11Th-History-23-Marks-Study-Material

Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

1. What are the sources for the study of pre-historic period? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Archaeologicalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org sites, geologicalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org sediments, animalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org bones. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  fossils,stone tools, bone tools, rock paintings andartefacts.

2. How is the Old Stone Age or Palaeolithic Period divided? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Lowerwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Palaeolithic culturewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Middle Palaeolithic culture  Upper Palaeolithic culture. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org3. Write awww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgshort note on hominin.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Hominin is immediate ancestor of Homo Sapiens.  Unlike Africa, evidence of hominin fossil is rare in India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org4. Definewww.Padasalai.Org Mesolithicwww.Padasalai.Org culture. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The date of the Mesolithic culture varies indifferent parts of the world.  This Mesolithic cultures appeared around 10,000 BCE in India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 5. How is the Harappan culture divided into various phases?  Early Harappan 3000–2600 BCE  Mature Harappan 2600–1900 BCE www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Latewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Harappan 1900–1700www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org BCE www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

6. Write a short note on The Great Bath.  The Great Bath is a tank situated within a courtyard. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Orgrewww.Padasalai.Org were corridors withwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org stairs on all four sides.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

7. Mention the reasons for the decline of Indus Civilisation.  Decline of the trade withPadasalai Padasalaithe Mesopotamia, the drying of the river. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Invasions,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org floods and shiftingwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of the river course.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

8.List out the literature of Vedic Age.  Rig, Yajur, Samaand Atharva. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Brahmanaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org, aranyakas,andwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgupanishads. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

9.Write about the ZendAvesta.  The ZendAvestais a Persian/Iranian text of Zoroastrianism. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org It haswww.Padasalai.Org references to the regionswww.Padasalai.Org of northern and www.Padasalai.Orgnorth-western parts www.Padasalai.Org of India.

10. Highlight the position of women in the Early Vedic Age. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Women had a respectable position.  Women attended assemblies and offered sacrifices. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org11. Who www.Padasalai.Orgwerewww.Padasalai.Org the Rig Vedic Gods?www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Indra was the most important god and he was called Purandara.  Surya was a god who removed darkness.  Ushaswas the goddess of dawn. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 12. What do you know of the Iron Age in India?  The Iron Age in North India was coeval with Painted Greyware Culture. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org In Southwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org India it was associatedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org with Megalithicwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org burial mounds. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

13. Write the tripitakas that serve as the source for our study.  VinayaPitakadeals with monastic rules and moral disciplines. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org SuttaPitakawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwhich containswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org teachings of Buddha.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  AbhidhammaPitakaexpounds Buddhist philosophy.

14. What do you know about Carvaka? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Indianwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org materialism has alsowww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org been named asCarvaka.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Carvakas developed the concept of scepticism.

15. Explain the core of Mahavir’s teachings. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgcentral tenet of Jainismwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org is non-violence. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Jainism denies the existence of God.  Triratnas or Three Gems:Right faith, Right knowledge,Right conduct. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 16. Distinguish the difference between janapadas and mahajanapadas.  Janapadaliterally meant ‘the place where the tribe sets its foot upon.’  The mahajanapadasrepresentedPadasalaiPadasalai the emergence of territorial www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgkingdomswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org that ruled overwww.Padasalai.Org peoplewww.Padasalai.Org (jana). www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

17. Write the importance of Nagapattinam in the Buddhist history of Tamilnadu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Pallavawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org king NarasimhavarmanIIwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org built a Buddhistwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org temple www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org inNagapattinam.  Srivijaya King built a Buddhist temple in Nagapattinam(Soolamani- varma-vihara). www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org 18. How did Bimbisara extend the territory of Magadhan Empire?  He extended the territory of Magadhan Empire by matrimonial alliances andConquests. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He receivedKasi as dowry, but annexed Angaby military might.

M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

19. Write a note on Mahapadma Nanda. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgfirst Nanda ruler waswww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgMahapadma. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He usurped the throne by murdering the last of the Shishunaga kings. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org20. Whatwww.Padasalai.Org madewww.Padasalai.Org Alexander the Greatwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to restore the thronewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Porus ? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Alexandergot impressed by the Porus’s dignity.  So Alexander restored his throne on the condition of accepting his suzerainty. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 21. What are the features of a centralised state?  A new administrative framework to govern an extensive territory.  A system of revenue administration had to be developed. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 22. Give a brief note on the literary sources for the study of Mauryan state.  Mahavamsa,Brahmanas, Mudrarakshasa, Arthasastra, Indica. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org23. In whatwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ways did the invasionwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Alexander makewww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org watershed in Indianwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org history?  Greek historians began to write about India.  Greek governors and kings ruled in the north-western region of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgIndia.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

24. Explain Barter System.  Raw materials for the production were not available everywhere. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org So www.Padasalai.OrgPreciouswww.Padasalai.Org and semi-preciouswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org stones were exchangedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org for other www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org commodities.

