Mix Technology Cold Mix Technology on lesser trafficked service roads. 4. It is less expensive for new road construction It is less expensive to use for repair. It Completely seals and patches potholes, utility cuts, edge repairs, and even overlays. 5. It is expensive The demerit of this technology is that it is Less resilient and more vulnerable to cracking

3.5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROSPECTIVE

The various alternative measures proposed for minimizing the extent of environmental impacts and avoiding of sensitive environmental has been considered. The measures adopted for offsetting the impacts is discussed in Table 3-4.

Table 3-4: The measures adopted to minimize the Environmental Impact Criterion Measures Maintenance of Design Speed for traffic Geometrical improvement Road Safety Measures Intersection Improvements; Geometric improvements at curves drainage Provision of cross drain structure Reduction in Air and Noise Pollution Intersection improvements; aggressive tree plantations; good EMP Local Population displacement Limiting of development within PROW, SIA & RAP Minimization of Impact on Sensitive Receptors, Public consultations, Good EMP measures cultural and religious properties Minimization of Property acquisition Alignment selection, SIA & RAP Loss of Water body Design improvement Contamination due to Siltation / spillage Silt Fencing, Oil Interceptor Displacement of Commercial Properties Alignment Selection, SIA & RAP Minimization of Loss of Utility Lines Centre line alterations Minimization of Tree Loss Maximum effort shall be given to avoid avoidable tree felling Stabilization of Slope Turfing / Grass Pitching Accidental Road Kill of Fauna Provision of animal under pass, VUP, SUVP etc

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 3-10 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1. GENERAL

A preliminary assessment of physical and natural environment along the project corridor has been carried out. The environmental impacts due to the project has been studied and considered for mitigation through incorporation of suitable remedial measures in the design. The key environmental issues along with the remedial measures have been presented in the following sections.

4.2. STUDY AREA

The proposed Green highway project, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE-5 near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab. The Total length of proposed project is 75+543 Km. it passes through three district i.e Ludhiana, Barnala and Bathinda in the state of Punjab.

The area of influence of the project is defined considering MoEF&CC requirements (EIA notification, 14th Sept 2006) and other statutory requirements and the baseline conditions within the defined area documented. The primary baseline data should be collected within the right of way as well as area falling within 500 meters on either side of proposed alignment. As per MoEF&CC guidelines and Standard Terms of Reference (ToR)1 for conducting EIA, the geographical scope of the EIA study will be of 10 km radius for highway projects.

4.3. LAND ENVIRONMENT

Land use/Land Cover: The major land use/ land cover categories along the project road (1000 mts) are evident from Figure 4-1. A major part of the project corridor runs through productive agricultural land with crops - 95.27%, Built-up & Settlement – 4.16%, government land – 0.51% and forest area – 0.06%.

The land-use/ land cover distribution within 5 km of the proposed alignment witness presence of agricultural/ crop land – 94.99%, built-up area – 5.01%, Government Land – 0.47% and forest cover – 0.01%. The land-use distribution map within 5 km radius is shown in Figure 4-2.

The major settlements along the project corridor are Narangwal, Ballowal, Chamiuda, Gujjarwal, Sarabha, Shahpur, Toosa, Leel, Kailey, Halwara, Burj Littan, Nurpur, Burj Hari Singh Wala, Rupa Patti, Raikot, Jalaldiwal, Nathowal, Chak Bhai Ka, Gagewal, Sadowal, Chinniwal Khurd, Narengarh Sohia, Gehal, Bihla, Ramgarh, Deepgarh, Tallewal, Badhata, Sehna, Sandhu Kalan, Ballo Ke, Phule Wala, Dhapali, Harnam Sigh Wala, Sadhana. Land use along the project road is predominantly agricultural land, followed by vegetation.

1 http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/final%20Booklet.pdf

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Figure 4-1: General Land Use Pattern Within 1 km

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Figure 4-2: General Land Use Pattern Within 5 km

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Land Utilization Pattern of project district

Bathinda district covers an area of 3367 sq.km. which is located in southern part of Punjab state out of which net sown area is 296000 Ha. The total forest area is 8000 Ha. The land use pattern is given in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1: Land use pattern of the project district (Bathinda) Sl No Particulars Area covered 1 Total Area of the District 3367 sq.km 2 Area under Forest 8000 Ha. 3 Net Sown area 296000 Ha. 4 Total Crop Area 556000 Ha. (Source: Ministry of Water Resources, Bathinda, Central Ground Water Board)

Barnala district covers an area of 1410 sq.km. which is located in southern part of Punjab out of which net sown area is 1240 sq km. The total forest area is 02 sq km. The land use pattern is given in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2: Land use pattern of the project district Sl No Land-sue Area covered (Sq.km) 1 Total Area of the District 1410 2 Area under Forest 02 3 Net Sown area 1240 4 Total Crop area 2610 (Source: Ministry of Water Resources, Sangrur, Central Ground Water Board)

Ludhiana district covers an area of 3860 sq.km. which is located in central part of Punjab out of which net sown area is 3250 sq km. The total forest area is 100 sq km. The land-use for Ludhiana districts are discussed in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3: Change in Land-Use for Sangrur S.No Land-Use Area Covered (Sq.km) 1. Forest Land 100 2. Net Sown area 3250 3. Net irrigated area 3060 (Source: Ministry of Water Resources, Sangrur, Central Ground Water Board)

Conclusion

Based on the land-use generated (land-use change) for the three district and comparison with district wise land-use distribution, it can be concluded that the total agricultural land affected (land-use change) in three districts is 448.74 Ha (4.49sq.km) due to proposed project account to 0.0006% of total agricultural land affected in three districts.

Geology

The project districts area are occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvium. In Ludhiana district there are no surface features worth to mention except that area is plain and major drains are Satluj and its tributaries and Budha nala.

Barnala district is part of Indo gangetic plain. The area is generally plain. The slope of the district is towards the south west direction. There is no well-defined drainage system in the area except some local drains like dhaula drain.

There are no surface features in the Bathinda District. The master slope of the area is towards Southwest.

The Geological map of state of Punjab with district area and project site superimposed over it is given in Figure 4-3

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Figure 4-3: Geological Map of Punjab with Proposed Alignment

Based on the Geological and Mineral distribution of Map of Punjab the mineral reserve in the project districts are mostly red drift sand to loam with Kankar, Sticky Clay, pebbles, gravels and Cobble in adjoining foot hill.

Geomorphology and Soil Types

The district area is occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvial. In Bathinda District the soil is mostly sandy. The district has two types of soils, the arid brown soils and siezoram soils. The arid brown soils are calcareous in nature, these soils are imperfectly to moderately drained. Salinity and alkalinity are the principal problems of this soil. In siezoram soils the accumulation of calcium carbonate is in amorphous or concretionary form (kankar). Presence of high amount of calcium carbonate and poor fertility is the main problem of this soil.

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The arid brown soils are found in mostly eastern parts of the district and siezoram soils are found in the western part of the district.

In Barnala district the slope of the area is towards the south west direction. There is no well-defined drainage system in the area except some local drains like dhaula drain. The Soils of in the district is loamy sand and sandy loam kaller land is also spotted at a few places.

Ludhiana district is mostly plain and major drains are Satluj and its tributaries and Budha nala. Soil is the material resulting from the consistent influence of climate, topography and the natural vegetation over a long period of time. The soil characteristics are influenced to a very limited extent by the topography, vegetation and parent rock. The variations in soil profile characteristics are much more pronounced because of the regional climatic differences. The soil of this zone has developed under semi-arid condition. The soil is sandy loam to clayey with normal reaction (pH from 7.8 to 8.5).

Based on the soil map of Punjab state, the project district passes through Coarse Loamy Calcareous soil, coarse loamy sand, calcareous soil, sandy loam soil, coarse loamy soil with moderate salinity and sodicity and fine loamy calcareous soil.

Project Alignment

Figure 4-4: Soil Map of Punjab and Project Alignment

Physiography and Terrain

Punjab is located in South and Central part of the Punjab State. Punjab region is enclosed between Himalayan region in the north and desert from the south. Punjab is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir in north; Himachal Pradesh in east, Rajasthan and Haryana in south while international border with Pakistan Province of Punjab. Ensuing points provides topography of the project roads.

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The topography of the project alignment is almost flat with slight undulations and gradually sloping from East to Western direction. The maximum and minimum elevation recorded in the area taken up for investigation is as follows: ► Maximum: 247 mtrs. Above mean sea level ► Minimum: 214 mtrs. Above mean sea level

Figure 4-5: Elevation Map of Alignment

Drainage:

In Bathinda District no river is flowing through the area, but there are some drains which flow during heavy rains and serve as natural drainage. The main drains are Chand Bhan Drain and Bassian out fall Drain. The main canals are Bathinda branch, Ghaggar branch and the Kotla branch of the Sirhind canal. The Bhakhra main canal runs along the southern part of the area. All the canals are unlined, except for Bhakhra main canal which is lined. These constitute the main canal network originate from the Ropar barrage on Satluj river at Ropar. The main canals in the area which feed the various distributaries and minor canals are the Bathinda branch and Kotla branch canal originated from Sirhind canal. The entire canals have south- westerly courses.

In Barnala District there is no well defined drainage system in the area except some local drains like dhaula drain. This drain carry flood water when heavy rainfall occurs in the catchment area. Abohar branch of Sirhind canal system passes in south eastern part of the block. The entire canal belongs to Sirhind canal system of Bhakhra main canal. Soils of the district is loamy sand and sandy loam kaller land is also spotted at a few places.

Ludhiana

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Figure 4-6: Drainage Map of Punjab State

Earthquake & Seismicity: The proposed project section passes through Bathinda, Barnala and Ludhiana districts which falls in seismic zone III as per IS 1893(Part-1):2002. The Seismic zone of the project zone is depicted in Figure 4-7.

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Figure 4-7: The Global Seismic Hazard Map of Punjab State

The Global Seismic Hazard Map Data for Punjab is shown in Figure 4-7. The proposed project area traverses through district of Bathinda, Barnala and Ludhiana. Bathinda and Barnala falls in Zone -III Moderate Hazard Zone and Ludhiana falls under Zone -IV (High Damage Risk Zone (MSK-VIII) as per IS 1893 (Part –I):2002. Considering the risk factor, the bridge and other structure will be design as per Zone - IV & V (High Hazard Zone & Very High Damage Risk Zone as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002.

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Table 4-4: Few Noticeable Incidence of Earthquake in Punjab Kangra Earthquake (4th 1. Major part of Himachal and Punjab was affected. April 1905) The epicenter was close to Kandi area of Punjab and due to Dharamshala earthquake of this earthquake six people were reported killed, thirty injured 2. 26th April 1986: and 85% of the houses were reported damaged in Dharmasala area. Between 750 to 2000 people killed in the Gharwal region. It Uttarkashi earthquake of 3. was also felt very strongly in Uttar Pradesh, Chandigarh, 21st October 1991 (M: 6.8): Delhi, Haryana and Punjab. The earthquake resulted in more than 80,000 deaths in Pakistan earthquake of 8th 4. northern Pakistan and adjoining parts of Jammu & Kashmir, October 2005 (M: 7.6): India. A light earthquake occurred in northern Punjab along the Punjab earthquake of 14th Punjab-Himachal Pradesh border on 14 March 2010 at 12:23 5. March 2010 (M: 4.5): A PM local time in India. It had a magnitude of Mb=4.5 and was felt over a wide area due to its depth.

Flooding Hazard: The State of Punjab suffers mainly from two natural hazards, i.e. flood and earthquakes. In Punjab, damages due to floods are caused mainly by the river Ravi, Sutlej and Ghaggar, which have a common delta. As depicted in Figure 4-8 Bhatinda have lesser vulnerability. The flood affected districts of Punjab as reported by IMD is shown in Figure below. The flood vulnerable regions are mainly close to river area especially in northern districts of Punjab.

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Figure 4-8: Flood Prone Area of Punjab

Draught:

Punjab generally suffers drought due to inadequate rainfall during monsoon season. The State was experienced drought in 1978, 1979, 1985, 1987, 2002 and 2004, both in rural and urban areas. In 1987, a major drought was experienced in the State but in 2002, the intensity of the drought has made the situation much more acute and has broken the back of the farming community. The State Government declared all the 17 districts in the State as drought affected2.

2 http://www.punenvis.nic.in/index1.aspx

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4.4. AIR ENVIRONMENT

4.4.1. Meteorology

Climate

The climate of project region is typically subtropical. The climate of Punjab is mainly influenced by the Himalayas in the north and the Thar Desert in the south and south-west. The Project districts and also state experience three distinct seasons, the hot season from April to June, the rainy season from July to September and the winter season extending from October to March. Punjab state is determined by the extreme hot and extreme cold conditions. The highest temperature (between 44.2° and 44.7° C) in the state is recorded in the month of June and the lowest (between 0° and 2.2°C) in December.

Temperature starts rising from middle of February and from about the beginning of March increase rapidly till June which is generally the hottest month. The mean daily maximums temperature during June is around 104F(40C) and the mean daily minimum is around 80.6F (27°C). The heat is intense in summer. On individual days, the day temperature may occasionally exceed 116F (47°C) or 118.4F(48°C). After October, both day and night temperatures decrease rapidly. January is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 68F (20°C) and the mean daily minimum at about 56.6F (7°C). In winter, particularly in January and February, cold waves in the wake of passing western disturbances affect the district and the minimum temperature occasionally drops down below the freezing point of water.

Figure 4-9: Average Temperature Graph for Bhatinda District3

3 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/bhatinda-weather-averages/punjab/in.aspx

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Figure 4-10: Average Temperature Graph for Barnala District4

Figure 4-11:Average Yearly Graph (2020) for Ludhiana District5

Conclusion: Based on the temperature graph it can be concluded that the temperature of project district ranges between 7°C during winter (January) to 45°C during summer (June). The road construction should consider the temperature variation for design and usage of pavement materials. The temperature use should withstand the extreme variation in temperature.

4 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/barnala-weather-averages/punjab/in.aspx

5 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/en-in/ludhiana-weather-averages/punjab/in.aspx

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Rainfall:

The average annual rainfall received in Punjab state in the year 2019 was 649mm. The average annual rainfall received by the project district i.e Ludhiana (681mm), Barnala (504mm) and Bathinda (408mm) as per CGWA, district report. Based on the Figure 4-16, Figure 4-13 and Figure 4-14 it can be conclude that the decadal rainfall received by all the project district shows that the maximum rainfall is received in month of July and August.

In al three districts the maximum (about 73 per cent) falling in the months of July to September, July being the wettest month. The rainfall in the district increases from south-west towards the northeast and varies from about 408 mm, at Bathinda to about 681 mm at Ludhiana. There is some rain, mostly in the form of thundershowers, during the pre-monsoon month of June. Some rain is also received with passing western disturbances during winter. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is large. In the 17-year period 1954 to 1970, it is seen that the highest annual rain- fall in the district amounting to 18.2 per cent of the normal occurred in 1955. The lowest annual rainfall which was 58 per cent of the normal occurred in 1965.

On an average, there are 27 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more) in a year in the district. This number varies from about 24 at Bathinda to about 30 at Ludhiana. The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours recorded in the district was 377.5 mm on 9 August 1976 at Barnala. The decadal rainfall data for project districts are given in Figure 4-12, Figure 4-13 and Figure 4-14.

Figure 4-12: The Decadal Rainfall Graph (2009 – 2020) for Ludhiana

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Figure 4-13: The Decadal Rainfall Graph (2009 – 2020) for Barnala District

Figure 4-14: The Decadal Rainfall Graph (2009 – 2020) for Bathinda District6

The month wise rainfall in mm as reported by customized Rainfall Information System, Hydromet Division, IMD for year 2014 to 2018 for all the three district are given in Table 4-5, Table 4-6 and Table 4-7.

6 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/bhatinda-weather-averages/punjab/in.aspx

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The district wise comparative data shows that out of three project district maximum rainfall in a month in last five year is maximum received by Ludhiana (338.6mm in month of September. The other two project district received maximum rainfall in month of August i.e Bathinda which is 176mm and Barnala receives 210mm rainfall in month July in last five years.

The minimum or no rainfall month in last five years is maximum for Barnala district which is almost for 5 years in 2016. The wettest year for all the three district is for Bathinda which receives rainfall in all the month of 2014.

Table 4-5: Last five years Rainfall Received (mm) of Bathinda district (2014-2018) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2014 11.0 24.1 29.0 13.5 29.0 32.2 64 2.9 119.2 1.3 4.8 0.3 2015 21.0 13.0 80.0 7.5 13.0 22.3 101 73.9 63.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 Bathinda 2016 0.7 7.5 37.5 0.0 25.8 19.7 92.4 176.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2017 11.6 0.0 2.7 9.7 1.3 141.8 32.5 101.7 34.8 0.0 13 7.7 2018 15.0 2.0 3.7 9.3 11.6 37.1 93.3 25.0 74.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source: customized Rainfall Information System, Hydromet Division, IMD

Table 4-6: Last five years Rainfall Received (mm) of Barnala District (2014-2018) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2014 0.3 5.5 12.1 15.6 9.3 11.2 10.4 6.6 33.2 6.5 0.0 13.6 2015 11.2 1.0 17.3 29.3 11.0 44.0 54.6 56.6 85.0 23.5 0.0 0.0 Barnala 2016 2.0 13.6 9.0 0.0 41 38.0 210 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2017 21 - 9.0 10 0.0 172 15.0 42.3 47.0 0.0 10.0 7.5 2018 10.5 1.0 0.0 16.5 0.0 105 106.5 160 169.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source: customized Rainfall Information System, Hydromet Division, IMD

Table 4-7: Last five years Rainfall Received (mm) of Ludhiana District (2014-2018) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2014 30.0 17.9 26.0 17.5 27.2 19.8 90.8 32.2 78.8 5.0 0.0 14.6 2015 19.1 20.6 73.5 44.6 19.4 25.8 222.3 113.6 73.7 8.3 0.5 1.0 Ludhiana 2016 16.6 5.8 21.2 0.0 16.2 73.5 153.7 70.2 8.8 4.1 2.2 1.3 2017 36.1 3.1 26.9 10.7 12.2 106.8 92 153.4 111.0 0.0 6.9 17.8 2018 11.2 20.9 6.5 6.8 8.3 113.3 224.1 84.2 338.6 0.0 2.3 0.9 Source: customized Rainfall Information System, Hydromet Division, IMD

Conclusion:

Based on the decadal graphs of rainfall and last five-year rainfall data for project district we can conclude that the area receives moderate rainfall in a year. all the cross drains structure and bridge design should consider the recent rainfall data and historic 100 years rainfall data published by Central Water Commission (CWC).

Windspeed:

The incidence of wind and storm has been reported in Punjab state in past. The recent incident was reported on 6th march 2020, wheat and mustard crops were damaged. Along with winds the district of Bathinda received 27.5 mm rainfall in 24 hours.

Another similar incidence took place on 17th April, 2019 which has damaged tremendous amount of standing wheat crops in Punjab and Haryana state.

Due to heavy dust storm, more than 100 were killed in state of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh on May04, 2018. A high wind speed of 105kmph kill 3 men and injured more than 60 person in State of Punjab and Haryana; 16 September, 2013. The Wind Hazard Map of Punjab is depicted in Figure 4-15.

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Figure 4-15: Wind Hazard Map of Punjab State with Proposed Alignment

Based on the wind Hazard Map it can be concluded Bathinda District falls in High Damage Risk Zone and Barnala and Ludhiana District falls in very High Damage Risk Zone-B (Vb=50m/s). Hence during designing of structure and safety and signboard should be resilience to such wind speed. Care need to be taken that plan species selected for plantation should have deep rooting system and does not grow very high.

The decadal wind speed from 2009 to 2020 is depicted in Figure 4-16, Figure 4-16 and Figure 4-18. The max monthly average for wind, gust are represented. More than 20kmph has been reported since 2018 in all the three district.

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Figure 4-16: The Decadal Windspeed & Gust Graph (2009 – 2020) for Bathinda District7

Figure 4-17: The Decadal Windspeed & Gust Graph (2009 – 2020) for Barnala District8

7 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/bhatinda-weather-averages/punjab/in.aspx

8 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/en-in/barnala-weather-averages/punjab/pk.aspx

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Figure 4-18: The Decadal Windspeed & Gust Graph (2009 – 2020) for Ludhiana District9

Conclusion:

It can be concluded form historic data that during designing of structure and safety and signboard along the Proposed green Field National Highway should be resilience to such wind speed. Care need to be taken that plan species selected for plantation should have deep rooting system and does not grow very high.

4.5. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

4.5.1. Air Quality

To have an idea about existing pollution level or air quality index, monitoring has been scheduled as per the guideline of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guideline. The collection, methodology adopted for analysis, duration of sampling and parameters to be monitored will be as per CPCB guideline for each environmental attribute. The result generated after primary baseline monitoring will be used for prediction of Air Quality Index and for fugitive dust emission and air quality modeling. This will help us to predict the incremental level above the baseline data with and without project scenario, during construction and operation phase of the project.

4.5.2. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the proposed alignment forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are industrial, traffic, urban and

9 https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/en-in/barnala-weather-averages/punjab/pk.aspx

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rural activities. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the plant operation. The study area represents mostly rural environment.

4.5.3. Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey

The baseline status of the ambient air quality will be assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations: ► Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis; ► Topography of the study area; ► Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; ► Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations will be set up at two locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points and seeing the sensitivity of an area. The Monitoring location will be within 500 meters from the proposed alignment excluding the construction zone.

4.5.4. Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

The following frequency has been adopted for sampling: Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out with a frequency of two days per week during study period (Sep – Dec, 2020). The baseline data of air environment will be monitored for parameters mentioned below as per revised MoEF&CC notification dated 16th November 2009: ► Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10); ► Fine Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5); ► Sulphur dioxide (SO2); ► Nitrogen dioxide (NO2); ► Carbon monoxide (CO);

The air samples will be analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Organization (APHA).

4.5.5. Duration of Sampling

The sampling duration for Suspended Particulate Matter -PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx will be twenty-four hourly continuous samples per day and CO will be sampled for 8 hours continuously thrice a day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (16th November 2009).

4.5.6. Sampling Locations:

Seven Sampling locations for Ambient Air Quality are finalized based on the prevalent wind direction referring to Climatological Table from 1980 to 2010, Sensitive receptors and pollution source. Two Sampling locations have been finalized as listed in Table 4-8. The ambient air Quality Monitoring Location is also shown in Figure 4-19.

Table 4-8: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations S. No Locations Project Distance & GPS Points Environmental Area Direction Settings (Chainage) NAAQM1 Bhaini 76+290 540m/West 30°20'47.26"N / Rural/Residential 75° 9’52.39”E NAAQM2 Dhapali 67+00 450 m/ South 30°22'6.68"N/ Rural /Residential 75°16'0.39"E NAAQM3 Sandhu Kalan 60+300 270m/ Norh 30°24'11.64"N/ Rural/ Residential

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S. No Locations Project Distance & GPS Points Environmental Area Direction Settings (Chainage) 75°19'12.02"E NAAQM4 Gehal 35+800 510m/ East 30°32'55.52"N/ Rural/ Residential 75°26'46.18"E NAAQM5 Raikot 22+250 750m/ East 30°39'9.42"N/ Urban/ Residential 75°35'0.18"E NAAQM6 Halwara 11+500 850m/ North 30°43'19.17"N/ Urban/ 75°38’38.23”E Commercial NAAQM7 Ballowal 00+500 440m/North 30°46'3.07"N/ Rural/ Residential 75°44'53.21"E

The primary air quality monitoring was carried out during the Post Monsoon Season (September to December) in 2020. Based on the ambient air quality monitoring result it can be concluded that the existing air quality for parameters like SO2, NO2, CO and O3 are well within the permissible limit of national ambient air quality standards except for PM 2.5 and PM 10 which exceeds limit. Out of seven selected location the average PM10 values exceeds at all the monitoring Location. The Average PM10 values varies between 123.9µg/m³ to 101.57 µg/m³. The average PM2.5 values exceed the permissible limit at NAAQ1 (Bhaini) which is 62.3 µg/m³. The results of the ambient air quality monitoring are given in Table 4-9. Figure 4-20 to Figure 4-21 shows different level of air quality for monitored parameters with respective standard.

Table 4-9: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO O3

(µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) Limit as per 180(1 100 60 80 80 4000 NAAS/CPCB hourly) NAAQ1 Max 145.3 75 13.1 21.2 1.13 29.72 Min 98 47 7.2 12.7 0.5 17.28 Avg 123.9 62.3 10.4 17.3 0.81 21.43 NAAQ2 Max 141 68.6 12.7 21 1.12 24.76 Min 89 42.7 6.8 11.6 0.47 11.04 Avg 115.35 57.12 9.64 16.11 0.75 16.83 NAAQ3 Max 135 59.4 12.2 19.3 1.03 26.99 Min 69 30.4 4.6 9 0.38 11.55 Avg 102.11 46.46 8.53 14.29 0.67 17.82 NAAQ4 Max 129.3 68.5 11.6 18.8 1 26.36 Min 87 46.1 6.2 11.7 0.43 14.72 Avg 108.38 55.34 9.07 15.13 0.71 18.74 NAAQ5 Max 127.3 76.6 11.5 18.5 0.99 25.94 Min 80 43.4 6.1 10.4 0.43 14.4 Avg 105.93 58.77 8.87 14.8 0.69 18.29 NAAQ6 Max 119.3 61.3 10.9 17.3 1 24.26 Min 77 40.8 5.6 11.3 0.39 13.71 Avg 101.57 51.5 8.52 14.16 0.67 17.62 NAAQ7 Max 123.3 63.4 11.4 17.9 1.03 25.1 Min 81 42.9 5.9 11.8 0.41 14.31 Avg 105.57 53.54 8.86 14.71 0.69 18.31

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Plate -1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Location

Air Quality Monitoring at Bhaini Village Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Dhapali Village

Air Quality Monitoring at Ballowal Village Air Quality Monitoring at Gehal Village

Air Quality Monitoring at Halwara Village Air Quality Monitoring at Sandhu Kalan Village

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Figure 4-19: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

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Figure 4-20: Comparative PM-10 Monitoring Result

Figure 4-21: Comparative PM-2.5 Monitored Value for 7 Locations

Result & Discussion: 1. The monitored PM-10 Values exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standard i.e 100µg/m³ at all monitored location. 2. The Monitored PM-2.5 values exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard i.e 60 µg/m³ at 5 locations out of 7 locations. 3. All the other parameters are within CPCB standard limits. Conclusion: it can be concluded that the PM10 (at all seven locations) and PM2.5 (5 locations) monitored values exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standard within the study area due to Paddy Harvesting activities.

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4.6. NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses. Increase in noise level effect the breeding and feeding of wildlife. Sometime higher noise level affects the Eco sensitive habitat of wild animals and birds.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on: ► Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness; ► The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and ► The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.

Identification of Sampling Location:

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities in the village area and ambient noise due to traffic.

The noise monitoring will be conducted to determine ambient noise levels in the study area. The noise levels at each location will be recorded for 24 hours.

Method of Monitoring:

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements will be measured at all locations. The readings will be taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels will be monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels will be monitored from 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area. The Details of proposed Noise Monitoring Locations are given in Table 4-10.

Monitoring Locations:

Based on the primary survey, Ten monitoring location has been selected. The selections of monitoring locations are based on the CPCB guideline for selection of monitoring location. The monitoring locations for Ambient Noise level with respect to air are given in Table 4-10. The ambient noise level monitoring location area given in Figure 4-22

Table 4-10: Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations S. No Locations Chainage Distance/ GPS Points Category Direction N1 Narangwal 00+000 500 meters/ 30°45'57.06"N/ Mixed land use Kalan South East 75°45'47.45"E N2 Sarabha 05+200 250m/ 30°44'45.06"N/ Rural/ Residential North 75°42'29.87"E N3 Toosa 08+550 200m/ 30°43'47.63"N/ Rural/ Residential North 75°40'37.87"E N4 Halwara 13+000 450m/ 30°43'19.17"N/ Urban/Commercial North 75°38’38.23”E N5 Raikot 22+500 650m/ 30°39'15.12"N/ Urban/ Mixed South 75°34'44.04"E N6 Nathowal 30+250 300m/ 30°36'25.86"N/ Rural/ Mixed

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South 75°30'52.20"E N7 Ramgarh 45+900 450m/ 30°30'46.74"N/ Rural/ Residential North 75°23'39.33"E N8 Badhata 51+000 150m/ East 30°27'59.97"N/ Rural/ Mixed 75°22'40.89"E N9 Sandhu Kalan 60+750 200m/ Norh 30°24'4.33"N/ Rural/ Mixed 75°19'2.21"E N10 Sadhana 72+100 250m/ 30°21'25.09"N/ Rural North 75°12'35.70"E

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has published Ambient Noise Standard with respect to air for different Category Area/Zone and had given limit in dB (A) for Day and Night time with respective category. The Noise standards issued by CPCB are given in Table 4-11:

Table 4-11: Ambient Noise Level for different Zone/Category Area Limits in dB(A) Leq Area Code Category of Area/Zone Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silent Zone 50 40

The average, maximum, minimum noise level with respected to air in the project area are given in Table 4-12. Based on the primary data we can conclude that the noise levels are within the permissible limit. Table 4-12 given monitoring result with the respective CPCB standard.

Table 4-12: Ambient Noise Monitoring results N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. S. No day Night day Night day Night day Night day Night Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Results 53.64 39.15 51.70 40.13 49.67 38.65 50.89 39.16 51.13 40.76 Residential area/ Silent 55 45 55 45 55 45 65 55 55 45 Zone (Standard)

N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. S.No day Night day Night day Night day Night day Night Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Time Results 51.86 39.75 50.35 37.89 51.23 40.99 51.45 39.56 50.37 40.16 Residential area/ Silent Zone 55 45 55 45 55 45 55 45 55 45 (Standard)

Result and Conclusion:

Based on monitoring result it has been concluded that, the Day and Night time noise level are within the permissible limits of residential area.

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Plate -2: Photographs of Noise monitoring

Ambient Noise Monitoring at Sarabha (Near Gurudwara) Ambient Noise Monitoring at Badhata Village

Ambient Noise Monitoring at Halwara Primary School Monitoring at Narangwal Kalan School

Monitoring at Raikot Village Monitoring Near Overhead Tank Ramgarh

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Monitoring at Sadhana Village Near Senior Secondary Monitoring at Sandhu Kalan Village School

Monitoring At Toosa Village near Gurudwara Sahib Monitoring at Nathowal Village

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Figure 4-22: Ambient Noise Monitoring Location

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4.7. WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.7.1. Ground Water Resource:

Bathinda district as per CGWA report, the stage of ground water resource varies between 67% (Sangat Kalan to 255% (at Block Phul). The net annual ground water availability in Bathinda district is 101681 Ham out of this 4500 Ham has been kept reserved for domestic and industrial purposes upto 2025 years. The present net ground water draft in the district is 121452 Ham. The average level of ground water development in the district is 119% and falls in Over Exploited category.

During the Pre-monsoon the depth to water level in the district varies from 20.39 m bgl (western and southern part) to 16.50 m.bgl (Northern part). During the Post-monsoon, the depth to water level is in the same pattern as in pre-monsoon. The water level varies from 2.24 to 20.76 m.bgl.

The proposed project alignment passes through Block – Rampura & Phul. The Rampura Block falls in Critical Zone and Phul Block falls in Over Exploited Zone.

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Figure 4-23: Block wise Categorization for Stage of Ground Water Development

Barnala district as per CGWA report, the stage of ground water resource varies between 149% (Ghanaur) to 409% (Patran). The net ground water resource of Barnala district have been estimated to be 1490.83 MCM and the gross ground water draft of the district is 2911.65 mcm leaving behind a shortfall of (-) 1443.30 MCM.

The depth to water level ranges from 14.43 to 20.62 m bgl during pre-monsoon period and 16.99 to 24.28m bgl during post monsoon period. The proposed project alignment passes through Block Sehna, Barnala & Maha Kalan as per CGWA Block Map for Barnala District. All the three block falls in Over Exploited Zone as per CGWA Report10. The Block Map for Barnala District is given in Figure 4-24.

10 CGWA%20Report%20Punjab/barnala%20CGWA%20Report.pdf

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Figure 4-24: Block wise Categorization for Stage of Ground Water Development – Barnala

Ludhiana district as per CGWA report, the stage of ground water resource s of the order of 144 %. The net ground water resource of Ludhiana district have been estimated to be 203448 HAM and the gross ground water draft of the district is 334616 HAM leaving behind a shortfall of (-) 147057 HAM. All the block falls in Over Exploited Zone as per CGWA Report11.

During the pre-monsoon period depth to water level varies between 4.32 to 31.22 m bgl and in post monsoon it ranges between 2.89-27.30 m bgl.

Conclusion:

11 CGWA%20Report%20Punjab/Ludhiana%20CHWA.pdf

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Based on the Stage of Ground water development for all the project district and the respective block through which alignment has been proposed falls in Over Exploited Zone. While design the road, the design and construction stage should propose Rain Water Harvesting as per the NHAI Norms. The extraction of ground should be well regulated and minimization for use/ extraction of ground water should be taken care off.

Tapping of rainwater should be enhance as the labour camps by reacting artificial ponds and water harvesting wells.

4.8. GROUND WATER

4.8.1. Ground Water Quality

Based on the CGWA district brochure report with respect to ground water quality, in Bathinda district is alkaline in nature with pH values ranging from 7.54pH to 8.0 pH. EC of waters show wide variations, it ranges from 288 S/cm at Dhapoli Tappa to 3490 S/cm at 25°C at Ghuda. Hardness as CaCO3 ranging from 40 to 1451 mg/l. Among cations, the concentration of calcium ranges from 11 mg/l at Rampur Phulla to 216 mg/l at Raike Kalan whereas magnesium concentration ranges between 3.8 mg/l at Rampur Phulla and 228 mg/l at Ghuda. Calcium content is within the permissible limit of 200 mg/l (BIS). Likewise, magnesium, in most of the waters, is below 100mg/l. Sodium concentration varies widely from 12 mg/l at Dera Tappa to 570 mg/l at Bhagi Bhandar, whereas potassium concentration ranges from 3.2 mg/l at Dhapali to 325 mg/l at Dial purmirza. In majority of the samples, the potassium content is less than 100 mg/l.

In Barnala CGWB has carried out studies for chemical quality of ground water in the area. The ground water of the district is alkaline in nature. The EC in the area ranges from 595 to 1260 Micromhos/cm. Nitrate values ranges between 0.40 to 200 mg/l and fluoride concentration ranges from 0.45 to 5.0 mg/l.

The ground water Quality for Ludhiana District is slightly alkaline in nature (pH varies between 7.25-7.90). also ground water is fresh to moderate saline (Ec varies between 550-1320micromomhos/cm at 25 0C. All the chemical parameters are well with in the permissible limits for safe drinking water set by BIS 1991 revised in 2007 exfcept for NO3 at Bhalolpur (52 mg/l), Muskabad (8 mg/l), Kohara (104 mg/l), Begowal (56mg/l) , and Serian (57 mg/l).

The suitability of ground water for Irrigation is generally assessed by the factors of salinity (EC), Sodium absorption ratio (SAR) & Residual Sodium carbonate (RSC). These parameters range between 550-1320 microsiemens /cm at 250 C, 0.29-3.64 and (-) 1.68 to 4.08 respectively.

4.8.2. Water Quality Monitoring:

Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10 km radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the project. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to: ► Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; ► Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and ► Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources.

Methodology:

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Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on: ► Drainage pattern; ► Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact areas; and ► Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.

Two groundwater and samples covering 10 km radial distance were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the quality of surface and ground water. The samples will be analyzed as per the procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

Water Sampling Locations:

Water samples will be collected from 10 locations (5 grab samples from ground water & 5 samples form surface water). These grab samples and will be analysed for various parameters to compare with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500 (2012) for ground water sources and surface water sources. The water sampling locations are identified in Table 4-13. The surface and ground water sampling location is given in

Table 4-13: Surface and Ground Water Sampling Locations along proposed Alignment S. No Locations Chainage Distance/ GPS Points Environmental Setting (Project Direction area) GW1 Halwara 13+000 250m/ North 30°43'8.86"N/ Settlements area, Tube 75°38'19.27"E well GW2 Nathowal 30+800 280m/North 30°36'17.51"N/ Tube well, Agricultural 75°30'32.82"E Field GW3 Badhata 50+500 510m/ East 30°28'9.88"N/ Tube well, Agricultural 75°23'1.00"E Field GW4 Sandhu Kalan 61+100 25m/ South 30°23'56.63"N/ Tube well, Settlement 75°18'45.36"E GW5 Sadhana 72+600 180m/ North 30°21'26.18"N/ Tube Well, Settlement 75°12'17.40"E SW1 Ballowal 00+500 m 100 m/ South 30°45'48.32"N/ Irrigation Canal 75°45'14.03"E SW2 Nathowal 30+050 140m/ North 30°36'25.86"N/ Ponds 75°30'52.20"E SW3 Ramgarh 46+800 - 30°30'3.38"N/ Canal 75°23'43.13"E SW4 Phule Wala 64+000 210m/ North 30°23'10.06"N/ Pond 75°17'6.08"E SW5 Harman Singh 69+500 110m/ North 30°21'58.43"N/ Pond Wala 75°14'9.62"E

Plate 3: Photographs Ground Water Sampling Location

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Ground Water Sampling at Badhata Village Ground Water Sampling at Sadhana Village

Ground Water Sampling at Sandhu Kalan Village Ground Water Sampling at Nathowal Village

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Figure 4-25: Surface and Ground water Sampling Locations

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Table 4-14: Ground Water Monitoring Result S.NO Parameters Unit GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 Desirable Permissible limit limit 1 Temperature - 24.8 24 23.9 24.5 24.3 - -

2 Colour Hazen <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5 15

3 Odour - Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeable Agreeable e e e e e 4 Taste - Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeable Agreeable e e e e e 5 pH - 7.52 7.16 7.23 6.98 7.69 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 6 Turbidity NTU 2.52 3.5 2.8 3.6 4.5 1 5

7 Total Dissolved mg/l 455 298 125 483 588 500 2000 Solids,(TDS) 8 Fluoride,(F) mg/l 0.41 0.26 0.12 0.37 0.58 1 1.5

9 Total Alkalinity,(CaCO3) mg/l 286 180 95 185 315 200 600

10 Total Hardness,(CaCO3) mg/l 315 140 116 234 442 200 600 11 Calcium,(Ca) mg/l 56.6 32.1 28 42 84 75 200

12 Chloride,(Cl) mg/l 55.4 20.4 12 43 37 250 1000 13 Magnesium,(Mg) mg/l 48.11 26.322 22.4 34.02 71.4 30 100

14 Nitrate,(NO3 ) mg/l 1.52 1.01 1.17 1.92 4.16 45 No Relaxation 15 Sulphate,(SO4) mg/l 32.2 19.3 86 21.7 17.2 200 400 16 Boron,(B) mg/l ND ND ND ND ND 0.5 1.0

17 Aluminium,(Al) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.03 0.2

18 Arsenic,(As) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.05 No Relaxation 19 Cadmium,(Cd) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.003 No Relaxation 20 Chromium,(Cr) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.05 No Relaxation 21 Copper,(Cu) mg/l 0.17 0.15 0.09 0.33 0.21 0.05 No Relaxation 22 Iron,(Fe) mg/l 0.18 0.23 0.16 0.18 0.14 0.3 No relaxation 23 Lead,(Pb) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.05 No Relaxation 24 Manganese,(Mn) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.1 0.3

25 Mercury,(Hg) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.001 No Relaxation 26 Selenium,(Se) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.01 No Relaxation 27 Zinc,(Zn) mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 5 15 28 Anionic mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D Detergent,(MBAS) 29 Mineral Oil mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D <0.001 No Relaxation 30 Phenolic mg/l N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.000 1 No Compound,(C6H5OH) relaxation

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S.NO Parameters Unit GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 Desirable Permissible limit limit 31 Total Coliform Count Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Not Not detectable Detectable 32 Escherichia coli Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Not Not detectable Detectable

Conclusion:

Based on the ground water quality assessment for proposed five locations. It can be concluded from the monitored result that turbidity reported all the five location exceeds the permissible limit which is 1 NTU. The turbidity reported is between 2.52 to 4.5 NTU. The total dissolve solid at GW5 (Sadhana Village) exceed the permissible limit (500mg/l) which is 588mg/l. Total Hardness exceed the permissible limits (200mg/l) at three locations out of five selected locations. The monitored hardness level varies between 116 to 442mg/l.

