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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro De UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FARMÁCIA ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO COMPARATIVO ENTRE Cecropia glaziovii SNETH. E Cecropia pachystachya TRÉCUL. DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO GEISON MODESTI COSTA Florianópolis 2009 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FARMÁCIA ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO COMPARATIVO ENTRE Cecropia glaziovii SNETH. E Cecropia pachystachya TRÉCUL. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Farmácia por Geison Modesti Costa como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Farmácia ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Flávio Henrique Reginatto CO-ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Eloir Paulo Schenkel Florianópolis 2009 DEDICATÓRIA Ao meu orientador: Flávio H. Reginatto “Desconfie do destino e acredite em você. Gaste mais horas realizando que sonhando, fazendo que planejando, vivendo que esperando, porque embora quem quase morre esteja vivo, quem quase vive já morreu." Luis Fernando Veríssimo AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Flávio H. Reginatto, pela orientação, dedicação, atenção e paciência que teve comigo no mestrado, além dos diversos votos de confiança que depositou em mim ao longo de toda a minha vida acadêmica. É uma honra ter sido seu primeiro aluno de mestrado! Ao Prof. Dr. Eloir P. Schenkel, pela co-orientação e pelo grande conhecimento recebido. Além disso, pelo provilégio de poder ministrar minhas primeiras aulas, na disciplina de Química Farmacêutica, sob sua supervisão. Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, especialmente a Prof. Dra. Ângela Campos, pela parceria no projeto envolvendo os estudos com Cecropia , a Prof. Dra. Cláudia M. O. Simões, pelo auxílio e atenção dispensados em meu trabalho e ao Prof. Dr. Marcos Segatto, pela amizade e auxílio na conclusão deste trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Miguel Caro, pela atenção e agilidade dispensada aos espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear das substâncias isoladas neste trabalho. Aos Prof. Dr. Lílian Mentz e Daniel Falkenberg pela identificação do material vegetal. As técnicas dos Laboratórios de Farmacognosia e Química Farmacêutica, ‘Claudinha’ e Solange, por todas as vezes que precisei de ajuda e sempre fui amparado. Muito obrigado! As colegas de mestrado Izabella Silva e Janaína Koelzer, pela realização dos experimentos na avaliação de atividade farmacológicas dos extratos de Cecropia glaziovii e Cecropia pachystachya. A Caroline e Lara, as melhores ajudantes que eu poderia ter e que me auxiliaram e me aguentaram muito nos momentos em que eu mais precisei. Muito obrigado! Aos amigos e colegas de laboratório Maria Izabel, Karen, Virgínia, Tatiana, Simone, Andressa, Vanessa, Thaís, Carize, Fernanda, Cíntia, Rodrigo, Débora, Tiago, Lígia e Patrícia, por todo o carinho que tenho por vocês e pela paciência que vocês tem comigo. Especialmente a Silvana, ‘mãe dos C-glicosídeos’, agradeço por sempre me ajudar e me ouvir quando precisei e por toda a força que me deu quando vim para Florianópolis. Ao João e Daniel, meus ex-colegas e sempre amigos, que me ajudaram na adaptação entre Passo Fundo e Florianópolis. A minha mãe Dianete e meu irmão Eoil Júnior, por tudo, inclusive por sempre acreditarem em mim. A minha noiva ‘Cacá’, por tudo que você é e por todo amor, carinho, paciência, apoio e dedicação incondicional que teve e tem comigo. SUMÁRIO Lista de Figuras Lista de Tabelas Lista de Abraviaturas Resumo Abstract Apresentação ......................................................................................................... 14 Capítulo 1: O gênero Cecropia ............................................................................. 17 1. Introdução ........................................................................................................... 18 Publicação : Aspectos químicos e farmacológicos do gênero Cecropia ................. 20 Capítulo 2: Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia analítica para a identificação e quantificação de compostos fenólicos em Cecropia glaziovii e Cecropia pachystachya por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) ................................................................................................................... 43 1. Introdução ........................................................................................................... 44 2. Revisão da Literatura .......................................................................................... 44 2.1. Análise de compostos fenólicos por CLAE ..................................................... 44 2.2. Validação de métodos analíticos ...................................................................... 