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Memoirs of the Queensland Museum (ISSN 0079-8835)

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Memoirs of the Queensland Museum (ISSN 0079-8835) VOLUME 51 PART 2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM BRISBANE 31 DECEMBER 2005 © Queensland Museum PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Director. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/resources/resourcewelcome.html A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum A NEW SPECIES OF SPINY-TAILED GECKO (SQUAMATA: DIPLODACTYLIDAE: STROPHURUS) FROM INLAND QUEENSLAND ROSS A. SADLIER, DENIS O’MEALLY AND GLENN M. SHEA Sadlier, R.A., O’Meally, D. & Shea, G.M. 2005 12 01: A new species of Spiny-tailed gecko (Squamata: Diplodactylidae: Strophurus) from inland Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51(2): 573-582. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. A Spiny-tailed gecko, Strophurus krisalys sp. nov., is described from inland areas of Queensland and coastal and near coastal areas in the Gulf of Carpentaria. It has blue mouth colour, enlarged spines above the eye, and parallel rows of enlarged, and uniformly coloured tail spines. In these characteristics it is most similar in morphology to Strophurus wellingtonae from inland areas of southern Western Australia, but genetically most similar to the eastern Australian Strophurus williamsi. In the north and southeast margins of its range Strophurus krisalys is parapatric in distribution with two morphologically different populations of Strophurus ciliaris. The new species is arboreal so clearing of native woody vegetation is likely to result in loss and overall fragmentation of populations. ! Strophurus, Gekkonidae, Queensland, spiny-tail, gecko. Ross Sadlier & Denis O’Meally, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney 2010, NSW, Australia; Glenn M. Shea, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW; 11 July 2005. Strophurus is a morphologically diverse Qld; and ‘population 8’ from inland southern lineage of Australian geckos diagnosed primarily WA. Kluge did not record the species from NSW, by a character previously considered unique although it has since been reported from the within reptiles: tail glands which produce a northwest of the state (Swan et al., 2004), and the viscous substance that is extruded through small NSW material agrees with Kluge's ‘population 7’ rupture sites located on the dorsal surface of the (pers. obs.), and closes the gap between the Qld tail (Greer, 1989). Extrusion of glandular material referable to ‘population 7’ and Kluge’s secretions from the tail has been reported in the ‘population 4’ in northeast SA. New Caledonian gecko Eurydactylodes (Böhme Storr (1988) reviewed D. ciliaris in WA and & Sering, 1997), but the mechanism is recognised three of Kluge's ‘populations’ and a structurally different and independently evolved. putative hybrid zone in the west of the continent Greer (1989) identified a small monophyletic as species and subspecies: ‘population 8’ was species group within Strophurus on the basis of described as Diplodactylus wellingtonae;the small size and lack of femoral pores. The hybrid zone between ‘population 5’ and S. remaining species he regarded as highly intermedius as D. assimilis; and ‘population 1’ divergent in morphology, particularly in and ‘population 5’ as D. ciliaris ciliaris and D. scalation, with varying patterns of enlargement ciliaris aberrans respectively. of the ciliary, dorsal, and tail scales, forming The status of S. ciliaris outside of WA has not elongate spines in the most extreme cases. been reviewed since Kluge (1967). We focus on Molecular studies (Melville et al., 2004) the population of Strophurus formerly identified identified these as a monophyletic group as ‘population 6’ (Kluge, 1967) from Qld using containing several discrete clades. both morphological and genetic data, and Kluge (1967) reviewed the status of S. ciliaris described here as S. krisalys sp. nov. (as Diplodactylus ciliaris), identifying eight discrete and largely allopatric forms distributed MATERIALS AND METHODS through inland and northern Australia. Kluge Specimen abbreviations: Specimen abbreviations identified five populations of S. ciliaris with are prefixed as follows: Australian Museum, unicoloured tail spines: ‘population 3’ from Sydney (AMS); Queensland Museum, Brisbane southern NT and northern SA; ‘population 4’ (QM); Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM); from central northern SA; ‘population 6’ from South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAM); and inland central Qld; ‘population 7’from southwest Northern Territory Museum, Darwin (NTM). 