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Biodiversity Distribution Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 Biodiversity Distribution Biodiversity refers to all of the natural world and all living organisms within it, including plants, animals, bacteria and micro organisms. www.waveney.gov.uk/planningpolicy 17 Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 | Biodiversity Distribution www.waveney.gov.uk/planningpolicy 18 Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 | Biodiversity Distribution What is biodiversity? Biodiversity refers to all of the natural world and all living organisms within it, including plants, animals, bacteria and micro organisms. The convention on biodiversity defines it as: “The variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems” (Source: Natural England website). What is the purpose of this section? The Waveney Biodiversity Distribution Assessment aims to enhance the Council’s understanding of biodiversity distribution across the District. The objectives are to: 1. Identify and map the location of sites of biodiversity value. 2. Explain the importance of sites of biodiversity value. In other words the Biodiversity Distribution Assessment is narrowly focused on the spatial distribution of sites across the District. However the findings of the Biodiversity Distribution Assessment will feed into the conclusions of the Green Infrastructure Strategy. www.waveney.gov.uk/planningpolicy 19 Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 | Biodiversity Distribution Methodology for this biodiversity distribution assessment The Biodiversity Distribution Assessment looks solely at the spatial distribution of sites. The assessment was undertaken using the following steps: 1. The Biodiversity Distribution Assessment is based on all sites of biodiversity value within the District. These include sites protected by law under international, European and national agreements, as well as sites that are identified at the County and District levels. Ancient woodland does not receive statutory protection but have local value worthy of designation. All sites and designations are listed in appendix 3. 2. The maps in appendix 4 were lifted from the GIS layer and illustrate the spatial distribution of these designations. 3. Ascertain the spatial distribution of biodiversity sites across the District, particularly where they link together to form wider areas of biodiversity or where there are gaps in biodiversity provision. 4. This information will feed into the Green Infrastructure Strategy to provide a series of action points about how green infrastructure provision can be improved and protected in the future. Leathes Ham, Lowestoft www.waveney.gov.uk/planningpolicy 20 Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 | Biodiversity Distribution Introduction to the biodiversity distribution assessment Waveney District has a wide range of wildlife and habitats, including coastline, parkland, arable fields, rivers, hedges and woodlands. Many of these are extremely valuable in their own right and require protection and enhancement. These sites often also form part of a wider network of sites and wildlife corridors that increase the range of habitats that can support local wildlife. Networks of biologically valuable sites often have greater value than each of the sites individually. For this reason Waveney District Council wants to map ecological sites and networks to better understand how they can function alongside other types of green infrastructure. The Waveney District Council Biodiversity Audit was completed in 2007 by Suffolk Wildlife Trust. This biodiversity audit included officially designated sites, county wildlife sites and other sites that were considered to have ecological value. Suffolk Wildlife Trust visited each site to record the plants and wildlife present, together with any habitats. In particular, Suffolk Wildlife Trust identified protected species on each site, together with the general condition of the site and any improvements that were considered necessary. The results were used to inform the preparation of the emerging local development framework, as well as planning application decisions. Consultation with Suffolk Wildlife Trust has indicated that the existing biodiversity audits1 are still sufficiently up to date to inform plan making, although a new audit will be required on any site that is subject to a development proposal. Therefore the emphasis of this Biodiversity Distribution Assessment is to investigate the spatial distribution of protected animal and plant species across the District, as well as important habitats. Many protected species are spread across several sites and so it is important to map their spatial distribution and to see how spatial patterns compare with those of other species. The Biodiversity Distribution Assessment will not only support the plan making process, but it will also inform the preparation of a wider Green Infrastructure Strategy. The Green Infrastructure Strategy will combine the spatial distribution of biodiversity with those of open space, playing pitches, allotments and green corridors to enable sites to be used for different purposes and identify how they are linked together. A comprehensive Green Infrastructure Strategy will help to better plan for future development, identify shortfalls in provision and better understand how sites and spaces can contribute to a high quality environment within the District. 1 Waveney District Council Biodiversity Audits (2007), Suffolk Wildlife Trust www.waveney.gov.uk/site/scripts/download_info.php?downloadID=110 www.waveney.gov.uk/planningpolicy 21 Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 | Biodiversity Distribution National policies Planning policies at the local and national level promote the protection and enhancement of sites of biodiversity importance, in particular where they form part of wider ecological networks. Of particular value are wildlife corridors and stepping stones, which allow for the movement of species between sites. Paragraph 117 of the National Planning Policy Framework states that local authorities must: Plan for biodiversity at a landscape-scale across local authority boundaries Identify and map components of the local ecological networks, including the hierarchy of international, national and locally designated sites of importance for biodiversity, wildlife corridors and stepping stones that connect them and areas identified by local partnerships for habitat restoration or creation. The National Planning Practice Guidance provides practical information about plan preparation and considering planning applications that relate to the built and natural environments. www.waveney.gov.uk/planningpolicy 22 Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 | Biodiversity Distribution Local policies Waveney District Council planning policy documents also support the Council in mapping the distribution of biodiversity assets as part of the protection and enhancement of the natural environment. Paragraph 5.110 of the Core Strategy states that: It will be important to maintain a network of habitats and wildlife corridors to facilitate movement of wildlife populations, including to allow species to adapt to climate change. Core Strategy Policy CS16 (Natural Environment) The District Council will work with partners such as the Suffolk Wildlife Trust, Suffolk Biodiversity Partnership, Suffolk Coast and Heaths Project, the Broads Authority and the community to protect and enhance the natural and historic environment in the District. Proposals for development are expected to retain and add to local distinctiveness, retain tranquillity, avoid fragmentation of habitats and seek to enhance wildlife corridors and networks. In addition, proposals should conserve and contribute towards the enhancement of the landscape character, biodiversity and geodiversity of the District, including those features listed below :- • the visual setting of the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads • the Historic Parks and Gardens of Somerleyton, Henham and Belle Vue Park in Lowestoft, and their settings • habitats and species in the Suffolk Biodiversity Action Plan • sites and features in the emerging Suffolk Geodiversity Action Plan • locally recognised sites of biodiversity and geodiversity importance, including County Wildlife Sites, Local Nature Reserves and Regionally Important Geological/Geomorphological sites • wildlife and green corridors as identified in the biodiversity audits for Lowestoft, the market towns and Kessingland. www.waveney.gov.uk/planningpolicy 23 Draft Open Space Needs Assessment | December 2014 | Biodiversity Distribution Development Management Policy DM29 (Protecting Biodiversity and Geodiversity) All development proposals should: • Take into account the Biodiversity Audits undertaken for parts of the District and; • Protect the biodiversity value of land and buildings; • Minimise fragmentation of habitats; • Maximise opportunities for restoration, enhancement and connection of natural habitats and creation of habitats for species listed in UK and Suffolk Biodiversity Action Plans; • Incorporate beneficial biodiversity conservation features where appropriate; • Where habitats are affected by flooding as a result of coastal erosion and long-term realignment, opportunities for the creation of replacement habitats will be encouraged. Development proposals that would cause
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