The level of magnesium exceed the permissible limits (30mg/l) at location GW1 (48.11mg/l), GW4 (34.02mg/l) and GW5 (71.4mg/l). the level copper exceed the permissible limits (0.05mg/l) at GW1 (0.09mg/l). All over monitored parameters are within the permissible limits of IS: 10,500(2012).

Plate -4: Photographs of Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations

Surface Water Sampling at Harsingh Wala Village Surface Water Sampling at Ballowal Village Pond (69+500km) Irrigation Canal (00+500km)

Surface Water Sampling form Irrigation Canal at Surface Water Sampling at Nathwol Village Pond Ramgarh Village (48+500km) (30+050 km)

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Table 4-15: Surface Water Monitoring Result S. No Test Parameter Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 Surface Water Quality Standard s (as per IS: 2296); Class -C 1 Temperature oC 27.1 28.4 25.5 26.7 27.1 2 Colour Hazen 14 16 17 15 14 Odourles Odourles Odourles Odourles Odourles 3 Odour … s s s s s 4 pH … 7.08 7.61 7.01 8.01 7.92 8.5 5 Total Dissolved Solids,(TDS) mg/L 106 358.8 110 560 751.3 1500

0 6 Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD3d27 C) mg/L 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.0 2.9 3 7 Chemical Oxygen Demand,(COD) mg/L 21 15 18 16 17 8 Calcium,(Ca) mg/L 14 52 13.4 125 180 9 Turbidity NTU 4.5 3 4 3.5 4.8

10 Total Hardness,(CaCO3) mg/L 90 145 85 190 300 11 Dissolved Oxygen(DO) mg/L 7.2 6 5.5 4.5 3.5 4

12 Anionic Detergent,(MBAS) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 1 13 Magnesium,(Mg) mg/L 76.5 123.25 72.25 161.5 255 14 Chloride,(Cl) mg/L 14 52 13.4 12.5 180 600

15 Conductivity µs/cm 161 552 169 903 1156

16 Nitrate,(NO3) mg/L 0.83 1.1 0.16 2.68 3.19 50

17 Sulphate,(SO4) mg/L 11.6 42.3 9.6 92.1 114.3 400 18 Potassium,(K) mg/L 11.5 13.2 14 15 18 19 Fluoride,(F)* mg/L 0.14 0.32 0.18 0.63 0.49 1.5 20 Chromium,(Cr+6 ) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.05 21 Cyanide,(CN) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 22 Cadmium,(Cd) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.01 23 Sodium,(Na) mg/L 86 88 92.4 91 87.3 24 Copper,(Cu) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 1.5 25 Iron,(Fe) mg/L 0.07 0.16 0.11 0.29 0.32 50 26 Boron,(B) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.

27 Zinc,(Zn) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 15 28 Manganese,(Mn) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.

29 Phenolic Compound,(C6H5OH) mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.005 30 Mineral Oil mg/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 31 Total Coliform Count MPN/100mL 215 205 217 231 237 5000 32 Fecal Coliform (FC) MPN/100mL 173 141 158 119 134

Conclusion:

Based on the surface water monitored result it can be concluded that all the monitored sample is within the Surface Water Quality Standards (as per IS: 2296); Class -C.

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4.9. SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Based on the state Agricultural Contingency plan for Bathinda District, the district is covered by 19.5% Sandy Soils, 39.8% loamy sand soil and 40.7% Sandy Loam of the total geographical area of the district

Ludhiana District is covered by 85% Coarse Loamy and fine loamy Soil and 15% by Coarse Loamy Soil of the total geographical area of the district.

Barnala District is covered by 88.2% of sandy loam soils of the total district geographical area. The soil Map of the state is given in Figure 4-4.

4.9.1. Soil Monitoring

It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current impacts of Road development on soil quality and also predict impacts, which may arise due to the plant operations. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline for soil quality will be carried out.

Data Generation:

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm.

The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives: ► To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; ► To determine the impact of road development on soil characteristics; and ► To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.

Location within 10 km radius of the proposed plant boundary was selected for soil sampling. Soil sample was collected from three different depths viz. 15 cm, below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 and Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples will be analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer (ICP). The soil sampling locations are shown in Table 4-16.

Table 4-16: Details of Soil Sampling location along the PROW S. No Locations Chainage Distance/ Direction GPS Points Source (Project Site) S1 Bhaini 76+000 200m, East 30°23'4.37"N/ Agricultural Land 75°17'10.12"E S2 Phule wala 46+000 150m, North 30°20'50.11"N/ Agricultural Land 75°10'21.63"E S3 Gehal 45+700 110m, North 30°33'24.49"N/ Agricultural Land 75°27'1.46"E S4 Halwara 13+200 140m, North 30°43'19.17"N/ Agricultural Land 75°38’38.23”E S5 Ballowal 00+250m 210m, North 30°46'3.46"N/ Agricultural Land 75°45'14.17"E

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Table 4-17: Soil Monitoring Result SW3 SW4 SW5 Sl. No. Parameter SW1 SW2 1 pH* 5.23 5.49 5.39 5.33 5.44 2 Bulk Density* 1.72 1.86 1.81 2.12 1.79 3 Water Holding Capacity (WHC)* 12.7 13.84 13.46 15.88 13.21 4 Sodium,(Na)* 147.0 163.2 158.8 149.9 152.9 5 Potassium (K )* 96.0 103.7 104.6 97.9 99.8 6 Total Nitrogen (N)* 4.4 4.8 4.7 5.5 4.6 7 Chloride,(Cl)* 632.0 688.9 669.9 644.6 657.3 8 Magnesium,(Mg)* 86.7 93.6 91.9 88.4 90.2 9 Organic Matter,(OM)* 2.81 3.15 2.98 3.18 2.92 10 Aluminium,(Al) 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.18 11 Cadmium,(Cd) 0.27 0.32 0.29 0.29 0.28 12 Chromium,(Cr) 0.2 0.23 0.21 0.35 0.21 13 Copper,(Cu) 0.86 0.93 0.98 0.88 0.89 14 Iron,(Fe) 191 217.74 206.28 194.82 198.64 15 Lead,(Pb) 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.30 0.17 16 Manganese,(Mn) 2.7 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 17 Zinc,(Zn) 1.48 1.60 1.60 1.51 1.54 18 Nickel,(Ni) 1.91 3.40 2.02 2.39 1.99 19 Calcium,(Ca) 992.2 1369.2 1121.2 1012.0 1031.9 20 Phosphorus (PO4) 66.7 92.0 70.7 82.7 83.4

4.10. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The study area has been marked as 10 km radial distance from the proposed alignment. The study area around the project site mainly comprises of Agricultural habitat. The project area falls in Semi –Arid Zone as per the Biogeographic Classification and in 4A-Semi Arid Punjab Plain as per the Biotic Province map of India. As per the Champion and Seth’s Classification the forest type reported in the project district are Northern Dry mixed deciduous forest 5B/C 1 and Dry Deciduous Scrub Forests 5B/C2. The dominant species reported in these forest areas are Acacia Catechu, Acacia Nilotica, Acacia Leucophloea, Sissoo, Bombax ceiba, Emblica officinalis, Lannea grandis, Toona ciliate, Azadirachta indica, Cassia fistula, Anogeissus latifolia etc. The shrubs reported area Carissa opaca, Grewia optiva, Adhatoda vasica etc.

Strip Forest of Punjab:

All linear strips along major roads, canals, drains, and rail tracks were declared as protected forests by the State Government in 1958 and subsequently brought under the management of forest Department. The total forest area under strip amounts to 732.93 sq Km in the State of Punjab. The species planted under this strips are Eucalyptus, Kikar, Neem, Shisham, Khejri, Drek, Siris, and Maharukh, Jamun, Arjun, White Siris, Rajain,,etc. These strip forest attract the provisions of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and Cattle Trespass Act, 1871.

Forest profile of the District:

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Based on the Forest Survey of India -2017, the forest distribution for Bathinda, Barnala and Ludhiana District is given in table below: Moderate Dense District Geographical Area Very Dense Forest Open Forest Total in Sq.Km Forest Bathinda 3,353 00.00 18.91 36.52 55.43 Barnala 1,482 00.00 1.00 7.33 8.33 Ludhiana 3,578 00.00 25.18 33.74 58.92

Project Area

Figure 4-26: Forests Area In Punjab State

Based on the figure it can be concluded that no Reserve Forest area is located within project district. The only forest area reported are planted protected forest long the existing road, canal, etc.

Forest Land Diversion:

The proposed project will involve diversion of 3.278 Ha. of forest land, which is off Protected Forest type located along existing road, canal, railways line, etc. The table below gives the details of forest area distribution:

Wildlife Protected area: No National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Community Reserve and Conservation Reserve are located within 10 km from project boundary. List of Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park located in Punjab are given in Table 4-18 and highlighted in Figure 4-27. Based on Table 4-18 it can be concluded that the nearest wildlife Sanctuary from proposed alignment Bir Aishwan Wildlife Sanctuary which is 58.00 km towards East. Based on the table it can be concluded that the project does not attract the provision of Clearance from the Standing Committee for National Board for Wildlife.

Table 4-18: list of Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in Punjab S.No Name of Sanctuary and National Park Distance from District Area of Project location Sanctuary 1. Bir Dosanjh Wildlife Sanctuary 71.32km, East Patiala 518 Ha. 2. Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary 86.86km, West Ferozepur 186.5 km² 3. Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary 101.98 km, East Patiala 654 Ha 4. Harike Wildlife Sanctuary 83.46, North West Ferozpur 3.93 Km² 5. Jhajjar- Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary 90.87 km, North East Rupnagar 1.16 Km² 6. Bir Aishwan Wildlife Sanctuary 58.00 Km, East Sangrur 264.40 Ha.

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S.No Name of Sanctuary and National Park Distance from District Area of Project location Sanctuary 7. Bir Gurdialpura Wildlife Sanctuary 90.85, South East Patiala 620.53 Ha. 8. Kathlaur-Kushalia Wildlife Sanctuary 151.77 km, North Gurdaspur 758.40 Ha 9. Bir Bhunerheri Wildlife Sanctuary 103 Km, Soth East Patiala 661.66 Ha. 10. Takhni - Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary 102 km North Hoshiarpur 382 Ha. 11. Bir Bhadson Wildlife Sanctuary 66.73 Km, west Patiala 1022.63 Ha 12. Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary 117km, North Rupnagar 7.15km² District 13. Bir Mehas Wildlife Sanctuary 87.4km East Patiala 123.43 Ha (Source: http://moef.gov.in/rules-and-regulations/esz-notifications-2)

Figure 4-27: Map Showing National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in Punjab

Wetlands:

In the state of Punjab, we have three wetlands which is identified under The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands -1971. These wetlands are of international importance and need conservation. The other wetlands i.e two wetlands of National importance and 5 wetlands under state lists. The details of these wetlands with location, area and distance from proposed alignment area discussed in

Table 4-19

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Table 4-19: List of Wetlands in the state of Punjab’s S.No Name of Wetlands District Area (sq.km) Distance from Origin PROW Wetland of International Importance (RAMSAR Site) 1. Harike Tarn Taran, 41 sq.km 73.45 Km North Man Made Ferozpur and Kapurthala 2. Kanjli Wetland Kapurthala 1.83sq.km 84.51 km North Man made 3. Ropar Wetland Ropar 13.65 sq.km 75.75 km North East Manmade Wetland of national Importance 4. Ranjit Sagar Gurdaspur 87.60sq.km 82.77 km North Manmade, district riverine and Lacustrine 5. Nangal Wetland 289.69 Sq.km 91.62 Km North East Manmade Wetland of State Importance 6. Jastarwal Jheel Amritsar 0.55 sq.kn 155.94 km North Natural 7. Kahnuwan Chhamb Gurdaspur 1.28 sq.km 152 km North Natural 8. Keshopur Maiani Gurdaspur 4.08 sq.km 163.61 km East Natural Jheel 9. Mand Bharthala Nawanshahr 0.61 sq.km 65.61 km Natural 10. Dholbaha Reservior Hoshiarpur 1.32 sq.km 108 km North East manmade

Biodiversity in the Study Area:

The study area comprises of Agrarian Eco –System. About 47% of the state is under agricultural practices. The state is known to harbor great variety of genetic variability. The area under wheat cultivation has increased from 69% in 1970-71 to 100% in 2000-01 and remained the same thereafter. Similarly, area under rice comprised 33% of total area under rice in 1970-71. It increased to 100% in 2005. This has resulted in the loss of desecrated floral biodiversity of the state. The increase in area under paddy has led to decline in area under other major kharif crops like maize, bajra, jowar, sugarcane, groundnut, pulses, etc. The increase in wheat cultivation has been at the expense of cutting down the area under other rabi season crops especially gram, barley, rapeseed, mustard and sunflower. Area under total pulses and oilseeds has reduced sharply. This includes many leguminous crops like groundnut, lenls and guar.

The Agrarian practice of the district mainly comprises of cultivation of Wheat, Rabi Oil Seed, Rabi Pulses cotton, paddy Kharif Pulses. Vegetables farming are done at local level for individual or sold in local market.

Photographs showing Agricultural Practices along the PROW

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Flora of the Project Area

The Flora reported along the proposed alignment are mainly planted species done by the local farmers for personal or for commercial usage. The naturally growing species are limited to scrub land or along the natural streams where farming practices are absent. The common species of flora reported are as follows:

Trees:

The dominant trees in the region are Syzygium cumini (Jamun), Shorea robusta (Sal, Shakhu), Madhua longifolia (mahua), Dalbergia sisoo (Sheesham), Butea monosperma (Dhak,palash), Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa (Peepal), Ficus semicordata (khainu), Ficus bengalensis (Bargad), Acacia catechu (khair), Albizia lebbeck (siris), Terminalia alata (Asna, Asain), Terminalia belarica (behada), Oroxylum indicum, Holoptelia intgrifolia (Dhamina), , Cassia fistula (Amaltash), Pongamia pinnata (Karanj), Sterculia, Aegle marmelos, Anthocephalus kadamba, , Callistemon viminalis, Cedrella toona, Delonix regia, Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus, Morus alba, Terminalia bellerica, Populus trichocarpa, etc. at places, successful plantation of Tectona grandis (teak) has been done.

Shrubs:

The dominant shrub in the area are Murraya koenigii (gandella kathneem), Holarrhena pubescens (Kachari), Lantana camara (Kuri), Zizyphus marutiana (Ber), Zizyphus oenoplia (Makoi), Colebrookea oppositifolia (Chavova, binda), Carrisa opaca, Glycosmis arborea (Gutaharu), Ardisia solanacea (Jalkaima), Grevia hirsuta (Seetachabeni), Grevia subenaequalis (Pharsa), Crotolaria juncea (Bansai), Adathoda vasica (Bansa, Adusa), Jetropha gossypifolia (Lal arand), Xynthoxylum armatum (Timur), Rubus Ellipticus (Hisalu), Berberis lycium (Kingor) etc.

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Herbs:

The most common herb including grasses and sedges, from the ground flora of the forest as well as the grassland amidst forest. some of them are Cannabis sativa (Bhang), Ocimum basciliicum (bantulasi), Cassia tora (Chakwar), Lerodendron viscosum (bhant), Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava), Echinops echinatus, Malvastrum coromendilianum (Bariari), Vernonea cineria (Sahdevi), Achyranthus aspera, Argimone maxicana (Bharbhanda), Solanum surratens (Bhatkataiya), Tribulus terrestris (Gokharu), Saccharum spontaneum (kans), Desmostychya bipinnata (kush), Adiantum incisum etc.

Floristic Structure and Composition:

The phyto-ecological structure of vegetation shows three different strata i.e. top, middle and ground. Top storey covered by Acacia aruculoformis, Acacia nilotica, Azadiracta indica, Eucalyptus, Ficus religiosa, Pithecellobium dulce, Syzygium cuminii, Mangifera indica, Phoenix sylvestris, Tamarindus indica etc. Middle storey in this region comprises of Dalbergia sissoo, Prosopis sp., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Calotropis sp., Vitex negundo, Lantana camara, Zizyphus sp. etc. The dominant herbs in ground vegetation are Achyranthes aspera, Alternantera siseselis, Argemone mexicana, Ocimum sanctum, Solanum xanthocarpum, Cassia tora, Parthenium hysterophorus, Sida rhombifolia, Tridax procumbens etc. Grasses like Cynodon dactylon and Hetropogon contortus are generally found in the area.

Hydrophytic vegetation occur in the study area and some of the common aquatic and semiaquatic plants are Nelambo nucifera (Kamal), Ludwigia octovalvis (Laungra), Ipomea aquatica (Kalami sag), Vallisenaria spiralis, Trapa natans, Utricularia aurea, Marciluia minuta, Potamogoton nodosus etc.

Fauna:

The study area is dominated by agricultural fields with very scattered plantation. During the survey domestic animals like cow, buffaloes, and goat were observed. However, the public consultation revealed the presence of fox, hare, macaque, and langur. The agriculture fields in the study area provide an ideal habitat for many snakes and reptiles. Reptiles such as cobra, and python were found occasionally in the dense vegetation areas as per-narrated by local people. The common Butterflies found in the study area are Danaus chrysippus, Tirumala limniace, Catopsilia Pomona etc. List of fauna present in study area is given in Table 4-20.

Table 4-20: List of Fauna Found in the Study Area SL No Local Name Zoological Name Family 1 Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2 Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 4 Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae

Avifauna:

The standing agricultural crops in the study area do supports a variety of bird species mainly those feed on grains. Species of birds such as saras crane, blue rock pigeon, house sparrow, dove, myna, parakeet, bulbul, swift and crows were seen in the area. Agricultural activities like ploughing and digging expose the underlying insects and earthworms which attract bird species such as cattle egret, drongo and bee-eater. Stagnant water and exposed mud in the agricultural field for rice cultivation also attracts many bird species. Pond heron, cormorant and avocet were seen in these fields. Along the water bodies like rivers

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and streams varied types of birds such as white breasted kingfisher, pond herons, pied kingfisher, cormorants and jacanas were observed. All these birds feed mainly on fishes.

Reptiles and Amphibians:

Standing crops and storage of food grains attract mouse, squirrels and many insect species which ultimately promotes many reptiles and amphibians, snakes such as python, cobra, rat snake, Russell’s viper and lizards such as monitor lizard, garden lizard are the common reptiles, known to live in the area. Amphibian like Indian toad and common frog were observed from the study area.

Livestock:

Livestock rising is an economic activity persuaded by certain sections of community, who have made grazing and breeding of livestock as their traditional occupation.

4.11. SOCIO-ECONOMIC

4.11.1. Total Population

The total population of project impacted districts is nearly 3603052 which a majority live in the district of Ludhiana (44.9%) followed by Bathinda (38.5%), Barnala (16.5%)The population percentage of the project influence districts is reflected in the Table 4-21.

Table 4-21: Total Population Name of State Name of Districts Population Percentage Ludhiana 1619,000 44.9% Punjab Bathinda 1,388,525 38.5% Barnala 595,527 16.5% Total 3,603,052 100 Source: Census of India, 2011.

4.11.2. Population Density

Population density of the Project influenced districts varies considerably as per the census data of 2011, which clearly suggests that the density of population in the project influenced area has increased during 1991-2001. Punjab had an overall 13.84% rise in its population density in last one decade. Any significant increase in population density brings in two demographic factors that determines it i.e. natural increase in population and migration. Further, natural increase depends on the fertility and mortality rates. This is evident from the Table 4-22.

Table 4-22: Population Density of the Affected Districts Population Density % age increase in States/Districts 2001 2011 Population Density Punjab 484 551 13.84% Jalandhar 805 958 19.00% Bathinda 353 414 17.28% Barnala 374 402 7.49% Source: Census of India, 2011

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4.11.3. Rural and Urban Population

The rural and urban population of the project influenced State/districts as indicated in the Table 4-23.

Table 4-23: Rural and Urban Population States/Districts Rural Urban Total Punjab 17344192 10399146 2,77,43,338 Ludhiana 1,429,031 2,069,708 3,498,739 Bhatinda 889308 499217 13,88,525 Barnala 404,842 190,685 595,527 Source: Census of India, 2011.

4.11.4. Sex Ratio

Sex ratio of Bhatinda district (868 females per 1000 males) is lower than that of other district and state. Among the project influenced districts, a comparative analysis to other concerned State /Districts figures is presented in

Table 4-24: Sex Ratio Sex Ratio of child population States/Districts Overall Sex Ratio in the age group of 0-6 yrs Punjab 895 846 Ludhiana 873 860 Bhatinda 868 854 Barnala 876 843 Source: Census of India, 2011.

4.11.5. Vulnerable Population

The census 2011 data reveals that the percentage of SC population is higher in Bhatinda district. Table 4-25 reflects the details of all project influenced districts in this regard.

Table 4-25: Vulnerable Population States/ Total SC Tribal % of SC out of total % of ST out of total District Population Population Population population population Punjab 2,77,43,338 8,860,179 0 31.94 0 Ludhiana 1619000 923,358 0 26.39 0 Bathinda 1388525 4,50,473 0 32.44 0 Barnala 595527 192,001 0 32.24 0 Source: Census of India 2011

4.11.6. Literacy Rate

Literacy rate of the affected districts is either at par or higher than the literacy rate of the respective states. Out of the 4 impacted districts, Ludhiana has the highest literacy rate of 82.20% .Barnala has the lowest literacy rate of 67.82%. It is also clear from the Table 4-26 that the literacy rate of other districts is also higher than the national literacy rate.

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Table 4-26: Literacy Rate States / Districts Literacy Rate (Percentage) Punjab 75.84 Ludhiana 82.20 Bhatinda 68.28 Barnala 67.82 Source: Census of India 2011

4.11.7. Distribution of Population by Workers and Non-Workers and Occupation

Agriculture is the main occupation of its inhabitants in the project-influenced districts. As evident from Table 4-27, non-workers exceed main workers, showing relatively low dependency ratio.

Table 4-27: Distribution of Population by Workers and Non-workers States/Districts Population Male Female Total Main Workers 7264631 1186305 8450936 Marginal 809526 636900 1446426 Punjab Workers Non- Workers 6565308 11280668 17845976 Total 14639465 13103873 27743338 Main Workers 969,954 168,700 1,138,654 Marginal 83646 62,522 146,168 Ludhiana Workers Non- Workers 814,216 1399701 2,213,917 Total 1,867,816 1,630,923 3,498,739 Main Workers 390057 62621 452678 Marginal 42931 54377 97308 Bhatinda Workers Non- Workers 310209 528330 838539 Total 743197 645328 1388525 Main Workers 164,322 22,112 186,434 Marginal 13,841 9056 22,897 Barnala Workers Non- Workers 139,359 246,837 386,196 Total 317,522 278,005 595,527 Source: Census of India 2011

Table 4-28 contains occupational structure of work force in the project influenced districts. State/district wise breakup suggests that occupation in agricultural sector is greater than other sectors in all project influenced districts as presented in the following Table 4-28.

Table 4-28: Categories of Workers States / Districts Categories Male Female Total Cultivators 94470 266125 360595 Agricultural 1239445 349010 1588455 Labourers Punjab HH industries 277553 153758 431311 Other Workers 4832059 1156377 5988436 Total 6443527 1925270 8368797 Cultivators 128,748 11,989 140,737 Ludhiana Agricultural 81,595 17,051 98,646

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States / Districts Categories Male Female Total Labourers HH industries 49,629 22,038 71,667 Other Workers 793,628 180,144 973,772 Total 1,053,600 231,222 1,284,822 Cultivators 122643 8561 131204 Agricultural 78913 12451 91364 Labourers Bhatinda HH industries 7695 3223 10918 Other Workers 180806 38386 219192 Total 390057 62621 452678 Cultivators 57,489 2851 6340 Agricultural 34,653 5807 4460 Labourers Barnala HH industries 3574 1558 5132 Other Workers 82447 20952 103399 Total 178,163 31,168 119,331 Source: Census of India 2011

CANADA | INDIA | ASIA | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Page | 4-50 5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1. GENERAL

The main aim of environmental assessment is to identify the nature and significance of environment impacts. The assessment of potential environmental impact consists of comparing the expected changes in the environment with or without the project road.

The mitigation measures involve decisions and strategies taken during the design, construction and operation phase to minimize the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts of the project on the surrounding environment. The design of the project road is as per current design standards (both national and international) and involves: ► Widening and strengthening of the existing road formation; ► Improvement of the road geometry for increased design speed; ► Rehabilitation and reconstruction of parallel and cross drainage structures; ► Enhancement of road safety measures; and ► Improvement of road aesthetics.

However, the project road may affect their nearby surrounding natural, socio-economic and cultural environment. These changes include both beneficial and adverse impacts. In order to minimize the adverse impacts of the project road, avoidance and mitigation measures were formulated and implemented as part of the project design. Avoidance and Mitigation of negative impacts involve the reduction and magnitude of the impacts through: ► Alternatives during design, site clearance, construction and operation phases of the project road to avoid adverse impacts; ► Additional mitigation measures developed for unavoidable negative impacts on natural, socio- economic and cultural environments; ► The above-mentioned measures were incorporated into the project in the four stages; design, pre- construction (land acquisition and site clearance), construction, and operation. Most of the measures were applicable to all project corridors. However, some features warranted extra ordinary measures based on their applicability, both general and site specific, were incorporated as follows.

a) Standard: The ‘Standard designs’ of various road sections, were arrived at after detailed deliberations between Highway design and the Environment teams. The principal features incorporated in the initial designs included establishment of a corridor of impact (CoI) and various road safety measures. b) General: Measures to avoid or mitigate negative impacts on natural, socio-economic and cultural environment were identified based on the characteristic features of the project corridors. Avoidance and mitigation for social impacts have been discussed separately in Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan. c) Specific: In addition to the above measures, specific mitigation and compensatory measures were formulated for the negative impacts identified in the Hotspots Identification Matrices.

This chapter assesses the nature, type and magnitude of the potential impacts likely on the various relevant physical, biological and cultural components along the project road. The environmental and social impacts can be direct as well as indirect. The direct area of influence includes the project of Impact and the construction sites for the project. The impacts on various environmental components can occur at any of the

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report | Page | 5-1 ASIA | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul following stages of the project planning and implementation: (i) planning and design stage; (ii) construction stage; and (iii) operation stage.

The description and magnitude of impacts for the various environmental components for the project road are presented in the following sections:

5.2. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts caused due to the development of the project road can be categorized as primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) impacts. Primary impacts are those which are induced directly by the project whereas the secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changing patterns of social and economic activities due to the proposed action. Interaction of the project activities with environmental attributes is presented as Activity-Impact matrix in Table 5-1.

Potential direct and indirect impacts of the project during construction phase will be the following: ► Filling in low-lying areas for embankments of the road. ► Loss of vegetation due to cutting of trees ► Loss of Topsoil due to Clearing & Grubbing of new alignment, Borrow area and Quarry operation, Construction of Camp, Material Stacking yard. ► Temporary impacts in terms of polluted environment on flora and fauna due to the construction activities. ► Impacts on the drainage pattern due to raised embankment, introduction of new culverts. ► Impacts on traffic management system. ► Increased air pollution (including dust) during project road construction. ► Increased noise level due to the movement of vehicles and construction activities. ► Increased soil erosion. ► Spillage of oils and other hazardous materials. ► Pollution of surface and sub-surface water sources. ► Pollution due to generation of Spoils and Solid Waste.

Potential direct and indirect impacts of the project during operation phase are the following: ► Increased noise pollution due to the vehicular movement. ► Impact on natural drainage pattern of the project area. ► Pollution of water bodies and impacts on its ecosystem due to hazardous chemical or oil spillage into the canals and streams.

The positive impacts of the project will be: ► Reduced air pollution due to better service levels of the road. ► Improved safe and efficient connectivity within Project districts and other areas of the project region. ► Generation of local employment during road construction. ► Improvement of local economy and industry due to better infrastructure facilities.

Table 5-1: Activity - Impact Identification Matrix Impacts on Physical Biological Geology Sl. Environment Environment Topo-- Activities No Natural graphy Air Water Noise Flora Fauna Soil Drainage A. CONSTRUCTION PHASE Labour Camp 1 -Ve/T Activities

Page | 5-2 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Impacts on Physical Biological Geology Sl. Environment Environment Topo-- Activities No Natural graphy Air Water Noise Flora Fauna Soil Drainage 2 Quarrying -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/P Material Transport 3 -Ve/T -Ve/T & Storage 4 Earthwork -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T 5 Pavement Works -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/P Use of 6 Construction -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T -Ve/T Equipments 7 Plantation +Ve/P +Ve/P +Ve/P 8 Drainage Works +Ve/P Toll Plaza 9 -Ve/T -Ve/T Construction Culvert & Bridge 10 -Ve/T -Ve/T +Ve/P Construction Stripping of Top 11 -Ve/T Soil 12 Debris Generation -Ve/T -Ve/T 13 Oil & Grease -Ve/P -Ve/T B. OPERATIONAL PHASE Vehicular 1 +Ve/P -Ve/P Movement Impacts on forest The Proposed project will involve diversion of 3.28 Ha of Protected Forest area laying areas including 2 along the existing road, canal, railway line etc.. wildlife sanctuary, No Wildlife Sanctuary is located within 10 km radius of PROW. national park Will provide employment to about 500 people during construction phase and 100 people 3 Employment during operation phase. Note: t - Temporary; p - Permanent.

5.3. IMPACT DURING PRE- CONSTRUCTION STAGE

The Pre – Construction Impact are those which are expected during the planning phase. These are mainly expected during survey, planning, design phase, utility shifting, land acquisition, loss to forest land and land clearance, etc.

The proposed project is located in green cover area Agricultural area , where growth of naturally growing/ planted trees are noticed. The proposed project will involve diversion of 3.278 Ha of notified Protected Forest Area. The proposed project will also involve construction of Green Field Highway of PROW 60meters. As a result under land acquisition of 508.99 Ha of Agricultural land/government land will be acquired. a. Alignment: Three alternative alignments have been proposed. Out of three only one alignment is proposed as final alignment taking into consideration involvement of minimum land acquisition, impact on structure, archaeological/cultural heritage site, utility shifting, less notified Forest area, Wildlife Sanctuary, habitation etc. b. Forest Land Diversion: The proposed alignment will involve diversion of 3.278 Ha of protected Forest land. The Work in this forest area will commence only when the diversion of forest land is granted by the Regional MoEF&CC office Chandigarh. The application for diversion is under process and it is under review with the forest department.

Page | 5-3 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

c. Tree Cutting: About 2289 trees will be affected within the PROW, it would comprise of 119 fruits bearing trees and 2170 non fruit bearing. Major number of these trees are in the forest area. To all possibility the cutting of trees has been minimized. Compensatory afforestation will be carried out in consultation with the forest department and district Horticultural department. For each tree fell, 10 times the number of trees fells will be planted under compensatory afforestation. d. Fugitive Dust and Air pollution: During pre-construction stage, the source of fugitive dust emission and air pollution due to transportation of machinery and heavy vehicles. It will be temporary and localized only during transportation duration. Clearance of land and vegetation will be carried out for construction of stocking yard. The dust generated due to soil loosening will be suppressed by water sprinkling and by creation of temporary fence. The D.G sets will have appropriate stack height and will be properly maintained. e. Noise and Vibration: The D.G sets at site office will have acoustic enclosure and will be heavily padded to minimize noise and vibration. f. Water and Soil: Setting of construction camp and storage area will involve leveling, compaction, cutting and filling operations which will impact the top soil if not stored. The stock yard, machinery yard, etc need to be non-percolating to prevent the spill over to contaminate the soil and underground water. g. The establishment of construction camp and plant will generate fugitive dust and noise. Care should be taken that they are far away from the settlement area, forest and water bodies. h. Utilities Shifting: Utilities shifting such as underground water pipeline, electric poles, transmission line will be relocated prior to the start of construction work. The permission needs to be obtained from the PHED department.

5.4. IMPACT AND MITIGATION DURING CONSTRUCTION

The major impacts during pre-construction and designing phase are related with the land acquisition, since the proposed alignment is green filed highway. The alignment is Green Field Highway where uniform land acquisition for 60m PROW need to be done except for Toll Plaza PROW may be 120m. The total length of proposed project is 75+543 km length.

5.4.1. Land Resources

The proposed project is Green field National Highway of length 75+543 km which is planned for 6-lane NH without paved shoulder NH configuration. The 60m wide PROW has been proposed with median. The total land acquisition within 60m PROW is about 508.99 Ha which comprises of Private land and Government land. The proposed project will also involve diversion of 3.278 Ha of protected forest Land.

Impact:

There will be permanent change in land use from productive agricultural land to 6 lane highway. About 508.98 Ha comprising of 505.712 Ha. Agricultural land and 3.278 Ha. Protected Forest Land- along irrigation canal, railways line, roads, bunds etc will be acquired. Based on the land-use map prepared from the project (PROW) and land-use distribution for available for three districts, it can be concluded that the total agricultural land affected (land-use change) in three districts is 505.712 Ha (4.49sq.km) which account to 0.0006% of total agricultural land affected in three districts.

Land acquisition within 60m PROW, setting of construction camp, storage area will involve leveling, compaction, cutting and filling operations which will impact the top soil if not stored. The stock yard, machinery yard, etc need to be non-percolating to prevent the spill over to contaminate the soil and underground water.

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It is estimated that about 60,990.16 cum topsoil shall be generated from proposed right of way. If this huge quantity of topsoil is not preserved, it will get wash out with run off and increase turbidity of the surface water bodies. It is one of the most important environmental losses, as generation of topsoil takes very long time.

Mitigation Measures: ► All the affected people will be compensated as per “The Right To Fair Compensation And Transparency In Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation And Resettlement Act, 2013” (for land acquisition) before commencement of Construction works and the cost of compensation will be finalized by the Competent Authority and the Project Proponent will pay the compensation at all the entitles persons through the Competent Authority. ► It will be ensured that all the land acquisition activities including implementation of Environment Management Plan are completed before the start of work. ► The 15cm of top soil will be stored and would be distributed to farmers, for utilization at degraded land to make it productive agricultural land. ► It will be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road, borrow areas, construction camp if required will be restored back to its original land use. ► The cut material (debris generated) will be used in road widening or will be disposed in identified borrow area. ► Trees plantation will be carried out in the proposed landscape area to restore the canopy cover loss. About 10 times the number of trees cut will be planted. ► Total 9 ha protected forest land will be proposed for diversion under Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and compensatory afforestation shall be carried out by the Department of Environment and Forests, Government of Punjab on twice the area diverted, identified by forest department on degraded land in the same locality or in same district.

5.4.2. Change in land use and loss of productive soil

Analysis of land use within 1 km on either side of the proposed road shows that predominant land use is agricultural/ Crop land (95.27%), Built-up area (4.16%), Government Land (0.51%) and forest land (0.06%) Based on land-use it is estimated that major impact on land use change will be on productive crop land followed by Built-up area.

It is estimated that about 60,990.16 cum topsoil shall be generated from proposed right of way. If this huge quantity of topsoil is not preserved, it will get wash out with run off and increase turbidity of the surface water bodies. It is one of the most important environmental losses, as generation of topsoil takes very long time.

It has been estimated that 505.712 Ha of agriculture land will be transformed in to road permanently and loss of productive soil. About 3.278 Ha of Forest land will also get transformed into road permanently

Mitigation Measures i. The top soil (25cm depth) from the productive land shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. It shall also be used as top cover for embankment slope and for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. ii. The top soil storage/stocked is discussed in EMP (Good Practices), Guidelines – 5: guidelines for stripping, stocking, preservation of top soil. iii. It will be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road, borrow areas, construction camp if required will be restored back to its original land use.

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5.4.3. Soil Erosion/Runoff

All major construction activities tend to create certain changes in the soil condition of the area. Excavation denudes the topsoil and makes it loose. Destruction of topsoil leads to reduction of fertility and removal of vegetation cover with associated hazards of soil erosion. Cutting and dumping of spoil in improper dumpsite without erosion protection measures will lead to soil erosion. Construction of contractor’s camp will also lead such problems.

During construction of high embankments there is chances of soil erosion due to rain-wash especially during the monsoon but provision for slope protection measures. Implementation of such protection measures during construction of the road will not create any adverse impact on erosion potentiality of the embankments. Of the total 75+543 km length, whole length length will be fill section

The slopes of the embankments and cut sections are prone to erosion and uncontrolled erosion may further lead to landslide. This brings risks of exposed ground and topsoil. The soil erosion in construction stage may take place at the slope of the embankments, construction sites of cross drainage structures, and at construction sites which will be cleared. Accumulated eroded soil will result to siltation, embankment damage, and drainage problem. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stock-piles may also lead to siltation in natural drains.

Provision has been made in the EMP for proper disposal of earth spoil and guideline for Selection dumpsites and disposal techniques of spoil and its management. With the implementation of measures contained in the EMP, the impact will be minimum.