25. What do you know from MaduraiPadasalaiPadasalai Kanchi? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Maduraikanchiwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgspeaks aboutwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org day markets as wellwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org as and night www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org markets.  Maduraikanchirefers to mudukudumiPeruvazhuthi and Nedunchezhiyan. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 26. What did Hiuen Tsang see in Kanchipuram?  Hiuen-Tsang visited one hundred Buddhist monasteries at kanchipuram. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org He alsowww.Padasalai.Org visited 10,000 priestswww.Padasalai.Org belonging to the Mahayanawww.Padasalai.Org school. www.Padasalai.Org

27. Identify AdukotpattuCheralathan.  He was one of the king of Cheras of the Sangam age. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He was son of the Neduncheralathan.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

28.What led to the integration of India with the Mediterranean world, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgCentral Asiawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and China? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Invasion of the IndoGreeks, Sakas and Kushanas from Westand Central Asia.  The integrationof India with the Mediterranean world andCentral www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgAsiawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and China through www.Padasalai.Orgextendedtradewww.Padasalai.Org linkageswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

29. What was the result of the war between Chandragupta and SeleucusNicator? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Chandraguptawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org madea peacewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org treaty with Seleucus.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Megasthenes was sentto the Pataliputra as theGreek ambassador.

30. What is meant by the term Yavana? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgword wasderived fromwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the Persian word yaunawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  In India theterm yavana was used to denote all personsof Greek origin. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org31. “Menanderwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org is said to have ruledwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org a large kingdomwww.Padasalai.Org inwww.Padasalai.Org the North West of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the country.” Elaborate.  Menander was thebest known of the Indo-Greek kings.  His coins havebeen found over an extensive area rangingfrom the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgvalleyswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of the Kabul and www.Padasalai.OrgIndusriverswww.Padasalai.Org to as far aswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org western Uttar www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Pradesh.

32. Write a short note on “Kshatraps”. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgSakas appointed kshatrapaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org provincial governorswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to administerwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org their territories.  One of the most famous in the SakakshatrapaswasRudradaman. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org33. Makewww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org list of the following:www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgItems exported to Rome;www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Items imported www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org into India from Rome.  Imported from Rome: coin, topaz, antimony,coral, crude glass, copper, tin and lead andwine. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Exportedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to Rome:pepper,pearls,ivory,silkcloth,diamondswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org tortoiseshell

34. Explain the contribution merchants to the expanding trade and www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgcommerce.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  Merchants became more visibleand important as trade grew.  Merchantswere also involved in overseas and overland trade. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 35. Write down the names of Gupta rulers in chronological order until Skanda Gupta. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 1. Sri Gupta, 2.Ghatotkacha, 3. Chandragupta – I, 4.Samudragupta, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 5.Chandraguptawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org II,6. Kumarawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Gupta I7. Skandawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Gupta. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

36. What do you know of Huns?  The Huns were a barbarian tribes living near Caspian sea. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Onewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgbranchof Hunsmovedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org towards India fromwww.Padasalai.Org Centralwww.Padasalai.Org Asia. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

37. Attempt a brief account of Fahien on Mathura.  At Mathura, the people are numerous and happy. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Theywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org do nothave to registerwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org their household. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

38. List down the Buddhist scholars along with their literary works.  Arya Deva and AryaAsanga ofthe Gupta period are the most www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgnotablewriters.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The first regular Buddhist workon logic was written by Vasubandhu. 39. Discuss the importance of Allahabad Pillar Inscription.  Allahabad Pillar inscription describesSamudragupta’s www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgachievements.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  It was Composedby Harisena. 40. What are the epigraphical sources for the study of Harsha's Empire?  Madhuban copper plate inscription. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Sonpatwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org inscription on copperwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org seal. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Banskhera copper plate inscription.  Nalanda inscription on clay Seals. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org41. How didwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Harsha become thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgking of Kanauj? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The magnates of Kanauj invited Harsha to ascendthe throne.  Harsha acceptedthe throne on the advice of AvalokitesvaraBodhisatva.PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 42. Discuss the greatness of Mahipala I.  Pala dynasty were revived by Mahipala I.  Theadvance of the Cholas beyond the Gangeswas checked by www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgMahipalawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org I. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