45 Publicação : Simultaneous Quantitative Assay of Major Phenolic Compounds from Two Brazilian Cecropia Species by HPLC-DAD .......................................... 48 Capítulo 3: Isolamento e caracterização de flavonóides em folhas de Cecropia glaziovii e Cecropia pachystachya ......................................................... 64 1. Introdução ........................................................................................................... 65 2. Revisão da Literatura .......................................................................................... 65 2.1. Flavonóides ...................................................................................................... 65 2.1.1. Flavonóides C-glicosídeos ............................................................................ 66 2.1.2. Flavonóides nas espécies C. glaziovii e C. pachystachya ............................. 67 Publicação: Chemical characterization of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth. and Cecropia pachystachya Trécul. leaves and seasonal variation of the major flavonoids from Cecropia glaziovii ........................................................................ 68 Discussão geral ...................................................................................................... 82 Conclusões .............................................................................................................. 92 Referências ............................................................................................................. 94 Apêndices ............................................................................................................... 103 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Espécies de Cecropia predominantes na Mata Atlântica conhecidas popularmente como ‘embaúba’................................................................................ 18 Figura 2: Núcleo fundamental dos flavonóides e sua numeração.......................... 66 Figura 3: Cromatografia em camada delgada da substância CP4 e flavonóides descritos na literatura para o gênero Cecropia ......................................................... 88 Figura 4: Fórmula estrutural preliminar proposta para a substância CP4............... 89 Figura 5: Variação do teor dos flavonóides majoritários em Cecropia glaziovii ... 90 1 Figura 6: Espectro de RMN H da substância CP1 em DMSO-d6......................... 105 1 Figura 7: Espectro de RMN H ampliado da substância CP1 em DMSO-d6......... 106 1 Figura 8: Espectro de RMN H ampliado da substância CP1 em DMSO-d6......... 107 1 Figura 9: Espectro de RMN H da substância CP2 em DMSO-d6......................... 108 1 Figura 10: Espectro de RMN H ampliado da substância CP2 em DMSO-d6....... 109 1 Figura 11: Espectro de RMN H ampliado da substância CP2 em DMSO-d6....... 110 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1: Máximos de absorção e deslocamentos nos espectros UV da substância CP4 ........................................................................................................ 87 Tabela 2: Máximos de absorção e deslocamentos nos espectros UV de flavonóides relatados para o gênero Cecropia ......................................................... 88 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS 1H RMN: Ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio ACN: acetonitrila AcOEt: acetato de etila CCD: Cromatografia em camada delgada CLAE: Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência CLAE-DAD: Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção ultravioleta por arranjo de diodos. DMSO: dimetilsulfóxido EtOH: etanol HCOOH: ácido fórmico HOCH 3CO: ácido acético HSV-1: vírus herpético simples tipo 1 HSV-2: vírus herpético simples tipo 2 IV: Infravermelho MeOH: metanol NaOAc: acetato de sódio NaOH: hidróxido de sódio NaOMe: metóxido de sódio NP: reagente natural - difenilboriloxyetilamina 1% em metanol. PEG: solução alcoólica de polietilenoglicol 4000 (5%) UV: Ultravioleta RESUMO RESUMO O gênero Cecropia (Urticaceae) consiste de cerca de 60 espécies distribuídas por toda América Latina, sendo a maioria de ocorrência no Brasil. Dentre as espécies deste gênero, C. glaziovii Sneth. e C. pachystachya Trécul. são as de maior ocorrência na região Sul e Sudeste do país, em especial na zona da Mata Atlântica, sendo conhecidas popularmente como ‘embaúba’ e amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular para o tratamento da tosse, asma, bronquite, pressão alta, inflamação, problemas cardíacos e como diuréticas. Os quatro compostos fenólicos majoritários presentes nos extratos aquosos de C. glaziovii e C. pachystachya foram identificados e quantificados por metodologia desenvolvida e validada por CLAE, sendo que os teores encontrados para C. glaziovii foram, em mg/g de planta seca: ácido clorogênico: 1,8; isoorientina: 0,4; orientina: 0,1; isovitexina: 0,9; e para
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