Mitigation Measures i. Design and construction phase - turfing/grassing has been proposed for and engineering techniques such as, pitching on slopes laid over prepared filter media to counter soil erosion. Discharge from the side slopes has been calculated and dimension of the road side drains has been proposed accordingly. Line drain has been proposed for entire section of the proposed road. ii. The green belt will be developed simultaneously along with construction activities to control the erosion process. iii. Apron concrete will be installed at the outlet of culverts to avoid soil erosion due to water runoff. vi. Retaining walls have been included in the design to check erosion. vii. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. viii. IRC: 56 -2011 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration.

5.4.4. Borrow Areas and Quarries

Need for opening borrows areas and quarries are not anticipated since abundant material will be available in local market. However, if requirement emerged, it may cause some adverse impacts if left un-rehabilitated. It may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged. Quarry material will be sourced from existing licensed quarries.

Mitigation Measures ➢ Borrow areas if required, shall not be located near forest areas. The edges of borrow sites shall be no closer than 3 metres from any fence line or boundary. Adequate clearance shall be provided for the construction of catch drains. Borrow sites shall have adequate drainage outlets unless the relevant landowner has agreed that the borrow area is to create a permanent tank. Cut batter slopes shall not

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be steeper than 3 to 1 and shall be left by the Contractor in a tidy and safe condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Written clearance from the land owner/village head shall be obtained before leaving a site. ➢ Obtain statutory approval from competent authority as detailed in chapter -I, (recent policy initiatives on mining of minor mineral) ➢ Borrow pits shall be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. ➢ Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 and (IRC):36 – 1970 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed. ➢ The depths in borrow pits to be regulated so that the sides shall not be steeper than 25%, to the extent possible, borrow areas shall be sited 500 meters away from settlements. Borrow areas shall be levelled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. ➢

5.4.5. Compaction and Contamination of Soil

Compaction of soil is anticipated along haulage roads and construction camp area due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries and equipment, and due to sitting of construction camps and workshops. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery.

Soil may also get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps. Sub soil contamination may also be attributed to scarified bitumen wastes, operation of the emulsion sprayer and laying of hot mix, storage and stock yards of bitumen and emulsion, excess production of hot mix and rejected materials.

Mitigation Measures ➢ Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. ➢ Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF&CC authorized refiners.) ➢ Movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. ➢ Approach roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil. ➢ The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. ➢ Septic tank or mobile toilets shall be provided at construction camp and active project site. ➢ Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste. Non-biodegradable and non-saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured.

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5.4.6. Utilities

Impact:

Several types of utilities serving local and regional needs are falling under Corridor of Impact (CoI) will need to be relocated from their present position due to the proposed widening alignment. These services are mainly electric poles, telephone line, OFC lines, lamp pole and transformer, which required to be relocated at some locations.

Mitigation Measures:

All the utilities will be restored in advance prior to the start of construction works. The required mitigation measures would be to instruct in advance the relevant owners of these utilities to shift those before construction starts to avoid disruption of local services. The Concessionaire will submit the details of such features falling within the alignment and inform the PIU. It will be judicious for the PIU to assist the owners to get land for new locations.

5.4.7. Generation of Debris

Impact:

Major source of debris generation is dismantling of road side residential and commercial structures and other communities structure along the project road.

Mitigation Measures:

The debris generated from the project will be utilized mostly in road construction. It has been estimated that from the generated debris nearly 70% will be used in the road construction works and nearly 10-15% would be used in the construction of bus-bays and truck lay-bays. The rest 10-15% would be wastage material which is required to be disposed off to fill up low lying areas, excavation for CD works etc.

Due to the removal of structures (Residential and commercial) and pavement scarification lot of debris will generate, which need to be disposed properly to avoid contamination of land. For safe and environmentally friendly disposal of waste debris the instruction/procedure specified in Appendix 9-1; G- 13 & Appendix 6-2; EM-1, EM-13, and EM-18 will be applicable.

5.4.8. Biological Environment

Impact:

Reserved Forest Area: No reserved forest area is present within the corridor of impact.

Protected Forest Area: Approximately 3.278 Ha of protected forest land will be diverted for widening and up-gradation of the proposed project.

Tree Cutting:

There will be a significant, direct impact on cutting (2289) no of trees along the proposed Green field Highway will be carried out, it includes: ► The loss of shade ► Loss of tree products ► Removal of roadside trees will also reduce comfort levels for slow moving traffic and pedestrians. ► The removal of trees would leads to erosion and contributes to the loss of the micro-ecosystems developed on the roadside.

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► Besides this trees act as noise barrier, dust absorption, air purifier etc.

A detailed tree inventory was carried out of all the existing trees within the corridor of impact, due care had been given in alignment design to reduce/ minimize the loss of flora. All the affected trees are common species and local in nature.

Removal of vegetation: Clearing and grubbing of the area is the foremost requirement to start the construction activities. The impact due to removal of vegetation includes: ► Dust generation during windy atmosphere. ► Loss of productive top soil ► Soil erosion during rainy season, may lead to water contamination. ► Measures have been taken in reducing and curtailing the clearing and grubbing of excess land.

Mitigation Measures: ► All efforts will be made to preserve trees by restricting tree cutting within the formation width. Special attention will be given for protecting giant trees, and locally important trees (having cultural importance); ► A Corridor of Impact (CoI) approach has been taken up in the project to minimize the tree cutting and only those trees falling within COI will be felled. The CoI approach is shown in Figure 5-1. Road Right of Way

Corridor of Impact

Corridor of Impact

Figure 5-1: The Corridor of Impact Approach

► Compensatory plantation will be carried out along the space available within the proposed ROW in the ratio of at least 10 times as much the trees are proposed to cut. ► The avenue plantation programme will be promptly adopted to restore and further enrich the loss of vegetation, guideline for avenue plantation will be followed as per IRC: SP: 21:2009. Green Highways Highways (Plantation & Maintenance) Policy-2015. ► Care shall be taken to save the matured trees more than 30 cm and then may be proposed for tree transplantation as part of the avenue/green belt development along project road. ► Roadside Plantation: IRC: SP: 21-1979 "Manual on Landscaping” shall guide the plantation of rows of trees with staggered pitch on either side of the road. The choice of the trees shall also be made as per the same code. Local, indigenous species shall be planted. Indicative arrangements for plantation of trees shall be in accordance with the MoST Technical Circular No. NHAI- 41(34)/69. A spacing of 10-15m c/c is recommended for spacing of trees parallel to the roads. Setback distance of trees needed in different situations shall be as per the IRC: SP: 21-2009 and the IRC: SP: 84-2014 ► Avenue plantation is proposed along the realignment within the PROW. Trees will be planted on either side of the proposed alignment at 10 m interval.

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5.4.9. Selection of tree Species of Land Scaping

Trees, shrubs and climbers have been used to enhance the soft natural ambience against harsh elements in most of the enhancement schemes. The planting species are decided based on the physical growth characteristics of trees, like form and shape, foliage pattern, growth rate, branching pattern, soil characteristics and conditions of the strip like water logged areas etc.

The selection of plant types and planting arrangement should be based on the following considerations:

Aim and objective of plantation: a. Shape (spread of the tree) and size b. Texture and colour of foliage/flower/fruits in different seasons and stages of growth. c. Adaptability and suitability to agro-climatic regions/zones d. Growth rate (slow/fast) average age of maturity and replacement cycle e. After-care and maintenance required for sustenance and growth f. Economic and other social/recreational benefits g. Drawbacks and demerits, if any, like prone to insects/pests disease, animal grazing and human interference.

Based on the availability of the PRoW, the plantation pattern should be worked out as follows:

ii) The first row along the Highways will be of small to medium sized ornamental trees.

ii) Subsequent rows, depending on the availability of width, will comprise of ornamental and/or shade bearing species, of more height than those in the first row. In rural sections, the last row will always be of shade bearing tall trees.

iii) Planting of shrubs in the median.

iv) Planting of herbaceous species as ground cover in the median, special landscapes and embankment slopes.

v) Turfing with grass in the median, special landscapes and embankment slopes.

Table 5-2: The species of tree species recommended for 1st RoW of Avenue Plantation S.No Botanical Name Local Name Flowering Season 1. Acacia auriculiformis Vilayati babool Sep-Oct./Yellow 2. Bauhinia sps. Kachnar Feb-Mar./Pink 3. Cassia fistula Amaltas May Yellow 4. Cassia nodusa Cassia May June/Pink 5. Delonix regia Gulmohar May Yellow 6. Jacaranda mimosaefolia Jacranda April/Blue 7. Peltophorum ferrugineum Peltophorum Oct/Yellow 8. Cordia dicotma Lasoda 9. Syzygium cuminii Jamun 10. Terminalia arjuna Arjun 11. Albizzia lebbek Kala Siris 12. Pongamia pinnata Kanji 13. Terminalia arjuna Arjun

Table 5-3: Species Recommended for 2nd and Subsequent RoW S.No Botanical Name Local Name Flowering Season

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1. Albizzia lebbek Kala siris 2. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham 3. Gravillea robusta Silver Oak 4. Maila azadirachta Bakain 5. Pongamia pinnata Kanji 6. Terminalia arjuna Arjun

Table 5-4: Impact and Mitigation on Ecological Environment Sl. Item Impact Impact (Reason) Mitigation/enhancement No 1 Forest Direct Diversion of Protected Compensatory Afforestation will be done @1:10 ratio or Area impact Forest Land (3.278 Ha.) as per the State Forest Department. In addition, Avenue and Median Plantation along the project corridor is also proposed to compensate the loss of tree cutting. 2 Wild Life No No wild life habitat Nil Impact 3 Trees Direct Approx. 2289 trees are Maximum deviation in alignment design to save the road cutting Impact proposed to be felled. side trees. Increase in soil erosion, Compensatory tree plantation as suggested by forest silting of water bodies, department with avenue plantation along corridor. dust & noise pollution. Loss of shade & loss of tree products. 4 Vegetation Direct Increase in soil erosion, Clearing and grubbing will be minimized, and sprinkled Impact noise pollution & dust with water to reduce dust pollution. emission. Exposed surface like embankment slopes will be protected with stone pitching and turfing. Open land in and around plant will be vegetated.

5.4.10. Geology

Impact:

Likely impact on the geological resources will be quite less in this project as the excavation materials from the land surface of project area will be used quietly in the road construction, construction of bus-bays and truck lay-bays.

The boulders will be procured from the authorized suppliers and prevalent rules will be followed for borrowing of soil, sand and aggregates. Controlled blasting shall be made for the hill cutting in sections.

Mitigation Measures:

Two new quarries have been identified for the Project requirements. There are lot of quarry sources and the stones available in abundance. Moreover, the nearby land surface is sufficient to provide most part of the road construction materials and aggregates and hence dependence on outsourced aggregate material for the project would be very less.

They are having sufficient quantity of good stones. The good quality stone aggregates will be available from five quarries having the potential to meet aggregate demand for bituminous and non-bituminous works of the project, including concrete aggregates. The stone from the quarries can be crushed to produce aggregates of different sizes meeting the specification requirements for use in base-course, wearing course and cement concrete works.

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It will be ensured the aggregates procured during construction stage will be from the authorized or licensed suppliers only. Selected soil borrow areas have been identified during the design stage of the Project. Most of these borrow areas are local borrow areas, and agricultural fields not in productive use.

The details of quarry management are given in Appendix 9-1, G-7: Guidelines of New Quarry Management

5.4.11. Seismology

Impact:

The construction of the project road may lead to any adverse impact on seismology settings of the regional environment as the project road is falling under ZONE- II & Zone-III, which is considered as a region high seismic hazard zone.

Since the earthquake database in India is still incomplete, especially with regards to earthquakes prior to the historical period (before 1800 A.D.), these zones offer a rough guide of the earthquake hazard in any particular region and need to be regularly updated.

Mitigation Measures:

Present up-gradation will incorporate both existing and new structures. Existing structures will be checked & complied and new structures will be designed as earth quake resistant.

5.4.12. Soil Environment

Impact:

Loss of top soil:

The site clearance process includes excavation and vegetation clearance which ultimately induces vegetation loss as well as loss of top soil. About 60,990.16 cum of top soil will be generated during construction phase. Since vegetation clearance shall be confined to the minimum area required for widening activities beyond the RoW the area affected would be very less. The activities associated with the site preparation and excavation plus movement of vehicles and equipment can disturb the surrounding lands.

Similarly, fresh embankments created at the site shall be covered with dredged earth for turfing of the slopes, in order to prevent erosion.

To prevent slope cutting and for soil stabilization in embankments area stone pitching has of 25,500 cum has been proposed and total earthwork (Embankment, Subgrade, Shoulder and Median Filling) 50,58,000 cum has been considered for stabilization of soil.

The topsoil shall be stripped up to a depth of 15 cm at all locations opened up for construction. It is estimate that about 60,990.16 cum of top soil will be generated. The stripped topsoil should be carefully stockpiled at suitable accessible locations approved by the PIU, Ambala. At least 10% of the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing topsoil. The stockpiles for storing the topsoil shall be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and the height of the pile is restricted to 2m.

A minimum distance of 1m is required between stockpiles of different materials. In the cases where the topsoil has to be preserved for more than a month, the stockpile is to be stabilized within 7 days of formation.

Locate stockpiles in … ► A secure area away from

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The stabilization shall be carried out through temporary ► Grade, Subsoil & Overburden materials; seeding and mulching. It consists of planting rapid-growing ► Pit activities; and annual grasses or small grains, to provide initial, temporary ► Day-to-day operations. cover for erosion control. After spreading the topsoil on ► Areas that do not interfere with future pit disturbed areas, topsoil must be seeded, and mulched within expansion. 30 days of final grading. During construction, if erosion ► Areas away from drainage paths and uphill of sediment barriers. occurs from stockpiles due to their location in small drainage paths, the sediment-laden runoff should be prevented from entering nearby watercourses.

Preservation of Stockpiles: The contractor shall preserve the stockpile material for later use on slopes or shoulders as instructed by the engineer.

Spreading back of topsoil. The area to be covered with Preserving stockpiles – Precautions vegetation shall be prepared to the required levels and slope. ► Stockpiles will not be surcharged or The stockpile material shall be spread evenly to a depth of 5- otherwise loaded and multiple handing 15cm to the designed slopes and watering the same as will be kept to a minimum to ensure that required. The growth of the vegetation shall be monitored at no compaction will occur. frequent intervals. All temporary arrangements made for ► Divert runoff around stockpiles stockpile preservation and erosion control are to be removed unavoidably located in drainage paths after reusing the stockpile material. using a perimeter bank uphill. ► The stockpiles shall be covered with Soil Contamination: Contamination of soil during gunny bags or tarpaulin immediately in construction stage is primarily due to construction and other case they are not stored for periods allied activities. The sites where construction vehicles are longer than 1 month parked and serviced are likely to be contaminated because of leakage or spillage of fuel and lubricants. Pollution of soil can also occur in hot-mix plants from leakage or spillage of asphalt or bitumen. Refuse and solid waste from labour camps can also contaminate the soil. Contamination of soil during construction might be a major long-term residual negative impact. Unwanted disposal of construction spoil and debris will add to soil contamination.

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Mitigation Measures:

Mitigative measures such as maintenance of vehicles and machines and fuel refilling is carried out in a confined area can avoid contamination of soil to a great extent.

Provision for oil interception chamber will be there for treating the waste water generated from vehicle washing, refilling and maintenance areas. Fuel storage and refilling sites should be kept away from cross drainage structures. All spoils shall be disposed off as desired and the site shall be fully cleaned before handing over. These measures are expected to minimize the impact on soil contamination. ► All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF&CC and SPCB guidelines. Fuel storage and fuelling areas will be located at least 300m from all cross drainage structures. ► The base of all machinery, generators will be paved and all the waste/spill will be drained to oil interceptor before discharging. ► Proper demarcation of the surface to be sprayed /paved will be done to minimize the excessive spread of emulsion/hot mix. ► Residential facilities will be provided with proper sanitation, and planed setup of construction camp. ► Soil quality monitoring shall be carried out during construction stage as per the environmental monitoring program. Corrective actions to be taken if the soil quality is found deteriorating. ► For safe and environmentally friendly disposal of waste debris the instruction/ procedure specified in Appendix 9-1; G-13 are suggested to be followed.

Soil Erosion: Erosion of top-soil can be considered a moderate, direct and long- term negative impact resulting from the construction and maintenance of roads. The potential for soil erosion is high and pervasive during the construction stage. Starting with clearing and grubbing of trees vegetation is stripped away, exposing raw soil. The construction of new fill slopes for grading and bridge-end fills also exposes large areas to erosion, if protection methods are not implemented.

Mitigation Measures:

Slope: To minimize soil erosion, slopes have been restricted to 1V:2H in most of the places. Places where embankment height is <3m, turfing has been proposed while in places where the embankment is >3m stone pitching is proposed.

Turfing (Grassing of slopes): For embankments height <3m, locally growing grasses and bushes which are best adapted to the local soil, temperature and rainfall conditions shall be used. The methods of providing vegetation cover on embankment slopes will be carried out as per the provisions mentioned in IRC-56-1974, “Recommended Practice for Treatment of Embankment Slopes for Erosion Control”

Stone Pitching: For embankment height >3.0 m, stones or bricks are hand laid on the surface of the embankment and lightly tamped. The interstices between the stones are filled up with soil. Grasses may be dibbled into the soil filled spaces. As the grass grows, it develops a good binding effect on the pitching. Borrow and Quarry areas need to be reclaimed properly.

The Contractor may be directed to provide immediate control measures to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation that will adversely affect construction operations, damage adjacent properties, or cause contamination of nearby streams or other watercourses. They are required to follow the sedimentation control measure as given in Appendix 9-1.

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5.4.13. Air Environment

The major indicators of Ambient Air Quality relevant to the road project are the concentration of suspended particulate matters (PM10), Particulate matters (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Carbon monoxide (CO) in the atmosphere.

The primary data generation along the project road indicates that the concentration of the parameters is well within the permissible limits.

Mitigation measures:

Generation of Dust: ► Water will be sprayed during construction phase, in earth handling sites, asphalt mixing sites and other excavation areas for suppressing fugitive dust. ► Since fly ash will be used, dust emission during its loading and unloading, storage at open place and handling for road construction shall be suppressed by regular water sprinkling. ► Special care will be taken when working near educational institutions and health centers. ► The Stone crusher plant, hot mix plant and wet mix plant will be located sufficiently away from settlement towards downwind direction and will conform to the requirement under Environmental (Protection) Rules, 1986. ► The Lorries carrying excavated materials, building material will be covered with sheet to prevent dust spreading in air.

Gaseous Pollution: ► All the Construction vehicles and machineries will be regularly maintained to conform to the emission standards stipulated under Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. ► Asphalt mixing sites should be located at list 1 km away from any habitation or sensitive environmental site and at least 500 m away from highway towards downwind direction. ► All the DG sets will conform to the emission standards as stipulated under Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. ► The workers working at asphalt mixing and subsequent application of asphalt mix on road surface will be provided with heat resistant shoes and masks.

Ambient air quality will be monitored as per environmental monitoring programme during construction phase. Corrective action will be taken if results found deteriorating. The predicated impact by using mathematic model is attached as Annexure 5-4.

Water Environment

Impacts:

5.4.14. Surface Water:

The project road is traversing through the surface water bodies in irrigation Canal; however the proposed road is not expected to alter the existing water quality on a permanent basis. Some impacts are anticipated on the water quality of these water bodies during construction phase. Silt load in the streams and canals at the culverts and bridges locations may pollute the waters there by affecting the ecosystem. The issue of blocking

Page | 5-15 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul of cross drainage should be taken care throughout the project stretch. Care needs to be taken during the construction of culverts and bridges across canals.

Mitigation Measures:

Construction works close to the streams and other water bodies shall be avoided especially during monsoon period. Disposal of waste arising from the project activates as per norms of SPCB and collecting and storing of bituminous wastes and taking it to approved disposal sites will minimize the impacts.

The probability of accidents are minimal since enhancement of road safety measures such as improvement of curves and widening of the roads and other pedestrian facilities are taken care of the design stage. To minimize the oil contamination and sediment load to water bodies, provision of sedimentation tank and oil interceptor chamber can be provided.

Apart from the provision of mitigation measures, their effectiveness and further improvement in designs to reduce the concentration of pollutants in water due to construction activity shall be monitored. The frequency, duration and responsibility will be as per the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

Ground Water: Depth of the ground water table in the project districts is also very high as depicted in Table 5-5 thus no adverse impact is anticipated on ground water due to any activities of the project construction. Table 5-5: Ground Water Table of the Project District Bathinda Pre-monsoon depth to water level range (Period: 2013) 20.39 m bgl to 16.50 m.bgl Post-monsoon depth to water level range (Period: 2013) 2.24 to 20.76 m.bgl Barnala Pre-Monsoon depth to Water Level Range 14.43 to 20.62 m bgl Post-monsoon depth to water level range 16.99 to 24.28m bgl Ludhiana Pre-Monsoon depth to Water Level Range 4.32 to 31.22 m bgl Post-monsoon depth to water level range 2.89-27.30 m bgl

During the construction stage the project is not expected to alter the existing water quality on a permanent basis. Depth of the ground water table fluctuation is in the range of 1.05 m to 5.32 mbgl in the project districts, thus no adverse impact is anticipated on ground water due to any activities of the project construction.

There are irrigation canal and natural drains along the course of road including streams. Some impacts are anticipated on the water quality of these water bodies during the construction phase. Silt load in the streams and wells at the culvert and bridge locations may increase during construction and the spillage of hazardous chemicals during accidents that may pollute the waters there by affecting the ecosystem. The issue of blocking of cross drainage should be taken care throughout the project stretch. Care needs to be taken during the construction of culverts across streams.

Degradation of water quality is also possible due to accidental discharges into watercourses from drainage of workers’ camps and from spillage in vehicle parking and/or fuel and lubricant storage areas. However mitigation measures such as construction works close to the streams and other water bodies shall be avoided, especially during monsoon period, disposal of waste arising from the project activities as per SPCB norms and collecting and storing of bituminous wastes and taking it to approved disposal site will minimize the impact.

The Contractor may be directed to provide immediate control measures to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation that will adversely affect construction operations, damage adjacent properties, or cause

Page | 5-16 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul contamination of nearby streams or other watercourses. They are required to follow the sedimentation control measure as given in Appendix 9-1

Some water streams are present along the course of the road. Open wells are also present near the habitation as well as in the agricultural areas. The impact on the surface water quality during operation can be expected due to accidental spillage.

Mitigation Measures: ► Laying of pavement within the formation width may lead to reduction in the ground water recharge capacity. But as the area involved in the road construction is very less, the chances of this influence will be non-significant. ► Ground water quality will be monitored as per environmental monitoring programme during construction phase as well as operation phase. Corrective action will be taken if the ground water quality is found deteriorating. ► To improve ground water, discharge a provision of rainwater harvesting structure has been proposed at ever 500 meters. The design of rainwater harvesting is attached as Annexure 5-1.

Silt Fencing ► Silt fencing will be provided to prevent sediments from the construction site entering into the nearby watercourses. The silt fencing consists of geo textile with extremely small size supported by a wire mesh mounted on a panel made up of angle / wooden frame and post. It is expected a single person will be able to drive the angles by pressing from the top. The frame will be installed at the edge of the water body along which construction is in progress. The numbers of such units to be installed can be decided depending upon the length of the water body along the side of the road construction. The silt fencing is given in Figure 5-2 ► Silt fencing is proposed for a length of 20m. This is based on the primary survey data and detailed discussions with structure engineers wherein it was found that the length shall be sufficient to cover all the road side water bodies. Depending on the length of the individual water body, the number of units of silt fencing to be installed is decided by the Independent Engineer.

Oil interceptor ► Oil and grease from road run-off is another major concern during construction as well as operation. During construction, discharge of oil and grease is most likely from workshops, oil and waste oil storage locations, vehicle parking areas of the contractor and the concessionaires' camps. Oil interceptors shall be provided at all such locations to arrest oil and grease, as per Figure 5-3. The arrested products shall be disposed as per MoEF&CC and SPCB guidelines. The location of all fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area will be at least 300 m from the nearest drain / water body.

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Figure 5-2: Silt Fencing Figure 5-3: Oil interceptor

5.4.15. Biological Environment

The present project does not involve any diversion of Protected forest land and is also not passing close to any wildlife sanctuary or national park within 10 km distance from either side of the project road. Hence the chances of impact on flora, fauna and ecological environment during construction stage will be least.

TREE TRANSPLANTATION

As part of the green corridor initiative, transplantation of smaller girth trees has been proposed. With this regard, the tree transplantation technique that has been successful during the previous attempts was discussed with the forest department and their knowledge has been utilized. Based on the discussions and available literature the methodology for tree transplantation has been proposed. The factors that need to be considered while implementing the tree transplantation scheme are detailed below:

Girth size of the trees should be below 90cm determined by the capacity of the transplanting machine, ► Trees having tap root system should be avoided unless they are very young thereby having smaller tap roots, ► There should be sufficient vertical clearance with respect to overhead utilities for the entire transplanting operation, ► The donor and the recipient sites should be free of underground utilities. The cone of soil dug out by the machine is approximately 2m in depth and has 2m diameter at the ground level, ► Accessibility of the multi- axle truck carrying the transplanting equipment to the donor and recipient sites needs to be ensured.

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The tree transplanted is first used to dig the first pit at the It is then moved to the donor location and positioned recipient location with its blades raised and the gate open around the tree

The gate is the closed and locked hydraulically and the The blades are hydraulically inserted into the ground entire unit is lowered to the ground one at a time

The blades are inserted to their fullest depth after The extracted tree is then tilted into a horizontal which stabilizers are lowered and vertical extraction of position after which the stabilizers are raised and the the ball and tree is completed tree transported to the recipient location.

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Uprooted trees are carefully lowered in the recipient The blades are raised and gate is opened after placing location filled with a solution of vermin-compost, the tree in its recipient location antitermite, antifungal, antibacterial and root promoter

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Greenbelt is an important sink of air pollutants including noise. Green cover in Highway Projects not only helps in reducing pollution level, but also improves the ecological conditions and prevents soil erosion to great extent. It further improves the aesthetics and beneficially influences the microclimate of the surrounding. Many a times, it attracts the avifauna and other wildlife to re-colonize the area. The establishment of plant species also sequesters the soil “carbon, which is the leading gas responsible for the “Global Warming” in Planet Earth.

Greenbelt plantation would be developed in following areas: ► On Both Side of the Highways ► Median Plantation

The species of plantation would be selected considering the soil quality, place of plantation, chances of survival, commercial value etc. Only indigenous species should be planted. Mixed plantation should be done keeping optimum spacing between the saplings. The species for greenbelt development would be selected on the basis of their availability in the area and suitability for the particular location. Further, guideline for greenbelt development given in Central Pollution Control Board’s publication “Guidelines for Development of Greenbelt CPROBES/75/1999-2000”, IRC: SP: 21-2009 and the IRC: SP: 84-2014 would also be followed, while selecting the plant species for greenbelt development. In order to supply of seedlings for the continuing greenbelt development plan, a nursery may be developed in the nearby area. Sapling may be done from seeds or seedling collected from nearby forest areas.

The plant species for Green belt Development will be selected on the basis of following characteristics: ► The species should be native and locally available. ► The species should be fast growing, deep rooted with colonizing behaviour. ► The species should be fruit bearing/flowering with dense foliage cover and small/pendulous leave with smooth surface. ► The species should have good root-shoot ratio and soil-binding capacity. ► The species should have aesthetic beauty and should also be low water demanding. ► The species with ability to fix atmospheric Nitrogen (Preferably Leguminous species of family Fabaceae) may be preferred.

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Traffic Congestion & Safety

Impact:

During construction of road, side drain, etc. temporary blockage of access or interference with the access to the properties located along the RoW may occur, causing inconvenience to the road users, increased traffic jam and enhanced accident risk if not managed properly.

Mitigation Measures: ► Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be prepared prior to commencement of works on any section of road. The traffic control plans will contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day. ► Temporary diversion (including scheme of temporary and acquisition) will be constructed with the approval of the Engineer and the Project Director. Special consideration will be given in the preparation of the traffic control plan to the safety of pedestrians and workers at night. ► The Contractor will ensure that the running surface is always properly maintained, particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the traffic flow occurs. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by frequent application of water, if necessary. ► The Contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of the highway under improvement. ► Safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road shall be ensured by providing temporary access. ► Adequate signage and barricades shall be raised at the expected bottlenecks for safe movement of people. ► On completion of the works, all-temporary obstructions to access, i.e. all rubbish and piles of debris shall be cleared away.

5.4.16. Public Health and Safety

Impact:

Health: ► The effect of emission from gaseous pollutants is only for short term till the construction work is over but the effect may be significant from the point of view that the workers are directly exposed to these emissions. ► The dust and gaseous pollutant generation within the congested area during the construction works will adversely affect the health of people residing in the close proximity of the road. ► Stagnancy of water in borrow pits located nearby settlements during rains may enhance the possibility of spreading of diseases like malaria. ► COVID-19 protocol as per the state norms should be followed at all the labor camps, offices, construction area, etc. Some of the COVID-19 safety measures adopted by the contractor is discussed in Box below:

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COVID-19 Safety Protocols

The safety measures adopted at all the construction sites is as follows: ➢ Social Distancing measures need to be followed at all the officers, construction site, loading and unloading area, etc. ➢ All the works both skill and unskilled labours should wear mask regularly and a supervisor should keep the records for the same. ➢ At the labours camps slogans, training on weakly and monthly basis should be given to all

the workers engaged. ➢ During weakly tool box talks, health issues and common symptoms of COVID-19 need to be discussed among the workers ➢ Provision of sanitizer, mask, etc need to be provided at all the active construction sites. ➢ Labours coming from outstation state need to go for quarantine as per the state norms

➢ There should be isolation ward/ room at all the construction camps for isolating the infected labours. ➢ Random antigen test for the labours need to be done by the contractor. ➢ The contractor needs to make agreements with near by hospitals for handling COVID-19 patient if labours get infected. ➢ The contractor should make batches for the labours, the number of labours in each batch should be fixed. If any one in batch get infected, the whole batch should be isolated and should undergo antigen test. ➢ Posters for COVID-19 awareness should be placed at all the construction camps in local and Hindi language, and in language from the labours state.

Hygiene: ► The sewerage system for the camp if not properly designed, built and operated, may create unhygienic condition and health hazard; will further add pollution to the air and ground water. ► The poor sanitation and accumulated garbage/ waste generated from labor camp may cause increase in communicable diseases if not properly managed / disposed off. ► Vulnerable people may get affected if construction camps if not sited away and adequate health care is not taken for the work force.

Safety: ► Safety risks to road workers, primarily in the areas of storage and handling of materials, operation of heavy machinery close to traffic, slopes, power line and water courses, are also involved during the construction works. ► The vehicles and equipment operation increase the chances of collision with vehicles, pedestrians and livestock.

Mitigation Measures ► The mixing plants and equipment will be installed sufficiently away from the settlement; ► All the construction equipments and vehicles will conform with the emission standards stipulated by the CPCB; ► Safe working techniques will be followed up and all the workers will be trained; ► All the workers will be provided with proper Personal Safety Equipments (PPEs) at construction as well as plant site;

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► Proper caution signage, barricading, delineators etc. will be installed at construction zone and temporary diversions; ► Proper traffic management will be ensured at the construction zone as per IRC; ► An Emergency Response system in case of any incidence will be developed and implemented; ► Periodical health check facility will be provided at camp sites. ► Latrines and urinals in an accessible place, and separate accommodation as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers will be provided within the precincts of every workplace. ► Latrines and urinals will be cleaned at least four times daily and at least twice during working hours and kept in a strict sanitary condition. ► If women are employed, separate latrines will be provided for them. There will be adequate supply of water, close to latrines and urinals. ► All temporary accommodation will be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. ► The sewerage system for the camp will be properly designed, built and operated so that no health occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourses takes place. ► Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. ► Construction camps are to be sited away from vulnerable people and adequate health care is to be provided for the work force. ► On completion of the works, the whole of such temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the whole of the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer. ► Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to. ► The guidelines for setting and layout of construction camps are given in Appendix 9-1; G-1

5.5. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION DURING OPERATION

During operation stage, the main sources of environmental impacts are increased traffic volume and speeds and better accessibility. The increase in traffic volume and speed may enhance the safety risk especially in the rural areas along the project road. The better accessibility will enhance the economic development of the region. However, no sudden change in traffic volume is expected as the road is already existing one and opened for public traffic. The project also provides the opportunities of the restoration of vegetation around the vicinity of the worksite and roads by implementing the compensatory plantation programme, which will not only enhance the aesthetic view but can also help in reclamation of soil. During operational phase this will be enhanced with the activities associated with the maintenance of landscape such as plantation programme, by providing roadside amenities, parks etc.

5.5.1. Soil Environment

Impact:

Impacts on soil during operation stage are likely to be minimum as contaminations are expected only during periodical maintenance of project road and from accidental spillage.

Mitigation Measures:

It will be emphasized that the probability of such an accident is quite low, as one of the objectives of the design is the enhancement of road safety.

5.5.2. Air environment

Impact:

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As the project envisages improvement of road conditions for smooth traffic flow, the project will have beneficial impact on air quality of the region during its operation. However, when viewed with respect to the existing ambient air quality or with respect to compliance of ambient air quality standards during the post improvement phase of the road stretch, due to the increase in the traffic volume, the impact on air quality along the project road is likely to be minor.

After improvement of the existing road, the traffic is expected to move smoothly at higher designed speeds, which will assure lower emissions of gaseous pollutants, further improving air quality in the region and hence not expected to affect the air quality adversely.

Mitigation Measures:

As indicated in this report earlier, the air pollutant will be from vehicular movement on road and emission from road side industries. As such the nation and international bodies are quite active in controlling the air pollution through emission limit, auto technology and fuel quality which will counter the increase in air pollution due to increase in traffic during operation phase. Additional measures/proposed are below: ► Pollution resistant species, which can grow in high pollutant concentrations or even absorb pollutants, can be planted along the roadside. ► Monitoring of air pollution levels at sensitive locations shall be carried out all through the operation stage to check that the pollution levels are within standards prescribed by CPCB. A monitoring plan to this effect has been prepared. Table 5-6 depicted the Summary of potential impact and mitigation measures proposed during operation phase of the project. Table 5-6: Summary of potential impact and mitigation measures proposed Sl. Item Impact Reason Mitigation/ Enhancement No 1 Air Quality Stage Temporary & ► Shifting of utilities ► Sprinkling of water Specific ► Removal of trees and ► Fine material to be (Dust vegetation completely covered during Generation) Transportation of transport and stocking. material ► Plant to be installed in ► Installation of downwind direction from construction plants nearby settlement. 2 Air Quality Moderate ► Clearing and grubbing ► Air pollution Norms will be emissions- Impacts materials enforced, Laborers will be Construction (Gaseous ► Dumping brushing of provided mask. stage pollutants and the surface access ► Local people will be dust generation) roads to borrow areas educated on safety and ► Hot mix plants precaution. ► Crushers paving of ► On access roads, newly asphalt layers constructed embankments ► Labour camps. etc. 3 Air quality Moderate ► Air pollutants from ► Compliance with future emissions- Impacts traffic dust emissions statutory regulatory operational stage (Gaseous from types requirements pollutants) ► Auto technology, vehicle fuel quality-improvements 4 Air Quality - ► Effectiveness/ ► Measures will be revised & Monitoring shortfall (if any) improved to ► Any unforeseen mitigate/enhance impacts environment due to any unforeseen impacts.

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5.5.3. Noise Environment

Anticipated Impacts

Noise is perceived as one of the most undesirable consequences of road development. Though the level of discomfort caused by noise is subjective, there is a definite increase in discomfort with an increase in noise levels. The most commonly reported impacts of increased noise levels are interference in oral communication and disturbance in sleep. Table 5-7 highlights the Ambient Noise Standards according to the Noise Pollution (Control and Regulation) Rules, 2000 under the section 6 and section 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) read with rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. Table 5-7: Ambient Noise Standards Limits in dB(A) Leq * Land use Day Time Night Time Industrial area 75 70 Commercial area 65 55 Residential area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40 *dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing. Nightime: 10:00 pm – 6.00 am

The impact on noise quality due to the project will be of significance in both construction as well as operation stages.

A. Construction Stage

Due to the various construction activities, there will be short-term noise impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor. The construction activities include: ► Excavation for foundations with excavators; ► Grading and compaction of the site with graders and rollers; and ► Construction of cross drainage structures and other facilities.

Though the noise levels for the construction activities far exceed the permissible standards, it is important to note that the construction noise is generally intermittent and depends on the type of operation, location and function of the equipment. Proper mitigation measures like regulation of timings of construction, employing noise protection measures etc., need to be worked out.

B. Operation Stage

With the increase in traffic, noise levels are expected to increase along the project corridor. However, with reduced congestion levels as a result of bypass and improvement of road surface, noise levels are going to be considerably lower in the ‘with project scenario’.

Sensitive receptors like schools, colleges, hospitals and forest area along the project road will be impacted due to increased traffic volume and consequently increased traffic noise on the widened road. There are educational institutes and settlments falling within 500mts along the project road. Some are partially affected and some remain unaffected.

Raising the height of boundary walls and plantation are proposed around these educational institutes and hospitals to decrease the intensity of highway noise also to provide safety to the schools not having boundary wall.

The species of trees selected for noise attenuation should have following properties:

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1. Planation should be carried out three-Tire: A vegetative barrier should ideally form an irregular structure comprising 1. Trees, 2. Shrubs, 3, Herbs and Litter Layers.

2. Plant having Density, Height and thick Foliage cover should be considered

3. Plant having large –leaves: Deciduous species may be more efficient at reducing noise. Evergreen trees will provide better year-round attenuation.

Tree species having Noise Attenuation Factor are as follows: 1.Terminalia Arjuna, 2.Alstonia scholaris, 3.Azadirachta Indica, 4.Butea Monosperma,5. Mangifer Indica,6. Madhuca Indica, 7.Juniperus chinesis, 8.Eucalyptus Citradora, 9. Kigelia pinnata

Impact on sensitive locations

Based on the results of noise predictions carried out, a list of locations with higher noise levels have been prepared which are likely to be adversely affected as a result of the implementation of the project. For each of the receptors suitable mitigation measures in form of vegetative / structural barriers have been recommended based on factors such as: ► Required Attenuation ► Space Availability ► Maintenance Requirements ► Cost Effectiveness

Predicted Noise Levels:

Noise level modelling will be carried out considering sensitive receptors, like schools, hospitals, Eco- Sensitive Zone, etc. The prediction of modelling is attached as Annexure – 5-3.