43. Point out the significance of the battle of Takkolam.  KrishnaIIIdefeated the Chola army in the battle of Takkolam. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org He marchedwww.Padasalai.Org uptoRameshvaramwww.Padasalai.Organd built a pillarwww.Padasalai.Org of victory. www.Padasalai.Org

44. Highlight the significance of Nalanda University during the Pala dynasty. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Nalanda continued to flourishas the chief seat of Buddhist learning.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Nalandauniversity played a major roll on the progress of Buddhist, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgJainwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Organd Sanskrit literature.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

45. What do you know of the battle of Sripurambiyam?  Pallava’sdefeated the Pandyas at the battle ofSripurambiyam. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org WesternGangaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Cholaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org were the support towww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org pallava’s in this www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org battle.

46. Attempt a brief account of Aihole Inscription. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thiswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org inscription is a prashastiofwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Pulikesin II. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Aihole Inscription was composed by Ravikriti.

47. Identify two important literary works in Kannada of Chalukyas’ time . www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kavirajamargawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org, Vikramarjunawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org-vijayam, Pampawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org-bharata, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

48. Point out the contribution of Ramanujar in making Vaishnavism more inclusive. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Ramanujawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org took interest inwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org propagatingthe doctrinewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Bhakti to www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org social groupsoutside the varnashrama system.  He challenged the monist ideology of AdiSankara. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org49. Mahmudwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org becoming the rulerwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Ghazni. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Mahmud ascended the throne of Ghazni, afterdefeating Ismail in a battle.  Caliphacknowledged his accession by conferringupon him the title www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgYaminiwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org-ud-Daulahlah. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

50. Scholars patronized by Mahmud of Ghazni.  Alberuni ,Ferdowsi, Uthbi,PadasalaiPadasalai Ansari. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 51. Important ruling Rajput dynasties of Northern India during the Turkish invasion.  Tomaras (Delhi),Chauhans (Rajasthan),Solankis (Gujarat), www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Paramaraswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org (Malwa),Gahadavalaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org (Kanauj) andwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Chandelas(Bundelkhand)

52. Forty System. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Iltutmishwww.Padasalai.Org organized a Corpswww.Padasalai.Org ofForty. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  Balbanabolished the Corps of Forty.

53. Musical instruments brought by Muslim musicians. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Rababand Sarangi.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

54. What are the quasi-historical literary works of the Cholas? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kalingattupparani,KulotungancholanPillaiTamizh.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Muvarula, and KambaRamayanam.

55. Why was the Cholamandalam called “MummudiCholamandalam”? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgCholas ventured overseasconqueringwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the northwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org-eastern parts ofwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org sriLanka.  This part of srilanka wascalled Mummudi-Cholamandalam. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org56. Whatwww.Padasalai.Org werewww.Padasalai.Org the titles assumedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org by Rajendra I? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  MudikondaCholan, Gangaikondan,  Kadaramkondan,PanditaCholan. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org57. List thewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org various units of thewww.Padasalai.Org landwww.Padasalai.Org measurement. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  kuli,ma, veli, patti, padagam, etc.

58. Name the canals constructed and named after Chola kings, queens and www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orggods. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Uttamacholavaykkal,Panca-vanamadevi-vaykkal,  Ganavathy-vaykkal. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org59. Writewww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org short note on Sangam,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the Tamil academy.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The term Sangam, means an academy.  Theterm Sangam occurs in IraiyanarAkapporul. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org60. Whatwww.Padasalai.Org werewww.Padasalai.Org the results of Malikwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kafur’s invasion www.Padasalai.Orgofwww.Padasalai.Org Pandyan kingdom?www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  ThePandyan kingdom came to be divided inthe Pandya’s family.  In Madurai, Sultanian Rule was established. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgVOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org - II www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

1. What are the archaeological sources to know about the Vijayanagar Kingdom? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Temples,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org palaces, forts, mosques,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org etc. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Thousands of inscriptions in Kannada, Tamil, and Telugu.

