DOCSLIB.ORG

The Mistletoe Struthanthus Flexicaulis Reduces Dominance and Increases Diversity of Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Mistletoe Struthanthus Flexicaulis Reduces Dominance and Increases Diversity of Plants bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070268; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 The mistletoe Struthanthus flexicaulis reduces dominance and increases diversity of plants 2 in campo rupestre 3 Graziella França Monteiro 1,2*, Milton Barbosa1, Yasmine Antonini 2, Marcela Fortes de 4 Oliveira Passos 2,3, Samuel Novais 1, G. Wilson Fernandes 1*. 5 6 7 1 Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade/DGEE, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo 8 Horizonte – Minas Gerais, 30270-971, Brazil. 9 2 Laboratório de Biodiversidade/DEBIO/ICEB/Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro 10 Preto – Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil. 11 3 Graduate Program in Applied Ecology /DBI-Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA, Lavras 12 – Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil. 13 14 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070268; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 23 ABSTRACT 24 The interaction between hemiparasites and their host plants is an important structuring 25 mechanism for plant communities. The mistletoe Struthanthus flexicaulis (Loranthaceae) is 26 widely distributed in the campo rupestre ecosystem and likely has an important role in 27 structuring the communities of which its hosts are part. The main goals of this study were to 28 investigate the effects of parasitism by S. flexicaulis on host plants in a degraded area of 29 campo rupestre and to determine how parasitism affects characteristics of the structure of this 30 plant community over time. We found that parasitized plants had smaller crowns and branch 31 growth, and suffered lower mortality compared to non-parasitized plants. Parasitism by S. 32 flexicaulis decreased dominance and increased the diversity and evenness of plants in the 33 community over time. Parasitism leads to competition with the host for water and nutrients, 34 which may decrease the performance of the host and, consequently, leading to host death. 35 The high mortality of the most abundant plant species led to a restructured woody plant 36 community. These results reinforce the importance of parasitic plants as key species for 37 maintaining species diversity in plant communities. 38 39 Key words: plant-plant interaction; parasitism; community structure, Espinhaço Mountain 40 Chain 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 2 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070268; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 50 51 52 53 INTRODUCTION 54 Identifying the factors that control the distribution, abundance and diversity of species 55 is important to understand the structuring of ecological communities. Communities are 56 structured according to climatic and historical variations (e.g. dispersion and speciation, 57 migration and extinction), local physical conditions and interactions among species [1, 2]. 58 On a local scale, abiotic factors have an important influence on the structuring of plant 59 communities, such as the availability of water and soil nutrients [34] in addition to 60 interactions with other organisms, such as microbes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [5, 6, 61 7]. In turn, the distribution of plant communities strongly affects the community structure of 62 other organisms that directly depend on them as resources, such as herbivores and parasitic 63 plants [8, 9, 10]. 64 Among parasitic plants, hemiparasites are those capable of photosynthesis, but 65 depend on their hosts for water and nutrients [11]. The susceptibility to attack by 66 hemiparasitic plants (determined by chemical, physiological and physical processes at the 67 parasite-host interface) varies between plant species, and therefore, local abundance and the 68 degree of susceptibility of plants in a community are key factors for the successful 69 colonization of hemiparasites in the environment [12, 13, 14]. In addition, the seeds of the 70 hemiparasitic plants are mostly dispersed by birds, which can lead to a differential deposition 71 of seeds on the host plants according to the preferences of the birds for certain perches [15, 72 16, 17]. Generally, larger plants with more branched tops are more attractive perches for 3 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070268; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 73 birds, leading to a greater abundance of hemiparasitic plants on these hosts [15, 18, 16, 19, 74 20]. 75 Once the hemiparasitic plants are established, they can affect the host plant both 76 directly and indirectly [21, 22, 23, 9] and, consequently, affect the structure of plant 77 communities [14]. Directly, the hemiparasite decreases the growth and branching of the host 78 plant [23], as they obtain water and nutrients directly from the xylem, decreasing the 79 resources available for the metabolism of the host itself [11, 24, 25], which may ultimately 80 lead to death [19, 26, 9]. Indirectly, the parasite can make the host plant more susceptible to 81 attack by natural enemies [23] and to environmental stress [12, 11], which can also accelerate 82 the death of the host. Therefore, once the most abundant plant species in the environment are 83 more frequently parasitized, the hemiparasitic plant can play an important role in the 84 structuring of plant communities, since by promoting a higher mortality of individuals of 85 dominant species, it would lead to greater uniformity in the number of individuals among 86 plant species in the community [11, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31]. 