© TUG, used with permission TEX@2011
Martin Schröder T X@2011 Motivation E A retrospective st TEX in the 21 Century – where are we and what is up Problems The foundations
LATEX
Martin Schröder ConTEXt Graphics
Bibliographies FrOSCon 2011 Indexes 20th/21st August 2011, Sankt Augustin, Germany Fonts Distribution
Literature
Community
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Motivation TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
Three types of booth visitors Motivation 1. Does not know TEX A retrospective Problems 2. Has used TEX some years or decades ago to typeset a larger document and is astonished that it still exists – The foundations LAT X and wants to know what is new E ConTEXt This talk is for you Graphics 3. Currently typesets a larger document with TEX and Bibliographies needs help Indexes Fonts
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Motivation TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
Three types of booth visitors Motivation 1. Does not know TEX A retrospective Problems 2. Has used TEX some years or decades ago to typeset a larger document and is astonished that it still exists – The foundations LAT X and wants to know what is new E ConTEXt This talk is for you Graphics 3. Currently typesets a larger document with TEX and Bibliographies needs help Indexes Fonts
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Literature
Community
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Motivation TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
Three types of booth visitors Motivation 1. Does not know TEX A retrospective Problems 2. Has used TEX some years or decades ago to typeset a larger document and is astonished that it still exists – The foundations LAT X and wants to know what is new E ConTEXt This talk is for you Graphics 3. Currently typesets a larger document with TEX and Bibliographies needs help Indexes Fonts
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Literature
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Motivation TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
Three types of booth visitors Motivation 1. Does not know TEX A retrospective Problems 2. Has used TEX some years or decades ago to typeset a larger document and is astonished that it still exists – The foundations LAT X and wants to know what is new E ConTEXt This talk is for you Graphics 3. Currently typesets a larger document with TEX and Bibliographies needs help Indexes Fonts
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Where we have been TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
1978 TEX78 Motivation 1982 TEX82 A retrospective 1982 METAFONT Problems 1986 Computers & Typesetting (TEXbook etc.) The foundations A 1986 LATEX LTEX ConT Xt 1990 TEX90 E 1994 METAPOST Graphics Bibliographies 1994 LAT X 2 E Indexes 1994–2006 teT X 휀 E Fonts
1996 TEXlive Distribution
1996 ConTEXt Literature 1997 pdfTEX Community 2004 X TE EX Summary 2007 LuaTEX 2007 ConTEXt MKiV
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Problems we are working on: Unicode input TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
TEX82 is 7-Bit, TEX90 can do 8 Bit. Then there was Omega, Motivation but the real breakthrough came with X TE EX und LuaTEX. A retrospective Now the work focuses on Unicode Math – it works with Problems X TE EX and LuaTEX, but we need more free fonts. The foundations LATEX
ConTEXt Graphics
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Problems we are working on: Fonts TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
TEX does not handle fonts itself but reads only metric Motivation information (tfm files) and leaves the usage of font files to A retrospective the output drivers. Originally these worked only with Problems METAFONT fonts but nearly nobody outside of the TEX The foundations world created them. LATEX The rest of the world instead developed PostScript (1984), ConTEXt TrueType (1991) and lately OpenType (1996). These fonts Graphics Bibliographies can be used with troubles (by experts) with TEX and pdfTEX, but then the special features of OpenType are ignored. Indexes Today we have X T X and LuaT X which make the usage of Fonts E E E Distribution OpenType fonts very simple. Literature
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Problems we are working on: PDF TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
TEX as designed by Knuth writes a device independent output Motivation format (DVI). Today the standard is PDF (1993). For that we A retrospective made output drivers and finally pdfTEX (1997), which can Problems write PDF directly. The foundations pdfTEX is now the default engine of the TEX world. LATEX X TE EX and LuaTEX can also write PDF. ConTEXt The problem now is tagged PDF – that works with LuaTEX Graphics Bibliographies and ConTEXt since 2010, but not yet with LATEX. Indexes
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Problems we are working on: PDF TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
TEX as designed by Knuth writes a device independent output Motivation format (DVI). Today the standard is PDF (1993). For that we A retrospective made output drivers and finally pdfTEX (1997), which can Problems write PDF directly. The foundations pdfTEX is now the default engine of the TEX world. LATEX X TE EX and LuaTEX can also write PDF. ConTEXt The problem now is tagged PDF – that works with LuaTEX Graphics Bibliographies and ConTEXt since 2010, but not yet with LATEX. Indexes
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA A short overwiew: LAT X workflow TEX@2011 E Martin Schröder (LA)TEX Source binary format file Class file Motivation Fonts (metrics) Packages A retrospective
??TEX Compiler Problems
The foundations external programs DVI Index, LATEX file aux files Bibliography, Glossar) ConTEXt Fonts (Type1, Graphics Type3, Bitmap, DVI driver b Bibliographies TTF, OTF) b Indexes PS file The structure of a TEX system with Fonts pdfTEX, X TE EX or LuaTEX as Distribution compiler which can generate an ghostscript output as PDF or in the driver Literature independent DVI format. Community
Summary PDF file PDF file PDF file
X TE EX LATEX pdfLATEX LuaTEX LuaLATEX X TE EX
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA The engines TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
TEX the original by Donald Knuth Motivation -TEX small evolutionary extensions A retrospective 휀 Problems pdfTEX can create PDF and offers microtypographical extensions The foundations LATEX
X TE EX handles Unicode input and OpenType fonts; ConTEXt uses operating system specific libraries for font Graphics handling Bibliographies LuaTEX can create PDF and offers microtypographical Indexes extensions, handles Unicode input and Fonts OpenType fonts; integrates Lua as a Distribution programming language, but is still compatible Literature Community to T X; integrates METAPOST. E Summary Currently in beta; stable 1.0 planned for 2012.