2. Name the founders of city of Vijayanagar. How did it get its name? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hariharawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Bukka’s werewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Founders of the Vijayanagarwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Empire. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The capital was expanded and renamed Vijayanagara, the ‘’city of Victory’’. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org3. Mentionwww.Padasalai.Org the three areas wherewww.Padasalai.Org there was a clash of www.Padasalai.Orginterest between the www.Padasalai.Org Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 The contest for territory. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Tribute.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The control of horse trade.

4. Write a note on “tarafs”. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Bahmanwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Shah divided thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgkingdom into four territorialwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org divisions www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org called tarafs.  Each divisions Was under a governor. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org5. What dowww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org you know about Mohammedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org I? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Mohammed I succeeded Bahman Shah.  He built two mosques at Gulbarga. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org6. Highlightwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the services renderedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org by Ramanujar forwww.Padasalai.Org Bhaktiwww.Padasalai.Org cult ? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Ramanuja’s Philosophy known anvisistadvaita.  He converted the Devotional Movement to philosophical ideology. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org7. What dowww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org you know about thewww.Padasalai.Org contributionwww.Padasalai.Org of Ravidaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to the Bhakti www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org movement?  Ravidas was a poet saint of the bhakti movement.  Ravidas spoke against social divisions of caste and gender, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 8. What were Ramananda’s teachings?  Ramananda introduced radical changes in Vaishnavism.  He preached equality before God. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org9. Mirabai’swww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org songs and lyrics constitutewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org a rich culturalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org heritage - Explain. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  Mirabai preached the path of love on God.  His divine grace on the groundPadasalaiPadasalai of birth, poverty, age and sex. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org10. Whatwww.Padasalai.Org werewww.Padasalai.Org the two differentwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgattitudes of the Hinduwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org saints towards www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Islam?  There was considerable hostility to the new religion.  Internal reforms were made in Hinduism, in order to face the new www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgchallenges.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org

11. What prompted Babur to invade India?  The race for political supremacy in Central Asia. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Baburwww.Padasalai.Org received an embassywww.Padasalai.Org from Daulat Khan Lodi.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org

12. How did Akbar deal with Bairam Khan? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Akbar,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org was dissatisfied withwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Bairam Khan’s behaviowww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgur. So he issuedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org a farmandismissing. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 This led to Bairam Khan’s revolt against Akbar, which was well www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgtackledwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org by him. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

13. Write a short note on a) William Hawkins b) Sir Thomas Roe.  William Hawkins became a British ambassador during Jahangir’s www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgregin.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He could not get permission for establishing an English factory in India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Sirwww.Padasalai.Org Thomaswww.Padasalai.Org Roe sent by Kingwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org James I as an ambassador.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He succeeded in securing permission to establish a British factory at Surat. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org14. NurJahanwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org was the power behindwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the throne duringwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Jahangir’s reign – www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Explain.  Jahangir was more interested in art and painting and gardens and flowers, than in Ruling his country. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org So www.Padasalai.Orghiswww.Padasalai.Org wife Nur-Jahan becamewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the real power behindwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the throne. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

15. Which is called the epitome of Mughal architecture? Explain its structure. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org TajMahal,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org is the epitomewww.Padasalai.Org ofwww.Padasalai.Org Mughal architecture.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The complex - main gateway, garden, mosque and mausoleum were conceived and designed as a unified entity. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org16. Whatwww.Padasalai.Org werewww.Padasalai.Org the three majorwww.Padasalai.Org uprisingswww.Padasalai.Org against Aurangzebwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org in the North?www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  The Jat rebellion. The Satnamis rebellion.  The Sikhs rebellion. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org17. Writewww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org note on a) Sikhism www.Padasalai.Orgb)www.Padasalai.Org Sufism. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Sikhism is one of the recognised religions of the world.  Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak.  Sufism had its origin in Iran. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Sufism was accepted by the orthodox Muslims.