87 Loranthaceae is one of the most representative families of parasitic plants in Brazil, 88 with 10 genera and approximately 100 species described [32, 14]. In the Cerrado biome, 36 89 species have been described, all of which are hemiparasites [33]. Among them, the mistletoe 90 Struthanthus flexicaulis is a common generalist hemiparasite in campos rupestres, with more 91 than 60 species recorded as hosts within at least 24 families of woody plants [25, 9]. The 92 campo rupestre ecosystem is subject to significant anthropic pressure such as mining and 93 road construction [3, 34], and in degraded areas the native pioneer shrub, Baccharis 94 dracunculifolia, whose populations form patches, often dominates the plant community [3, 95 10]. 4 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070268; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 96 Casual observations indicated a high incidence of the mistletoe S. flexicaulis on the 97 patches of B. dracunculifolia, therefore representing an excellent experimental model to test 98 whether the plant community can be shaped by the presence of a plant parasite. This study 99 aimed to evaluate the factors related to the host plants that affect the distribution and 100 abundance of this important and widespread mistletoe, and the effects of hemiparasitism on 101 host plants in a degraded area of campo rupestre, in southeastern Brazil. We tested whether 102 the presence of the S. flexicaulis affects the structure of this community over time. First, we 103 determined the effect of the frequency and architecture of the woody host plants on parasitism 104 by S. flexicaulis. Predictions of the following hypotheses were tested: (1) More common 105 plant species in the environment are more attacked by the S. flexicaulis; (i) more abundant 106 host plants would present a greater intensity of infection (number of parasites per host) by S. 107 flexicaulis; (2) Structurally more complex host plants would be more parasitized by S. 108 flexicaulis; (i) host plants with more complex architecture (plant height and crown, number 109 of primary and secondary branches and maximum branching) would present a higher 110 intensity of infection by S. flexicaulis; (ii) Branches in greater diameter classes would be 111 more parasitized by S. flexicaulis compared with smaller diameter classes. In a second step, 112 we determined the impact of parasitism by S. flexicaulis on host plants and the woody plant 113 species community. The predictions of the following hypotheses were tested: (1) Parasitized 114 plants show lower growth and suffered higher mortality than non-parasitized plants: (i) 115 parasitized plants would show lower growth (plant height and crown, number of primary and 116 secondary branches, and maximum branching) over time compared to non-parasitized plants; 117 (ii) parasitized plants would have a higher proportion of individuals killed over time 118 compared to non-parasitized plants; (2) Parasitic plants favor the diversity of woody plants, 119 reducing the abundance of dominant species over time: (i) the dominance of species in the 5 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070268; this version posted April 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Status of Cecropia (Urticaceae) Introductions in Malesia: Addressing the Confusion
    Blumea 57, 2012: 136–142 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651912X657567 The status of Cecropia (Urticaceae) introductions in Malesia: addressing the confusion B.J. Conn1, J.T. Hadiah2, B.L. Webber3 Key words Abstract As part of the great global movement of plants in the 18th and 19th centuries, many valuable and com- mercial plants were sent from the Neotropics to Europe as seeds or as live specimens. Cecropia (Urticaceae) alien was in cultivation in England in 1789, yet species delimitation was not well-understood until much later, long after Cecropia subsequent introductions to other tropical regions where alien populations are now invasive. The earliest record of Indonesia Cecropia being cultivated in Malesia is based on material of C. peltata thought to have been sent from the Royal invasion history Botanic Gardens Kew to ’s Lands Plantentuin (Buitenzorg) in Jawa, Indonesia, sometime between 1862 and early Jawa 1868. In 1902, C. peltata was first cultivated in the botanical gardens of Singapore and introduced to Peninsular Malaysia Malaysia in 1954. The source of these latter introductions is uncertain. Many researchers have assumed that plant identification C. peltata is the only species of Cecropia introduced in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. We confirm that Singapore C. peltata is naturalised in Singapore and is invasive on the island of Jawa, Indonesia, and in Peninsular Malaysia. Urticaceae However, a second introduced species, C. pachystachya, has also been discovered as invasive in both Jawa and Singapore. There is no evidence for the third previously introduced species, C.