574 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS. The main longitudinal rows of caudal spines, counts taken at diagnostic characters used are features of tail mid-tail length at row posterior to that bordering scalation, and the description and table are based on anterior edge of caudal spine; outercaudals - individuals with complete tails that could be scored number of scales in a transverse line across the for these characters. On these specimens the underside of the tail between longitudinal rows of morphological characters listed below were scored caudal spines, counts taken at mid-tail length at row where possible (bilateral scalation characters were posterior to that bordering anterior edge of caudal scored on both sides and the mean value used). spine; intracaudals - number of scales between (but Measurements: snout to vent length (SVL) - tip of not including the caudal spines of same snout to anterior margin of vent; head length – tip of longitudinal row, counts taken from caudal spine at snout to posterior extreme of lower jaw, expressed mid-tail length to next spine immediately posterior; as a percentage of snout to vent length; head width – preanal pores – external openings of preanal glands width of jaw measured at labials below mid-orbit, in scales anterior to the vent, and are given as expressed as a percentage of head length; snout separate values for the left and right sides, counts length – tip of snout to anterior edge of orbit, are for males only; interpore scale – number of expressed as a percentage of head length; hindlimb scales interrupting the preanal pore series on length – groin from apex of crease to tip of fourth midline. toe, excluding claw, expressed as a percentage of snout to vent length; tail length - measured from DNA EXTRACTION AND SEQUENCING. posterior margin of vent to tip of tail, on complete Samples of those taxa identified as being original tails only, expressed as a percentage of morphologically similar to the new species were snout to vent length. (S. ciliaris ‘population 7’ and S. wellingtonae) were included in the genetic analysis using Scalation: rostral crease – mid-dorsal groove mitochondrial DNA sequences. This comparison either partially or completely dividing rostral scale was extended to include other populations (enlarged scale covering tip of snout), length of currently included under S. ciliaris, and species groove relative to total height of rostral scale; nasal from adjacent regions (Strophurus williamsi) that – number of enlarged scales separating rostral from might have affinities with, or be confused with, anterior margin of nostril; supranasal – number of the new species. An individual of Oedura tryoni enlarged scales bordering superior margin of was selected as the outgroup for other nostril; postnasal – number of scales bordering diplodactyline taxa. posterior margin of nostril; internasal – number of scales between right and left anterior nasals, DNA was extracted from frozen or immediately posterior to rostral; upper labials – ethanol-fixed tissue samples using a modified number of enlarged scales bordering upper margin protocol of Saghai-Maroof et al. 1984). About of lip, from rostral to immediately below 0.2g of tissue was placed in 600mL2´ C-TAB mid-orbital level; snout scales – number of scales in buffer (100mM Tris; 1.4M NaCl; 20mM EDTA; a longitudinal row from centre of skull at mid-orbit 2% hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to (and including) scale adjacent to rostral (C-TAB); and 2% 2-b-mercaptoethanol). For all (internasal); interorbitals – number of scales in samples, 20mL of Proteinase K (20mg/mL) transverse row across the skull between enlarged (Amresco) was added and the samples ciliaries at mid-orbit; supraciliary – number of homogenised in microfuge tubes with a plastic enlarged spinose scales projecting beyond margin pestle. After an overnight incubation at 37oCor of dorsal eyelid at its posterior margin; apical plates two to three hours at 65oC, one volume of – the enlarged scales covering terminal underside of phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (24:24:1 digit; fourth finger and toe lamellae – number of v/v/v) (Sigma) was added, the tubes mixed by scales comprising much enlarged transverse scales inversion and centrifuged at maximum speed for on underside of digits (Kluge’s secondaries) two minutes in an Eppendorf 5154D microfuge. proximal to apical plates, and number of elliptical The upper aqueous layer was removed to a fresh or round scales (in pairs) proximal to enlarged tube containing
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