18. How did the Bhakti Saints become popular among the masses?  They were critical of rituals, and criticised the caste system. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They followed the language of the common people. 19. Describe the development of Tamil language and literature during the Mughal period. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org KumaragurupararcomposedMeenakshiammaiPillaiwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Tamil and www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org NeethineriVilakkam.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Thayumanavarcomposedsanmarga. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 20. “The Mughals achieved international recognition in the field of painting” – Elucidate.  Mughal miniatures played an important role in the museums of all www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgoverwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the world. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Abdu’s Samad and Mir Sayyid Ali are masters of the miniature painting. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org21.Write www.Padasalai.Orgawww.Padasalai.Org note on the conflict www.Padasalai.Orgbetweenwww.Padasalai.Org Shivaji and Afzalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Khan. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Afzal Khan was sent with a huge army to attack Shivaji.  He planned to trick Shivaji but he was outwitted. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 22. What were the terms of the treaty of Purandhar?  Shivaji yielded the fortresses that he had captured.  He agreed to serve as a mansabdar. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org23. Writewww.Padasalai.Org aboutwww.Padasalai.Org Tara Bai. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  She is wife of the Maratha Ruler Rajaram.  During the civil war Tara Bai was defeated by Sahu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org24. Writewww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org note on a) Chauth b)www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Sardeshmukhi www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Chauthwas one-fourth of the revenue of the district conquered by the Marthas.  Sardeshmukhiwas an additional 10% of the revenue. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Shivaji collected this tax with his virtues position as Sardeshmukh.

25. Point out the Provicion of thePadasalaiPadasalai Treaty of Basslin www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgtreaty ofBassein waswww.Padasalai.Org signedwww.Padasalai.Org in 1802. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The territory to be ceaded should fetch an income of Rs. 26 Lakhs.

26. What marked the climax of the Maratha military might? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgPeshwa’s commanderwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org under SadasivaRaowww.Padasalai.Org wonwww.Padasalai.Org the battle of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Udgir.  As a result thePeshwa took over Bijapur, Aurangabad, Dulatabad, Ahmadnagar and Burhanpur. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 27. Mention the terms of the treaty signed in 1817 between the British and the Peshwa.  The Peshwa resigned the headship of the Maratha confederacy. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Peshwa Ceded Konkan to the British.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

28. Write a note on SaraswatiMahal Library. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgSaraswatiMahallibrary,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org was built by the Nayakwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org rulers. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  It was enriched by Serfoji II.  It is a treasure house of rare manuscripts and books in many languages www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 29. In what aspect was Serfoji II in advance of both the missionaries and the colonial state?  He had established the first modern public school for non-Christian www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgnatives.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Included were schools for all levels, charity schools, colleges and padashalas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org30. Whatwww.Padasalai.Org dowww.Padasalai.Org you know about KanhojiAngira?www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  KanhojiAngre was the most powerful naval chief on the western coast. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Duringwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the civil war Kanhojiwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org had supported Tarabai.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

31. Why were the Nayak kingdoms setup? What were they?  Madurai, Thanjavur and Senji. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgobjective was to providewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org financial and manpowerwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org resources to www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the empire.

32.How did the English establish their settlement at Madras? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The English got a piece of land from the local chief, DamarlaVenkatadriNayak.  Where they built Fort St.PadasalaiPadasalai George in 1639. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 33. Write a note on craft manufacture.  Luxury crafts, like metalwork were urban based.  Weaving was mostly done in rural areas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 34. What do you know of shroffs and hundis?  Money-changers were called shroffs.  Bills of exchange, known as hundis www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 35. Name the first Portuguese viceroy in India. Explain his policy.  Francisco d’ Almeida. He followed ‘Blue Water Policy,’  He added more ships to strengthen the navy. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

36. What is meant by Cartaz system? M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Under the cartazsystem, the Portuguese exacted money from the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgtraders.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They protected traders against the piracy.

37. Name the Dutch colonial forts and possessions in India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org In Pulicatwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the Dutch builtwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgthe Castle Geldria. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Nagapattinam, Punnakayal, Porto Novo, Cuddaloreand Devanampatinam. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org38. Whatwww.Padasalai.Org iswww.Padasalai.Org a factory? List out www.Padasalai.Orgthewww.Padasalai.Org European factorieswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org established. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Commercial agents, resided to transact business for their employers abroad. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgEnglish east india company,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org The French eastwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org india company, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org The Dutch east india company, The Danish east india company.