Mitigation Measures

A. Construction Stage

The plants and equipment used for construction shall strictly conform to existing noise norms. Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations (as per manufacture schedule), the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and incase of any defect, shall be replaced immediately. The noise level from any item of plants (measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes, vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.

In construction sites within 150m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the nighttime between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. No noisy construction activities will be permitted around the silence zones, a distance of 100m from the sensitive receptors as hospitals, educational institutions etc. Blasting will be carried out as per The Explosives Rules, 1983. Prior intimation of operational hours of the blasting will be given to the people living near such blasting sites. Blasting will not be undertaken in night hours. To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with protective devices such as earplugs.

Noise level Monitoring shall be carried out to monitor and keep a check on noise levels during construction phase. Monitoring is to be carried out for all 3 seasons a year (except monsoons) for 2.5 years (construction period). The sites for monitoring include: ► Equipment Yard - location to be decided by the contractor (at 5 locations within the yard) ► Junior, Senior an high Secondary School ► Hospital

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► Eco- Sensitive area ► The detailed of monitoring location is discussed in Chapter -9

The detailed monitoring schedule has been discussed in the Environment Management Plan

B. Operation Phase

Noise Barriers:

Noise barriers have been proposed at specific receptor locations along the corridor based on the receptor, number of users, availability of space for the barrier and predicted noise levels. The following types of noise barriers have been considered for noise attenuation. ► Physical barriers in the form of walls ► Rearrangement of the sensitive locations, through changes in the internal planning where possible ► Vegetative barriers in the form of thick screen of vegetation

An evaluation of the various types of noise barriers have been made and based on their suitability and extent of noise attenuation, feasible noise barriers have been proposed for the project. A noise barrier of 500 meters length has been proposed to be constructed at noise sensitive receptors.

Physical Barriers: attenuate noise level up to a maximum of 20 dB(A). As they do not require any large space, they can be easily constructed. However, there are a few drawbacks. ► High cost involved in the construction of the barriers ► Such barriers cause severance on either side of the highway ► Such barrier facilitates opportunistic encroachment for urban squatters.

Vegetative Barriers: attenuate noise level up to a maximum of 10dB(A). These barriers require a considerable area and for attenuation of 10 dB(A) they require a depth of 40m.

Other measures for noise level reduction like structural modifications or change in the internal layout of these locations calls for consultation with the community.

Barrier Design:

Structural barriers have been proposed for schools and hospital. In these institutes, the height of the existing boundary wall (if present) needs to be increased to achieve desired noise attenuation. Where boundary wall does not exist, new wall is to be constructed for noise attenuation. A masonry wall of 5m height and length depending on school length is proposed to be constructed.

Vegetative barriers have been proposed for the rest of the educational institutes the depth of barrier would differ from structure to structure depending on the space available.

Vegetative Noise Barrier:

For the rest of the educational institutes, vegetative barrier has been proposed. The thickness of the barrier will depend on the space available between the proposed ROW edge and the school boundary wall after the necessary acquisitions are over.

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Figure 5-4: Compound wall and trees as noise barrier

Specific noise related mitigation measures are given in Table 5-8 as given below.

Table 5-8: Noise Related Mitigation Measures Sl. No. Item Impact Reason Mitigation / Enhancement ► Noise barrier n the form of ► Increase in noise increasing of school building Sensitive Direct pollution 1. boundary wall at untwada receptors impact ► Man, material and school along road. machinery movements. ► No horn zone sign post ► Area specific and for short duration. Noise Pollution ► Establishment of labour ► Machinery to be checked and Direct (Pre- camps, onsite offices, complied with noise 2a. impact, short Construction stock yards and pollution regulations. duration Stage) construction plants ► Camps to be setup away from the settlements, in the down wind direction ► Camps to be setup away ► Stone crushing, asphalt from the settlements, in the production plant and down wind direction. Noise Pollution Marginal batching plants, diesel ► Noise pollution regulation to 2b. (Construction Impact generators etc. be monitored and enforced. Stage) ► Community residing ► Temporary as the work zones near to the work zones. will be changing with completion of construction. Noise Pollution ► Due to increase in ► Will be compensated with Marginal 2c. (Operation traffic (due to improved the uninterrupted movement Impact Stage) facility) of heavy and light vehicles ► Measures will be revised and ► Effectiveness / shortfall Noise Pollution improved to mitigate / 3. (if any) Any unforeseen Monitoring enhance environment due to impact any unforeseen impact.

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5.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Anticipated Impacts ► The project road does not produce any effluent or solid waste in operation stage. However, some solid wastes will be generated due to demolition activities. ► Septic tank will be constructed at labour camps for storage of sewer and shall be collected by the municipal authority by their collection van as and when required. ► Spoil, overburden will be generated during construction. But as far as possible the solid waste generated will be reused in road construction work depending upon the suitability of the material and the unused material shall be dumped to land fill site. Mine waste is not applicable. ► Municipal wastes will be generated in construction camps. Assuming a total of 500 construction workers and 20 technical staff for the project and project duration of 24 months. Approximately 140.25 kg per day of municipal solid waste and sludge will be generated due to the project. ► The wastes generated during construction do not contain any hazardous, toxic or radioactive materials. However, in case of accidents during construction and operation phase, hazardous substances can be introduced by vehicles carrying these substances .As per Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules,1989, Schedule I, Part II , the following materials would be hazardous and toxic in case of any accidents caused by the vehicles:

1. Benzene (from petrol driven vehicles)

2. Methane (from petrol driven vehicles)

Sewage will be generated from construction workers camp and will be suitably disposed off.

Mitigation Measures

These solid wastes will be used for road construction to the extent possible depending upon its suitability of the material, rest will be disposed in dumping site and borrow areas which are located in barren land. Domestic solid waste collected from the labour camps shall be handed over to the municipal corporation for disposal. Waste oil generated due to the operation of the construction vehicle and machinery shall be used for shutter works by the Contractor and rest of the waste oil shall be disposed to secured landfill. ► Wastes generated from the road will be reused in road construction works depending upon the suitability of the material and the balance unsuitable material shall be dumped in landfill sites. ► After construction is over, these machines and equipments will be demobilized from the site and the site suitably cleared of any oil, grease and wastes. ► Necessary measures will be taken during construction to avoid soil contamination by oil from construction machineries and vehicles.

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6. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

6.1.1. Objectives of EMP

The monitoring programme is devised to ensure that the envisaged purpose of the project is achieved and results in desired benefit to the target population. To ensure effective implementation of the EMP, it is essential that an effective monitoring programme be designed and carried out. Broad objectives of the monitoring programme are: 1. To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP 2. To suggest improvements in the management plans, if required 3. To satisfy the statutory and community obligations 4. To provide feedback on adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment

The monitoring programme contains monitoring plan for all performance indicators, reporting formats and necessary budgetary provisions. Monitoring plan for performance indicators and reporting system is presented in the following sections. A budgetary provision for the envisaged programme is presented in Chapter – 10: Environment Management Plan

6.2. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Physical, biological and environmental management components identified as of particular significance in affecting the environment at critical locations have been suggested as Performance Indicators (PIs). The Performance Indicators shall be evaluated under three heads as: ► Environmental condition indicators to determine efficacy of environmental management measures in control of air, noise, water and soil pollution; ► Environmental management indicators to determine compliance with the suggested environmental management measures ► Operational performance indicators have also been devised to determine efficacy and utility of the mitigation/enhancement designs proposed.

The Performance Indicators and monitoring plans prepared for the project are presented in Table 6-1 below:

Table 6-1: Performance Indicators for the Project Monitoring Sl. Indicator Details Stage Responsibility No A Environmental Condition Indicators and Monitoring Plan The parameters to be Contractor through Air Quality monitored, frequency and Construction approved NABL duration of monitoring as well monitoring agency 1 as the locations to be monitored Contractor through will be as per the table 8-3. Operation approved NABL given Monitoring Plan prepared monitoring agency (Refer Table 8-2) Environmental Impact Assessment Report M I D D L E Page | 6-1 EAST Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Sl. Indicator Details Stage Responsibility No Contractor through Construction approved NABL monitoring agency 2 Noise Levels Contractor through Operation approved NABL monitoring agency Contractor through 3 Water Quality Construction approved NABL monitoring agency Contractor through 4 Soil Quality Construction approved NABL monitoring agency B Environmental Management Indicators and Monitoring Plan Locations for dumping sites Contractor through have to be identified and Pre- approved monitoring Dumping 1 parameters indicative of Construction agency Locations environment in the area has to Stage be reported Location of construction camps Contractor through have to be identified and approved monitoring Construction Pre- 2 parameters indicative of agency Camps construction environment in the area has to be reported Location of borrow areas have Contractor through to be identified and parameters Pre- approved monitoring 3 Borrow Areas indicative of environment in the construction agency area has to be reported Progress of enhancement Contractor through measures suggested for cultural approved monitoring 4 Enhancements properties, water bodies and Construction agency incidental spaces is to be reported Progress of measures suggested Contractor through Tree 5 as part of the Landscaping Construction approved monitoring Plantation Strategy is to be reported agency Implementation of the measures Contractor through suggested for top soil approved monitoring 6 Top Soil preservation shall be reported Construction agency by Contractor to Independent Engineer C Management & Operational Performance Indicators The number of trees surviving Operation The Contractor will be Survival Rate during each visit will be responsible for 1 of Trees compared with the number of monitoring up to 2 year saplings planted since sapling planted. The PIU will visit each of the Operation The Contractor will be Utility of enhancement locations (for responsible for Enhancement 2 cultural properties and monitoring up to a period Provisions incidental spaces) to determine as directed by Contract

the efficacy of the Document (3 years).

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Sl. Indicator Details Stage Responsibility No enhancements carried out and the community utilization of such areas. The PIU will undertake site Operation The Contractor will be Status visits to determine how many responsible for Regarding borrow areas have been monitoring until handed it 3 Rehabilitation rehabilitated in line with the over to the land owner. of Borrow landowners request and to their Areas full satisfaction. The PIU will visit such Operation The Contractor will be sensitive locations along with responsible for the environmental monitoring monitoring upto contract Utility of 4 agency (responsible for period . Noise Barrier monitoring of noise levels during operation stage) to check for the efficacy of noise barrier.

6.3. PLAN for environmental conditions

For each of the environmental condition indicator, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters to be monitored; location of the monitoring sites; frequency and duration of monitoring. The monitoring plan also specifies the applicable standards, implementation and supervising responsibilities. The monitoring plan for environmental condition indicators of the project in construction and operation stages is presented in Table 6-2 below:

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Table 6-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan Attribut Special Institutional Responsibility Project Stage Parameter Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures e Guidance Implementation Supervision PM10, High Air Once every Continuou (i) Wherever Contractor through Engineer / PM2.5, volume (prevention season s 24 Wherever air approved PIU – SO2, sampler to and Control (except hours/ or the pollution monitoring agency Bathinda NO2, be located of monsoons) for 1 full contractor parameters &CO 100 m from Pollution) per year for working decides to increase the plant in Rules, each year of day locate the above the CPCB, Construction Hot mix specified Construction downwind 1994 plant standards, direction. (ii) At additional Use method critical measures specified by stretches as decided CPCB for as by the analysis indicated Engineer in Table 8- shall be 3 adopted Air PM10, Respirable Air Once every Continuou i) At Wherever Contractor through PIU – PM2.5, Dust (prevention season s 24 hours critical air approved Bathinda SO2, NO2 Sampler / and Control except stretches pollution monitoring agency &CO High of monsoon as parameters volume Pollution) season for indicated increase sampler to Rules, two years in Table 8- above be located CPCB, after 3 specified 100 m from 1994 completion standards, Operation the plant in of additional the construction measures downwind activity. as decided direction. by the Use method Engineer specified by shall be CPCB for adopted analysis

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Attribut Special Institutional Responsibility Project Stage Parameter Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures e Guidance Implementation Supervision All Grab Indian Each season Grab At all At Contractor through Independent parameter sample Standards (except Sampling locations locations of approved Engineer / s as per collected for Inland monsoon) as increase in NABL/MoEf&CC PIU IS:10500 from source Surface for each year indicated water monitoring agency (2012) for and Waters (IS: during the in Table 8- pollution, ground analyses as 2296, 1982) Construction 3 all inflow water and per and for Period channels inland Standard Drinking shall be water Methods for Water (IS: checked for parameter Examinatio 10500, pollution s as per n of Water 2012) loads and CPCB and channel Wastewater delivering higher Water Construction pollution load shall be terminated from disposal into the water source and other methods of disposal shall be adopted Noise 1 m from MoEF&C Once every Readings Wherever In case of Contractor Independen Constructio levels on the C Noise season to be the noise through approved t Engineer / Noise n dB (A) equipment Rules, (except taken at contractor levels NABL/MoEF&C PIU scale whose 2000 monsoons) 15 decides to causing C

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Attribut Special Institutional Responsibility Project Stage Parameter Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures e Guidance Implementation Supervision Noise noise for 2.5 seconds locate the disturbanc monitoring levels on levels are years interval Equipmen e to the agency dB (A) being for 15 t yard sensitive scale determined minutes receptors, . every height of hour and then averaged. boundary Noise Equivalent MoEF&C Once every Readings At critical wall of EPC Contractor Independen levels on noise C Noise season to be stretches receptor to through approved t Engineer / dB (A) levels Rules, (except taken at as be monitoring PIU scale using an 2000 monsoons) 15 indicated increased agency Noise integrated for each seconds in Table levels on noise level year of interval 8-3 dB (A) meter kept Constructio for 15 scale at a n minutes distance of every 15 from hour and edge of then pavement averaged. Noise Equivalent MoEF&CC Once every Readings At all the In case of Contractor, through PIU levels on noise levels Noise season to be critical noise levels an approved dB (A) using an Rules, 2000 (except taken at receptors causing monitoring agency dayscale integrated monsoons) 15 as disturbance Noise noise level for two year seconds mentioned to the Operation levels on meter kept after interval in sensitive dB at a completion for 15 Table 8-3 receptors, (A)night distance of of minutes (ii) double- scale 15 from construction every hour Additional glazing of edge of activity. and then sites will openings of pavement averaged. be the receptor

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Attribut Special Institutional Responsibility Project Stage Parameter Standards Frequency Duration Location Measures e Guidance Implementation Supervision monitored. shall be The provided. location will be decided by the PIU (EC). EPC Contractor Independent Soil Monitoring after any major accidents / spillage during bulk transport of hazardous material. through approved Engineer / Construction Depending on the type of spillage/accident the parameters to be monitored will be decided by the monitoring agency PIU Engineer apart from those mentioned above.

Table 6-3: List of Monitoring Stations Attributions Stage Location Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Hot mix plant At Critical Locations - At Ch 00+500; at Ballowal Village - At Ch 11+500; at Halwara Village Construction - At Ch 22+250; at Raikot - At Ch 35+800; at Gehal - At Ch 60+300; at Sandhu Kalan - At Ch 76+ 290; at Bhaini Air

- At Ch 00+500; at Ballowal Village - At Ch 11+500; at Halwara Village - At Ch 22+250; at Raikot Operation - At Ch 35+800; at Gehal - At Ch 60+300; at Sandhu Kalan - At Ch 76+ 290; at Bhaini

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Attributions Stage Location Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Equipment Yard. - At Ch 00+00; at Narangwal Kalan settlement - At Ch 05+200; at Sarabha settlement - At Ch 13+000; Halwara Village Construction - At Ch 30+250; Nathowal Village - At Ch 51+000; Badhata Village - At Ch 72+100; Sadhana Village Noise - At Ch 00+00; at Narangwal Kalan settlement - At Ch 05+200; at Sarabha settlement - At Ch 13+000; Halwara Village Operation - At Ch 30+250; Nathowal Village - At Ch 51+000; Badhata Village - At Ch 72+100; Sadhana Village

- At Ch 13+000; Halwara Village - At Ch 30+800; Nathowal Village Construction/Operation - At Ch 50+500; Badhata Village Ground Water Phase - At Ch 61+100; Sandhu Kalan Village - At Ch 72+600; Sadhana Village

- At Ch 00+500; Ballowal Village - At Ch 30+050; Nathowal Village Construction/Operation Surface Water - At Ch 46+800; Ramgarh Village Phase - At Ch 64+000; Phule Wala Village - At Ch 69+500; Harman Singh Wala Village

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Attributions Stage Location - At Ch 00+250; Ballowal Village - At Ch 13+200; Halwara Village - At Ch 45+700; Gehal Village Soil Construction/Operation - At Ch 46+000; Phule wala Village - At Ch 76+000; Bhaini Village

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6.4. REPORTING SYSTEM

Reporting system and its proper implementation will provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works. It also gives us an idea whether the construction and implementation work is as per schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project. The reporting system will operate linearly. The contractor will report to the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC), who in turn shall report to the PD/PIU -Bhatinda. All reporting by the contractor and CSC shall be on a quarterly basis. The Project Director (PD) based on the EMP activity identified shall be responsible for preparing targets. All subsequent reporting by the contractor shall be monitored as per these targets set by the PD/PIU before the contractors move on to the site. The Contractor on monthly bases will report/ submit the progress of work, which will form the basis for monitoring by the PD/PIU, either by its own Environmental Engineer/s or the Environmental Specialist hired by the CSC. The desired monitoring and reporting process and responsibilities are given in Table 7-2: (Monitoring, Reporting Plan & Responsibility). The monitoring and the subsequent reporting would include:

► Monitoring of facilities at construction camps ► Monitoring of air, noise, soil and water quality parameters including silt load ► Monitoring of survival rate of trees planted on valley slopes ► Monitoring of cleaning of drains and water bodies ► Monitoring for biodiversity – protection measures during construction phase ► Monitoring of afforestation and other environmental safeguard

A detailed reporting system for all the Performance Indicators has been developed and is presented in Appendix 9-1 & 9-2 Reporting formats for Contractors have been prepared, which will form the basis of monitoring by CSC.

In addition to these formats, to ensure that the environmental provisions are included at every activity of the implementation by the Contractor, it is suggested that the approval of the environmental personnel of the engineer is required in the Request for application to proceed or other similar reporting formats used by the Contractor. These will not only ensure that the environmental provisions are addressed but also link the satisfactory compliance to environmental procedures prior to approval of the Interim Payment Certificate (IPC) by the Engineer. The activities by the Contractor that can impact the environment will be identified based on discussions between the PIU, team leader of the Independent Engineer and the Environmental personnel of the Independent Engineer. The decisions will be communicated to the Contractor prior to the start of the construction activities.

6.5. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

The NHAI is responsible for implementation of all the mitigation and management measure suggested in the EMP. The NHAI already has certain organizational and institutional capacity to be able to satisfactorily complete the implementation of the EMP. The capacity was mainly created due to the requirements of implementing of this project corridor of the NHDP.

6.6. TRAINING

The Environmental Unit at the NHAI headquarters and the PIUs, who would be responsible for the implementation of the EMP, need to be trained on the effective implementation of the environmental issues.

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 6-10 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul To ensure the success of the implementation set up proposed, there is a high requirement of training and skill up-gradation at the field level also.

The requirements of training will be in line with the existing modules being adopted by NHAI for training of the implementing agency. Additional training if required will be identified by the PIU during/prior to implementation and accordingly included in the Scope of Services of the Engineer employed for supervision of the project with necessary budgetary provisions.

6.7. INSTITUTIONAL FRAME WORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (EMF) IMPLEMENTATION

The PIU – Bathinda has extensive experience in building and maintaining roads over the years. However, the traditional emphasis is now shifting with other concerns such as environmental and social impacts of the proposed development now becoming important for the successful implementation of major projects. As road and other works of PIU works expands, environmental work load will increase. The organizational set- up of the PIU – Bathinda and modifications required in order to meet these new challenges are discussed in the following sections. Figure 4 1 shows the organizational arrangements for the implementation of the Project

6.8. CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF PIU BATHINDA FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ► There is no dedicated unit in PIU Bathinda for environment and social management/ oversight ► Those staff assigned for environmental works in the donor funded project – gain experience. But get transferred to other works. Knowledge and expertise - not sustained. ► Because of lack of capacity – in preparation of this project consultant hired for preparing environmental documents, Screening, EMF, EA and EMP ► Therefore, during implementation also needed external support/ HR/ Consultant. Also needed orientations and training to various stakeholders including PIU staff, contractor, and communities on environmental management and mitigations subjects. Indicate what these training, orientations, HR needs are. ► For longer term, PIU needs to establish a dedicated unit for Environmental and Social Oversight and Management. An assessment needs to be done during early stage of implementation for establishment of such unit: detailed ToR of the unit, staff, logistics, mandate etc.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 6-11

Figure 6-1: Institutional Arrangement for Implementation of EMP

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6.9. PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL SET UP FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

The Implementation of environment safeguards, PIU need to establish an Environment cell headed by Project Director and under the governance of new Project Director PIU separate from the PIU executing and monitoring the ongoing projects. The Executive Engineer (Environment) will be assisted by Assistant Engineers (AE) who will be responsible for this road. AE will be supported by Junior Engineers (JEs). Each road project will have at least one JE during project construction stage and may be more considering size of the road contract packages.

PIU will be supported by Project Preparation Consultant (PPC) environment team during project preparation stage and by Construction Supervision Consultant’s environment team during project implementation stage. Figure 8-1 shows the proposed organizational arrangements for the implementation of the EMP in BharatMala Project.

The construction contractor shall be responsible for undertaking all duties and work assigned in the road construction contract, including al specific conditions in the EMP. He should prepare an implementation plan of mitigation actions as specified in the EMP Activity Table 8-2. The contractor will work closely with the Supervision Consultant to ensure that works are constructed to standard. The details of staffing requirement for implementation of the EMP in the contractor’s office are given in table below:

Table 6-4: Staffing Patterns in Contractor Office Sl.No. Designation Nos Qualification Role & Responsibility 1 Senior 1 Garduate in Civil Engineer/M.Sc S/he will be responsible for Construction in Environmental/P.G in implementation of safety plan in the Safety Industrial and construction construction zone, traffic manage Engineer Safety. management including all temporary OSHAS Certification is works/staging along with the structure Mandatory. Minimum 10 years’ or bridge engineer to conform the experience in relevant field with 5 safety point of view. years’ experience at a road/bridge He should keep records of any construction in the capacity of a accident or safety violation to project safety engineer. manager. He will proper safety and health procedure to the entire construction workers. He will be responsible to conduct training programmes and moke safety drills. 2 Construction 1 Garduate in Civil Engineer/M.Sc He will assist the Senior Construction Safety in Environmental/P.G in Safety Engineer and help in Engineer Industrial and construction preparation of reporting, data entry & Safety. OSHAS Certification is Trainings to the workers. Mandatory. Minimum 5 years’ experience in relevant field with 2 years’ experience at a road/bridge construction in the capacity of a safety engineer. 3 Senior 1 Graduate in Civil Engineer/M.Sc He will be responsible for identifying Environmental Environmental Science. the location of construction camps, Officer Minimum 10 years’ experience in WMM Plant and all other issues relevant field with 5 years’ according to the Environmental experience at a road/bridge Management Action Plan. He will be construction in the capacity of a responsible for smooth Environmental engineer. implementation of EMP. Environmental Baseline monitoring at Construction site. Compliance

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 6-13 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul Sl.No. Designation Nos Qualification Role & Responsibility submission of SPCB, Forest, etc. 4 Environmental 2 Graduate in Civil Engineer/M.Sc He will assist the Senior Officer Environmental Science. Environmental Engineer, help in Minimum 5 years’ experience in preparation of Complaisance report, relevant field with 2 years’ and other environmental issues. experience at a road/bridge construction in the capacity of a Environmental engineer. 5 Senior Social 1 PG in Sociology, Social Work, He will address the issues of social officer Geography, MSW and alike. welfare, public grievances, land Minimum 10 years’ experience in acquisition issues, public interaction, relevant field with 5 years’ resettlement issues, etc experience at a R&R, DPR Preparation, Land Acquisition, etc 6 Lesioning 1 PG in any Field. He will be responsible for lesioning officer Minimum 10 years’ experience in with different offices like Tehsil, relevant field with 5 years’ VCP, YMA, Forest, PHED, etc. experience in public relation, lesioning with different offices, etc. 7 Landscaping 1 PG in Botany, Forestry, He will look after planation specialist/ Bio- Landscaping and Horticulture work/Bioengineering work carried out engineering and alike. by the contractor. He will also be expert Minimum 5 years’ experience in responsible for maintenance of relevant field with 2 years’ Nursery at site and selection of experience in landscaping/ bio- species to be planted in consultation engineering work in Hilly area with forest department. He will etc. maintain all records related to planation and survival rate of planted saplings. 8 Earth Work 3 Diploma/ civil engineer. He will be responsible for cutting and Supervisor Minimum 5 years’ experience in filling work at construction site. relevant field with 2 years’ experience in cutting and filling supervision work. Preference will be for experience in hilly area

Institutional frame work for EMF implementation has been discussed in Table 6-5. It indicate the proposed responsibilities of PIU environment cell, consultant and contract at different stages of the project starting from project preparation stage to implementation of the project.

Table 6-5: Institutional frame work for EMF implementation Activity Phase PIU Environment cell Consultant Contractor ► Pre- ► Preparation of ToR ► Environmental Construction: for : activities. ► Project ► Preliminary screening ► Conduct field survey ► Identification ► Screening ► Prepare preliminary ► & Pre- ► Scoping screening report feasibility ► Employ ► Prepare environmental ► Studies. environmental screening report ► Environmental ► Consultants ► Categorization of the

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 6-14 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul Activity Phase PIU Environment cell Consultant Contractor ► Screening ► Consultation with project as per GOI stake holders requirement ► Feasibility ► Preparation of ToR ► Conduct EIA/SIA Study: for EIA (if required) Study: ► Environmental ► Collect baseline data ► Assessment ► Ensure continuing public consultation & participation ► Communities ► Identify & predict impacts ► Prescribe/develop mitigation measures with local inputs ► Prepare EIA/ report & submit to PIU ► Engineering ► Employ consultant- ► Finalise analysis of ► Design engineers alternatives ► Minimise the impact by design change ► Monitor EMP & other impact mitigation ► Project ► Review/Approve of ► Modify EIA ► Implement EMP Appraisal & EIA ► Modify and Prepare ► Establish & maintain Approval ► Conduct Survey & EMP Submit the report support activities (in Contract Design to PIU health, education & awarding ► Participate in design other services & of alignment, etc infrastructural facilities ► Implementation for labourers & communities) ► Construction ► Contract consultants ► See that environmental ► Assure local labourers Phase & contractors damages are avoided or & stakeholders ► Prepare work mitigated participate in schedule ► See that beneficial construction & ► Monitor & review impacts are taken implementing EMP, Manage labour ► reports identified and enhanced arrangements ► Encourage contractors to employ local labourers ► Check the ToRs & ensure that social & environmental action plans are followed ► TOR for cumulative impact assessment ► Engage consultant for cumulative impact assessment

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 6-15 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul Activity Phase PIU Environment cell Consultant Contractor ► Monitoring ► Monitor technical ► Prepare monitoring ► Maximize employment Compliance works report for client of local labourers Monitoring ► Monitor ► Conduct impact ► environmental works monitoring ► Operations & ► Conduct post ► Observe road ► Maximize employment Maintenance construction maintenance & of local laborers. evaluation compliance with ► Employ local petty contract norms contractors for ► Monitor appropriate patchwork Employ road safety measures locals/migrants in compliance construction to reduced ► Evaluate construction unemployment works conformance with standard specifications

6.10. CAPACITY BUILDING

There is a need for capacity building of PIU NHAI on various environmental and social aspects of the project through various environmental training. Recently, there has been change of statutory requirements for this similar projects based on new EIA Notification. This has changed the landscape of legal and administrative framework for implementing the projects. Thus, there is a need for the PIU staff to updating the information and keeping abreast with the changing legal and administrative requirement. For successful implementation of EMP, it is essential to orient Engineers of PIU, CSC and Contractor who would be mobilized for this project. One day environmental orientation workshop will be conducted each at by PIU, once most of the staff has been mobilized.

6.11. TRAINING FOR CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT

Need for training

To enable the NHAI in integrating the social and environmental issues in its day-to-day operation and in internalizing the environmental and social issues in the existing and future road development projects training is conceived. To achieve this goal, the NHAI, needs training on road development and environment management and the effective implementation of the environmental issues.

Targets of proposed training

The training programme will equip the environmental personnel of NHAI to implement and supervise the EMP and expose senior members of the NHAI to environmental and social issues associated with the highway projects. Such a group of senior staff can then be given the responsibility of active dissemination of the culture of environmental/social consciousness and ethics within the rest of the organization.

Once the environmental staff of NHAI have received training and have gained experience through the implementation of the EMP, they should be ready to resume leadership role within the NHAI in providing training and in implementing future projects. In order to disseminate environmental experience gained by the NHAI, each staff would be required to maintain good records and prepare dissemination notes on specific issues and problems encountered and resolved, and how the experience gained could be integrated

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 6-16 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul in future road projects. Competent members of the NHAI should be offered additional environmental training and should be encouraged to train other staff.

Proposed training components

The environmental training aspects of the environmental personnel of NHAI should encompass the following: ► Understanding of the relevant environmental regulations and their application to the project. ► Environmental management practices in hill roads upgradation and maintenance ► Main impacts of the project on the environment. ► Mitigation measures as given in the EMP and their implementation through incorporation in the design, construction supervision and monitoring. ► Duties and responsibilities of the Contractors, Supervisor Engineers, Supervision Consultants and the NHAI. ► Public/community consultation and its role during the implementation of the project. ► Liaison with other departments and relevant agencies (such as Forestry). ► Supervision of the implementation of the EMP and social issues during construction and operation. Resolution of environmental and social issues and their reporting. ► Monitoring during construction and operation. ► Weekly, monthly and quarterly report preparations and submission.

Preparation of dissemination notes, holding of workshops, and training of other staff in NHAI.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 6-17

7. ADDATIONAL STUDY

The proposed Ludhiana Bathinda Greenfield Highway is having a length of 75+543 Km. It passes through the towns of Halwara and Raikot. Also it has been mentioned that the project highway shall connect Delhi – Katra – Amritsar Expressway and Amritsar Greenfield Expressway. however, considering the importance of the project road, the take off location becomes extremely critical. This is explained below: • The Project Highway connects various greenfield Highways and Expressways proposed in the State of Punjab. • These Greenfield highways include Proposed Delhi Katra Expressway, Greenfield Ludhiana Ring Road and Amritsar Bathinda Greenfield Highway. • The Greenfield Ludhiana Ring Road starts from Delhi Katra Expressway in North and terminates at South also at Delhi Katra Expressway traversing through East of Ludhiana. • The southern intersection of Delhi Katra Expressway and Ludhiana Ring Road has been proposed as the Take Off Location of Ludhiana Bathinda Greenfield Highway. • The project road is fully Greenfield alignment. • The project is on plain terrain. • The Proposed project road is 6-lane without PS with 60m RoW. • Fully access controlled road

Figure 7-1 Ludhiana Bathinda Greenfield Highway Alignment and Take-off Location

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7.1. Need of the Project

Importance to the region / state and the country with respect to development of the proposed project road: • Ludhiana and Bathinda are 2 major Cities of Punjab State. Ludhiana is the industrial town whereas Bathinda is the education hub and also has support infrastructure in terms of presence of thermal power plant and oil refinery. • There is no present direct connectivity between Ludhiana and Bathinda. From Ludhiana, traffic has to travel first on NH 5 (old NH 95), Ludhiana-Ferozepur Section, then turn left towards Halwara/ Raikot/ Barnala from KM 96 Mullanpur Dakha on SH 13, thereafter, from Barnala turn right on NH 7 and passing through Rampura Phul reach Bathinda. The Section of NH 5 and SH-13 near Halwara are severely congested and prolong the travel time between Ludhiana and Bathinda. These locations cannot be further augmented in terms capacity enhancement. • Bathinda act as the gateway towards States of Rajasthan and Gujarat for the freight traffic originating from Ludhiana and destined to ports in Gujarat and Vice a versa. This section forms part of Ludhiana Ajmer Economic Corridor. • From Bathinda, there is further connectivity to major cities in Haryana such as Hisar and Rohtak. Therefore, there is a need to provide a faster connectivity between Ludhiana and Bathinda for boosting the economic and industrial activity. • NHAI has further envisioned other greenfield projects which include the following: o Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway (NE 5). o Greenfield Ludhiana Ring Road with a Spur to Rupnagar o Greenfield Amritsar-Bathinda Highway connecting Delhi Amritsar Katra Expressway (near Sultanpur Lodhi) with Bathinda at NH 54 (near Sangat Kalan) • These greenfield highways are required to be interconnected for efficient flow of traffic. Ludhiana Ring Road starts from the Delhi Amritsar Katra Expressway North of Ludhiana and terminates also at Delhi Amritsar Katra Expressway South of Ludhiana near Village Ballowal passing through Doraha. • Therefore, for the purpose of interconnectivity, NHAI has envisioned the Ludhiana- Bathinda Greenfield Highway to take off from the Intersection of Delhi Amritsar Katra Expressway and Ludhiana Ring Road near Village Ballowal and terminates at its intersection with Amritsar Bathinda Greenfield Highway near Village Bhaini. • Proposed Ludhiana Bathinda Highway shall connect Ludhiana with Proposed international Airport at Halwara, Raikot and Tallewal. The alignment shall remain on the western side of Bathinda Branch Canal. • Apart from providing connectivity in Punjab, the road shall further connect Ludhiana with proposed Integrated Manufacturing Cluster in Hisar promoted by National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC).

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7.2. APPROACH & METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

The approach and methodology for this Project involves the following: (i) Administering census & socio-economic questionnaires for collecting information on properties / structures, agriculture land, type of ownership and social groups etc (ii) Documentation of the potentially affected people’s perception regarding the adverse impacts that may be caused due to the project (iii) Developing a database with estimates of different categories of project affected persons (PAP’s) irrespective of their legal holdings (iv) Assessment of land acquisition and cropping pattern along the project road alignment (v) Identification and capacity assessment of NGO’s and CBO’s (vi) Analysis of potentially adverse social impacts duly taking into account of public opinion.

7.3. LOCATION WISE COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS

Consultation with the local community involving elected members, Sarpanch’s of the villages and members of the panchayat was conducted mainly to resolve all the conflict creating issues namely shifting of commercial, residential properties and religious places where people’s sentiments are attached and also to remove all kind of barriers relating to social, political, historical, cultural and religious matters, which may stand in the way of the project road widening. The village wise core issues discussed in each consultation are delineated in Table 7-1. The attendance sheet of consultation is attached as Appendix – 7.1

Table 7-1: Details of Public Consultation Village/ Council: Balowal District: Ludhiana Date: 25.11.2020 Venue: Panchayat Ghar Time: 3:00 p.m. Participants: 30 Issues raised by the community Suggestions given by the consultant Photographs

Villagers claim that already a Though the residents of the village significant portion of land has been seemed quite adamant on permitting the acquired for the Project of Delhi- acquisition of their land, but we could Katra Expressway. They claimed that observe that if they are offered adequate if now Intersection is built, the village compensation in lieu of their land them in shall be immensely desolated and it accordance to the Existing Market Value will have a distruptive impact on their of the Land at the time of Acquisition, lives. they would agree to the proposition. They demanded that the Intersection should be shifted, so that the land from their village doesn’t have to be acquired.

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They demanded that in case their Instead of the providing Compensation to land is still acquired, then the Rate of the project affected people as per the Compensation in lieu of their land rules and regulations of “The Right to Fair should not be less than Rs. 70-80 Compensation and Transparency in Land Lakhs per acre. Acquisition, Rehabilition and Resettlement Furthermore, they warned that they Act, 2013”, the compensation should be would resort to Agitations if their provided to them in accordance to the demands are not fulfilled. Existing Market Value of the Land at the time of Acquisition.

They put forward a condition, that no residential property which comes within the alignment area, should be demolished. Such property should be drawn out from the alignment.

Village/ Council: Chaminda District: Ludhiana

Date: 25.11.2020 Venue: Village Common Area Time: 1:30 p.m. Participants: 25 Issues raised by the community Suggestions given by the consultant Photographs

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Residents of the village strongly Though the residents of the village opposed the idea of aquisition of seemed quite adamant on permitting their land. They claimed that they the acquisition of their land, but we have already lost a major could observe that if they are offered proportion of their land due to adequate compensation in lieu of Acquisition by the Government. their land them in accordance to the Existing Market Value of the Land at the time of Acquisition, they would agree to the proposition.

They demanded that in case their Instead of the providing land still has to be acquired, then Compensation to the project affected they must be provided adequate people as per the rules and compensation in lieu of their land regulations of “The Right to Fair in accordance to the Existing Compensation and Transparency in Market Value of the Land at the Land Acquisition, Rehabilition and time of Acquisition and the Rate of Resettlement Act, 2013”, the Compensation should not be less compensation should be provided to than Rs. 70-80 Lakhs per acre. them in accordance to the Existing Market Value of the Land at the time of Acquisition.

Village/ Council: District: Ludhiana Gujjarwal Date: 25.11.2020 Venue: Sarpanch House

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Time: 12:05 p.m. Participants: 11 Issues raised by the Suggestions given by the consultant Photographs community

Residents of the village Though the residents of the village seemed strongly opposed the quite adamant on permitting the acquisition of idea of aquisition of their their land, but we could observe that if they are land. They claimed that offered adequate compensation in lieu of their they have already lost a land them in accordance to the Existing Market major proportion of their Value of the Land at the time of Acquisition, land due to Acquisition they would agree to the proposition. by the Government.

Instead of the providing Compensation to the They demanded that in project affected people as per the rules and case their land still has to regulations of “The Right to Fair Compensation be acquired, then they and Transparency in Land Acquisition, must be provided Rehabilition and Resettlement Act, 2013”, the adequate compensation compensation should be provided to them in in lieu of their land in accordance to the Existing Market Value of the accordance to the Land at the time of Acquisition. Existing Market Value of the Land at the time of Acquisition and the Rate of Compensation should not be less than Rs. 70- 80 Lakhs per acre.

A Significant Proportion of the Farmers whose land has to be acquired, are living abroad. Therefore, those farmers claim that it would be inconvinient for them to coordinate with the formalities involved in the process of land acquisition.

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7.4. Risk ASSESSMENT

This section discusses briefly the risks with the project and its Disaster Management Plan / Emergency Control Plan to eliminate/reduce/offset the intensity of the impact. To minimize the risk the NHAI has road safety manual to be followed while designing. They are as follows: • Ministry's circular No. RWINH-35072/04/2004-SftR(R) dated 27.04.2010 regarding Road Safety - Engineering Measures. • IRC:99-2018" Guidelines for Traffic Calming Measures in Urban and Rural Areas" . • IRC:119-2015 "Guidelines for Traffic Safety Barriers" • Ministry's circular No. RW/NH-29020/1/2015-PftM (RSCE)dated 07.09.2016 regarding Provision of Road Safety items. • Ministry's circular No. RWINH-29011/1112015-PftM (RSCE)dated 04.07.2018 regarding Road Safety Audit. • IRC:SP-88-2019" Road Safety Audit Manual". • IRC:103-2012 "Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities". • IRC:67-2012 "Code of practice for Road Signs". • Ministry's circular No. RW-NH-29011/01/2019-SftR(PftB) dated 26.08.2019 regarding Rectification of Accident Black Spot.