    [Show full text]
  • (Cecropia Pachystachya) Trécul
    Journal of Regulatory Science http:\\journalofregulatoryscience.org Regulatory Science Journal of Regulatory Science 04 (2016) 29–37 Characterization of Nutrients in the Leaves and Fruits of Embaúba (Cecropia Pachystachya) Trécul Elaine Cristina de Souza Limaa, Marcia Barreto da Silva Feijób, Edna Ribeiro dos Santosa,c, Armando U.O. Sabaa-Srura, Rensheng Luod, Thomas Dobbse, Robert E. Smithe,∗ aUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 465, Km 7 Seropédica, Brasil bUniversidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Viana 523 Santa Rosa-Niterói - Rio de Janeiro – CEP: 24241-001, Brasil cCentro Universitário Plínio Leite, Rua Visconde do Rio Branco, 123 – Centro – Niterói –RJ – CEP 24020-000, Brasil dUniversity of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Drive, St. Louis, MO 63121 USA eFDA, 11510 W 80th St. Lenexa, KS 66214 Abstract The fruits and leaves of the embaúba tree (Cecropia Pachystachya Trécul) harvested in the region of the state of Rio de Janeiro were analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, carbohydrates, pH, acidity and minerals. The fresh fruit and leaves had 71.8 and 62.4% moisture, 0.54 and 1.13% protein, 0.68 and 0.46% total fat, 0.50 and 0.96% ash, 0.11 and 0.19% soluble fiber, 2.60 and 2.19% insoluble fiber, 23.8 and 32.7% total carbohydrates, 0.04 and 0.06% acidity and pH values of 5.98 and 5.1, respectively. The fruit and leaves are also good sources of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). They provide >100% of the dietary reference intake (DRI) for adults.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flower Flies and the Unknown Diversity of Drosophilidae (Diptera): a Biodiversity Inventory in the Brazilian Fauna
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/402834; this version posted August 29, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The flower flies and the unknown diversity of Drosophilidae (Diptera): a biodiversity inventory in the Brazilian fauna Hermes J. Schmitz1 and Vera L. S. Valente2 1 Universidade Federal da Integração-Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; [email protected] Abstract Diptera is a megadiverse order, reaching its peak of diversity in Neotropics, although our knowledge of dipteran fauna of this region is grossly deficient. This applies even for the most studied families, as Drosophilidae. Despite its position of evidence, most aspects of the biology of these insects are still poorly understood, especially those linked to natural communities. Field studies on drosophilids are highly biased to fruit-breeders species. Flower-breeding drosophilids, however, are worldwide distributed, especially in tropical regions, although being mostly neglected. The present paper shows results of a biodiversity inventory of flower-breeding drosophilids carried out in Brazil, based on samples of 125 plant species, from 47 families. Drosophilids were found in flowers of 56 plant species, of 18 families. The fauna discovered showed to be highly unknown, comprising 28 species, 12 of them (>40%) still undescribed.