39. What were the causes for the outbreak of the First Carnatic War. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgAustrian War of Successionwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org is the main Reasonwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org for the First www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Carnatic War.  The war was fought between Britain and France in Europe.  It’s also led to clashes between these two countries over India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

40. Name the treaty signed in 1765. What were its terms?  Treaty of Allahabad. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org By www.Padasalai.Orgthiswww.Padasalai.Org treaty the Companywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org got the Diwani rightwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to collect land www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org revenue from Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

41. The Regulating Act, 1773. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgcourt of Directors informingwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org all revenue transactionswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Company servants to the British Treasury.  The Governor ,Commander-in-Chief and two counsellors sat as a Board of Revenue. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 42. Governor Thomas Munro.  He was The Governor of Madras Presidency in 1820. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org officiallywww.Padasalai.Org enforced thewww.Padasalai.Org Ryotwariwww.Padasalai.Org System in Madras.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

43. Distinction between ‘Presidency’ and ‘Province’. Presidency Province www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

The British called Presidency the The Presidency became unwieldy for www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgplace wherewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the office of Chief www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orggovernance, theywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org created provinces.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Administrative Head was situated.

44. “The biggest contribution of Cornwallis was in the field of civil www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org services” – Explain.  Cornwallis provided scope for employing capable and honest public servants. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org appointedwww.Padasalai.Org people solelywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org on merit. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

45. Write a note on irrigation development under the British.  Arthur Cotton built a dam across the Kollidam. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Builtwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org a dam across the Krishnawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org river. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

46. Write a note on Dacca Muslin.  Dacca muslin was made from silk like cotton. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  It was produced largely in Bengal.

47. “Drain of wealth impoverished India” – How? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Incentivewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to the shareholderswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of the Company.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Pensions to those who retired from civil and military services.

48. Write a note on the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Srirangapatnam www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org(1792) imposedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org on Tipu Sultan.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Tipu was to give up half of his dominions.  pay three crores of rupeesPadasalaiPadasalai as indemnity www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 49. What do of “Pagoda”?  Pagoda was a gold coin of Vijayanagar descent. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org It waswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org called varagan in www.Padasalai.OrgTamil.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

50. What is the revolt of TheeranChinnamalai of Kongu region?  TheeranChinnamalaiwas trained by the French and Tipu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Three of his battles are important: Battles of Cauvery banks, battle, OdanilaiandArachalur. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org51. Explainwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Sail Rakab. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  BirsaMunda led a revolt in the Chotta Nagpur region.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 BritishersMurdered the women of munda community at Sail Rakab, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orginorderwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to threaten them.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

52. Kanpur Massacre.  In Kanpur Nana Sahib led the rebels. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Aboutwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 125 English womenwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and their children www.Padasalai.Orgalongwww.Padasalai.Org with English www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org officers were killed. It was called Kanpur massacre.

53. What are the contributions of Raja Rammohun Roy to social reform? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org denouncedwww.Padasalai.Org polytheism,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org idol worship. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He condemned the caste system, and practice of sati.

54.What role did JyotibaPhule play for social justice ? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  JyotibaPhule waged a life-long struggle against upper caste tyranny.  He started schools for the "untouchables" . www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org55. Whywww.Padasalai.Org waswww.Padasalai.Org the Shuddi Movementwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org considered a revivalistwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org movement ? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Dayananda’sShuddi movement that is conversion of non-Hindus to Hindus.  It provoked controversies especially with the Ahmadiya movement. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

56. Describe the contribution of SNDP Yogam.  Right of admission to public schools and recruitment to government www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgservices.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Access to roads and entry to temples and political representation.

57. What do you know about RamalingaAdigal?PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org establishedwww.Padasalai.Org the Sathyawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Dharma Salai at Vadalur.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  RamalingaSwamigal’s poems expressed radical ideas.  He founded the SathyaGnanaSabhai to organize his followers. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

VOLUME - I 1. Write a note on Acheulian and Sohanian industries. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Acheulianwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org industry mainlywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org had hand axes and www.Padasalai.Orgcleavers.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The Sohan industry is considered to have used only chopper and chopping tools.  The Sohan industry gets its name from the Sohan river valley of www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgPakistan.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

2. What are the main features of Indian Middle Palaeolithic age? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgtools became smaller.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The decrease in the use of hand axes in relation to other tools.  Use of core preparation techniques in stone tool production. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org3. Mentionwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the Mesolithic sites www.Padasalai.Orginwww.Padasalai.Org India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Paisra , Langhnaj ,  ChopaniMando, SaraiNaharRai, Mahadaha and Damdama in U.P,  Sankanakallu ,Kibbanahalli . www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 4. Explain the distinct features of the Mesolithic cultures.  The Mesolithic people lived in temporary settlements.  They occupied caves and open grounds. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Theywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org buried the dead. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They had artistic skill.