The Ministry of Road Highways and Transport (MoRTH) and Indian Road Congress (IRC) has issued various Code and Guidelines, time to time to implement various road safety measures so as to minimize the accidents on National Highways during construction and operation phase of the project. The hazard identification and risk assessment have been carried out for following stages for this project: • During construction phase • During operation phase Risk assessment is a process that seeks to estimate the likelihood of occurrence of adverse effects as a result of major road mishaps, gas tanker explosions, fire hazards, floods, cyclones, earth quakes etc. at Highway projects. Fatality rate on Indian highways is very high mainly due to road accidents. The other adverse impacts due to gas tanker explosions, fire hazards, floods, cyclones, earth quakes etc. are nominal. Elimination of the risk (avoidance of accidents) is given prime importance and NHAI has introduced road safety provisions during the design of highway with the help of Road Safety Manual. Some of these are listed below: • Safety barriers/delineators hard shoulders on main roads • Traffic signs and pavement markings • Underpasses and other grade separators at congested junctions • Removal of junctions and direct access points on main roads

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• Improved median openings with stacking lanes • Separate provisions and direct access point • Service roads in towns and villages for segregating local and highways traffic. • Contractor shall conduct third party Risk Assessment for all works to decide on priorities and to set objectives for eliminating hazards and reducing risks.

The next stage in the risk assessment is the control of the risk. When assessing the adequacy of existing controls or introducing new controls, a hierarchy of risk controls should be considered. The principles are: • Avoiding risks. • Evaluating the risks which cannot be avoided. • Combating the risks at source. Adapting the work to the individual, especially as regards the design of the workplace, the choice of work equipment and the choice of working and production methods, with a view, in particular, to alleviating monotonous work and work at a predetermined work rate and to reducing their effects on health.

7.5. ADAPTING SAFETY MEASURES

Replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or the less dangerous. Developing a coherent overall prevention policy which covers technology, organization of work, working conditions, social relationships and the influence of factors relating to the working environment.

7.5.1. Hazards during Construction Phase Potential hazards during the construction phase can be minimize by giving collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures and giving appropriate instruction to employees. In addition to the above the following principles shall also to be employed: • Eliminating; • Substitution; • Applying engineering controls (e.g. isolation, insulation and ventilation); • Reduced or limited time exposure; • Good housekeeping; • Safe systems of work, Method Statement, permit to work, • Training and information; • Personal protective equipment; • Welfare; • Monitoring and supervision; • Review

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7.5.2. Emergency Preparedness Plan

A construction site can be a difficult and dangerous place to work. A good construction emergency action plan will help people take quick and effective action in the event of a disaster. It will help in easing the severity of the situation and limit the consequences.

A response plan establishes an organization’s procedures and structures for response to emergencies. Emergency action plans provide strategies to combat specific situations, and assigns and responsibilities for implementation employees must follow during an emergency.

A few examples of emergencies that should be planned for at construction sites include:

• Chemical Spill • Fire • Floods • Wind • Explosions • Electrocution • Extended Power Loss • Medical Injuries • Poisoning • Toxic Gas Releases • Structural Failures • Respiratory threat from silica

7.5.2.1. Emergency Numbers

One of the most important pieces of information an employer needs is a list of all internal personnel who work for the company. The list will include the duties they will handle in the case of potential workplace emergencies.

Names, areas of responsibility, and contact numbers of each individual should be included in the list. The list should also include the phone numbers of external support sources like:

Emergency Contact Number ➢ 100 – Police ➢ 101 – Fire ➢ 102 – Ambulance ➢ 103 – Traffic Police ➢ 1033 – Emergency Relief Centre on National Highways ➢ 104 – State level helpline for Health ➢ 104 – Hospital on Wheels ➢ 1066 – Anti -poison ➢ 1070 – Central Relief Commissioner for Natural Calamities ➢ 1070 – Relief Commissioners of Central/State/Union territory ➢ 1073 – Road Accident ➢ 1073 – Traffic Help Line

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➢ 1077 – Control room of District Collector/Magistrate ➢ 108 – Disaster management ➢ 1090 – Anti -terror Helpline/Alert All India ➢ 1091 – Women in Distress ➢ 1092 – Earth -quake Help line service ➢ 1096 – Natural disaster control room ➢ 1099 – Central Accident and Trauma Services ➢ 1099 – Catastrophe & Trauma service ➢ 112 – General emergency Department of Telecommunications (DoT)

7.5.2.2. Chemical Spills

Chemical spills are dangerous if they are not immediately contained. The designated emergency coordinator should be notified. The site should be secured. The spill should be cleaned only by trained personnel. Proper equipment should always be used for the cleaning process. If trained personnel are not available, use a professional chemical spill cleanup company.

7.5.2.3. Weather

Weather can affect the construction business in a big way. Floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and tornadoes have the potential to affect your business. Good policies and procedures will help in dealing with severe weather.

7.5.2.4. Fire

Activate the alarm system and call for emergency assistance if there is a fire. Always notify the fire department before you start fighting the fire. If the blaze is small and not spreading, you should use proper equipment to fight the fire. Proper evacuation procedures should be followed.

7.5.2.5. Structural Accident

Bridges, towers, and scaffolding are common structures at construction sites. Accidents involving these structures can be serious and often life threatening. All structures should be listed, and the emergency action plans should be developed for each structure. Employees working around the structures should be familiar with all required procedures.

7.5.2.6. Training the Employees

All employees at the construction site should be trained, preparing them for any eventuality. The builders risk insurance premiums will also be less if the employees are trained in handling emergencies.

7.5.2.7. Fire and Explosion Hazard

At construction site and construction camps, stack yards etc suitable type of fire extinguishers shall be positioned at applicable areas including vehicles. To meet any emergency at work spot during any hot work, provision of enough number of fire extinguishers is ensured. Also First Aid boxes are kept at fixed locations to provide first aid in case of any injury.

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7.5.2.8. Road Accident

Risk and Hazard Due To External Traffic Are As Follows • Construction workers hit by external vehicles while working. • Injury to Pedestrians: • Due to fall in excavated trenches. • Hit by construction equipment / vehicle. • As they use carriageway due to blockage / absence of footpath. • Collision due to improper traffic management. • Between external vehicle and construction equipment / vehicle. • Between external vehicles. • External vehicle with other stationery objects in the side of the road

Objectives & Guidelines • Warn the road user clearly and sufficiently in advance. • Provide safe and clearly marked lanes for guiding users. • Provide safe and clearly marked buffer and work zones. • Provide adequate measures that control driver behaviour through construction zones

7.5.2.9. Traffic Control Plan

This plan gives the detailed guideline for traffic management in most of the common situations at our Projects. Traffic Control Plan for a specific road sections should be prepared based on this general guideline and applying the following variables, which may vary from project to project. The variables are: • Average Vehicular Traffic Density in peak and non-peak hours. • Maximum width of lane required for construction during various activities. • Number and types of junctions in the road. • Availability of standard footpath and its location and dimensions. • Change in the lane width if any and its location. • Regulatory and advisory speed limits etc.

7.5.2.10. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES

Traffic control devices used to regulate the traffic in Road Construction Zones include, ➢ Road Signs ➢ Delineators ➢ Barricades ➢ Cones ➢ Pylons ➢ Pavement markings ➢ Flashing lights

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7.5.2.11. Traffic Management at work place

The contractor will abide by the Guidelines on Safety in Road Construction Zones; IRC:SP:55- 2014; issued by Indian Road Congress. As per the IRC Work zone accidents are caused by several factors such as frequently changing environment that occurs during road work whereby the driver is often surprised, insufficient warning signs for normal and construction traffic, lack of audible warning to workers and, inadequate provisions of safety devices to protect workers.

At most work zones, normal traffic is never more than 1 5 meters away from construction activities. Major contributing factors to work zone accidents are not paying sufficient attention, going too fast for the prevailing conditions, failure to yield the right-of-way and, following too close. An ideal way to reduce work zone accidents is to create a working area that does not influence the normal traffic flow by segregating and shielding the site.

7.5.2.12. Work Zone Area

A work zone is an area where road user operating conditions are changed because of construction and maintenance activities. The construction and maintenance activities would involve movement of workers and construction equipment requiring dedicated space for performing the activities and moving materials for the activities. The presence of regular traffic and works traffic makes the work zone a potential zone of conflict resulting in disruption to normal traffic and hazards.

A work zone should be earmarked by the presence of signs, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, and/or work vehicles. It extends from the first warning sign or high-intensity rotating flashing or oscillating or strobe lights installed on roadside or a vehicle-mounted sign posted to indicate the work zone, and continues to delineate the channelized vehicle paths till up to the end road work sign.

Figure: Traffic Control Zone at Construction Site

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7.5.2.13. Working Space

The space around the works area that will require storing tools, excavated material and other equipment. It is also the space to allow workmen, movement and operation of plant, (e.g. swing of jibs, excavator arms) to move around to do the job. Materials and equipment must not be placed in the zone either. Workmen will only need to enter the zone to maintain cones and another road sign.

Figure: Road Signage in construction Zone

7.5.2.14. Traffic Signals

The Contractor should follow IRC SP 67-2012; Code of Practice for Road Signs for operation phase of the project. The purpose of road signs is to promote road safety and efficiency by

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providing for the orderly movement of all road users on all roads in both urban and non-urban areas. Road signs notify road users of regulations and provide warning and guidance needed for safe, uniform and efficient operation. The road signages are highlighted in figure below.

Figure: Road Signages

7.5.2.15. Road Safety Audit

The road safety audits are tools to check the safety aspects of new/ existing roads and traffic management plan, which also include modifications if required in the existing roads for safety of travelers. The India Roads Congress IRC SP:88-2015 “ Manual on Road Safety Audit” and Manual on Road Safety Audit (First Revision) IRC SP:88-2019, need to be followed for safety of roads during Planning, (DPR) Design stage, Construction, Pre-opening and Existing Roads. The road safety Audit stages for the roads are discussed in

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Table 7-2: Suggested Stage for Road Safety Audits

Audit Expressways National State Major Urban Local Highway Highways District Arterial, Sub Streets, Roads Arterial and Rural Roads Collector Roads

Planning ✓ Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A

DPR ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Construction ✓ ✓ ✓ Optional Optional Optional

Pre-opening ✓ ✓ ✓ Optional ✓ Optional

Existing According to Local policy and resource Roads

Source: IRC SP:88-2019 (Manual on Road Safety Audit (First Revision)

Objective of Road Safety Audit: The main objective of road safety audit is to minimize the risk of crashes occurrence on an existing roads/ a new road project. ➢ To ensure high levels of safety on road projects ➢ Reduce whole-life costs of projects ➢ Minimize accidents risk on the adjoining road network ➢ Promote the safety of all road users ➢ Promote road safety engineering

Safety concerns and Audits Findings on Existing Roads: ➢ Sight Distance ➢ Intersection & Interchanges ➢ Geometric Issues: Cross Sections ➢ Roadside Hazards ➢ Drainage ➢ Signs, Pavement Markings & Delineating ➢ Vulnerable Roads Users (Pedestrian, Bicyclist, two & three wheelers and animals Drawn carts) ➢ Access to property and developments ➢ Lighting and Night time issues ➢ Bus stop & Bus Bays ➢ General Road safety considerations

➢ Vulnerable Roads Users:

The safety audit should uniqueness of mix traffic, i.e Pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycle, rickshaws, and animals drawn carts mix with cars, trucks, buses and countless other vehicles at all times of day and night.

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During safety audit, safety enhancement measures can be audit. The auditor should carry out audit considering him/her as vulnerable road users.

Figure: Mix Traffic on Busy Roads

➢ Sight Distance:

Safe stopping sight distance is measured between two points, one 1.2 m above the carriageway standing for in driver's eye and the other 0.15 m height representing the object. The sight distance is discussed in figure below.

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➢ Horizontal Alignment

Minimum Radius of curve should be provided as per design speed. If not possible speed limit sign should be installed and measures to ensure its adherence be employed. Transition curves at ends should be consistent with design speed/speed limit. Super elevation should be as per design speed/ speed limit.

➢ Vertical Alignment

The Safety measures for vertical alignment need to be assess during safety audits are: ➢ Provide adequate sight distances ➢ Broken-back curves should be avoided ➢ Frequent changes in vertical profile should be avoided ➢ On long grades, steepest grade should be placed at the bottom and lighter grade near top. ➢ Sag curves associated with underpasses, curve lengths must be chosen to ensure the necessary vertical clearances and to maintain adequate sight distances into the underpass. ➢ Typical Cross Section

For typical cross-section the safe measures need to be look in during road safety audits are as follows: ➢ Properly maintained cross-sectional profiles assist safety. ➢ Side slope gradients for embankments and drains should be as flat as possible. ➢ Open channel drains should be covered or separated from the carriageway. ➢ Incorporation of properly maintained shoulder allows room for parking, in emergency use and segregation of pedestrians. ➢ Provision of the number of lanes primarily dependent on the projected traffic volume. ➢ Shoulders

The safe practices required for shoulders are as follows: ➢ Shoulder should support vehicles under all weather conditions. ➢ Hard shoulders, should be differentiated from carriageway ➢ Edge line markings help to discourage traffic from using the shoulder ➢ Shoulder cross slopes should be so designed as to avoid draining onto the carriageway.

➢ Median Barrier

Median Barrier are designed to segregate and prevent certain opposing pedestrian and vehicle movements. Some of the problems of median barrier are: ➢ Inadequate pedestrian crossing provisions will encourage pedestrians to climb over the barriers and ignore their purpose. ➢ Median barriers without gaps for emergency vehicles can cause delays and congestion if vehicles break down. ➢ Poor design and maintenance such as unprotected ends or damaged and stolen sections. ➢ Clear and effective signing along with enforcement is necessary to ensure that drivers drive on the correct side of the barrier.

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➢ Median Gaps

The safety practices for median gaps are as follows: ➢ Their number should be kept to the minimum. ➢ Openings for right turns through bullet nosed shape should be adopted. ➢ Openings for U-turns, semi-circular openings are more appropriate for the vehicle paths. ➢ Median openings in urban areas: should be spaced at 500m on the more important arterial roads. ➢ Median openings for four lane divided carriageways and expressways should be located near all terminal junctions.

➢ Service roads

Safety issues adopted for service roads are as follows: ➢ Service roads may be continuous or intermittent, they may be on one or both sides, and they may have one-way or two-way traffic. ➢ Service roads provided are invisible due to encroachments observed on these service roads. ➢ Absence of adequate truck parking facilities on highways/City Zonal Road leads vehicles to parked on service roads, thus negating the benefits of service roads to the vulnerable road users. ➢ Absence of service roads increases pedestrianvehicular conflicts and road safety is threatened.

➢ Unregulated access

The main concern for unregulated access is the side road traffic from towns/villages joining the high speed corridor is highly unsafe. If they are not controlled before entering into the main road, each access point could become a blackspot.

The road safety auditor should take care of the followings during audits: ➢ The speed of the side road traffic should be curtailed before it enters the main road with a provision of road hump of 3.7m chord length in the side road. The hump should be provided for all side roads, where it joins NH directly without through a service road. ➢ Hump shall be placed around 12m to 15m away from the edge line of the main road so that a vehicle approaching the main road shall mount the hump and then wait to see an opportunity to enter into main stream. Similarly, vehicles exiting from main road can fully leave (full length of vehicle) from traffic way of main carriageway and then mount the hump in order to avoid any possible rear end collision. ➢ Install hump warning signs in advance and informatory sign at the location of hump. All signs should be installed at the side road only. Also, properly mark the hump as per IRC. ➢ Mark Stop marking and Install stop sign at 2-4m away from stop marking to establish the control.

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➢ Pavement Marking

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➢ Lay-byes & Bus Stops

The safety issues which were lacking at most of Lay-byes & Bus stops are: ➢ Buses stopping at road junction’s forces pedestrians to cross the road where there is turning traffic and it also leads to reduction in road width at the junction causing congestion and unsafe overtaking maneuvers. ➢ Taxis and para-transit vehicles often stop indiscriminately along major roads to pick up or discharge passengers ➢ Vehicles stopping at a lay-bye or bus stop constitute a temporary obstruction which may obstruct visibility of an important features. ➢ The slower speeds of vehicles entering and leaving a laybyes could cause a hazard to faster moving through traffic.

7.5.2.15.1. ROAD SAFETY AUDIT DURING - CONSTRUCTION PHASE

➢ To prevent construction and utility worker fatalities and serious injuries at work zone and construction sites. ➢ To educate exposed workers about work zone workplace safety and health issues ➢ To strengthen public knowledge on work zone hazards

➢ Work Zone Safety Audit ➢ To improve the safety of road users and workers at road work zones. ➢ To guide highway authority and concessionaire for effective implementation of work zone safety practices as per national standards and best international practices.

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➢ To review the methods which are currently adopted by the contractor. ➢ To make appropriate recommendations on the safety measures to be used at different work zone area at the given site.

MoRTH & IRC Signage Stand as Code of Practice at Construction Zone

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Work Zone Safety Practices during Audit Findings

➢ Advance Warning Area

➢ Transition Area

➢ Buffer Space

➢ Activity (work) Area

➢ Termination Area

Transition Area: Redirecting traffic from a normal traffic flow to a new flow.

Activity Area:

The area where work takes place which may also include a “lateral” buffer space.

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▪ Traffic Control Device at Construction site

The Road Safety Audit should look into traffic control device at active construction sites. Few of the devices which should be noted are as follows:

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▪ Temporary Diversion at Construction Zone

➢ RSA should see that the construction area should have smooth horizontal and vertical profile with smooth vertical and horizontal curves. ➢ Should not get overtopped by flood or drainage discharges under any conditions ➢ Should have adequate capacity to cater to the expected traffic. ➢ Should be dust free and should ensure clear visibility at all times of day and night and ➢ Barricading should be provided to prevent construction material falling onto the diversion.

▪ Safety for Vulnerable Road Users ➢ Provision of adequate pedestrian safety ➢ No danger from falling objects or sharp edges and that they will not fall over or bump into anything ➢ Pedestrian Barriers & Pedestrian Crossings ➢ To mark out temporary footway and to protect pedestrians from traffic, excavations, plant or materials. ➢ Avoid confusing pedestrians. o Works on Footways • Alternative safe route for pedestrians must be provided. • Pedestrian access to property must be provided • Pedestrians should not be diverted onto an unguarded carriageway • Guard and sign the approach on a temporary footway.

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▪ Safety of Workmen ➢ Workmen must be trained in use of tools and plant ➢ Safety Jackets, Gum Boots, Goggles, Gloves, Face Shields, Eye, Ear & Nose protectors etc. must be given to workers related to work. ➢ First-aid training be provided to all workmen and enough safety kits should be available at the site ➢ Workers required on site during night hours must be provided with fluorescent yellow jackets with reflective tapes.

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7.5.2.15.2. Road Safety Audit for Operational/ Existing Roads

The road safety Audit on existing roads gives the exact features implemented for passenger’s safety. They provide details of all the safety features and implementation of IRC Codes of conducts. The audit methodology is used for both the Operational/ Maintenance of the existing roads. It represents present conditions of the roads after completion of construction. Any Hazardous conditions like which has arose during operation phase like encroachments, ribbon development or deterioration of road conditions as well as Traffic conditions.

The Road Safety Audit included the following ➢ Crash Protection Measures: Damage of Crash Guards Post. ➢ Absence of Object Hazard Markers ➢ Obscured, worm – off and missing road markings ➢ Obscured and damaged traffic signs ➢ Absence of Acceleration and Deceleration lanes at driveways to roadside facilities such as petrol pumps ➢ Delineation: improper Delineation at Horizontal Curves ➢ Non-Standard Traffic Signs: Regulatory, Cautionary, informatory ➢ Heavy plantation on the median portion ➢ Pedestrian facilities ➢ Trees very close to main Carriage way ➢ Painting faded out on Kerb, Crash Barrier, Parapets walls

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➢ Presence of unauthorized sign boards ➢ Damage/ missing of road studs on pedestrian cossings, TBM, Median & Carriageway edge lane markings, chevron markings. ➢ Encroachment & Unauthorized parking ➢ Damage of Kerb, cash barrier, islands, median kerb.

▪ Design Features on Operational/ Existing Roads ➢ Design: shapes, colour, size, composition, lighting or retro-reflection should command attention and convey a simple meaning. ➢ The sight should have: High visibility by day and night: Treating similar situation in a similar way and using consistent fashion for similar signs. ➢ High legibility (adequately sized letters or symbols and a short legend for quick comprehension. ➢ Uniformity in design include shape, colour, dimensions, legends, borders, and illumination or retro-reflectivity.

Color Codes with Appropriate meanings

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Proper Classification of Road Singes

▪ Traffic Signs Classifications

Mandatory/ Regulatory Signs:

Normally placed at or near the location where the regulation: ➢ Exists (Stop, yield) ➢ Begins (wrong way, do not pass) ➢ Additional signs where a regulation continues over an extended section of highway (Speed limits)

Cautionary/ Warnings signs: ➢ In advance of the hazard ➢ As a function of approaching traffic speed

Informatory/ Guide signs: ➢ In advance of an intersection or junction ➢ At the point where they apply (street names, kilometer posts)

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Mandatory/ Regulatory Signs

Cautionary/ Warnings Signs

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Cautionary/ Warning Signs

Information Signs

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Pavement Marking ➢ Yellow Line – Two Way Traffic ➢ White line – One way Traffic ➢ Soil Line – No Passing ➢ Broken Line – Pass with Caution

Page | 7-34 Environmental Impact Assessment Report | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

7.6. PUBLIC HEARING

The proposed project passes through three district i.e Bathinda, Barnala and Ludhiana. The public hearing was published in two newspapers. One in regional paper and another in National Paper. Due to , the first public hearing which was scheduled on 08 February 2021 was cancelled at Barnala & Bathinda due to Municipal Election. Ludhiana Public hearing was conducted as scheduled (08th feburay, 2021).

For other two district the details of public hearing was published in two newspaper. The schedule for public hearing was fixed on 17th March 2021. The Public hearing for Bathinda was cancelled due to local agitation against the farmers bills. Barnala public hearing was proceeded over by ADC in presence of SPCB officials.

The 3rd time public hearing for Bathinda was schedule on 18th June 2021 at Meeting Hall, DC Office, District administrative Complex, Bathinda. The notice for public hearing was published in two news paper i.e Hindustan Times (English Daily) and Ajit (Punjab Daily) on 12.06.2021.

The Schedule for public hearing district wise is given in

Table 7-3: District Wise Schedule for Public Hearings

S.No Date Bathinda District Barnala District Ludhiana District 1. 08th February, 2021 Cancelled Cancelled Conducted 2. 17th March, 2021 Cancelled Conducted 3. 18th June, 2021 Conducted

In all the three public hearing no issues related to environment are raised by the people. They have no environmental issues.

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First Newspaper Notice for Public Hearing for Ludhiana, Bathinda and Barnala District, Scheduled for 8th February 2021

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Second Time Public Hearing Notice for Bathinda and Barnala District

Bathinda District Public Notice

Barnala District Public Notice

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Third Time Public Hearing Noticed for Bathinda District, Scheduled for 18th June 2021.

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Minutes of Public Hearing: Ludhiana District - The Detailed minutes of Public Hearing is attached as Annexure -7-1.

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Page | 7-45 Environmental Impact Assessment Report | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Page | 7-46 Environmental Impact Assessment Report | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Minutes of Public Hearing: Barnala District - The Detailed minutes of Public Hearing is attached as Annexure -7-1A.

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Page | 7-50 Environmental Impact Assessment Report | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Minutes of Public Hearing: Bathinda District - The Detailed minutes of Public Hearing is attached as Annexure -7-1B.

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Page | 7-54 Environmental Impact Assessment Report | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Page | 7-55 Environmental Impact Assessment Report | AFRICA | MIDDLE EAST 8. PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed project is the development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starts at Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE 5 (at Ballowal village of Ludhiana West Tahsil) and ends at Amritsar- Bathinda Greenfield Highway (near Rampura Phul Tahsil) in the state of Punjab. Total length of Ludhiana- Bathinda Greenfield Highway is 75+543 Km. The proposed alignment is passing through 5 Tahsils (Ludhiana and Raikot Tahsils) of Ludhiana district, (Barnala and Tapa Tahsils) of Barnala district and (Rampura Phul Tahsil) of Bathinda district in the state of Punjab.

The proposed project is the development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starts at Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE 5 and ends Amritsar-Bathinda Greenfield Highway.

It would provide an alternative connectivity to Ludhiana industrial town which is also known as Manchester of North India. The Industrial units mostly comprise of small-scale industrial, which produce industrial goods, machine parts, auto parts, household appliances, hosiery, apparel, and garments. Ludhiana is Asia's largest hub for bicycle manufacturing and produces more than 50% of India's bicycle production of more than 10 million each year. Ludhiana produces 60% of India's tractor parts and a large portion of auto and two-wheeler parts. Many parts used in German cars such as Mercedes and BMW are exclusively produced in Ludhiana to satisfy the world requirement. It is one of the largest manufacturers of domestic sewing machines. Hand tools and industrial equipment are other specialties.

It would bolster the economic connectivity and promotes export-based industries, it is important connectivity to Ludhiana, congestion free and is connected with major industrial towns for raw material, ports for export and major cities as consumption centers. The only existing major connectivity to Ludhiana is NH 44 from Delhi. It severely lacks connectivity with western states such as Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan.

NHAI is also developing Delhi Katra Expressway (NE 5) which shall provide seamless connectivity to Ludhiana with Delhi and shall connect it with Delhi Mumbai Expressway through KMP Expressway. NHAI is also developing Amritsar Bathinda Greenfield highway which shall provide connectivity of Northern Districts of Punjab (Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, etc) with Bathinda and further with Rajasthan and Gujarat. Apart from above, NHAI is improving existing NH network in Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana. These roads shall further connect with Trans – Rajasthan connecting directly with Ajmer thereby bolstering connectivity with ports in Gujarat.

In continuation of the same, and to provide seamless connectivity to Ludhiana with Ports in Gujarat through Rajasthan under Ludhiana Ajmer Economic Corridor, a Greenfield Highway connecting Ludhiana and Bathinda is proposed. The project highway shall start from Delhi Katra Expressway (NE 5) near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Bathinda near Rampura Phul on Amritsar-Bathinda Greenfield Highway.

Ludhiana – Bathinda Corridor shall provide the much needed important connectivity between NE 5 of Delhi-Katra Expressway and Amritsar-Bathinda Greenfield Highway to accommodate the freight traffic of the country. This highway connecting NH-95, NH-44 (old NH-1), NE 5, NH-71 and terminating at Amritsar-Bathinda Greenfield Highway. There is no direct connectivity to the Bathinda from Ludhiana.

Present route from Ludhiana to Bathinda pass through NH 95, SH 13 at Mullapur Dakha and Barnala NH 64. There are existing settlements at the intersection of these roads and length is also longer. The existing roads cannot be widened due to presence of built up structures. Therefore, further increase in traffic on these roads shall lead to increase in air & noise pollution, wastage of natural resources, / fuels, vehicle operation cost as well as travel time.

The proposed Project Highway shall provide connectivity to proposed Ludhiana International Airport at Halwara, present connectivity of which is congested. Therefore, to cater the present & predicted traffic and

Page | 8-1 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

to enhance economic development in Ludhiana and Punjab, greenfield highway is the only solution from socio-economic and ecological point of view.

Other benefit of the project is as follows: • Road would remove congestion on existing road. • With improved geometry it would minimize road accidents and safety features are added. • It would lead to better road condition; thus, speed will increase and travel will decrease. • Connectivity of the project region will improve. • Improvements in the physical infrastructure and access: Due to the project there will be development of communication facilities in the area. The workers rest shelters are equipped with infrastructure facilities such as drinking water, toilets, health centre, etc. • Vehicle operating costs will decrease, will be more efficient and economically viable, the cost of public transport can be reduced, which benefits the local people. • Overall improvement in the economy of the region due to better access, better connectivity & better tourism prospects. • Employment potential –skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled labour both during construction and operational phases of the project with specific attention to employment potential of local population as well as necessity for imparting any specialized skills to them to be eligible for such employment in the project. Increase in the local employment opportunities is a significant and immediate economic benefit of the project. • Vocational Training Programmes will be conducted for skill enhancement of local people to promote sustainable alternate income generation. • Attracts new investment through the provision of infrastructure, which could benefit the local people and areas as a whole. • The environment along the road will be enhanced by the inclusion of tree planting on both sides of the improved road. Provision of footpaths, bus-bays and drainage facility will also help to improve the aesthetics along the road.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 8-2 9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

9.1.1. Objectives of EMP

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the design, construction and operation phases of the project to eliminate adverse environmental impacts, to offset them, or to reduce them to acceptable levels. The main aim of the Environmental Management Plan is to ensure that the various adverse impacts are mitigated and the positive impacts are enhanced. The objectives of the EMP at various stages of project planning and implementation are as follows:

A description of the various management measures suggested during different stages of construction is provided in Table 9-1 respectively.

9.2. PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

9.2.1. Pre-construction activities by PIU/ Supervision Consultant

Prior to HAM Contractor mobilization, the PIU will ensure that an encumbrance free Corridor of Impact is handed over to enable the start of construction. Clearance involves the following activities: • Removal and felling of trees, • Relocation of common property resources and community assets like telephone poles, electric poles and hand pumps will be impacted. • Formal arrangements for maintenance of enhancement sites. This includes plantation of trees and barricades along the road.

9.2.2. Pre-construction activities by HAM Contractor

Pre-construction stage involves mobilisation of the HAM and the activities undertaken by the Contractor pertaining to the planning of logistics and site preparation necessary for commencing construction activities. The activities include: • Joint field verification of EMP by the Environment Specialist of the Supervision Consultant and HAM. • Identification and selection of material sources (quarry and borrow material, water, sand etc). • Procurement of construction equipment / machinery such as crushers, hot mix plants, batching plants and other construction equipment and machinery. • Selection, design and layout of construction areas, hot mix and batching plants, labour camps etc. • Apply for and obtain all the necessary clearances/ NOCs/ consents from the agencies concerned. • Planning traffic diversions and detours including arrangements for temporary land acquisition.

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9.3. CONSTRUCTION STAGE

9.3.1. Construction activities by the HAM Contractor

Construction stage is the most crucial stage in terms of activities that require careful management to avoid environmental impacts.

There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the Engineering Costs. They include providing roadside drainage, provision of cross drainage structures etc.

9.3.2. Construction activities by the PIU/Independent Consultants

The PIU/Supervision Consultant shall be involved in the smooth execution of the project and assisting the HAM Contractor during this phase. Their work shall include but not limited to: • Monitoring and guiding the HAM Contractor on adopting good environmental and engineering practices. • Arrangement of plantation through the Forest Department. • Arranging training to the HAM Contractor and other stakeholders according to the needs arising.

9.4. OPERATION STAGE

The operation stage involves the following activities by PIU: • Monitoring of environmental conditions through approved monitoring agency. • Monitoring of operational performance of the various mitigation/enhancement measures carried out.

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Table 9-1: Environmental Management Measures Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 1.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE 1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU 1.1.1 Land Acquisition, The acquisition of land and private The Right To Within the proposed PRoW R&R properties will be carried out in Fair accordance with the RAP and Compensation entitlement Framework for the And project. Transparency In It will be ensured that all R&R Land activities are to be completed before Acquisition, the construction activity starts, on any Rehabilitation sub-section of project roads. And PIU, Revenue It will be ensured by the PIU that the Resettlement Dept., NGOs, Supervision resettlement sites required for the Act, 2013 Collaborating Consultant sections to be taken up for Agencies construction in the first year are to be completed prior to the contractor mobilization at site. The PIU will identify suitable locations for resettlement sites in consultation with the PAPs to be relocated. Resettlement sites will be in line with the requirements of generic EMP for resettlement sites. 1.1.2 Tree Cutting About 2289 Trees will be removed Design Within the proposed RoW from the Corridor of Impact and MoRTH 201.6, construction sites before The Forest PIU, DFO, Supervision commencement of Construction after (Conservation), HAM Consultant having tree felling permission. Forest Act-1980 Clearance will be obtained for land to

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring be diverted. three times the trees to be cut will be planted. 1.1.3 Diversion of Forest The proposed project will involve Application to Within the Proposed RoW PIU, Regional Area diversion of 3.278 Ha of Protected Region Office office of Forest existing along the proposed of MoEF&CC MoEF&CC Supervision road for forest Chandigarh, Consultant diversion DFO Department, HAM 1.1.4 Utility Relocation All utilities lost due to the project will Utility Within the proposed RoW be relocated with prior approval of the Relocation Plan PIU, Concerned Supervision concerned agencies before Agencies, Consultant construction starts, on any sub-section HAM of the project road. 1.1.5 Relocation of All cultural properties within the CoI, RAP Within the proposed RoW Cultural Properties whose structure is getting affected, will be relocated at suitable locations, as desired by the community before construction starts. PIU, Concerned Supervision Local community meetings Agencies, Consultant (facilitated by NGOs entrusted with HAM the responsibility of R&R implementation) will be held to discuss relocation aspects, siting of structures. 1.1.6 Replacement of All common property resources such RAP Corridor of Impact Common Property as community sources of water will PIU, Concerned Supervision Resources be replaced. Agencies, Consultant The replacement will be complete HAM before construction starts.

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 1.2 Pre-construction activities by the Concessionaire / Contractor / Independent Engineer 1.2.1 Field Verification and Modification of the Contract Documents The Independent Engineer (IE) and the Concessionaire (or his Contractor) All locations along the HAM/ will carry out joint field verification EMP and project corridor where Environmental Joint Field 1.2.1.1 of the EMP. The efficacy of the Contract mitigation/enhancement/ Expert of PIU, NHAI Verification mitigation/enhancement measures Document monitoring measures are Supervision suggested in the EMP will be proposed. Consultants checked. Modification of the If required, the Independent Engineer Contract All locations along the HAM/ Contract Documents will modify the EMP and Contract Document project corridor where Environmental documents (particularly the BOQs) changes in 1.2.1.2 Expert of PIU, NHAI mitigation/enhancement/ Supervision monitoring measures are felt Consultants necessary

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 1.2.2 Procurement of Machinery 1.2.2.1 Crushers, Hot-mix Specifications of crushers, hot mix Contract, Wherever Concessionaire or Plants & Batching plants and batching plants will MoRTH: 111.1, his contractor decides to Engineer, Plants comply with the requirements of the CPCB Air & locate the plants Contractor SUPERVISION relevant current emission control Noise Standards CONSULTANT legislations.

1.2.2.2 Other Construction The discharge standards promulgated Contract, Throughout the corridor and Vehicles, Equipment under the Environment Protection Environment construction sites and Machinery Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to. Protection Act, All vehicles, equipment and 1986 & machinery to be procured for MoRTH: 111.1 construction will conform to the relevant Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) norms. Engineer, Noise limits for construction Contractor SUPERVISION equipments to be procured such as CONSULTANT compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A), measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field, as specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. 1.2.3 Identification & Selection of Material Sources 1.2.3.1 Borrow Areas Arrangement for locating the source . of supply of material for embankment MoRTH: At all borrow area locations SUPERVISION and sub-grade as well as compliance 305.2.2.2 suggested for the project Contractor CONSULTANT, to environmental requirements, as PIU applicable, will be the sole Appendix 9.1 &

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring responsibility of the contractor. 9.2 Siting of borrow areas to be as per the Guidelines presented in Appendix 9.1; G-6. The contractor will not use any of the locations described here for borrowing (within and upto 1000m either side of Reserve Forest/ Ecologically sensitive areas). Locations identified by the contractor shall be reported to the Engineer. Format for reporting shall be as per Form Appendix 9.2; EM-7. Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow materials will be undertaken during this stage. The haul roads should be routed to avoid agricultural areas. In addition to testing for the quality of borrow materials by the SC, the environmental personnel of the SC will be required to inspect every borrow area location prior to approval. 1.2.3.2 Quarries The Contractor will identify materials MoRTH: 111.3 All quarries identified by the from existing licensed quarries with Consultant and any new SUPERVISION the suitable materials for construction. quarries identified by the HAM CONSULTANT, Apart from approval of the quality of Concessionaire (or his PIU the quarry materials, the Engineer’s Contractor) representative will verify the legal

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring status of the quarry operation, as to whether approval under statutory provision is obtained. The quarries are should obtained Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC/SEIAA/DEIAA depending upon area for quarries and as per the MoEF&CC notification dated 25Jaunary 2016. Some of the locations identified during this stage is presented in Chapter-2

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 1.2.3.3 Water The Contractor will source the Contract All rivers / surface water requirement of water preferentially Document bodies that can be used in from surface water bodies, as rivers the project/ if rivers are and tanks in the project area after seasonal. The water can be taking consent from concern authority source through private or village panchayats. To avoid contractor through tankers/ disruption/disturbance to other water STP treated water can be users, the contractor will extract water utilized for dust sprinkling from fixed locations. and for construction use. The contractor shall consult the local people before finalizing the locations to confirm that withdrawl of water from such source will not disturb the regular water usage of the local SUPERVISION people. IE/AE CONSULTANT, Only at locations where surface water PIU sources are not available, the contractor can contemplate extraction of ground water. Consent from the Independent Engineer that no surface water resource is available in the immediate area for the project is a pre-requisite prior to extraction of ground water. The contractor will need to comply with the requirements of the Cental Ground Water Board and seek their approval for doing so. If the area falls in Dark Zone as per SGWB, then contract as to source water through tankers. The contractor

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring should use STP treated water for sprinkling water as dust suppression and for non-domestic usage if available in Jaisalmer.