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA LAT X TEX@2011 E Martin Schröder A Much has changed since LTEX 2.09 (1989): Motivation LAT X 2 : Planned as an intermediate version A retrospective ▶ E (휖) Problems between휀 LATEX 2.09 and LATEX 3; very stable since 1994 KOMA script: An alternative to the standard classes The foundations ▶ LAT X adapted to the typographical conventions of Europe E ConTEXt which offers many extensions Graphics hyperref: Adds support for hyperlinks, forms and other Bibliographies ▶ capabilities of PDF (e. g. metadata) Indexes LAT X3: Develops slowly but now offers a good Fonts ▶ E foundation for developers of classes and packages which Distribution is used by many new packages (e. g. for X LAT X and Literature E E Community LuaLAT X) E Summary
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA X LAT X and LuaLAT X TEX@2011 E E E Martin Schröder A To use the extensions of X TE EX and LuaTEX with LTEX some Motivation packages have been developed which can be used with the A retrospective commands xelatex and lualatex: Problems fontspec: Font handling The foundations ▶ LAT X polyglossia: Multilingual documents; an alternative to E ▶ ConTEXt A babel; currently works only with X LE TEX Graphics luatextra: Loads all packages needed for LuaLAT X Bibliographies ▶ E Indexes
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Presentations with LAT X TEX@2011 E Martin Schröder
Presentations are one of the most popular uses of TEX. Motivation A LTEX 2 offers only the obsolete slides class. Therefore A retrospective alternatives휀 have been developed of which two are most often Problems used: The foundations beamer: Used for this talk, offers an excellent support of LATEX ▶ PDF ConTEXt Graphics powerdot: Uses PSTricks and therefore needs dvips or ▶ Bibliographies X TE EX Indexes Fonts
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA ConT Xt TEX@2011 E Martin Schröder A ConTEXt is an alternative to LTEX that now (with version Motivation Mk IV) makes extensive use of LuaTEX and PDF to offer A retrospective features that are hard or impossible with LATEX, e. g.: Problems Multicolumn typsetting The foundations ▶ LAT X Integrated use of METAPOST (also possible with E ▶ ConTEXt A LuaLTEX) Graphics Handling of XML Bibliographies ▶ Support of layers Indexes ▶ Fonts Typesetting on a grid ▶ Distribution Creation of tagged PDF, XML, ePUB Literature ▶ Community
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Images TEX@2011 Martin Schröder Inclusion of images: pdfT X, X T X and LuaT X can ▶ E E E E Motivation handle JPEG, PNG and PDF when creating PDF; A retrospective pdfTEX and LuaTEX can also handle JBIG2. EPS must Problems be converted which is now done automagically The foundations METAPOST: An extension of METAFONT which can LATEX ▶ create PostScript and SVG. It can be used for diagrams ConTEXt and is integrated into LuaT X Graphics E Bibliographies PGF/TikZ: A macro package for LAT X and ConT Xt for ▶ E E Indexes creating very nice diagrams very easily Fonts PSTricks: A macro package for LAT X which uses Distribution ▶ E PostScript for the creation of diagrams and graphics Literature Community Asymptote: Creates vector graphics like METAPOST, ▶ Summary but the programming is more like C ++
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Bibliographies TEX@2011 Martin Schröder A One of the strengths of LTEX is the handling of bibliographies Motivation with BibTEX A retrospective BibT X: Can only handle 7 Bit and is difficult to program Problems ▶ E BibT X8: Can only handle 8 Bit and is difficult to The foundations ▶ E LAT X program E ConTEXt Biber: A replacement of BibT X used by BibLAT X; XML Graphics ▶ E E support is planned. The style files are programmed in Bibliographies TEX Indexes Fonts BibLATEX is the future (for LATEX) ▶ Distribution
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Indexes TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
Good scientific books have indexes, so their creation also had Motivation
to be automated A retrospective MakeIndex: The standard solution since 1986; handles Problems ▶ only 7 bit The foundations LAT X Xindy: Handles any language and unicode, sorting can E ▶ ConTEXt be adapted, can handle arbitrary “page numbers” (e. g. Graphics
“Genesis 1:31”), the markup can be configured Bibliographies Every generated index can be manipulated as needed by Indexes ▶ external programs Fonts Distribution
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Fonts TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
It is not enough to have programs that can handle OpenType Motivation