    [Show full text]
  • Ants on Cecropia Trees in Urban San José, Costa Rica
    118 Florida Entomologist 81(1) March, 1998 ANTS ON CECROPIA TREES IN URBAN SAN JOSÉ, COSTA RICA JAMES K. WETTERER Center for Environmental Research & Conservation, Columbia University New York, NY 10027 The symbiosis between ants and Cecropia trees is among the best-studied ant- plant relationships (Belt 1874, Müller 1874, Janzen 1969, Longino 1989). ResidentAz- teca ants, the commonest Cecropia symbionts, typically defend their host trees against herbivory and overgrowth by vines (Janzen 1969, Schupp 1986, Rocha and Bergallo 1992). Cecropia trees, in turn, provide resident ants with shelter within their trunks and with food in the form of nutrient-rich Müllerian bodies on the base of the petioles and pearl bodies on the undersides of the leaves (Rickson 1971). Resident ants also of- ten gain additional nutrition through feeding on honeydew produced by homopterans which the ants tend within the Cecropia trunk (Belt 1874, Wheeler 1942). In the forests of Costa Rica, the majority of Cecropia trees, including Cecropia ob- tusifolia Bertol., are occupied by mutualistic Azteca ants (Longino 1989). In the present study, I surveyed ants on C. obtusifolia trees planted as ornamentals in the capital city of San José, Costa Rica, to determine whether these trees, isolated from native forest by several kilometers of urban areas, were occupied and protected by Az- teca ants. In June 1996, I surveyed ants on all 27 C. obtusifolia trees planted in the plaza in front of the Costa Rican National Museum near the center of San José, Costa Rica. Trees ranged from 0.5 to 7 m in height. For trees five meters or more in height (esti- mated to the nearest 1 m), I collected from the trunk all ants I could reach (up to ~2.5 m).
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Cecropia Pachystachya
    Edinburgh Research Explorer Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Cecropia pachystachya Citation for published version: Wu, Z-Y, Du, XY, Milne, RI, Liu, J & Li, DZ 2017, 'Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Cecropia pachystachya', Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 735-737. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2017.1390420 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1080/23802359.2017.1390420 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources Publisher Rights Statement: © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources ISSN: (Print) 2380-2359 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmdn20 Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Cecropia pachystachya Zeng-Yuan Wu, Xin-Yu Du, Richard I.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Characterization and Comparative Studies of Four
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Phytochemical characterization and comparative studies of four Cecropia species collected in Received: 16 April 2018 Accepted: 20 December 2018 Panama using multivariate data Published: xx xx xxxx analysis Andrés Rivera-Mondragón 1, Sebastiaan Bijttebier1,2, Emmy Tuenter1, Deborah Custers1, Orlando O. Ortíz 3, Luc Pieters1, Catherina Caballero-George4, Sandra Apers1 & Kenn Foubert1 Plant species of the genus Cecropia (Urticaceae) are used as traditional medicine in Latin-America, and are commercially available as food supplements. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the phytochemical constituents of four Cecropia species collected in Panama. The structures of 11 compounds isolated from leaves of C. obtusifolia were elucidated based on high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis; the polyphenolic constituents of leaves of all four Cecropia species and commercial products were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-quadrupole time of fight-tandem high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-QTOF). Forty-seven compounds were fully identifed or tentatively characterized. Thirty-nine of these have not been previously reported for the species under investigation. Multivariate analysis revelead that C. obtusifolia and C. insignis are the most related species, while C. hispidissima is the most segregated one. Considering the importance of the description of novel chemical entities and the increasing interest and use of natural products, this study may be of great help for chemotaxonomic purposes, the interpretation of medicinal properties and for quality assessment of herbal supplements containing Cecropia leaves. Te use of medicinal plants has been evidenced since ancient times for the treatment of a wide range of illnesses, and they have become increasingly important in healthcare.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Identi Cations of Seventeenth Century Plant Illustrations in The