1.2.3.4 Sand The Contractor will identify sand Chap 2 Sand quarries identified by quarries with requisite approvals for design Consultant or new SUPERVISION the extraction of sand for use in the sand quarries IE/AE CONSULTANT, project. The contract can source sand PIU from the approve vendor having requisite environmental clearance. 1.2.4 Labour The Contractor will induct unskilled RAP Along the project corridor at Requirements labour from the local communities to construction sites SUPERVISION avoid any additional stress on the IE/AE CONSULTANT, existing facilities (medical services, PIU power, water supply, etc.) 1.2.5 Setting up construction sites 1.2.5.1 Construction Camp Siting of construction camps is to be . All Construction Workers IE/AE SUPERVISION Locations – as per the guidelines presented in Appendix 9-1, Camps including areas in CONSULTANT, Selection, Design & Appendix 9-1,G-2 of EMP. Locations G-2 immediate vicinity PIU Layout identified by the contractor shall be Appendix 9-2, reported as per format, Appendix 9-2, EM -3 EM-3. Construction camps will not be proposed: (i)Within 1000 m of locations as described in Section 1.2.3.1 (Reserve Forest /Ecologically sensitive areas). (ii)Within 1000 m from the nearest habitation to avoid conflicts and stress

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring over the infrastructure facilities, with the local community. (iv) Locations for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1000 m from watercourses. (v) The waste disposal and sewage system for the camp will be designed, built and operated such that no odour is generated. (vi) Unless otherwise arranged by the local sanitary authority, arrangements for disposal of excreta suitably approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Independent Engineer will need to be provided by the Contractor. 1.2.5.2 Hot Mix Plants & Hot mix plants and batching plants Contract IE/AE SUPERVISION Batching Plant will be sited sufficiently away from MoRTH clause CONSULTANT, Location habitation, agricultural operations or 111.5 PIU industrial establishments. Such plants will be located at least 1000m away from the nearest habitation, preferably in the downwind direction. 1.2.6 Arrangements for The Contractor as per prevalent rules Areas temporarily acquired IE/AE SUPERVISION Temporary Land will carry out negotiations with the for construction sites/ hot CONSULTANT, Requirement land owners for obtaining their mix plants / borrow areas / PIU consent for temporary use of lands for diversions/ detours. construction sites/ hot mix plants /traffic detours /borrow areas etc.

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring The Independent Engineer will be required to ensure that the clearing up of the site prior to handing over to the owner (after construction or completion of the activity) is included in the contract. 2.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE 2.1 Construction Stage Activities by Concessionaire (or his Contractor) 2.1.1 Site Clearance 2.1.1.1 Clearing and Vegetation will be removed from the Grubbing proposed right of way before the commencement of Construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora is minimum. Only ground cover / shrubs that Clause No. 201 impinge directly on the permanent MORT&H works or necessary for temporary SUPERVISION Specifications works will be removed with prior Along the work in progress IE/AE CONSULTANT, for Road and approval from the Independent PIU Bridge works Engineer. The Contractor, under any

circumstances will not damage trees (in addition to those already felled with prior permission from the forest department). Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm will be considered as trees and shall be removed as per Activity 1.1.2. 2.1.1.3 Generation of Debris generated due to the Clause No. SUPERVISION Along the Road IE/AE Debris from dismantling of the existing pavement 301.3.2 CONSULTANT,

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring dismantling of structure shall be suitably reused in MORT&H PIU pavement structures the proposed construction, subject to Specifications the suitability of the material and the for Road and approval of the Independent Engineer Bridge works Unutilized debris material shall be suitably disposed off by the Contractor, either through filling up of borrow areas created for the project or at pre-designated dump locations, subject to the approval of the Engineer. Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed such that it does not flow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area. Disposal sites shall be identified by the contractor as per guidelines provided in Appendix 9-1; G-13. The identified locations will be reported to the Independent Engineer as per format Appendix 9-2; G-13. 2.1.1.4 Non-bituminons As far as possible construction waste construction waste will be utilized in road construction Clause No. disposal depending upon the suitability. 301.3.2 SUPERVISION Location of disposal sites will be MORT&H Along the Road IE/AE CONSULTANT, finalized prior to completion of the Specifications PIU earthworks on any particular section for Road and of the road. Bridge works After providing these facilities, if

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring disposal of waste required, contractor will identify the site as the guidelines for siting of disposal sites Appendix 9-2; EM-18. 2.1.1.5 Bituminous wastes The disposal of residual bituminous Clause No. disposal wastes will be done by the Contractor 301.3.2 SUPERVISION at secure landfill sites, with the MORT&H Along the Road IE/AE CONSULTANT, requisite approvals for the same from Specifications PIU the concerned government agencies. for Road and Bridge works 2.1.2 Planning Traffic Temporary diversions will be Diversions & constructed with the approval of the Detours Independent Engineer. Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be prepared and submitted to the Independent Engineer for approval, 5 days prior to commencement of works on any section of road. The Clause No. 112 traffic control plans shall contain MORT&H SUPERVISION details of temporary diversions, Specifications Along the Road IE/AE CONSULTANT, details of arrangements for for Road and PIU construction under traffic, details of Bridge works traffic arrangement after cessation of IRC; SP 55 work each day, safety measures for transport of hazardous material and arrangement of flagmen. Environmental personnel of the Independent Engineer will assess the environmental impacts associated as the loss of vegetation, productive

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring lands and the arrangement for temporary diversion of the land prior to the finalization of diversions and detours. Special consideration will be given to the preparation of the traffic control plan for safety of pedestrians and workers at night. The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. He shall inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian access arrangements. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by frequent application of water. 2.1.3 Procurement of Construction Materials 2.1.3.1 Borrow Areas No borrow area will be opened Clause No. without permission of the 305.2.2 Independent Engineer MORT&H Borrow pits will not be dug Specifications SUPERVISION continuously in a stretch. The for Road and Borrow Areas IE/AE CONSULTANT, location, shape and size of the Bridge works PIU designated borrow areas will be as Guideline-II approved by the Engineer and in (Guidelines for accordance to the IRC recommended Borrow area practice for borrow pits for road management)

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring embankments (IRC 10: 1961) The borrowing operations will be carried out as specified in the guidelines for siting and operation of borrow areas as per Appendix 9-1, G- 13; Appendix 6-2, EM-7, EM-12 EM- 17 The unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials will be maintained dust free by the Contractor. Since dust raising is the only impact along the haul roads, sprinkling of water will be carried out twice a day along such roads during their period of use. 2.1.3.2 Stripping, stocking The topsoil from borrow areas, areas and preservation of of cutting and areas to be permanently top soil covered will be stripped to a depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles. At least 10% of the temporarily acquired Clause No. area will be earmarked for storing 301.2.2 topsoil. SUPERVISION MORT&H The stockpile will be designed such Along the Road IE/AE CONSULTANT, Specifications that the slope does not exceed 1:2 PIU for Road and (vertical to horizontal), and the height Bridge works of the pile is to be restricted to 2m. Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur.

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring The stockpiles will be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by the contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. The management of topsoil shall be reported regularly to the Engineer as per format Appendix 9-2, EM-5 2.1.3.3 Quarries Concessionaire (or his Contractor) shall obtain Consent To Operate the Quarry from PCB, permission from Department of Minnig and Geology, Clause No. and should obtain environmental 111.3 clearance from MORT&H MoEF&CC/SEIAA/DEIAA Specifications SUPERVISION depending upon quarries area for Road and Quarry Areas IE/EA CONSULTANT, Concessionaire shall submit Bridge works PIU application for approval of the quarry Guideline III along with the copy of permission (Guideline for obtained from regulatory authorities. Quarry In addition to that Concessionaire Management) shall prepare redevelopment /rehabilitation plan and submit it to IE. 2.1.3.4 Blasting Except as may be provided in the MoRTH: 302.4 All blasting and Pre-splitting Concessionaire/ Contract or ordered or authorized by Sites. Contractor

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring the Independent Engineer, the Contractor will not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Contractor will comply with the requirements of the following Sub- Clauses of MoRTH 302 besides the law of the land as applicable. The Contractor will at all times take every possible precaution and will comply with appropriate laws and regulations relating to the import, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. The Contractor will at all times when engaged in blasting operations, post sufficient warning flagmen, to the full satisfaction of the Independent Engineer. The Contractor will at all times make full liaison with and inform well in advance and obtain such permission as is required from all Government Authorities, public bodies and private parties whomsoever concerned or affected or likely to be concerned or affected by blasting operations. Blasting will be carried out only with permission of the Independent Engineer. All the statutory laws, regulations, rules etc., pertaining to

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring acquisition, transport, storage, handling and use of explosives will be strictly followed. Blasting will be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid- day) or as permitted by the Independent Engineer. The timing should be made known to all the people within 1000m (200m for pre- splitting) from the blasting site in all directions. 2.1.3.5 Transporting All vehicles delivering materials to Construction the site will be covered to avoid Materials spillage of materials. All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the Contractor, or any of his sub-Contractor or suppliers of SUPERVISION materials and similarly roads which Project IE/AE All Roads Used CONSULTANT, are part of the works will be kept Requirement contractor PIU clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles The unloading of materials at construction sites close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only.

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 2.1.3.6 Water Extraction Procurement of water is to be carried Clause No. 1010 out as per Section 1.2.3.3. The EP Act 1986 SUPERVISION contractor will adopt every possible MORT&H IE/AE Along the Project CONSULTANT, action to minimize wastage of water Specifications Contractor PIU during construction. for Road and Bridge works 2.1.4 Infrastructure The Contractor during the Construction camps Concessionaire IE and PIU- provisions at Construction phase of the Project will (or his Bathinda construction camps provide, erect and maintain necessary Contractor) (temporary) living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labor to standards and scales approved by the Independent Engineer. Latrines and urinals shall be provided within the precincts of every workplace in an accessible place, and the accommodation, separately for each for these, as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996. Except in workplaces provided with water-flushed latrines connected with a water borne sewage system, all latrines shall be provided with dry- earth system (receptacles) which shall be cleaned at least four times daily and at least twice during working hours and kept in a strict sanitary condition. Receptacles shall be tarred

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring inside and outside at least once a year. If women are employed, separate latrines and urinals, screened from those for men (and marked in the vernacular) shall be provided. There shall be adequate supply of water, close to latrines and urinals. All temporary accommodation must be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. The sewage system for the camp must be designed, built and operated so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourses takes place. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp shall be regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. Construction camps are to be sited at least 1000m away from the nearest habitation and adequate health care is to be provided for the work force (refer Appendix 9-1, G-1; Appendix 6-2, EM-8). Unless otherwise arranged for by the local sanitary authority, arrangement for disposal of excreta by putting a

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Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring layer of night soils at the bottom of a permanent tank prepared for the purpose shall be taken up by the contractor. It should be covered with 15 cm layer of waste or refuse and then with a layer of earth for a fortnight (by then it will turn into manure). 2.1.5 Operation of All vehicles and equipment used for Environment All construction equipment Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- construction construction will be fitted with (Protection) and vehicles Contractor Bathinda equipment’s and exhaust silencers. During routine Rules, 1986 vehicles servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked Monitoring Plan and if found to be defective will be Table 6.1 & replaced. Noise limits for construction Table 6.2 equipment used in this project (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB(A), as specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation for levels of noise emission. The Contractor will ensure that the AAQ concentrations at these

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-22 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring construction sites are within the acceptable limits of industrial uses in case of hot mix plants and crushers and residential uses around construction camps. Dust screening vegetation will be planted on the edge of the RoW for screening dust crusher. Monitoring of the exhaust gases and noise levels will be carried out by a accredited Environmental Monitoring agency for the project.

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-23 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 2.1.6 Material Handling at All workers employed on mixing Site asphaltic material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., will be provided with protective footwear and protective goggles. Workers, who are engaged in welding works, would be provided with welder’s protective eye-shields. Workers engaged in stone crushing activities will be provided with protective goggles and clothing and will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals. The use of any herbicide or other SUPERVISION toxic chemical will be strictly in IE/AE All Roads Used Project Requirement CONSULTANT, accordance with the manufacturer’s Contractor PIU instructions. The Independent Engineer will be given at least 6 working days notice of the proposed use of any herbicide or toxic chemical. A register of all herbicides and other toxic chemicals delivered to the site will be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register will include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-24 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring procedures for the product. No man below the age of 14 years and no woman will be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form. No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. Face masks will be supplied for use by the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray or a surface having lead paint dry rubbed and scrapped. 2.1.7 Precautionary/Safety All relevant provisions of the Factories Act, All construction sites Concessionaire IE and PIU- Measures During Factories Act, 1948 and the Building 1948 and the /Contractor Bathinda Construction and other Construction Workers Building and (regulation of Employment and other Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 will Construction be adhered to. Workers Adequate safety measures for workers (regulation of during handling of materials at site Employment (Section 2.1.6) will be taken up. and Conditions The contractor has to comply with all of Service) Act, regulations regarding safe scaffolding, 1996 ladders, working platforms, gangway, Section 2.1.6 stairwells, excavations, trenches and MoRTH 105 safe means of entry and egress. Sub clause 111.11 2.1.8 Protection of All necessary and adequate care shall MoRTH: All construction sites Concessionaire IE and PIU- Religious Structures be taken to minimize impact on 111.15.9 (or his Bathinda cultural properties (which includes Contractor)

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-25 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring cultural sites and remains, places of worship including temples, mosques, Dargahand shrines, etc., graveyards, monuments and any other important structures as identified during design and all properties/sites/remains notified under the Ancient Sites and Remains Act). No work shall spillover to these properties, premises and precincts. Access to such properties from the road shall be maintained clear and clean. 2.1.9 Chance found All fossils, coins, articles of value of All construction sites and Concessionaire IE and PIU- Archaeological antiquity, structures and other remains Borrow areas /Contractor Bathinda property or things of geological or archaeological interest discovered on the site shall be the property of the Government, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing. He shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-26 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring which all work shall be stopped. The Independent Engineer shall seek direction from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) before instructing the Contractor to recommence work on the site.

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-27 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 2.1.10 Earthworks 2.1.10.1 Excavations All excavations will be done in such a MoRTH 301.3.3 All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- manner that the suitable materials MoRTH 304.3.6 Contractor Bathinda available from excavation are IS:3764 satisfactorily utilized as decided upon beforehand. The excavations shall conform to the lines, grades, side slopes and levels shown in the drawings or as directed by the Independent Engineer. While planning or executing excavation the contractor shall take all adequate precautions against soil erosion, water pollution etc (clause 306) and take appropriate drainage measures to keep the site free of water (clause 311), through use of mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. The contractor shall take adequate protective measures to see that excavation operations do not affect or damage adjoining structures and water bodies. For safety precautions guidance may be taken from IS: 3764. Earth fill Embankment and other fill areas, MoRTH Along earth fill areas Concessionaire IE and PIU- unless otherwise permitted by the 305.3.5.3 /Contractor Bathinda Independent Engineer, be constructed evenly over their full width and the Contractor will control and direct

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-28 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring movement of construction vehicles and machinery over them 2.1.10.2 Stripping, stocking Stock piling of top soil as per Section Section 2.1.3.2 All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- and preservation of 2.1.3.2 and top soil preservation Contractor Bathinda top soil The stockpiles will be located at least sites 100 m from watercourses. 2.1.10.3 Drainage In addition to the design All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- requirements at requirements, the Contractor will take Contractor Bathinda construction sites all desired measures as directed by the Engineer to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area. 2.1.10.4 Dust All earthwork will be protected in a MoRTH 111.8 All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- manner acceptable to the Independent and work sites Contractor Bathinda Engineer to minimize generation of dust. The Contractor will take every precaution to reduce the level of dust generation at construction sites involving earthworks, by frequent application of water. 2.1.10.5 Contamination of Vehicle/machinery and equipment All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- soil operation, maintenance and refueling MoRTH 306 & Contractor Bathinda will be carried out in such a fashion MoRTH 311 that spillage of fuels and lubricants Section 2.1.3.2. does not contaminate the ground. Oil interceptor will be provided for vehicle parking, wash down and refueling areas within the construction camps. Fuel storage will

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-29 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring be in proper bunded areas. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF&CC and SPCB guidelines. Fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 1000m from rivers and irrigation ponds or as directed by the Engineer. In all fuel storage and refueling areas, if located on agricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the topsoil will be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such storage and refueling activities as per Section 2.1.3.2 2.1.10.6 Compaction of soil To minimize soil compaction, Annexure ‘A’ to Surrounding areas of RoW Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- construction vehicle, machinery and MoRTH 501 and haul road Contractor Bathinda equipment will move or be stationed in designated area (RoW or CoI, haul roads as applicable) only. The haul roads for construction materials should be routed to avoid agricultural areas 2.1.10.7 Silting, Silt fencing will be provided around Environmental Water bodies falling along Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- Contamination of stockpiles at the construction sites Protection Act, the project corridor. Contractor Bathinda Water bodies close to water bodies. The fencing 1986 needs to be provided prior to commencement of earthworks and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-30 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring sub-section of the road. Construction materials containing fine particles will be stored in an enclosure such that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby watercourses. All discharge standards promulgated under Environmental Protection Act, 1986, will be adhered to. All liquid wastes generated from the site will be disposed off as acceptable to the Independent Engineer.

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-31 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 2.1.10.8 Cutting/Filling of Earth works shall be undertaken such Surface Water bodies whose Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- Surface water bodies that the existing embankments of water storage capacity is Contractor Bathinda water bodies are not disturbed. In case affected by the project and of cutting of embankments, the same whose embankments are shall be reconstructed with being cut appropriate slope protection measures and adequate erosion control measures. Filling of surface water bodies will be compensated by digging an equal volume of soil for water storage. Such dug-up soil will be used for spreading as topsoil. Wherever digging is undertaken, the banks will be protected as designed or as approved by the Engineer. The excavation will be carried out in a manner so that the side slopes are no steeper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, otherwise slope protection work, as approved by the Independent Engineer. As far as practicable, and as approved by the Engineer, excavation for replacement of water bodies will be at the closest possible place/location, with respect to the original water body or part thereof consumed by filling. 2.1.10.9 Sub-Base & Base The Contractor will take all necessary Annexure A to All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU-

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-32 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring measures/ precautions to ensure that MoRTH 501 Contractor Bathinda the execution of works and all associated operations are carried out in conformity with statutory and regulatory environmental requirements including those prescribed in Annexure A to MoRTH Section 2.1.6 501. The contractor will plan and provide Section 2.1.10.4 for remedial measures to be implemented in event of occurrence Section 2.1.5. of emergencies such as spillage of oil or bitumen or chemicals. The contractor will provide the Engineer Section 2.1.3.5 with a statement of measures that he Section 2.1.7 intends to implement in event of such an emergency, which will include a statement of how he intends to adequately train personnel to implement such measures. Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site (Section 2.1.6) will be taken up. The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the level of dust along construction sites by frequent application of water as per Section 2.1.10.4 Noise levels from all vehicles and equipment used for construction will

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-33 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring conform to standards as specified in Section 2.1.5. Construction activities involving equipments with high noise levels will be restricted to the daytime. Transport of materials for construction will be as per Section 2.1.3.5 The contractor will provide for all safety measures during construction as per Section 2.1.7

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-34 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring 2.1.11 Surfacing The contractor will take all necessary Annexure A to All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- means to ensure that works and all MoRTH 501 Contractor Bathinda associated operations are carried out in conformity with Annexure A to Section 2.1.6 MoRTH 501. All workers employed on mixing Section 2.1.5 asphaltic material etc. will be provided with protective footwear as specified in Section 2.1.6. Section 2.1.3.5 Noise levels from all vehicles and Section 2.1.7 equipment used for surfacing will conform to standards as specified in Section 2.1.5. Construction activities involving equipments with high noise levels will be restricted to the daytime. Transport of materials for construction will be as per Section 2.1.3.5 The contractor will provide for all safety measures during construction as per Section 2.1.7 2.1.12 Bridge Works & While working across or close to the At locations where bridge Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- Culverts rivers, the Contractor will not disrupt MoRTH 2500 works and culverts are Contractor Bathinda the flow of water. If for any proposed. bridgework, etc., diversion/closure of flow is required, the Contractor apart from obtaining the requisite clearances from the irrigation department will seek approval of the

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-35 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring Independent Engineer. The Independent Engineer will have the right to ask the Contractor to serve notice on the downstream users of water sufficiently in advance. Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams will be undertaken in the dry session. Construction work expected to disrupt users and impacting community water bodies will be taken up after serving notice on the local community. Dry stone pitching for apron and revetment will be provided for bridges and cross drainage structures. 2.1.13 Mitigation Measures Provision is made for vegetative noise Noise Rule 2002 Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- for Noise Sensitive barrier at locations exceeding Contractor Bathinda Receptors operation stage noise levels. Other noise mitigation options shall be explored based on site conditions. 2.1.14 Road Furniture Road furniture including footpaths, MoRTH 801 & All along the project corridor Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- railings, storm water drains, crash Contract Contractor Bathinda barrier, traffic signs, speed zone Document signs, pavement markers and any other such items will be provided as per design 2.1.15 Enhancements Enhancement of all cultural EMP Sites as identified in the Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- properties, water bodies, incidental EMP Contractor Bathinda spaces has been detailed out. (Refer drawing volume of the Design

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-36 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring report). 2.1.16 Monitoring The Contractor will undertake Table 6.2 Monitoring Locations as Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- Environmental seasonal monitoring of air, water, Table 6.3 specified in Table 8.3 Contractor Bathinda Conditions noise and soil quality through an approved monitoring agency. The parameters to be monitored, frequency and duration of monitoring as well as the locations to be monitored will be as per the Monitoring Plan prepared (Refer Table 6.2). 2.1.17 Contractor Demobilization 2.1.17.1 Clearing of Contractor to prepare site restoration All Construction Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- Construction Camps plans for approval by the Independent Workers’ Contractor Bathinda & Restoration Engineer. The plan is to be Camps implemented by the Contractor prior to demobilization. On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Independent Engineer. Residual topsoil will be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren/rocky areas as identified by the Concessionaire along with Independent Engineer’s representative

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-37 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring in a layer of thickness of 75mm - 150mm 2.1.17.2 Redevelopment of Redevelopment/Rehabilitation of At all borrow areas Concessionaire/ IE and PIU- Borrow Areas borrow areas will be taken up in MoRTH: 111.2 excavated for the project. Contractor Bathinda accordance with the plans approved by the Independent Engineer. Guidelines for redevelopment/Rehabilitation of borrow areas are presented in Appendix 9-2, EM-17 & EM-18 2.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES BY PIU-ENVIRONMENTAL CELL 3.0 OPERATION STAGE ACTIVITIES BY PIU-ENVIRONMENTAL CELL 3.1 Monitoring The PIU will monitor the operational Table 6.1 Throughout the project Concessionaire/ PIU-Bathinda Operational performance of the various Table 6.4 corridor Contractor Performance mitigation/enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project. The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees, utility of enhancement provisions for cultural properties, water bodies, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas and noise barrier at sensitive receptors. 4.0 OTHER ACTIVITIES 4.1 Training of The PIU shall organize training PIU-Bathinda implementing sessions during all stages of the agency and project. The orientation session shall Contractors involve field level EMP implementation staff of PIU, Independent Engineer and BOT

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-38 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Responsibility Sl. No Environmental Issue Management Measures Reference Location Planning and Supervision/ Execution Monitoring Concessionaire.

Environmental Impact Assessment Repor t Page | 9-39 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

REPORTING SYSTEM

Reporting system and its proper implementation will provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works. It also gives us an idea whether the construction and implementation work is as per schedule. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project.

The reporting system will operate linearly. The contractor will report to the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC), who in turn shall report to the PIU, Bathinda. All reporting by the contractor and CSC shall be on a quarterly basis. The PIU, Bathinda based on the EMP activity identified shall be responsible for preparing targets. All subsequent reporting by the contractor shall be monitored as per these targets set by the PIU before the contractors move on to the site. The Contractor on monthly bases will report/ submit the progress of work, which will form the basis for monitoring by the PIU, either by its own Environmental Engineer/s or the Environmental Specialist hired by the CSC. The desired monitoring and reporting process and responsibilities are given in table 7-2. The monitoring and the subsequent reporting would include: • Monitoring of facilities at construction camps • Monitoring of air, noise, soil and water quality parameters including silt load • Monitoring of survival rate of trees planted on valley slopes • Monitoring of cleaning of drains and water bodies • Monitoring for biodiversity – protection measures during construction phase • Monitoring of bio-engineering measures suggested

This monitoring and reporting system attempts to pre-empt much of the environmental issues created during construction and post construction stages and provides the necessary feedback for CSC/ contractor to make sure that EMP is implemented in full spirit. Instead of a linear reporting system, this system works on a two way basis – initial reporting by contractor followed by monitoring by CSC based on contractor’s reports. Responsibilities for monitoring will rest with the Environmental Officer of the Supervising Consultant reporting to the Environmental Engineer, PIU and further to Project Director, PIU.

A detailed reporting system for all the Performance Indicators has been developed and is presented in Appendix 9-1 & 9-2. Reporting formats for Contractors have been prepared, which will form the basis of monitoring by CSC.

The details procedure of reporting and monitoring system is as follows:

(A) Monitoring of project related facilities with respect to environment

Stage –I, Site Identification:

While initiating the project, the Contractor needs to identify suitable sites for project related ancillary facilities like construction camp, labour camp, quarry and stone crusher units, borrow area, debris disposal sites and sources of water for construction. The same shall be undertaken adhering to the criteria given in the respective guidelines for each of these sites given in Appendix 9-1; G-1, 2, 6, 7&13. Once the site is identified by the Contractor, s/he shall prepare a site identification report furnishing all the details pertaining to the identified site using the reporting format given in Appendix 9-2 EM – 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 & 8 and submit it to the CSC. Subsequently, the

Page | 9-40 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Environmental officer (EO) of CSC has to visit each site and approve / reject the site with reasons. The EO of CSC has to give a copy of this format to the contractor after his approval / rejection with remarks. This reporting procedure needs to be undertaken for each and every parcel of land identified for any of the project related ancillary facility.

Stage-II – Setting up of Sites:

On approval of a site, the Contractor has to prepare the Management and Redevelopment Plan for this site as per the relevant Guidelines given in Appendix -9-1; G-1, 2, 6, 7&13 of EMP and submit to CSC for approval. In addition to the Management and Redevelopment Plans for sites, the Contractor has to prepare Comprehensive Waste Management Plan, Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan, and Hazardous Substances Management Plan for all sites together, as per the Guidelines given in EMP Appendix 9-1; G-9, 10 & 13 respectively. Subsequently, the EO of CSC needs to visit each site and approve the Management Plan. The EO of CSC has to give a copy of this management plan to the contractor after his approval with remarks / suggestions for additional mitigation measures. Any kind of activity could be initiated in a site only after getting approval from CSC for the Management and Redevelopment Plan for that site. These plans need to be prepared for each and every parcel of land identified as described above.

Stage – III – Operation of Sites:

Once the Contractor receives approval for the Management and Redevelopment Plan, s/he can initiate activities on the site. All the activities shall be undertaken strictly in line with the said plan. CSC shall monitor the implementation of management plan monthly once, through site visits and the Checklists for Monitoring the Environmental Management of Sites / Camps given in Appendix 9-2; EM – 14, 15, 16, 17 & 18. Corrective actions with specific timeframe should be proposed for each environmental management measure, which is not implemented satisfactorily. A copy of the filled up checklist should be given to the Senior Environmental Officer (SEO) of the Contractor. CSC has to attach this format to the Monthly Report to be submitted to EE, PIU, with details of corrective action taken by the Contractor.

Details of each site opened should be entered in this register in chronological order. Whenever a site is closed, it should be recorded in this register with status of redevelopment. Clearances applicable for each site and the status of clearances should also be entered in this register. This same format shall be used to report the details of sites opened and closed to the CSC along with the Monthly Report of the Contractor. EO of CSC has to visit the sites, verify the details and approve the report with instruction to the contractor if any clearance is pending for any site or redevelopment is not done satisfactorily for any closed site. A copy of the approved report with CSC’s remarks should be given to the SEO expert of the Contractor. The EO of CSC has to attach this format to the Monthly Report to be submitted to EE, PIU, with details of corrective action taken by the Contractor.

Stage-IV: Site Closures:

Upon completion of the operation in any particular project ancillary facility site, the Contractor shall undertake redevelopment of the same, in line with the redevelopment plan which was already approved by CSC and intimate to CSC through the format for Register of Sites Opened and Closed. The Environmental Officer of the CSC shall monitor the same through site visit and the Checklists

Page | 9-41 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul for Monitoring the Redevelopment of Sites / Camps provided in Appendix 9-2; EM – 14, 15, 16, 17 & 18 as and when a site is closed and reported by the Contractor. Corrective actions with specific timeframe should be proposed for each environmental management measure, which is not implemented satisfactorily. A copy of the filled up checklist should be given to the SEO of the Contractor. SEO has to attach this format to the Monthly Report to be submitted to EE, PIU, with details of corrective action taken by the Contractor.

As described above, the reporting tasks for project facilities have been split and shared among contractor and CSC and its summary is given below: • One time reporting by contractor to CSC at the stage of identification of sites and camps • One time reporting by contractor to CSC through management and redevelopment plans before setting up of sites and camps. • Monthly reporting of sites opened and closed by contractor to CSC • Monthly monitoring by CSC during the operation stage of sites and camps • One time monitoring by CSC after the closure of each site and camp

(B) Monitoring and reporting of Environmental Management Measures

The Contractor shall undertake regular monthly reporting to CSC using the format given in Sequence B (For overall project) and all other reporting formats shall be attached to this monthly report as Annexures. The Monthly Report captures the physical progress of the work, main issues / concerns, corrective actions taken, no. of workers in the reporting month etc. Further, CSC shall report monthly to EE,PIU summarizing the issues / concerns and actions taken. All the reporting formats given in Appendix 9-2 EM-5, 6 and EC – 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7 shall be used by the Contractor to report environmental management measures related to various aspects of the overall project. These reports are to be submitted monthly by the Contractor to the CSC. The EO of CSC shall visit the sites and verify the implementation of management measures and approve the reports. EO of CSC should give a copy of the approved reports to the SEO of the Contractor with his remarks.

(C) Monitoring and Reporting of Environmental Quality:

Environmental quality monitoring shall be undertaken by the Contractor through an NABL approved Laboratory, based on the Environmental Quality Monitoring Plan presented in Table 8-3. The monitoring results shall be reported by the Contractor to the CSC in the Reporting Format for Environmental Quality Monitoring given in Appendix 9-2; EC -1 along with the Monthly Report, if monitoring was due in that month. A copy of the monitoring report given by the Laboratory has to be attached to this format. The CSC has to visit the sites and verify the details. Additional mitigation measures, if required, can be suggested by the CSC. The EO of CSC has to give back a copy of this format to the contractor after his approval with remarks.

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Table 9-2: Monitoring, Reporting Plan & Responsibility Frequency of Reporting/Monitoring Frequency of Reporting by Applicable Project Site Reporting/Action Taken to Applicable Format.No Format Contractor be taken by CSC For Project Related Facilities and Sites STAGE-I. SITE IDENTIFICATION Reporting Formats for Construction Camp Appendix 9-2; EM-8 Identification of Sites Labour Camp Appendix 9-2; EM-3 Quarry and stone crusher units Appendix 9-2; EM-4 Borrow Area One time reporting to CSC for Visit each site and approve the Appendix 9-2, EM-7 disposal site/dumping site each site, as and when it is site as and when it is reported Appendix 9-2; EM-1 Water Sources identified Appendix 9-2; EM-2 STAGE-II. SETTING UP OF SITES Management and Construction camp Appendix 9-1; G-1 Redevelopment Plan for Labour Camp Appendix 9-1; G-2 Site/Camps Borrow Area One time reporting to CSC for Visit Each site and approve Appendix 9-1; G-6 disposal site/dumping site each site and when it is the management plans as and Appendix 9-1; G-13 Quarry and stone crusher units required when it is submitted Appendix 9-1; G-7 Comprehensive Waste All Site One time reporting to CSC for Visit Each site and approve Appendix 9-1, G-13 Management Plan all sites together the management plan as and when it is submitted Occupational Health and All Site One time reporting to CSC for Visit Each site and approve Appendix 9-1; G-9 Safety Management Plan all sites together the management plan as and when it is submitted Hazardous Substance All Site One time reporting to CSC for Visit Each site and approve Appendix 9-1; G-10 Management Plan all sites together the management plan as and when it is submitted

STAGE –III. OPERATION OF SITES Format for registrar of sites All sites/camps Details to be recorded in the Check the status of clearances Appendix 9-2; EC-8 opened and closed and its chronological order as and and redevelopment status of reporting when a site is opened/closed. each site and approve the To be submitted to CSC report monthly monthly

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Frequency of Reporting/Monitoring Frequency of Reporting by Applicable Project Site Reporting/Action Taken to Applicable Format.No Format Contractor be taken by CSC Checklists for Monitoring Construction camp Monthly Monitor the implementation of Appendix 9-2, EM - 9 Environmental Management Labor Camp management plan monthly Appendix 9-2, EM -10 of Site/Camp Quarry and stone crusher once, through site visit and Appendix 9-2, EM-11 Borrow area checklist Appendix 9-2, EM-12 Disposal site Appendix 9-2, EM-13 STAGE –IV. SITES CLOSURE Checklists for monitoring Construction camp One time after completion Monitoring the Appendix 9-2, EM -14 redevelopment of Sites/Camps Labor Camp implementation of Appendix 9-2; EM-15 Quarry and stone crusher redevelopment plan through Appendix 9-2; EM-16 Borrow area site visit and checklist as and Appendix 9-2; EM-17 Disposal site when a site is closed and Appendix 9-2; EM-18 reported through the register of sites A. For Overall Project Format for Top Soil and Earth All project site Monthly Monitoring of implementation Appendix 9-2, EM-5 Work Management of Management measures Format for Tree Cutting & All project site Monthly through site visits and approve Appendix 9-2, EM-6 Stump Removal the reports monthly Format for arrangement of All project Site Monthly Appendix 9-2, EC-2 temporary land Format for establishment of All project site Monthly Appendix 9-2; EC-3 hot mix plant /batching plant Format for safety All project site Monthly Appendix 9-2; EC-4 (construction) check list Format for road safety All project site Monthly Appendix 9-2; EC- 5 reporting formats Format for Accident Reporting All project site Monthly Appendix 9-2; EC-6 Format Format for details of All project site Monthly Appendix 9-2; EC-7 machinery in operations B. For Environmental Quality Monitoring Reporting format for All project site Monitoring is to be conducted Verify the details through site Appendix 9-2, EC -1

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Frequency of Reporting/Monitoring Frequency of Reporting by Applicable Project Site Reporting/Action Taken to Applicable Format.No Format Contractor be taken by CSC Environmental Quality as per Environmental Quality visits and approve the reports Monitoring Monitoring Plan, given in monthly table 8-3 (List of monitoring locations). To be submitted to CSC along with Report

In addition to these formats, to ensure that the environmental provisions are included at every activity of the implementation by the Contractor, it is suggested that the approval of the environmental personnel of the engineer is required in the Request for application to proceed or other similar reporting formats used by the Contractor. These will not only ensure that the environmental provisions are addressed but also link the satisfactory compliance to environmental procedures prior to approval of the Interim Payment Certificate (IPC) by the Engineer.

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9.5. EMP BUDGETS Sl Unit Cost Amount Activity Unit Quantity Remarks No. (Rs.) (Rs.) 1 Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase.

8 Monitoring 1a Air quality Monitoring No. 6000 60 3,60,000 stations Quarterly for 2.5 years 10 Monitoring 1b Noise Monitoring No. 2000 90 1,50,000 stations Quarterly for 2.5.years 5 Monitoring Ground Water Quality 1c No. 6500 38 2,47,000 Station Quarterly for Monitoring 2.5years Surface Water Quality 5 Monitoring Station No 6800 38 2,58,000 Monitoring Quarterly for 2.5years 5 Monitoring stations, Soil Quality 1d No. 6500 38 2,47,000 Quarterly for 2.5 Monitoring years Transportation Cost 1e - - - 1,35,000 (Lumpsum) Sub Total of Sl 1 13,97,000 2 Environmental Protection and Enhancement Noise barrier at 2a Rm 1200 5800 69,60,000 sensitive receptors 2b Rainwater Harvesting No. 152 1,20,000 1,82,40,000 Provision of Oil Interceptor at Vehicle parking areas and as per directions of the 2c Environmental No 4 80,000 3,20,000 Specialist / Environmental Engineer of the Engineer Assumed as per Disposal of Sewage prevailing rates and other wastes in the construction yard and 2d labour camps as per Month 30 10,000 3,00,000 directions of the Environmental Specialist Dust Management with sprinkling of water, 2e` covers for vehicles Km 76.290 22,000 16,78,380 transporting construction material Sub Total of Sl 2 2,74,98,380 3 Forest Clearance, Plantation and Maintenance NPV for diversion of 3a Ha 8,03,000 9 72,27,000 Paid by NHAI forest land (Tentative) 3b Compensatory No. 3250 20,000 6,50,00,000 Assumed as per

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Sl Unit Cost Amount Activity Unit Quantity Remarks No. (Rs.) (Rs.) Plantation (10 times of prevailing rates the number of affected trees) for trees existing on Revenue Land Maintenance for 5 1678 3,35,60,000 3c No 20,000 years Pruning & Trimming 73 14,60,000 3d - 20,000

Sub Total of Sl 3 10,72,47,000 4 Monitoring during Operation Phase Twice a year for 2 4a Ambient Air Quality No 7000 24 1,68,000 years in 6 locations twice a year for 2 4b Ambient Noise Level No 2000 24 48,000 years in 6 locations Ground Water Quality twice a year for 2 4c No 6500 20 1,30,000 Monitoring years in 5 locations Surface Water Quality twice a year for 2 4d No 7,000 20 1,40,000 Monitoring years in 5 locations Soil Quality twice a year for 2 4e No 6500 20 1,30,000 Monitoring years in 5 locations Cost for operation phase monitoring 6,16,000 5 MISCELLANEOUS COST Rate/unit Capacity Development of Env. Cell Execution 5a L.S 8,00,000 team 5b Digital Camera for the Environment Cell (4) 40,000 1,60,000 5c Portable sound level meter 4Nos 30,000 120,000 Maintenance of vehicle with the Environment 5d Cell, Data processing, administrative support, 30,000 9,00,000 stationery etc. (30 months) Total MISCELLANEOUS COST 19,80,000 Total Cost (Construction and Operation Phase) 13,87,38,380 Contingency @ 5% on Total Environmental Cost 69,36,919 Grand Total 14,56,75,299

The Total EMP cost for Construction and Operations phase of the project including monitoring will be about 14.57 Crore.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

10. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

10.1. BACKGROUND

National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament in 1988 under the administrative control of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways NHAI has been set up as a Central Authority to develop, maintain and manage the National Highways entrusted to it by the Government of India. The authority, however, became operational in February, 1995.

The NHAI is an autonomous agency of the Government of India and is responsible for management of the network of national highways across the country. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India. It was established with a vision to have a sustainable, efficient, safe and internationally comparable quality of road to enhanced connectivity, quick mobility to a level which accelerates socio-economic development of India.