fonts, we also need good free OpenType fonts: A retrospective Latin Modern: An extended and improved version of Problems ▶ Computer Modern, which supports all “roman” The foundations languages LATEX ConTEXt T X Gyre: Extended and improved versions of the ▶ E Graphics GhostScript PostScript default fonts Bibliographies Many polish fonts (Antykwa Toruńska, Kurier and Iwona, Indexes ▶ Cyklop) Fonts Distribution
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Math fonts TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
TEX of course needs math fonts and for decades has been the Motivation reference implementation for math typesetting, so math fonts A retrospective (very few) were designed for TEX. With the advent of Problems OpenType Microsoft designed OpenType math and created a The foundations math font (Cambria Math) for use with Office. Work is LATEX ongoing and mostly finished to extend the TEX engines ConTEXt (X TE EX and LuaTEX) to handle OpenType math and to create Graphics free OpenType math fonts: Bibliographies Indexes Latin Modern and T X Gyre: Work is ongoing on ▶ E Fonts OpenType math Distribution Asana math: Free math font designed to complement ▶ Literature Palatino. Beta. Community
STIX/XITS: Free math fonts designed to complement Summary ▶ Times. STIX is designed to handle all mathematical symbols included in Unicode; XITS is the OpenType version.
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA T X distributions TEX@2011 E Martin Schröder
Since the installation of TEX was a real problem in the olden Motivation days (in the last millenium…), free and operating system A retrospective independent TEX distributions were developed of which these Problems two are still active: The foundations LAT X TEXlive For Unix, MacOS and Windows. Has its own E package management and offers online updates. ConTEXt All moden Unix distributions get their T X from Graphics E Bibliographies T Xlive. With TLContrib there is an additional E Indexes package repository Fonts MikTEX For Windows with a package management and Distribution online updates Literature Both would be impossible without CTAN (the Comprehensive Community Summary TEX Archive Network), a network of FTP serves which offer software related to TEX
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Books TEX@2011 Martin Schröder A There are a lot of books on LTEX and new ones are still Motivation published, but some deserve special attention A retrospective LATEX Companion The LATEX3 projects sole income is from Problems the sale of the LATEX Companion, the follow-up The foundations LAT X to the LATEX manual by Leslie Lamport E ConTEXt A DANTE books Since there were some books on LTEX Graphics
missing and publishers are not always interested Bibliographies
(the german translation of Lamport’s book is Indexes
unavailable for some years) DANTE (the Fonts german TEX user group) has published some Distribution books on its own (e. g. on KOMA script and Literature PSTricks) Community Summary
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA The community TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
The TEX community is quite active: Motivation User groups There are a number of national (and one A retrospective international: TUG) user groups, of which Problems DANTE (for german speakers) is the largest The foundations with more then 2000 members LATEX Own conferences DANTE organises two conferences every ConTEXt year and there are conferences by other user Graphics groups (of these the polish one is highly Bibliographies recommended), one european and one on Indexes Fonts ConT Xt E Distribution Conferences by others For some years we also participate in Literature
conferences by others (e. g. the Linuxtag, Community
FrOSCon, or OpenRheinRuhr) with booths and Summary presentations Funding The developement of TEX et. al. is not funded by companies but mainly by the user groups (from their membership fees and contributions) DE
r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA Summary TEX@2011 Martin Schröder
Although TEX is now more then 33 years old, it is still actively Motivation developed. The main topics are Unicode input and the use of A retrospective OpenType fonts. The programs developed today are X TE EX Problems and LuaTEX; both can and should be used (but one needs an The foundations up to date installation of TEX) LATEX ConTEXt A LTEX is still the standard and is being adapted to the new Graphics
programs; ConTEXt is a very interesting “newcomer” which Bibliographies
developes very fast Indexes
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r1686, 2011-09-05T21:26:48Z, Martin Schröder, [email protected], CC BY-NC-SA