    Looking into the ora of Dutch Brazil: botanical identications of seventeenth century plant illustrations in the Libri Picturati Mireia Alcántara-Rodríguez ( [email protected] ) Leiden University Mariana Françozo Leiden University Tinde Van Andel Naturalis Biodiversity Center Research Article Keywords: African heritage, Atlantic Forest, Botanical drawings, Digitalization, Naturalists, Tupi Posted Date: June 14th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-609648/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/31 Abstract The Libri Picturati includes a collection of plant illustrations from seventeenth century Dutch Brazil that is kept in the Jagiellonian library in Krakow since World War II. While many studies focused on the artistic details of these images, we identied the ora depicted. We used contemporary textual sources (e.g., Historia Naturalis Brasiliae), monographs and taxonomist’ assessments. We checked origin, life form, domestication and conservation status and the plant parts that are represented. We identied 198 taxa, consisting mostly of wild, native rainforest trees and 35 introduced species. Fertile branches are the most represented, although some loose dry fruits and sterile material were also painted, which sheds light into the collection methods by naturalists in Dutch Brazil. Several species are no longer abundant or have become invasive due to anthropogenic inuences since colonialism. Through this botanical iconography, we traced the rst records of the sunower and the Ethiopian pepper in Brazil, as well as the dispersion and assimilation of the ora encountered in the colony by Indigenous, African and European peoples. We emphasized the relevance of combining visual and textual sources when studying natural history collections and we highlighted how digitalization makes these artistic and scientic collections more accessible.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociobiology 61(1): 88-94 (March, 2014) DOI: 10.13102/Sociobiology.V61i1.88-94
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS) Sociobiology 61(1): 88-94 (March, 2014) DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v61i1.88-94 Sociobiology An international journal on social insects Research articlE - TERMITES Co-existence of ants and termites in Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae) AC Neves1, CT Bernardo2, FM Santos3 1 - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 2 - Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. 3 - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Article History ABSTRACT Edited by Individuals of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae) host Azteca (Hymenoptera: Kleber Del-Claro, UFU, Brazil Formicidae) colonies in their hollow internodes and feed them with glycogen bodies pro- Received 06 January 2014 Initial acceptance 27 February 2014 duced in modified petiole bases (trichilia). In turn, ants keep trees free from herbivores Final acceptance 18 March 2014 and lianas. Here, we report for the first time the association of nests of Nasutitermes ephratae Rambur (Isoptera: Termitidae) with these trees, in South-Pantanal (Brazil). We Keywords aimed to describe the Cecropia-ant-termite relationship and to investigate how their Myrmecophytism, Azteca, Pantanal, coexistence is made possible. We hypothesize that: 1) The frequency of termite nests Nasutitermes ephratae in C. pachystachya is lower than in neighbor trees; 2) Termite nests occur in trees with Corresponding author lower density of foraging ants; 3) The time that ants take to find and remove live ter- Ana Carolina de Oliveira Neves mite baits in C. pachystachya trees is lower in leaves (close to trichilia) than in trunks; Departamento de Biologia Geral 4) Termite nests are fixed preferentially in the smallest and less branched trees; and 5) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Termite nests are fixed preferentially distant from the canopies.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Systems of Plants in a Brazilian Montane Forest
    Floresta e Ambiente 2019; 26(Spec No 1): e20180394 https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.039418 ISSN 2179-8087 (online) Original Article Conservation of Nature Sexual Systems of Plants in a Brazilian Montane Forest Monique Perini1 , Henrique Machado Dias2 , Sustanis Horn Kunz2 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brasil 2Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro/ES, Brasil ABSTRACT In this study, vegetation reproduction has been investigated in order to understand aspects of speciation, structuring and composition of plant communities. Thus, we sought to characterize the frequency of sexual systems from species recorded in seed rain occurring in a tropical rainforest (Atlantic Forest) in Caparaó National Park, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. We collected the seed rain for twelve months, classified and recorded the species for: sexual system; pollination and dispersion syndrome; and fruit type. Then we measured the correlation between these attributes through correspondence analysis. Regarding sexual systems, 71% were hermaphrodites, 13% dioecious, and 11% monoecious. Hermaphrodites are best associated with pollination, dispersion and fruit types, represented by 65% of data variance. This study may contribute to elaborating management and conservation programs taking into account the interaction of plants with the local fauna. Keywords: seed rain, reproductive ecology, woody layer, Caparaó National Park, Atlantic Forest. Creative Commons License. All the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. 2/10 Perini M, Dias HM, Kunz SH Floresta e Ambiente 2019; 26(Spec No 1): e20180394 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Flora in the Rural
    Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas ISSN: 0717-7917 [email protected] Universidad de Santiago de Chile Chile C. da Costa, Ineilian B.; G. Bonfim, Filipe P.; C. Pasa, María; V. Montero, Daniel A. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal flora in the rural community Rio dos Couros, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol. 16, núm. 1, enero, 2017, pp. 53-67 Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=85649119005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative © 2017 Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 16 (1): 53 - 67 ISSN 0717 7917 www.blacpma.usach.cl Artículo Original | Original Article Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal flora in the rural community Rio dos Couros, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil [Estudio etnobotánico de la flora medicinal en la comunidad rural Rio dos Couros, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil] Ineilian B.C. da Costa1, Filipe P.G. Bonfim1, Maria C. Pasa2 & Daniel A.V. Montero1 1Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais e Etnobotânica, Departamento de Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Brasil 2Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil Contactos | Contacts: Ineilian B.C. da COSTA - E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this work was to register the traditional knowledge about medicinal plants, as well as raise the socioeconomic profile of the residents from the community Rio dos Couros (Brazil), in order to relate them the level of botanical knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry for Biodiversity Conservation and Food Sovereignty Advances in Agroforestry
    Advances in Agroforestry 12 Florencia Montagnini Editor Integrating Landscapes: Agroforestry for Biodiversity Conservation and Food Sovereignty Advances in Agroforestry Volume 12 Series editor P.K. Ramachandran Nair, Gainesville, USA Aims and Scope Agroforestry, the purposeful growing of trees and crops in interacting combinations, began to attain prominence in the late 1970s, when the international scientific community embraced its potentials in the tropics and recognized it as a practice in search of science. During the 1990s, the relevance of agroforestry for solving problems related to deterioration of family farms, increased soil erosion, surface and ground water pollution, and decreased biodiversity was recognized in the industrialized nations too. Thus, agroforestry is now receiving increasing attention as a sustainable land-management option the world over because of its ecological, economic, and social attributes. Consequently, the knowledge-base of agroforestry is being expanded at a rapid rate as illustrated by the increasing number and quality of scientific publications of various forms on different aspects of agroforestry. Making full and efficient use of this upsurge in scientific agroforestry is both a challenge and an opportunity to the agroforestry scientific community. In order to help prepare themselves better for facing the challenge and seizing the opportunity, agroforestry scientists need access to synthesized information on multi-dimensional aspects of scientific agroforesty. The aim of this new book-series, Advances in Agroforestry, is to offer state-of- the art synthesis of research results and evaluations relating to different aspects of agroforestry. Its scope is broad enough to encompass any and all aspects of agrofor- estry research and development.
    [Show full text]
  • Nectar As Fuel for Plant Protectors
    //INTEGRAS/TEMPLATES/F:/3-PAGINATION/PPF/2-FIRST_PROOF/3B2/0521819415C03.3D – 75 – [75–108/34] 19.1.2005 2:31PM 3 Nectar as fuel for plant protectors SUZANNE KOPTUR Introduction Nectar is a sweet liquid produced by plants on various parts of the plant body. Most people are familiar with nectar in flowers, collected by bees to make honey, and utilized by a variety of floral visitors, some of whom serve as pollinators for the plant. Less familiar is extrafloral nectar, produced outside the flowers in extrafloral nectaries and usually not associated with pollination. Plants produce nectar in various ways (Elias 1983; Koptur 1992a), and whether they do it purposefully (secretion) or passively (excretion) has been the subject of debate between physiologists and evolutionary ecologists for many years (reviewed in Bentley 1977; see also Sabelis et al., Chapter 4). Over evolutionary time, myriad selective forces have shaped not only the morphology and func- tion of nectaries, but also the composition of the substances secreted and whether or not the structures secrete under different circumstances. Thompson’s (1994) synthetic theory of the ‘‘co-evolutionary mosaic,’’ in which different populations of a given species experience different interactions over space and time, helps to explain the variable findings researchers encounter in studying interactions between plants and predatory insects, especially those mediated by nectar (or other direct or indirect food rewards from plants). Carnivorous organisms, which can benefit plants as protectors, may rely on nectar as an energy source. If ants, wasps, other predators, and parasitoids are more likely to encounter their herbivore prey if they utilize a plant’s nectar, mutualisms are thus promoted.
    [Show full text]