The NHAI was established with a mission to develop: 1. To develop Highways (NHs)Network in the country of international standards for uninterrupted flow of traffic with enhanced safety features. 2. To upgrade connectivity for remote and isolated areas, including North-East Area, Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected areas including Tribal areas. 3. To evolving policies for efficient and safe transportation through the road retwork and facilitating their implementation. 4. To establish arrangements for review of road transport requirements keeping in view the long term perspective. 5. To evolve regulations for safer, fuel efficient and cleaner automobiles in alignment with international standards. 6. To improving road safety scenario in the country especially on National Highways. 7. To promoting IT for facilitating online services to the stakeholders 8. To strengthening public transport system.

With the above vision and mission, the NHAI has constructed 132,500 km of highway as on 31.03.2019.

10.2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Bharatmala Pariyojana is a new umbrella program for the highways sector that focuses on optimizing efficiency of freight and passenger movement across the country by bridging critical infrastructure gaps through effective interventions like development of Economic Corridors, Inter Corridors and Feeder Routes, National Corridor Efficiency Improvement, Border and International connectivity roads, Coastal and Port connectivity roads and Green-field expressways. A total of around 24,800 kms are being considered in Phase I. In addition, Phase I also includes 10,000 kms of balance road works under NHDP.

Estimated outlay for Phase I is Rs 5,35,000 crores spread over 5 years. The objective of the program is optimal resource allocation for a holistic highway development/improvement initiative.

Under Bharatmala Phase-I i.e over a period of five years i.e. 2017-18 to 2021-22; 24,800 km of road will be constructed incurring an expenditure of 385,000 crore and the balance road i.e 10,000 km with an expenditure of 1,50,000 Crore will be contracted under NHDP.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Under Bharatmala Phase-I, National Highway Authority of India through wide letter No. NAHI/AJ/EC/Amritsar – Bhatinda Greenfield/ 2020 dated 28th September 2020 has proposed to construct Green Field Highway of 345 Km across state of Punjab. Off the total 345 km green field highway, URS Scott Wilson India Pvt. Ltd in AECOM India Pvt. Ltd has been entrusted to carry out Detailed Project Report for 76.290 km long 8 lane Ludhiana – Bathinda passing through 3 districts i.e Ludhiana and Bathinda. The Salient Features of the proposed project is Table 10-1.

Table 10-1: Salient Feature of the Proposed Green Field Highway S.No Features Description 1. Name of Project Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE-5 near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana by M/s National Highways Authority of India (Total Length 75+543 Km) - Terms of Reference

2. Nature of Project 8-lane, Access-Controlled Greenfield Highway

3. Project location The proposed project passes through 3 district i.e Ludhiana through Tehsil - Ludhiana, Rajkot, Barnala through Tehsil – Barnala,, Tapa and Bathinda district through Tehsil - Rampura Phul. The proposed ROW is 60m and it traverses through revenue area of 36 Villages.

4. Reference Take of Point Zone End Point Zone Geographical Junction of Ludhiana Ring Bhaini Village (km 76+290) Coordinate Road (RR) & at Km 252 of NE-5 of Delhi-Katra Expressway (Km 00+000) 30°20'22.00"N 30°45'59.33"N 75°10'27.92"E 75°45'28.22"E

5. Topography and The alignment is passing through plain terrain. The predominant land Landuse use along the alignment is agricultural (95.27%) followed by built-up area (4.16%), Govt land (0.51%) and Forest/tree cover (0.06%). 6. Water Demand Construction Water Requirement of is 8,95,000 KL (1225 KLD) Operation Water Demand – 7.4 KLD 7. Land Requirement Total land requirement 508.99Ha (505.712 Ha. Agricultural land) and (3.278 Ha. Protected Forest Land- along irrigation canal, railways line, roads, bunds etc) 8. Source of Water Tanker supply augmented with ground water and surface water after obtaining requisite approvals 9. Nearest Highways NH-71 crossing at 45+800, State Highway -13 crossing at km 13+500, 10. Nearest Railways Rampur Phul Railway Station - 9.2 km North Station 11. Nearest Airport Proposed Halwara Airport 2.5 km towards North 12. Inter State Boundary 13. Protected Area No wildlife protected area i.e National Park/ Wildlife protected area/ Game reserve/ conservation reserve etc declared protected under the

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S.No Features Description Wildlife (Protection), Act -1972 are reported within 10 km radius from proposed alignment. 14. Road Length Total Length 75+543 Km 15. Carriageway 21 m 16. PROW 60m 17. Realignment / Nil Bypasses 18. Major Interaction 7 19. Flyover 7 20. ROB Nil 21. Bus Bay/ Shelter 1 22. Truck Lay bye 1 23. Toll Plaza 4 24. Major Bridges Nil 25. Minor Bridges 7 26. Vehicle Underpass 4 (VUP) 27. VOP 5 28. LVUP 26 29. SVUP 49 30. Culverts 123 31. Amenities / Service 4 Area

10.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT

The main objective of the consultancy service is to establish the technical, economical, and financial viability of the project and prepare detailed project reports for rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing road to 4-lane with paved shoulders configuration. The main objective would include detailed highway design, design of pavement and overlay with options for flexible and rigid pavements, design of bridges and cross drainage structures and grade separated structures, design of service roads, quantities of various items, detailed working drawings, detailed cost estimates, economical and financial viability analysis, environmental and social feasibility, social and environmental plans as appropriate and documents required for tendering the project on commercial basis for international/ local competitive bidding.

10.4. SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA)

The environmental assessment scope includes screening and scoping, environmental assessment and environmental management plans for the individual project roads as required.

• Collection of baseline information on various components of the environment. • Identification of areas and aspects that are environmentally or socially significant. • Conducting community consultations on various environmental and social aspects of the project and documenting the same. • Determining the magnitude of environmental impacts and formulation of mitigation measures for consideration and incorporation during planning/design, construction and operational phases of the project implementation.

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• Preparation of environmental management plans including a program for monitoring environmental impacts, implementation schedule and responsibilities. It also specifies requirements of Institutional strengthening, if any, supervision program and contracting procedures for execution of environmental mitigation works.

10.5. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ROAD

The proposed project is the development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starts at Delhi-Katra Expressway of NE 5 (at Ballowal village of Ludhiana West Tahsil) and ends at Amritsar- Bathinda Greenfield Highway (near Rampura Phul Tahsil) in the state of Punjab. Total length of Ludhiana- Bathinda Greenfield Highway is 75+543 Km. The proposed alignment is passing through 5 Tahsils (Ludhiana and Raikot Tahsils) of Ludhiana district, (Barnala and Tapa Tahsils) of Barnala district and (Rampura Phul Tahsil) of Bathinda district in the state of Punjab.

Start point at Km 0+ 000 at Ballowal Village End Point at Km 75+543 near Rampur Phul

The GPS co-ordinates in UTM of the Project road take-off point and end point are presented next:

Table 10-2: GPS Co-ordinates (in UTM) of Project Take-off & Terminal Point Take-Off Point Terminal Point Near Village Ballowal Km ( 00+000) Near Village Rampura Phul at Km 76+290 Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing Zone 516768.96 m E 3356411.51 m N 43R 572528.92 m E 3403976.65 m N 43 R

The location of the project road in toposheet is given in Figure 10-1

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Figure 10-1: Location Map of Proposed Ludhiana – Bathinda Green Field Highway

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As per the EIA notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1 December 2009 and further notification made as on 22nd August, 2013. The proposed project falls under 7(f) and is category A project.

As per the EIA notification 2006, the highway project are divided into two categories as mention below:

Project or Activity Category with threshold Limit Conditions if any

A B

7 (f) Highways i) New National High ways; and i) All New State Highway General Condition Projects; shall apply

Note: Highways ii) Expansion of National High include ways greater than 100 km ii) State Highway expressways. involving additional right of expansion projects in hilly way or land acquisition greater terrain (above 1000 m than 40m on existing alignment AMSL) and or ecologically and 60 m on re-alignment or sensitive areas. bypasses

As per the above the proposed Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway is a New National Highways and attract the provision of Environmental Clearance. The project need to undertake Stage-1. Screening, Stage-2. Scoping, Stage-3 Public Consultation and Stage-4. Appraisal by the EAC, MoEF&CC, GoI.

The proposed project was uploaded on MoEF&CC online portal for Terms of Reference vide Proposal No. IA/PB/NCP/177976/2020 and File No 10-63/2020-IA.III

Project was recommended for Terms of Reference (ToR) during 246th Meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee. The present EIA report is based on project specific ToR as well as Standard ToR for Highway Projects.

10.6. APPLICABILITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS

The applicability of various Environmental Laws/ Regulations and guidelines were reviewed for the project and its allied activities. Analysis with respect to Govt. of India guidelines and regulatory environment framework attracted by the proposed Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway is presented in the Table 10-3

Table 10-3:Regulatory Clearance and it’s applicability

S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency 1. The Environmental Umbrella Act to Yes All environmental MoEF&CC, (Protection) Act. 1986, and protect the Act/Rule are SEAC/SEIA the Environmental environment government by this A CPCB (Protection) Rules, 1987- act and SPCB 2002 (various amendments)

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency 2. 14th September EIA The proposed project Yes New Highways MoEF&CC notification 2006 and it’s falls under 7(f) project attract the further amendments highways – All new provision of Highway Project Environmental Clearance 3. S.O. 141(E) [15-01-2016]: Opening of New Yes Prior MoEF&CC Amendment in EIA Borrow Area Environmental for area notification 2006 with respect Clearance to be more than to mining of minor minerals taken by 50 Ha. including sand mining and Contractor if others opening of new SEIAA/SEA borrow area C – more than 5 Ha

DEAC/DEI AA:0-5 Ha of land 4. Opening of new Yes Prior MoEF&CC Quarry Area Environmental for area (including Clearance to be more than excavation of River taken by 50 Ha. bed) Contractor if need of mining activity SEIAA/SEA C – more than 5 Ha

DEAC/DEI AA:0-5 Ha of land 5. NGT Order ORIGINAL Construction of No No bridge are SEIAA/ APPLICATION NO. 137 OF standalone bridge proposed whose SEAC 2014; Pronounced on 12th with proposed built- built-up area equals February, 2015. up area more than or more than Consideration of standalone and equal to 1,50,000 sq.m bridges under 8(b) area 1,50,000 sq.m development project to the Schedule to 14th September 2006 EIA notificaton 6. Notification for use of Fly “No agency, person Yes Guru Hargobin MoEF&CC ash, 3rd November 2009 and or organization shall, Thermal Power / SPCB its amendment on 25th within a radius of Plant – 8.5 km January 2016 300 Kilometres of a thermal power plant Guru Nanak Dev undertake Thremal Power construction or plant Bathinda –

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S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency approve design for 25.9 km (aerial) construction of roads distance. or flyover embankments with top soils; the guidelines or specifications issued by the Indian Road Congress (IRC) as contained in IRC specification No. SP: 58 of 2001. The concerned agency or organization or production certificate of "fly ash not available” from the Thermal Power Plant(s) 7. The Air (Prevention and To control emission Yes CtE required for PSPCB Control of Pollution) Act, from operation of establishing and 1981 machinery and CtO is required to vehicles operation crushers, hot mix and batching plants etc. 8. The Water (Prevention and The water quality Yes CtE & CtO Punjab State Control of Pollution) Act, and effluent required for not Pollution 1974 standards, monitor polluting ground Control water quality, and surface water Board prosecute offenders, during construction (PSPCB) and issue licenses for construction / operation of certain facilities. 9. Noise Pollution (Regulation Standards for noise Yes Construction PSPCB And Control) Act, 1990, 2010 emission for various machineries and and its subsequent land uses vehicles to amendments. conform to the standards for construction 10. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, Protection of No No wildlife NBWL/ 1972 and amended thereof, wildlife protected protected area are SBWl area located within 10 km radius

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S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency 11. Forest (Conservation) Act, Approval for Yes 9 Ha of Protected Regional 1980 its subsequent diversion of forest forest declared office, amendments area affected by protected under Chandigarh proposed project PAPL -1900 need to be diverted for road construction 12. Ancient Monuments and To protect and No No ASI structure Archaeologi Archaeological sites & conserve cultural located within 100 cal Survey Remains Act 1958 and and historical meter (restricted of India, amended thereof, remains found zone) and 200 State Dept. meters (regulated of zone) from PROW. Archaeolog y 13. The Motor Vehicle Act. 1988 Empowers State Yes All vehicles used State Motor its subsequent amendments Transport Authority for construction Vehicles to enforce standards will need to Department for vehicular comply with the pollution. From provisions of this August 1997 the act "Pollution Under Control Certificate” is issued to reduce vehicular emissions 14. The Explosives Act (& Rules) Sets out the No Use of blasting Chief 1884 (1983) its subsequent regulations as to materials if Controller amendments. regards the use of required for new of explosives and quarrying Explosives precautionary operation and measures while storing of Diesel / blasting & quarrying Petrol in the camp site, to be obtained by the Contractor / Concessionaire 15. Hazardous and Other Wastes Protection against Yes Storage and use of Punjab State (Management, & Trans- improper handling bitumen and Pollution boundary Movement) Rules, and disposal of storage of waste oil Control 2016 and amended thereof hazardous wastes Board (PSPCB 16. Construction and Demolition Safe disposal of Yes Construction waste Punjab State Waste Management Rules, construction waste shall be generated Pollution 2016 and Solid Waste and municipal solid due to the Control Management Rules 2016 waste demolition of Board existing structures

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S.No Guideline/Act/Regulations/ Relevance to the Applic Reasons Implementi Rules project ability ng Agency & construction (PSPCB camps. 17. Mines & Minerals Permission of Yes Mining of sand, State (Regulation & Development) Mining of soil or aggregates Mining Act, 1957 & amended aggregates and sand shall require Department thereof, from river bed & permission from aggregates mining dept. 18. The Building & Other Employing Labour / Yes Employment of District Construction Workers workers labours. Provision labour (Regulation of Employment of Labor License Commission & Conditions of Service) er BOCW Act, 1996

10.7. EXISTING CARRIAGEWAY

The existing carriageway width along the corridor is two lane configurations.

10.8. PROPOSED RIGHT OF WAY

The proposed Right of Way is 60 meters uniform throughout the length.

10.9. PROJECT IMPROVEMENTS

10.10. TYPICAL CROSS SECTION

Typical cross section of the proposed project is given below:

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Figure 10-2: 6 lane Divided Carriageway without Paved Shoulder

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10.11. BASE LINE ENVIRONMENT

Data was collected from secondary sources for the macro-environmental setting like climate, physiography (Geology and slope), biological and socio-economic environment within Project Influence Area. Firsthand information has been collected to record the micro-environmental features within Corridor of Impact, CoI. Collection of first hand (Primary) information includes preparation of base maps, extrapolating environmental features on proposed road design, tree enumeration, location and measurement of socio- cultural features abutting project road.

10.11.1. Land Environment

Land use/Land Cover: The major land use/ land cover categories along the project road (1000 mts) are evident from Figure 4 1. A major part of the project corridor runs through productive agricultural land with crops - 95.27%, Built-up & Settlement – 4.16%, government land – 0.51% and forest area – 0.06%.

The land-use/ land cover distribution within 5 km of the proposed alignment witness presence of agricultural/ crop land – 94.99%, built-up area – 5.01%, Government Land – 0.47% and forest cover – 0.01%.

10.11.2. Physical Environment

Geology

The project districts area are occupied by Indo-Gangetic alluvium. In Ludhiana district there are no surface features worth to mention except that area is plain and major drains are Satluj and its tributaries and Budha nala.

Barnala district is part of Indo gangetic plain. The area is generally plain. The slope of the district is towards the south west direction. There is no well-defined drainage system in the area except some local drains like dhaula drain.

Temperature:

Temperature starts rising from middle of February and from about the beginning of March increase rapidly till June which is generally the hottest month. The mean daily maximums temperature during June is around 104F(40C) and the mean daily minimum is around 80.6F (27°C). The heat is intense in summer. On individual days, the day temperature may occasionally exceed 116F (47°C) or 118.4F(48°C). After October, both day and night temperatures decrease rapidly. January is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 68F (20°C) and the mean daily minimum at about 56.6F (7°C). In winter, particularly in January and February, cold waves in the wake of passing western disturbances affect the district and the minimum temperature occasionally drops down below the freezing point of water

Rainfall:

On an average, there are 27 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more) in a year in the district. This number varies from about 24 at Bathinda to about 30 at Ludhiana. The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours recorded in the district was 377.5 mm on 9 August 1976 at Barnala.

Draught:

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Punjab generally suffers drought due to inadequate rainfall during monsoon season. The State was experienced drought in 1978, 1979, 1985, 1987, 2002 and 2004, both in rural and urban areas. In 1987, a major drought was experienced in the State but in 2002, the intensity of the drought has made the situation much more acute and has broken the back of the farming community. The State Government declared all the 17 districts in the State as drought affected1.

Flooding Hazard:

The State of Punjab suffers mainly from two natural hazards, i.e. flood and earthquakes. In Punjab, damages due to floods are caused mainly by the river Ravi, Sutlej and Ghaggar, which have a common delta. As depicted in Figure 11-3, Sangrur district are vulnerable to flooding. The flood affected districts of Punjab as reported by IMD is shown in Figure below. The flood vulnerable regions are mainly close to river area especially in northern districts of Punjab.

Figure 10-3: Flood Prone Area of Punjab

Draught:

Punjab generally suffers drought due to inadequate rainfall during monsoon season. The State was experienced drought in 1978, 1979, 1985, 1987, 2002 and 2004, both in rural and urban areas. In 1987, a major drought was experienced in the State but in 2002, the intensity of the drought has made the situation

1 http://www.punenvis.nic.in/index1.aspx

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 10-16 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

much more acute and has broken the back of the farming community. The State Government declared all the 17 districts in the State as drought affected2.

Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the proposed alignment forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are industrial, traffic, urban and rural activities. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the road operation. The study area represents mostly rural environment. Seven Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations has been finalized and monitoring for PM10, Pm2.5, CO, NO2, and SO2 were conducted during Sep to Dec, 2020.

Result & Discussion: • The monitored PM-10 Values exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standard i.e 100µg/m³ at all monitored location. • The Monitored PM-2.5 values exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard i.e 60 µg/m³ at 5 locations out of 7 locations. • All the other parameters are within CPCB standard limits.

Conclusion: it can be concluded that the PM10 (at all seven locations) and PM2.5 (5 locations) monitored values exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standard within the study area due to Paddy Harvesting activities.

Ambient Noise Quality

To assess background noise levels in the study area, ambient noise monitoring was conducted at ten locations. The 24 hours continuous Day and Night time noise level is highlighted below. The maximum and minimum Leq.dB(A) Day is 53.64 and 49.67 respectively. The maximum and minimum Leq.dB(A) Night is 40.76 and minimum is 37.89

Result and Conclusion:

Based on monitoring result it has been concluded that, the Day and Night time noise level are within the permissible limits of residential area.

Ground water quality

Based on the ground water quality assessment for proposed five locations. It can be concluded from the monitored result that turbidity reported all the five location exceeds the permissible limit which is 1 NTU. The turbidity reported is between 2.52 to 4.5 NTU. The total dissolve solid at GW5 (Sadhana Village) exceed the permissible limit (500mg/l) which is 588mg/l. Total Hardness exceed the permissible limits (200mg/l) at three locations out of five selected locations. The monitored hardness level varies between 116 to 442mg/l.

The level of magnesium exceed the permissible limits (30mg/l) at location GW1 (48.11mg/l), GW4 (34.02mg/l) and GW5 (71.4mg/l). the level copper exceed the permissible limits (0.05mg/l) at GW1 (0.09mg/l). All over monitored parameters are within the permissible limits of IS: 10,500(2012).

2 http://www.punenvis.nic.in/index1.aspx

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 10-17 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Soil Quality Monitoring:

Five sampling locations were selected for soil monitoring. The result of soil analysis shows that the pH of soil for all monitoring location ranges between 5.23 to 5.49. The water holding capacity ranges between 12.7 to 15.88.

10.11.3. Biological Environment

The study area has been marked as 10 km radial distance from the proposed alignment. The study area around the project site mainly comprises of Agricultural habitat. The project area falls in Semi –Arid Zone as per the Biogeographic Classification and in 4A-Semi Arid Punjab Plain as per the Biotic Province map of India. As per the Champion and Seth’s Classification the forest type reported in the project district are Northern Dry mixed deciduous forest 5B/C 1 and Dry Deciduous Scrub Forests 5B/C2. The dominant species reported in these forest areas are Acacia Catechu, Acacia Nilotica, Acacia Leucophloea, Sissoo, Bombax ceiba, Emblica officinalis, Lannea grandis, Toona ciliate, Azadirachta indica, Cassia fistula, Anogeissus latifolia etc. The shrubs reported area Carissa opaca, Grewia optiva, Adhatoda vasica etc. Strip

Forest of Punjab:

All linear strips along major roads, canals, drains, and rail tracks were declared as protected forests by the State Government in 1958 and subsequently brought under the management of forest Department. The total forest area under strip amounts to 732.93 sq Km. The species planted under this strips are Eucalyptus, Kikar, Neem, Shisham, Khejri, Drek, Siris, and Maharukh, Jamun, Arjun, White Siris, Rajain,,etc. These strip forest attract the provisions of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and Cattle Trespass Act, 1871.

Forest Land Diversion:

The proposed project will involve diversion of 3.278 Ha. of forest land, which is off Protected Forest type located along existing road, canal, railways line, etc. The table below gives the details of forest area distribution

Wildlife Protected area: No wildlife protected area within 10 km radius of the proposed project.

Biodiversity in the Study Area:

The study area comprises of Agrarian Eco –System. About 47% of the state is under agricultural practices. The state is known to harbor great variety of genetic variability. The area under wheat cultivation has increased from 69% in 1970-71 to 100% in 2000-01 and remained the same thereafter. Similarly, area under rice comprised 33% of total area under rice in 1970-71. It increased to 100% in 2005. This has resulted in the loss of desecrated floral biodiversity of the state. The increase in area under paddy has led to decline in area under other major kharif crops like maize, bajra, jowar, sugarcane, groundnut, pulses, etc. The increase in wheat cultivation has been at the expense of cutting down the area under other rabi season crops especially gram, barley, rapeseed, mustard and sunflower. Area under total pulses and oilseeds has reduced sharply. This includes many leguminous crops like groundnut, legume and guar.

The Agrarian practice of the district mainly comprises of cultivation of Wheat, Rabi Oil Seed, Rabi Pulses cotton, paddy Kharif Pulses. Vegetables farming are done at local level by individual or sold in local market.

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Photographs showing Agricultural Practices in Project Area

Flora of the Project Area

The Flora reported along the proposed alignment are mainly planted species done by the local farmers for personal or for commercial usage. The naturally growing species are limited to scrub land or along the natural streams where farming practices are absent. The common species of flora reported are as follows:

Flora:

The dominant trees in the region are Azadirachta indical, Dalbergia sisoo (Sheesham), Terminalia belarica (behada), Populus trichocarpa, Syzygium cumini (Jamun), Euclayptus sp., Albizia lebbeck (siris), Acacia catechu (khair), Shorea robusta (Sal, Shakhu), Madhua longifolia (mahua), Butea monosperma (Dhak,palash), Ficus religiosa (Peepal), Ficus semicordata (khainu), Ficus bengalensis (Bargad), Terminalia alata (Asna, Asain), Oroxylum indicum, Holoptelia intgrifolia (Dhamina) Ziziphus mauritiana (Bair), Cassia fistula (Amaltash), Pongamia pinnata (Karanj), Sterculia, Aegle marmelos, Anthocephalus kadamba, , Callistemon viminalis, Cedrella toona, Delonix regia, Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus, Morus alba, etc. at places, successful plantation of Tectona grandis (teak), Popular sp. and Euclayptus sp. has been reported.

The dominant shrub in the area are Acacia sp,, Murraya koenigii (gandella kathneem), Holarrhena pubescens (Kachari), Lantana camara (Kuri), Zizyphus marutiana (Ber), Zizyphus oenoplia (Makoi), Colebrookea oppositifolia (Chavova, binda), Carrisa opaca, Glycosmis arborea (Gutaharu), Ardisia solanacea (Jalkaima), Grevia hirsuta (Seetachabeni), Grevia subenaequalis (Pharsa), Crotolaria juncea

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 10-19 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

(Bansai), Adathoda vasica (Bansa, Adusa), Jetropha gossypifolia (Lal arand), Xynthoxylum armatum (Timur), Rubus Ellipticus (Hisalu), Berberis lycium (Kingor) etc.

The most common herb including grasses and sedges, from the ground flora of the forest as well as the grassland amidst forest. some of them are Cannabis sativa (Bhang), Ocimum basciliicum (bantulasi), Cassia tora (Chakwar), Lerodendron viscosum (bhant), Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava), Echinops echinatus, Malvastrum coromendilianum (Bariari), Vernonea cineria (Sahdevi), Achyranthus aspera, Argimone maxicana (Bharbhanda), Solanum surratens (Bhatkataiya), Tribulus terrestris (Gokharu), Saccharum spontaneum (kans), Desmostychya bipinnata (kush), Adiantum incisum etc

Fauna:

The study area is dominated by agricultural fields with very scattered plantation. During the survey domestic animals like cow, buffaloes, and goat were observed. However, the public consultation revealed the presence of fox, hare, macaque, and langur. The agriculture fields in the study area provide an ideal habitat for many snakes and reptiles. Reptiles such as cobra, and python were found occasionally in the dense vegetation areas as per-narrated by local people. The common Butterflies found in the study area are Danaus chrysippus, Tirumala limniace, Catopsilia Pomona etc.

The standing agricultural crops in the study area do supports a variety of bird species mainly those feed on grains. Species of birds such as saras crane, blue rock pigeon, house sparrow, dove, myna, parakeet, bulbul, swift and crows were seen in the area. Agricultural activities like ploughing and digging expose the underlying insects and earthworms which attract bird species such as cattle egret, drongo and bee-eater. Stagnant water and exposed mud in the agricultural field for rice cultivation also attracts many bird species. Pond heron, cormorant and avocet were seen in these fields. Along the water bodies like rivers and streams varied types of birds such as white breasted kingfisher, pond herons, pied kingfisher, cormorants and jacanas were observed. All these birds feed mainly on fishes.

Reptiles and Amphibians:

Standing crops and storage of food grains attract mouse, squirrels and many insect species which ultimately promotes many reptiles and amphibians, snakes such as python, cobra, rat snake, Russell’s viper and lizards such as monitor lizard, garden lizard are the common reptiles, known to live in the area. Amphibian like Indian toad and common frog were observed from the study area.

Aquatic Habitat:

One Minor rivers are reported along the PROW. The other water bodies reported within the PROW area seasonal Drains, Natural Stream, Minor and Major Canal, etc. During the primary survey of these water bodies, a well-established riparian habitat was reported. Diverse species of trees were reported, which were planted by the forest department.

The most common species reported in the riparian habitat are Acacia sp, followed by Eucalyptus sp, Zizyphus marutiana (Ber), Zizyphus oenoplia (Makoi), etc.The hydrophytes reported in these water bodies are Limnophila, Eichhornia crassipes, Eleocharis dulcis, Typha latifolia, water lily, Potamogeton natans, Lenma, Cyperus carex, Scirprus, etc

10.11.4. Potential Impact

Table 10-4: below presents the general environmental impacts expected due to the proposed upgradation of the project road. Impacts have been assessed based on the first hand information collected from the screening & scoping of environmental attributes. The quanta of all the impacts on Natural Environment are analyzed in detail.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 10-20 Development of Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul

Table 10-4: General Impacts on Natural Environment Indirect Planning effects of Project and De- Road Opera- Pre-construction Phase Construction Phase operation or Activity sign tion Induced de- Phase velopment Env. Land ac- Removal of Removal of trees Earth works Laying of Vehicle & Asphalt & Sanitation Vehicle opera- com- quisition Structures and vegetation including pavement Machine op- crusher & Waste tion ponent quarrying eration & plants (labour Affected maintenance campus) Air Dust gen- Reduced Dust Asphalt Noise, dust, Noise, soot, Odour / Noise, dust, other eration buffering of air generation odour pollution odour, dust, smoke pollution pollution during dis- and noise pollution mantling pollution, Hotter, drier microclimate Land Loss of Generation Erosion and loss Erosion and Contamina- Contamina- Contami- Spill from ac- Change in produc- of debris of top soil loss of top tion by fuel tion Com- nation cidents Depo- cropping tive Land soil and lubricants paction of from sition of lead pattern Compaction soil wastes Water Loss of Siltation due Siltation due to Alteration of Reduction Contamina- Contamina- Contami- Spill Increased water to loose loose earth drainage of ground tion by fuel tion by as- nation Contami- con- sources earth Break in water re- and lubricants phalt leakage from nation by fuel, tamination of continuity of charge area or fuel wastes lubricants and ground water ditches Overuse washing of Siltation, vehicles Stagnant water pools in quarries. Noise Noise Pol- Noise Pollution Noise Noise pollu- Noise Pollu- Noise Pollu- Noise lution due to Pollution tion tion tion pollution machinery Flora Loss of Lowered Removal of Lower pro- Felling Impact of Biomass productivity vegetation ductivity trees for pollution on Loss of Use as fuel fuel vegetation ground for wood Lowered pro- vegetation ductivity Toxicity of vegetation. Fauna Disturbance Disturbance Disturbance Disturbance Poaching Collision with Distorted Habitat loss traffic habitat

10.11.5. Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) deals with the implementation procedure of the guidelines and measures recommended to avoid, minimize and mitigate environmental impacts of the project. It also includes management of measures suggested for enhancement of the environmental quality along the highways. The institutional arrangement made under project will look into the implementation of project as well as EMP and the various legal settings applicable to the project.

The avoidance, mitigation & enhancement measures for protection of the environment along highways have been discussed in detail in Chapter 9. Although the social environmental impacts, its mitigation and management is an essential component of the EMP, this chapter excludes it for the purpose of clarity and procedural requirements. Social environmental elements have been separately dealt in separate volume namely, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP).

10.11.6. Environmental Monitoring Plan

The environmental monitoring plan for the project for the individual infrastructure components is presented in Chapter 6. The proposed monitoring of all relevant environmental parameters, with a description of the sampling stations, frequency of monitoring, applicable standards and responsible agencies are presented.

10.11.7. Cost Estimates for Environmental Management

Mitigation measures proposed in the EMP will be implemented by the Contractor. The works to be undertaken by the Contractor have been quantified and the quantities included in the respective BOQ items such as earth works, slope protection, noise barriers, road safety features, and shrub plantation. Provisional quantities have also been included for additional measures that may be identified during construction and for silt fencing which will depend on the contractors work methods and site locations.

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Items and quantities have also been included for enhancement measures. More general environmental management measures to be followed by the contractor have been included in the specifications and this EMP. These cannot be quantified and are to be included in the contract rates. A total of Rs 14.57 Crore has been allocated for the Environmental Management Plan Implementation.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page | 10-22

ANNEXURE CHAPTER-1 File No. 10-63/2020-IA.III [Proposal No. IA/PB/NCP/177976/2020] Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Impact Assessment Division)

Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jor Bagh Road, Aliganj New Delhi - 110 003

Dated: 20th November, 2020

To The Geneeral Manager National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) G-5 & 6, Sector-10, Dwarka, New DElhi-110 075

Subject: Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway (chainage 251+800 of NE-5) near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at (proposed chainage 94+500) Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana by M/s National Highways Authority of India (Total Length 78 Km) - Terms of Reference. Sir, This has reference to your online proposal submitted to this Ministry on 8th October 2020, seeking Terms of Reference (TOR) for the aforementioned project as per the provisions of the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006 and subsequent amendments under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

2. The above mentioned proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) for Infrastructure, CRZ and other miscellaneous projects in its 246th meeting on 20th - 21th October, 2020, in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi.

3. The project proponent along with the EIA consultant M/s Amaltas Enviro Industrial Consultants LLP made a presentation through video conferencing and provided the following information before the Committee: (i) The proposed highway is a fully Greenfield Highway, and is related to development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway (chainage 251+800 of NE-5) near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at (proposed chainage 94+500) Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana by M/s National Highways Authority of India (Total Length 78 Km). The project is a part of interlinked (Ludhiana — Bathinda: 80 km; Ludhiana — Rupnagar: 110 km) project. (ii) The total length of the proposed project is 78 km. Terrain of the proposed alignment is plain (flat) land and is predominantly an agricultural land. (iii) Total Land acquisition for the proposed project is — 463 ha. The proposed Right of Way is 60 meters. About 2289 trees will be removed in the forest and non-forest area. There

Page 1 of 8 is no protected area within 10 km boundary of the PROW. The land will be acquired as per Land Acquisition Act, 2013, which is the amendment of Land Acquisition Act 1956. The Proposed project will involve diversion of approximately 10 ha of protected forest land declared under the Punjab Land Preservation (Chos) Act, 1900. (iv) Total Project Cost is Rs. 18169 Lakhs (1816.9 Cr.) as civil cost. The extant proposal falls under 7(f), Category-A under EIA Notification, 2006. (v) The water requirement for construction works will be about 895,000 KLD (Source: Canal water/Surface water). The water requirement for the camp site will be about 75.6 KLD (will be met through private water takers augmented with ground water extraction- approvals from SGWB). In the operation phase the water requirement will be about 4.5 KLD. No ground water will be extracted. However, these quantities likely to be taken from ground water after obtaining necessary permissions/approval from the competent authority (vi) The proposed project will improve connectivity in the State of Punjab. About 500 people during construction phase and about 100 peoples during operation phase at toll plaza and for road surveillance and maintenance work. Development and improvement in transportation infrastructure facility will connect villages with the nearby cities. Better approach to Medical & Educational services and quick transportation of perishable goods like fruits, vegetables and dairy products. Development of tourism and pilgrimage. Transporting, processing and marketing of agricultural products. Fast and safe connectivity resulting in savings in fuel, travel time and total transportation cost to the society. Reduction in pollution due to reduction in congestion. Indirect and direct employment opportunity to people from all skilled, semiskilled and unskilled streams will act as social benefits. It is assumed that the overall Bharatmala project will boost socio-economic development in the entire central region of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan & Punjab. It will also save fuel consumption decreasing pollutant emission in environment. 4. Based on the deliberations in the meeting and information provided by the proponent in support of the project, the EAC recommended for grant of TOR. As per the recommendation of the EAC, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change hereby accords TOR for "Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda Greenfield Highway, starting from Delhi-Katra Expressway (chainage 251+800 of NE-5) near Ludhiana (village Ballowal) and terminating at (proposed chainage 94+500) Amritsar-Bhatinda Greenfield highway at Bhatinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana-Ajmer Economic Corridor in the State of Punjab under Bharatmala Pariyojana by M/s National Highways Authority of India (Total Length 78 Km), and for preparation of EIA/EMP report with public consultations subject to compliance of all conditions as notified in the standard ToR applicable for highways and specific conditions, as mentioned below-

SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

i. A buffer of 40 m from the edge of the ROW of Canal shall be maintained wherever the alignment is coming in proximity of the canal. ii. The number of canal crossings shall be reduced so as to avoid the forest land. iii. The proponent, with the help of an independent institution/expert of national repute, shall carry out the impact of proposed alignment on avifauna, associated biodiversity and wetland ecology including ecological productivity of the important lakes/waterbodies situated within 10 km distance of proposed alignment and prepare a detailed Conservation Plan along with adequate mitigation measures. The plan shall be duly

Page 2 of 8 prepared in consultation with respective Forest/Wildlife Departments of the Governments of Punjab and J&K. iv. The proponent, with the help of an independent institution/expert of national repute, shall carry out a comprehensive socio-economic assessment and also Impact on Biodiversity with emphasis on impact of ongoing land acquisition on the local people living around the proposed alignment. The Social Impact Assessment should have social indicators which can reflect on impact of acquisition on fertile land. The Social Impact Assessment shall take into consideration of key parameters like people's dependency on fertile agricultural land, socio-economic spectrum, impact of the project at local and regional levels. v. The proponent, with the help of an independent institute/expert of national repute, shall carry out a detailed traffic study to assess inflow of traffic from adjoining areas like airport/urban cities. The detailed traffic planning studies shall include complete design, drawings and traffic circulation plans (taking into consideration integration with proposed alignment and other state roads etc.). Wherever required adequate connectivity in terms of VUP (vehicle underpass)/ PUP (Pedestrian underpass) needs to be included. vi. Road safety audit (along with accident/black spots analysis) by any third-party competent organization at all stages namely at detailed design stage, construction stage and pre- opening stage to ensure that the project road has been constructed considering all the elements of road safety. vii. Cumulative impact assessment study to be carried out along the entire stretch including the other packages in the same stretch. viii. Rain water harvesting structures to be constructed at the either sides of the road with special precaution of oil filters and de-silting chambers. ix. Provide compilation of road kill data on existing roads (national and state highways) in the vicinity of the proposed project. Provide measures to avoid road kills of wildlife by the way of road kill management plan. x. The alignment of road should be such that the cutting of trees is kept at bare minimum and for this the proponent shall obtain permission from the competent authorities. xi. A comprehensive plan for plantation of three rows of native species, as per IRC guidelines, shall be provided. Such plantation alongside of forest stretch will be over and above the compensatory afforestation. Tree species should be same as per the forest type. xii. As per the Ministry's Office Memorandum F. No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 30th September, 2020, the project proponent, based on the commitments made during the public hearing, shall include all the activities required to be taken to fulfill these commitments in the Environment Management Plan along with cost estimates of these activities, in addition to the activities proposed as per recommendations of EIA Studiesand the same shall be submitted to the ministry as part of the EIA Report. The EMP shall be implemented at the project cost or any other funding source available with the project proponent. xiii. In pursuance of Ministry's OM No stated above the project proponent shall add one annexure in the EIA Report indicating all the commitments made by the PP to the public during public hearing and submit it to the Ministry and the EAC. xiv. The PP shall not use groundwater/surface water without obtaining approval from CGWA/SGWA as the case may be. The project proponent shall apply to the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA)/State Ground Water Authority (SGWA)/Competent Authority, as the case may be, for obtaining No Objection Certificate (NOC), for withdrawal of ground water. xv. The Action Plan on the compliance of the recommendations of the CAG as per Ministry's Circular No. J-11013/71/2016-IA.1 (M), dated 25th October, 2017 needs to be submitted at the time of appraisal of the project and included in the EIA/EMP Report.

Page 3 of 8 GENERAL CONDITIONS (i) A brief description of the project, project name, nature, size, its importance to the region/state and the country shall be submitted. (ii) In case the project involves diversion of forests land, guidelines under OM dated 20.03.2013 shall be followed and necessary action be taken accordingly. (iii) Details of any litigation(s) pending against the project and/or any directions or orders passed by any court of law/any statutory authority against the project to be detailed out. (iv) Detailed alignment plan, with details such as nature of terrain (plain, rolling, hilly), land use pattern, habitation, cropping pattern, forest area, environmentally sensitive areas, mangroves, notified industrial areas, sand dunes, sea, rivers, lakes, details of villages, tehsils, districts and states, latitude and longitude for important locations falling on the alignment by employing remote sensing techniques followed by "ground truthing" and also through secondary data sources shall be submitted. (v) Describe various alternatives considered, procedures and criteria adopted for selection of the final alternative with reasons. (vi) Land use map of the study area to a scale of 1: 25,000 based on recent satellite imagery delineating the crop lands (both single and double crop), agricultural plantations, fallow lands, waste lands, water bodies, built-up areas, forest area and other surface features such as railway tracks, ports, airports, roads, and major industries etc. alongwith detailed ground survey map on 1:2000 scale showing the existing features falling within the right of way namely trees, structures including archaeological & religious, monuments etc. if any, shall be submitted. (vii) If the proposed route is passing through any hilly area, the measures for ensuring stability of slopes and proposed measures to control soil erosion from embankment shall be examined and submitted. (viii) If the proposed route involves tunneling, the details of the tunnel and locations of tunneling with geological structural fraction should be provided. In case the road passes through a flood plain of a river, the details of micro-drainage, flood passages and information on flood periodicity at least of the last 50 years in the area shall be examined and submitted. (ix) If the project is passing through/located within the notified ecologically sensitive zone (ESZ) around a notified National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary or in the absence of notified ESZ, within 10 km from the boundary of notified National Park/Wildlife Sanctuary, the project proponent may simultaneously apply for the clearance for the standing committee of NBWL. The EC for such project would be subject to obtaining the clearance from the standing committee of NBWL. (x) Study regarding the animal bypasses/underpasses etc. across the habitation areas shall be carried out. Adequate cattle passes for the movement of agriculture material shall be provided at the stretches passing through habitation areas. Underpasses shall be provided for the movement of Wild animals. (xi) Study regarding in line with the recent guidelines prepared by Wildlife Institute of India for linear infrastructure with strong emphasis on animal movement and identifying crossing areas and mitigation measures to avoid wildlife mortality. (xii) The information shall be provided about the details of the trees to be cut including their species and whether it also involves any protected or endangered species. Measures taken to reduce the number of the trees to be removed should be explained in detail. The details of compensatory plantation shall be submitted. The possibilities of relocating the existing trees shall be explored. (xiii) Necessary green belt shall be provided on both sides of the highway with proper central verge and cost provision should be made for regular maintenance.

Page 4 of 8 (xiv) If the proposed route is passing through a city or town, with houses and human habitation on either side of the road, the necessity for provision of bypasses/diversions/under passes shall be examined and submitted. The proposal should also indicate the location of wayside amenities, which should include petrol stations/service centres, rest areas including public conveyance, etc. (xv) Details about measures taken for the pedestrian safety and construction of underpasses and foot-over bridges along with flyovers and interchanges shall be submitted. (xvi) The possibility that the proposed project will adversely affect road traffic in the surrounding areas (e.g. by causing increases in traffic congestion and traffic accidents) shall be addressed. (xvii) The details of use of fly ash in the road construction, if the project road is located within the 100 km from the Thermal Power Plant shall be examined and submitted. (xviii) The possibilities of utilizing debris/waste materials available in and around the project area shall be explored. (xix) The details on compliance with respect to Research Track Notification of Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways shall be submitted. (xx) The details of sand quarry and borrow area as per OM No.2-30/2012-IA-III dated 18.12.2012 on 'Rationalization of procedure for Environmental Clearance for Highway Projects involving borrow areas for soil and earth" as modified vide OM of even No. dated March 19, 2013, shall be examined and submitted. (xxi) Climate and meteorology (max and min temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, frequency of tropical cyclones and snow fall); the nearest IMD meteorological station from which climatological data have been obtained to be indicated. (xxii) The air quality monitoring shall be carried out as per the notification issued on 16th November, 2009. Input data used for Noise and Air quality modelling shall be clearly delineated. (xxiii) The project activities during construction and operation phases, which will affect the noise levels and the potential for increased noise resulting from this project, shall be identified. Discuss the effect of noise levels on nearby habitations during the construction and operational phases of the proposed highway. Identify noise reduction measures and traffic management strategies to be deployed for reducing the negative impact if any. Prediction of noise levels shall be done by using mathematical modelling at different representative locations. (xxiv) The impact during construction activities due to generation of fugitive dust from crusher units, air emissions from hot mix plants and vehicles used for transportation of materials and prediction of impact on ambient air quality using appropriate mathematical model, description of model, input requirement and reference of derivation, distribution of major pollutants and presentation in tabular form for easy interpretation shall be examined and carried out. (xxv) The details about the protection to existing habitations from dust, noise, odour etc. during construction stage shall be examined and submitted. (xxvi) If the proposed route involves cutting of earth, the details of area to be cut, depth of cut, locations, soil type, volume and quantity of earth and other materials to be removed with location of disposal/ dump sites along with necessary permission. (xxvii) If the proposed route is passing through low lying areas, details of filling materials and initial and final levels after filling above MSL shall be examined and submitted. (xxviii) The water bodies including the seasonal ones within the corridor of impacts along with their status, volumetric capacity, quality and likely impacts on them due to the project along with the mitigation measures shall be examined and submitted. (xxix) The details of water quantity required and source of water including water requirement during the construction stage with supporting data and also classification of ground water based on the CGWA classification, shall be examined and submitted.

Page 5 of 8 (xxx) The details of measures taken during constructions of bridges across rivers/ canals/major or minor drains keeping in view the flooding of the rivers and the life span of the existing bridges shall be examined and submitted. Provision of speed breakers, safety signals, service lanes and foot paths shall be examined at appropriate locations throughout the proposed road to avoid accidents. (xxxi) If there will be any change in the drainage pattern after the proposed activity, details of changes shall be examined and submitted. (xxxii) Rain water harvesting pit shall be at least 3 - 5 m above the highest ground water table. Provisions shall be made for oil and grease removal from surface runoff. (xxxiii) If there is a possibility that the construction/widening of road may cause an impact such as destruction of forest, poaching or reduction in wetland areas, examine the impact and submit details. (xxxiv) The details of road safety, signage, service roads, vehicular under passes, accident prone zones and the mitigation measures, shall be submitted. (xxxv) IRC guidelines shall be followed for widening & upgradation of roads. (xxxvi) The details of social impact assessment due to the proposed construction of the road, shall be submitted. (xxxvii) Examine the road design standards, safety equipment specifications and Management System training to ensure that design details take account of safety concerns and submit the traffic management plan. (xxxviii)Accident data and geographic distribution shall be reviewed and analyzed to predict and identify trends - in case of expansion of the existing highway and provide Post accident emergency assistance and medical care to accident victims. (xxxix) If the proposed project involves any land reclamation, details shall be provided of the activity for which land is to be reclaimed and the area of land to be reclaimed. (xl) Details of the properties, houses, business activities etc likely to be effected by land acquisition and an estimation of their financial losses, shall be submitted. (xli) Detailed R&R plan with data on the existing socio-economic status of the population in the study area and broad plan for resettlement of the displaced population, site for the resettlement colony, alternative livelihood concerns/employment and rehabilitation of the displaced people, civil and housing amenities being offered, etc and the schedule of the implementation of the specific project, shall be submitted. (xlii) The environment management and monitoring plan for construction and operation phases of the project shall be submitted. A copy of your corporate policy on environment management and sustainable development shall also be submitted. (xliii) Estimated cost of the project including that of environment management plan (both capital and recurring) and source of funding. Also, the mode of execution of the project, viz, EPC, BOT, etc, shall be submitted. (xliv) A copy of your CSR policy and plan for meeting the expenditure to address the issues raised during Public Hearing, shall be submitted. (xlv) Details of blasting if any, methodology/technique adopted, applicable regulations/permissions, timing of blasting, mitigation measures proposed keeping in view mating season of wildlife. (xlvi) In case of river/creek crossing, details of the proposed bridges connecting on either banks, the design and traffic circulation at this junction with simulation studies. (xlvii) Details to ensure free flow of water in case the alignment passes through water bodies/river/streams etc. (xlviii) In case of bye passes, the details of access control from the nearby habitation/habitation which may come up after the establishment of road. (xlix) Bridge design in eco sensitive area /mountains be examined keeping in view the rock classification hydrology etc.

Page 6 of 8 (1) Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the Project should be given. (1i) The cost of the Project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards implementation of EMP should be clearly spelt out. (lii) In case of alignment passing through coastal zones: a. HTL/LTL map prepared by authorized agencies superimposed with alignment and recommendation of Coastal Zone Management Authority. b. Details of CRZ-I (I) areas, mangroves required to be removed for the project along with the compensatory afforestation, area and location with budget. c. Details of road on stilt in CRZ-I areas, design details to ensure free tidal flow. d. Details of Labour camps, machinery location. (liii) Any further clarification on carrying out the above studies including anticipated impacts due to the project and mitigative measure, project proponent can refer to the model ToR available on Ministry website "http://moefinic.in/Manual/Highways".

GENERAL GUIDELINES (1) The EIA document shall be printed on both sides, as for as possible. (ii) All documents should be properly indexed, page numbered. (iii) Period/date of data collection should be clearly indicated. (iv) Authenticated English translation of all material provided in Regional languages. (v) The letter/application for EC should quote the MoEF&CC File No. and also attach a copy of the letter prescribing the TOR. (vi) The copy of the letter received from the Ministry on the TOR prescribed for the project should be attached as an annexure to the final EIA-EMP Report. (vii) The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry must incorporate the issues in TOR and that raised in Public Hearing. The index of the final EIA-EMP report, must indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report where the specific TOR prescribed by Ministry and the issue raised in the P.H. have been incorporated. Questionnaire related to the project (posted on MoEF&CC website) with all sections duly filled in shall also be submitted at the time of applying for EC. (viii) Grant of TOR does not mean grant of EC. (ix) Grant of TOR/EC to the present project does not mean grant of approvals in other regulations such as the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 or the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. (x) Grant of EC is also subject to Circulars and Office Memorandum issued under the EIA Notification 2006 and subsequent amendments, which are available on the MoEF&CC website: www.envfor.nic.in. (xi) The status of accreditation of the EIA consultant with NABET/QCI shall be specifically mentioned. The consultant shall certify that his accreditation is for the sector for which this EIA is prepared. (xii) On the front page of EIA/EMP reports, the name of the consultant/consultancy firm along with their complete details including their accreditation, if any shall be indicated. The consultant while submitting the EIA/EMP report shall give an undertaking to the effect that the prescribed TOR (TOR proposed by the project proponent and additional TOR given by the MoEF) have been complied with and the data submitted is factually correct (Refer MoEF office memorandum dated 4th August, 2009). (xiii) While submitting the EIAIEMP reports, the name of the experts associated with/involved in the preparation of these reports and the laboratories through which the samples have been got analysed should be stated in the report. It shall clearly be indicated whether these laboratories are approved under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules made there under (Please refer MoEF office memorandum

Page 7 of 8 dated 4th August, 2009). The project Coordinator of the EIA study shall also be mentioned. (xiv) All the TOR points as presented before EAC shall be covered.

5. A detailed draft EIA/EMP report shall be prepared in terms of the above additional TOR and should be submitted to the State Pollution Control Board for Public Hearing. Public Hearing to be conducted for the project in accordance with the provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by the public should be addressed in the Environmental Management Plan. The Public Hearing shall be conducted based on the TOR letter issued by the Ministry and not on the basis of Minutes of the Meeting available on the website.

6. The project proponent shall submit the detailed final EIA/EMP report prepared as per TOR including issues raised during Public Hearing to the Ministry for considering the proposal for environmental clearance before expiry of validity of TOR.

7. The consultants involved in preparation of EIA/EMP report after accreditation with Quality Council of India/National Accreditation Board of Education and Training (QCl/NABET) would need to include a certificate in this regard in the EIA/EMP reports prepared by them and data provided by other Organization(s)/Laboratories including their status of approvals etc. vide notification of the MoEF dated 19th July, 2013.

8. The prescribed TOR would be valid for a period of four years for submission of the EIA/EMP Reports.

9. This issues with the approval of Competent Authority.

(Ama s eep aju) Scient t '1E'

Copy to: 1. The Member Secretary, Member Secretary, Punjab Pollution Control Board Vatavaran Bhawan, Nabha Road, Patiala, 147001, Punjab.

Raju) Scie ist 'E'

Page 8 of 8

ANNEXURE CHAPTER-2 Annexure 2-1: Drawings for Major Interchange. Type design (Interchange at Km 5+512)

Type design (Interchange at Km 20+800)

Type design (Interchange at Km 29+600)

Type design (Interchange at Km 52+240)

Type design (Interchange at Km 62+137)

Type design (Interchange at Km 75+543)

MINOR BRIDGE TO LUDHIANA A1 A2 TO BHATINDA

'1'

LONGITUDINAL ELEVATION

TYPICAL DETAIL OF SLOPE PITCHING

A1 A2

A

HALF BOTTOM PLAN HALF TOP PLAN PLAN A

STATUS :- CLIENT:- CONSULTANTS:- PROJECT:- TITLE: DWG NO.: - URS-60542289-BL-MNB-GAD-40+040 (SHEET 1 0F 2) FINAL FEASIBILITY REPORT URS Scott Wilson India Pvt. Ltd. In Association with PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT AECOM India Private limited GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING DATE:- MARCH, 2021 PAPER :- A2 (PACKAGE-II) 19th Floor, Tower C Building No.-5, Cyber Terraces DLF Cyber City- Phase-III FOR GREENFEILD ALIGNMENT BETWEEN Gurgaon-122002,Haryana,India FOR MINOR BRIDGE PURPOSE :- © AECOM India Pvt. Ltd. 2014 LUDHIANA AND BATHINDA IN THE STATE OF (1x40m) AT CH. 40+040 DRAWN (A) DESIGN (B) CHECKED (C) APPROVED (D) The information contained in this document produced by AECOM is solely for the use of the Client R0 MARCH, 2021 INITIAL SUBMISSION NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and AECOM undertakes no PUNJAB PKG-II NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. INDIA (NHAI) All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, SCALE : - AS SHOWN reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of AECOM. AB PK SR MSR NOTES:-

SECTION A-A

A1

TYPICAL DETAIL OF RETAINING/MEDIAN WALL DETAIL-'1'

MID SECTION SUPPORT SECTION CROSS SECTION OF PSC PRECAST I-GIRDER

STATUS :- CLIENT:- CONSULTANTS:- PROJECT:- TITLE: DWG NO.: - URS-60542289-BL-MNB-GAD-40+040 (SHEET 2 0F 2) FINAL FEASIBILITY REPORT URS Scott Wilson India Pvt. Ltd. In Association with PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT AECOM India Private limited GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING DATE:- MARCH, 2021 PAPER :- A2 (PACKAGE-II) 19th Floor, Tower C Building No.-5, Cyber Terraces DLF Cyber City- Phase-III FOR GREENFEILD ALIGNMENT BETWEEN Gurgaon-122002,Haryana,India FOR MINOR BRIDGE PURPOSE :- © AECOM India Pvt. Ltd. 2014 LUDHIANA AND BATHINDA IN THE STATE OF (1x40m) AT CH. 40+040 DRAWN (A) DESIGN (B) CHECKED (C) APPROVED (D) The information contained in this document produced by AECOM is solely for the use of the Client R0 MARCH, 2021 INITIAL SUBMISSION NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and AECOM undertakes no PUNJAB PKG-II NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. INDIA (NHAI) All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, SCALE : - reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of AECOM. AS SHOWN AB PK SR MSR BOX CULVERT NOTES:-

'C'

U/S D/S

'A' SECTION A-A

C B

U/S D D/S

A A LEGEND:-

D

C B P L A N

STATUS :- CLIENT:- CONSULTANTS:- PROJECT:- TITLE: DWG NO.: - URS-60542289-BL-BC-TYP (SHEET 1 0F 3) FINAL FEASIBILITY REPORT URS Scott Wilson India Pvt. Ltd. In Association with PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT TYPICAL GENERAL AECOM India Private limited DATE:- MARCH, 2021 PAPER :- A2 (PACKAGE-II) 19th Floor, Tower C Building No.-5, Cyber Terraces DLF Cyber City- Phase-III FOR GREENFEILD ALIGNMENT BETWEEN ARRANGEMENT DRAWING Gurgaon-122002,Haryana,India PURPOSE :- OF SINGLE CELL BOX CULVERT © AECOM India Pvt. Ltd. 2014 LUDHIANA AND BATHINDA IN THE STATE OF DRAWN (A) DESIGN (B) CHECKED (C) APPROVED (D) The information contained in this document produced by AECOM is solely for the use of the Client PKG-II R0 MARCH, 2021 INITIAL SUBMISSION NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and AECOM undertakes no PUNJAB NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. INDIA (NHAI) All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, SCALE : - AS SHOWN reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of AECOM. AB PK SR MSR PIPE CULVERT U/S D/S

BED LEVEL BED LEVEL

SECTION A-A

B C

U/S A A D/S

PLAN B C

NOTES:

BEDDING DIMENSIONS LEGENDS

DETAIL Z COLLAR JOINT DETAIL OF HEAD WALL

STATUS :- CLIENT:- TITLE: CONSULTANTS:- PROJECT:- DWG NO.: - URS-60542289-BL-PC-TYP-GAD-01

FINAL FEASIBILITY REPORT URS Scott Wilson India Pvt. Ltd. In Association with PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT AECOM India Private limited DATE:- MARCH, 2021 PAPER :- A2 (PACKAGE-II) 19th Floor, Tower C Building No.-5, Cyber Terraces DLF Cyber City- Phase-III FOR GREENFEILD ALIGNMENT BETWEEN TYPICAL GENERAL ARRANGEMENT Gurgaon-122002,Haryana,India PURPOSE :- DRAWING FOR PIPE CULVERT © AECOM India Pvt. Ltd. 2014 LUDHIANA AND BATHINDA IN THE STATE OF DRAWN (A) DESIGN (B) CHECKED (C) APPROVED (D) The information contained in this document produced by AECOM is solely for the use of the Client (SIZE - 1 x 1.2) R0 MARCH, 2021 INITIAL SUBMISSION NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and AECOM undertakes no PUNJAB NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. PKG-I INDIA (NHAI) All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, SCALE : - reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of AECOM. AS SHOWN AB PK SR MSR

Size Design Type of Type Of S.No Chainage Crossing Culvert No x Width (m) x Height (m) Earthen 1 0+600 RCC Box RCC 2X3 Track 2 0+685 Drain Pipe 1X1.2 Balancing 3 0+949 CD 1X1.2 Culvert (Pipe) 4 1+712 CD Pipe 1X1.2 5 3+020 Drain Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen 6 3+309 RCC Box 3x3 Track 7 4+539 Drain RCC Box 2x3 Earthen 8 6+507 Track cum RCC Box 4x3 Drain 9 7+043 Drain Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen 10 7+322 Track cum RCC Box 4x3 Drain 11 8+192 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 12 8+350 Irrigation RCC Box 2X2 Earthen 13 8+874 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 14 9+250 RCC Box 3x3 Track 15 9+463 Drain Box 3x3 16 10+732 Drain RCC Box 2x3 17 10+854 Drain Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen 18 11+635 Track cum RCC Box 3x3 Drain 19 11+883 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen 20 12+274 Track cum RCC Box 3x3 Drain Earthen 21 14+062 RCC Box 2x3 Track 22 14+500 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 23 14+916 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 24 15+075 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 Size Design Type of Type Of S.No Chainage Crossing Culvert No x Width (m) x Height (m) Earthen 25 16+949 Track cum RCC Box 4x3 Drain Earthen 26 17+222 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 27 17+500 Track cum Pipe 1X1.2 Drain 28 18+454 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen 29 18+550 RCC Box 2x3 Track 30 19+400 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 31 19+923 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 32363 21+982 Drain Pipe 1X1.2 2 Earthen 33 22+325 RCC Box 2x3 Track 34 22+600 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen 35 22+677 RCC Box 2x3 Track 36 22+973 Branch Canal RCC Box 3x3 Earthen 37 23+243 RCC Box 2x3 Track 38 24+318 Drain Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen 39 25+042 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 40 25+650 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 41 27+382 RCC Box 3x3 Track Existing Culvert to reconstructed Existing 42 24+494 for Diversion Drain on Badhata to Bhadaur Village Road Earthen 43 30410 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 44 30565 RCC Box 3x3 Track 45 30714 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Size Design Type of Type Of S.No Chainage Crossing Culvert No x Width (m) x Height (m) 46 31190 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 47 32500 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 48 33390 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 49 33765 Track cum RCC Box 3X3 Drain 50 33835 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 51 34000 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 52 34129 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 53 34474 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 54 36054 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 55 36300 Track cum RCC Box 3X3 Drain 56 36522 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 57 37040 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 58 37525 Track cum RCC Box 3x3 Drain 59 37700 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 60 38442 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 61 39000 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 62 39187 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 63 40576 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 64 41287 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 65 41797 RCC Box 2x3 Track 66 41977 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 67 42500 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 68 42705 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 69 43018 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 70 44626 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 71 45827 RCC Box 3x3 Track Size Design Type of Type Of S.No Chainage Crossing Culvert No x Width (m) x Height (m) 72 46200 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 73 46800 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 74 48100 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 75 48380 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 76 48800 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 77 49050 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 78 49200 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 79 49450 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 80 49650 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 81 49800 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 82 50689 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia CD cum 83 52914 RCC Box 3x3 Drain Earthen 84 54330 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 85 55344 RCC Box 2x3 Track CD cum 86 55770 RCC Box 3x3 Nalah Earthen 87 56175 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 88 57068 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 89 57910 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 90 59057 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 91 59628 RCC Box 3x3 Track CD cum 92 60540 Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Drain Earthen 93 60675 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 94 62+223 Box 1X2X3 Track Earthen 95 62897 RCC Box 2x3 Track 96 65200 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 97 66200 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 98 67450 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 99 68100 RCC Box 2x3 Track Size Design Type of Type Of S.No Chainage Crossing Culvert No x Width (m) x Height (m) 100 68600 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 101 69174 RCC Box 2x3 Track CD cum 102 70000 Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Drain CD cum 103 70144 Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Drain 104 70947 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia 105 71190 Drain Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 106 71643 RCC Box 3x3 Track 107 72250 CD RCC Box 2x2 108 73000 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 109 73378 Track cum RCC Box 4x3 Drain 110 73700 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia Earthen 111 73950 RCC Box 3x3 Track Earthen 112 74275 RCC Box 3x3 Track CULVERTS AT INTERCHANGES Size Design Type of Type Of S.No Chainage Crossing Culvert No x Width (m) x Height (m) Earthen 1 0+134 RCC Box RCC 3X3 Track Earthen 2 20+381 RCC Box 2x3 Track Earthen 3 20+713 RCC Box 2x3 Track 4 21+052 Drain Pipe 1X1.2 5 29+300 Irrigation Pipe 1X1.2 Earthen Track cum 6 61+329 Box 1X4X3.0 Irrigation Canal Earthen 7 61+550 Box 1X3X3 Track Size Design Type of Type Of S.No Chainage Crossing Culvert No x Width (m) x Height (m) Earthen Track along 8 61+050 RCC 1X3X3 the Trumpet Overpass Earthen 9 52+000 Track cum RCC Box 1X4x3 Drain Earthen 10 52+434 Track cum RCC Box 1X2x3 Drain 11 51450 CD Pipe Culvert 1.2 m dia

Annexure 2-4: Details of Amenities and Service Area

ANNEXURE CHAPTER-IV A proposal seeking prior approval of Central Government under the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, as per the details given below, has been examined by the Nodal Officer, Forest (conservation) Act, 1980, Government of Punjab and has been found to be complete in all respect. 1. Proposal No. : FP/PB/ROAD/118104/2020 Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda 2. Proposal Name : Greenfield Highway 3. Category of the : Road Proposal 4. Date of Submission : 31/12/2020 5. Name of the Applicant with Contact Details

Name : Prashant Mobile No. : 9814402236 State : Punjab District : Ludhiana Pincode : 141002 6. Area Applied (ha.) : 5.9685

Please provide duly signed hard copy of the above proposal along with all necessary enclosures to the office of the each concerned Divisional Forest Officer and the District Collector and upload a copy of the acknowledgement slip(s) (single pdf file) as per the format given below, obtained from each of the above authorities, on portal of this Ministry for further processing of the above proposal.

(System Administrator) Acknowledgement Slip

This is to certify that hard copy of the proposal seeking prior approval of Central Government under the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, as per details given below, along with all necessary enclosures has been received in the Office of the Punjab on 31/12/2020. 1. Proposal No. : FP/PB/ROAD/118104/2020 Development of access-controlled Ludhiana-Bathinda 2. Proposal Name : Greenfield Highway 3. Category of the : Road Proposal 4. Date of Submission : 31/12/2020 5. Name of the User Agency with Contact Details

Name : Prashant Mobile No. : 9814402236 State : Punjab District : Ludhiana Pincode : 141002 6. Area Applied (ha.) : 5.9685

(System Administrator)

*** This is a system generated email, please do not reply. ***

ANNEXURE CHAPTER-VII PUNJAB POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

To Dated3an The Secretary to Govt. of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi 110 003.

Subject: Proceedings of the public hearing conducted on 08.02.2021 in connection with application filed by National Highways Authority of India, for obtaining environmental clearance under EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 for Development of access-controlled Bathinda - Ludhiana Greenfield Highway Starting from Delhi- Katra Expressway of NE-5 near Ludhiana (Village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar Bathinda Greenfield Highway at Bathinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana -Ajmer Economic Corridor Under Bharatmala Pariyojana.

It is intimated that the National Highways Authority of India, Ministry of

Road Transport & Highways, Govt. of India), Project Implementation Unit Bathinda has

applied for obtaining environmental clearance as required under the ElA Notification dated

14.09.2006 for carrying out the Development of access-controlled Bathinda - Ludhiana

Greenfield Highway Starting from Delhi- Katra Expressway of NE-5 near Ludhiana (Village

Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar Bathinda Greenfield Highway at Bathinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana Ajmer Economic Corridor Under Bharatmala

Pariyojana. The project is covered under ElA notification No. S.O. 1533 (E) dated

14/9/2006 issued by MoEF&CC, Govt. of India and thus is required to obtain

environmental clearance from the MoEF&CC, New Delhi. Accordingly, the Project

Proponent had submitted draft rapid EIA study report alongwith summary report of the

same to the Board and requested for conduct of the Public Hearing for the proposed

project. In compliance to provisions of the EIA notification dated 14.9.2006 & Office

Memorandum dated 14.09.2020, the Board in consultation with District Administration of

3 districts namely Ludhiana, Bathinda & Barnala issued the public notice of 30 days in 2 daily newspapers namely 'Hindustan Times' and 'Rozana Spokesman' for getting responses from public and intimating time, date & venue of the public hearing fixed for 08.02.2021. A

T3J 6. 3 J3, Ytzn 17001 147001 Vaiavaran Bhawan, Nabha Road, Paliala 0175 2215802 (O), 2215636 (FAX) i1 ()175 22 1593,Member SeCrelany ISppcbogail.com cail wwwpcbqov.in Mail chaumanppcbuyahoo.in copy of the said notices is enclosed herewith as Annexure-1. The public announcements

and banners were in the displayed vicinity / nearby villages to give the wide publicity of the public hearing by the Board.

However, the Public Hearing fixed on 08.02.2021 in Districts Bathinda and

District Barnala were postponed due to Municipal Council Elections and the same has now

been fixed on 17.03.2021 in District Bathinda and District Barnala.

The Public Hearing as per schedule was held in District Ludhiana on

08.02.2021, which was presided over by the Additional Deputy Commissioner of District

Ludhiana and supervised by the concerned Environmental Engineer & Assistant Environmental Engineer, Regional Office-4, Ludhiana. Entire process of the said hearing was video graphed. A copy of the attendance sheet containing the details of persons, who

attended the said hearing alongwith CD / Pendrive containing video recording and Albums

containing still photographs, is enclosed herewith as Annexure-ll, ll respectively

The summary of the Public Hearing proceedings reflecting all the views and

concerns expressed during the public hearing, duly signed by the Additional Deputy

Commissioner of the District Ludhiana, is enclosed herewith as Annexure-IV for further

necessary action please.

DA/- As above 2213)o Member Secretaty Endst. No.22% Dated 233b2/ to the a of is forwarded A copy of the above alongwith copy proceedings action. He is requested to Commissioner, Ludhiana, for information and necessary Deputy office. of the hearing displayed conspicuously at his get a copy of the proceedings public DA/- As above e,a2a 3o 1 Member Secrethry Endst. No.A7,30 Dated233j202 of District Ludhiana is a copy of proceedings A copy of the above alongwith information and necessary action: forwarded to the following for Zonal Office-2, Punjab Pollution Control Board, The Senior Environmental Engineer, ludhiana. 2 The Environmental Engineer (Computers) Punjab Pollution Control Board, Head Office, Patiala for displaying the proceedings of public hearing on the web site of the Board. 3 The Environmental Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Regional Office-4, Ludhiana. He is requested to get a copy of the proceedings of the public hearing displayed conspicuously at his office. Also, a copy of the proceedings may be sent to the concerned Zila Parishad and Village Panchayat for displaying the same

conspicuously. National Highways Authority of India, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Govt. of India), Project Implementation Unit - Bathinda, Camp office: #16308, Street no.

13/9, Dhillon Colony Barnala Road, Bathinda, Punjab. The Authority is advised to submit final ElA report after incorporating the grievances/suggestions raised by the

and shall start construction public in the public hearing to the MoEF&CC, New Delhi of its development activities only after obtaining environmental clearance proposed project. DA/- As above 22 3)o Member Secretary 21S

PUNJAR PUNJAB POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD cd 3l2y No. 245s Dated: 03 os/2 ATtA- To The Chief Environmental Engimer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Ludhiana.

Subject: Proceedings of the public hearing conducted on 08.02.20211 in connection with application filed by M/s NHAI for obtaining environmental clearance under EIA notification dated 14.09.2006 for proposed development of access controlled Bathinda- Ludhiana Greenfield highway starting from Village Ballowal and terminating at Rampura Phul in the state of Punjab under Bharat Mala Pariyojna.

Ref: PPCB Patiala letter no. 1787 dated 25.01.2021. It is intimated that subject cited Promoter/Company has applied for conduct of public hearing for proposed development of access controlled

Bathinda-Ludhiana Greenfield highway starting from Village Ballowal and terminating at Rampura Phul in the state of Punjab under Bharat Mala Pariyojna.

The public hearing was conducted on 08.02.2021 near tehsil complex Raikot and the proceedings (in English and Punjabi) of the same are sent herewith for onward submission to Mega Cell please.

DA/ Proceedings in English and Punjabi Videography and photography of the public hearing Attendance Register

Senior Envirðnmental Engineer

Punjab Pollution Control Board Zonal Office-2, Focal Point, Ludhiana Proceedings of the Public Hearing conducted on 08.02.2021 in connection with application filed by M/s National Highway Authority of India for obtaining environmental clearance as required under ElA Notification dated 14/9/2006 for Development of access-controlled Bathinda Ludhiana Greenficld Highway starting from Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway of NH-5 near Ludhiana (Village Ballowal) and terminating at Amritsar- Bathinda Greenfield Highway at Bathinda near Rampura Phul as a part of Ludhiana- Ajmer Economie Coridor in the state of Punjab Under Bharatmala Pariyojna.

The following were present to supervise the proceedings:

1. Smt. Neeru Katyal Gupta, Addl. Deputy Commissioner (Jagraon), Ludhiana. 2 Er. Ashok Kumar Sharma. Environmental Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board. Regional Office-4, Ludhiana.

3. Er. Ravideep Singla, Assistant Environmental Engineer, Punjab Polution Control Board, Regional Office-4, Ludhiana. Office- Environmental Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Regional 4. Ludhiana welcomed the Supervising-cum-Presiding Officer and people from adjoining

of this He informed that M/s towns/villages. who came to attend the public hearing project. National Highway Authority of India has filed an application in the office of the Ministry of Environment. Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India, New Delhi for getting Environmental Clearance under EIA notification no. 1533 (E) dated 14.9.2006 for carrying out Development of access-controlled Bathinda Ludhiana Greenfield Highway starting from Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway of NH-5 near Ludhiana (Village Ballowal) and

Phul as terminating at Amritsar- Bathinda Greenfield Highway at Bathinda near Rampura a part of Ludhiana- Ajmer Economic Corridor in the state of Punjab Under Bharatmala Pariyojna. After this. he requested the representative of NHAI, PIU-Ludhiana to brief about

the project. Sh. Sarabpreet Singh of M/s URS Scott Wilson India Private Limited in

association with AECOM India Private Limited, Consultant of the NHAI brought out the

details of the project proposal before the public as under: - Ludhiana is an industrial town of Punjab having Industrial units mostly comprise of small-scale industries, producing industrial goods. machine parts. auto parts, household

appliances, hosiery. apparel, and garments. To bolster the economic connectivity and to Ludhiana is made promote export-based industries. it is important that the comectivity to efficient. congestion free and is connected with other major industrial towns. Only existing

with major connectivity to Ludhiana is NH 44 from Delhi. It severely lacks connectivity western stales such as Gujarat. Maharashtra and Rajasthan. which shall provide NHAI is also developing Delhi-Katra Expressway (NE-5) Bathinda NHAI also developing Amritsar seamless connectivity to Ludhiana with Delhi. of Northern Districts of Punjab Greenficld highway wlhich shall provide connectivity with Bathinda and further with (Amritsar. Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur. Jalandhar, etc.) Bathinda Greenfield highway Rajasthan and Gujarat. Therefore, the proposed Ludhiana Phul in District shall start from Amritsar-Bathinda Greenfield Highway near Rampura Bathinda and terminates at its intersection with Delhi-Katra Expressway near Village Ballowal in Ludhiana district. These roads shall further connect Ajmer thereby bolstering connectivity with ports in Gujarat. Present route from Ludhiana to Bathinda pass through NH 95. SH 13 at Mullapur Dakha and Barnala NH 64. These roads cannot be widened due to presence of built-up structures. The project shall provide connectivity to proposed

Ludhiana Intemational Airport at Halwara. Total Length of Project - 75+543 km 12.

Length of Project in Ludhiana District 33 Km 13. Start Point Village Ballowal and

terminating near Village Chak Bhai Ka. The alignment passes through Tehsil - Ludhiana

West and Raikot of Ludhiana District. The project passes through village 19 Villages -

Ballowal. Narangwal, Chaminda, Gujarwal, Sarabha of Ludhiana West District and Villages Bassian, Burj Hari Singh, Burj Littan, Chak Bhai Ka, Jaladiwal, Rajaona Khurd.

Talwandi Rai, Leel, Nurpur, Halwara, Nathowal, Raikot, Ramgarh Sivian and Toosa. Total

Land affiected in Ludhiana District is: 321 Hectares. The proposed alignment will involve diversion of 6.00 Ha ofprotected Forest land and 1.76 Ha in Ludhiana District. About 2289 trees will be affected for the total Project and 463 in Ludhiana District. For each tree fell. 10 times the number oftrees fells will be planted under compensatory afforestation. During pre-construction stage, the source of fugitive dust emission and air pollution due to ransportation of machinery and heavy vehicles. It will be temporary and localized only during transportation duration. Change in Land use: A major part of the project corridor runs through productive agricultural land with crops - 95.27%, Built-up & Setlement

4.16%. government land - 0.51% and forest area - 0.06%.

Project Salient Features Particulars Proposed Project Distriet Ludhiana Road ILength 75+543 27.6 Carriageway 6 Lanes 6 Lanes ROW 60 m 60m |Design Speed 100km/hr 100km/hr Junctions/ Interchange Flyover Rail Over Bridge Nil Nil Rest Area with Toilets 4 Major Bridges Nil NIL Minor Bridges (MNRB) 9 Culverts 36 Vehicle Underpass (VUP) Light Vehicle Underpass (LVUP) 30. 4 Small Vehicular Underpass (SVUP) 48 14

2 and Mitigation Environment Impact

Impact Reason S Item Mitigation/ Enhancement No Air Quality Temporary Shifting of utilities Sprinkling of water Stage & Specific Removal of trees and Finematerial to be completely (Dust vegetation Transportation of covered during transport and Generation) material stocking. Installation of construction | >Plant to be installed in plants downwind direction from nearby settlement. Air Quality Moderate Clearing and grubbingmaterialsAir pollution Norms will be emissions- Impacts Dumping brushing of the enforced. Laborers will be Construction| (Gaseous surface access roads to borrow provided mask. stage pollutantsand areas Local people will be educated dust Hot mix plants on safety and precaution. generation) Crushers paving of asphalt | On access roads, newly layers constructed embankments etc. Labour camps. Air quality Moderate Air pollutants from traffic >Compliance with future emissions- Impacts dustemissions from types statutory regulatory operational (Gaseous requirements stage pollutants) Auto technology, vehicle fue quality- improvements Air Quality Effectiveness/ shortfall (if any) Measures will be revised &| Monitoring Any unforeseen impacts improved to mitigate/ enhance environment due to any unforeseen impacts. Thereafter. Environmental Engineer, brought into the notice of public present at the venue

of hearing that as per the provisions of ElA notification dated 14.9.2006, as amended from time to time, the persons present at the venue may seek any information or clarifications on the project from the project promoter. It was also brought into the notice of the persons present there that the information or clarifications sought by them and reply given by the project proponent will be

recorded in the proceedings of the hearing, which will be sent to the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Changce for further consideration. Accordingly. he requested the persons present in the hearing to seek information or clarifications on the project one by one. He also informed that no information/ clarifications/ comments/ views/ suggestions/ objections on the project have been received from the public in writing by the Board, so far. Then the Environmental Engineer requested the public, that if anyone else want to ask any more question about the proposed expansion project, he may come forward, but no one came

forward. After that people were asked to raise their hands who are in favour of this expansion project and most of the people present raised hands in favour of this project. He then asked the people to raise their hands who are not in favour of the project and no one present in the public hearing raised his hands in disfavour of the project. The public hearing was attended by 30 persons. The hearing ended with vote of thanks to the Supervisor-Cum-Presiding Ofilicer and the

public present in the hearing.

(Er. A.K! Sharma) (Smt. Neeru Katyal Gupta) (Er. Rávideep Singla) Addl. Deputy Commissioner (Jagraon) Asst. Environmental Engineer, Environmental Engineer. udhiana PPCB. Regional Office-4, PPCB, Regional Office-4. Ludhiana Ludhiana TE fG 08.02.2021 HOST HEEt et araer

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