5. What are the border settlements of the Indus civilisation? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Westwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org :Sutkagen-dor Pakistanwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org–Iran border. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  East :Shortugai (Afghanistan ).  North :Alamgirpur (Uttar Pradesh).  South :Daimabad (Maharashtra). www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 6. Write a short note on the craft production of Harappan economy.  Bead andornament making, shell bangle makingand metalworking were the major crafts. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgbeads were made in www.Padasalai.Orginnumerablewww.Padasalai.Org designs andwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org decorations. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They were exported to Mesopotamia.

7. What do you know about thePadasalaiPadasalai faith and belief system of the Harappans? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgIndus people worshippedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org nature. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They worshipped the pipaltree.  Fire altars have been identified atKalibangan. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Theywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org buried the dead. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

8. Briefly describe the Chalcolithic culture of South India.  South india does not have fullfledgedchalcolithic culture. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Stone tools continued to be used in thisarea.  Black on red ware pottery is found. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org9. List outwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgthe geographical areaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Early Vedic Age.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The earlyAryans lived in the area of easternAfghanistan,  Pakistan, Punjab M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Fringesof Western Uttar Pradesh. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 10. Highlight the social divisions in the Rig Vedic period.  The Dasas andDasyus were conquered and treated as slaves.  Social classes were classified as warriors, priests and common people. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Sudraswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org as a category of peoplewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org appeared at thewww.Padasalai.Org endwww.Padasalai.Org of the Rig Vedic www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org period.

11. Analyse the characteristics of a pastoral society. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Cattlewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org rearing was an importantwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org economic activitywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org for the Aryans. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Cattle were considered wealth.  There was no private property in land. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org12. Distinguishwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org between the earlywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Vedic society and thewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org later Vedic society.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Vedic society was largely The system of four Varnas had taken egalitarian initially. Deep root Sudras as a category of people Some social groups were placed www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgappearedwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgat the end of the Rigwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgin ranking evenwww.Padasalai.Org belowwww.Padasalai.Org the Sudras. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Vedic period. Women had a respectable Daughters are spoken of as a source position. of trouble www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 13. Write a note on the use of iron in clearing the forest critically.  Iron played a significant role in the clearing of the forest.  Iron ploughshares improved agricultural productivity. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Ironwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org also played a big rolewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org in improving craft productionwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

14. Analyse the factors responsible for the rise of towns and cities in the Ganges Plains. Padasalai www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Padasalaiwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Agriculturalwww.Padasalai.Org surplus, www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  Growth of crafts  Trade  Growing population. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

15. Mention some of the rising towns and cities in the aftermath of second urbanization. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Politicalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and administrativewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org centres such as Rajgriha,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Shravasti, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kaushambi and Champa  Centres of trade and commerce such as Ujjain and Taxila  Holy centres such as Vaishali. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 16. Identify the heterodox thinkers of fifth and sixth century BCE.  Gosala, PakudhaKachchayana, M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Gautama Buddha,PuranaKassapa, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Mahavira,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Nanda Vacchawww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  AjitaKesakambalin, KisaSamkicca.

17. Point out the influence of Jainism in Tamilnadu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Naladiyarwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org, Palamoli, JivakaChinthamaniwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org,YapperunkalamKarikaiwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Neelakesiare some of the prominent Jaina works in Tamil.  A JainaDravidaSangha was established in Madurai by Vajranandi.  Jaina rock shelters are found in large numbers around Madurai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Organdwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgother places. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

18. Mention the urban features revealed by archaeological findings.  Archaeology is particularlyimportant because excavations reveal www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgthe www.Padasalai.Orgnaturewww.Padasalai.Org of urban morphology.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  It’s provide layout of the city and construction ofbuildings.  They also provide concrete information about the material culture of people in the past. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 19. Explain the features of the monarchies or kingdoms on the Gangetic plains.  Minor states and federations of clans were merged through conquests www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgto createwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org an empire duringwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org this period. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  A large state, ruled by a chakravartinor ekarat.  The rise of a centralised empire in the Gangetic plains of present-day Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 20. Highlight the impact of the invasion of Alexander the Great on India.  Trade routes opened up with the West.  Establishing direct contactPadasalaiPadasalai between India and Greece. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Manywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Greek settlementswww.Padasalai.Org werewww.Padasalai.Org established in thewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org northwest of India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

21. What do you know of Ashoka’s campaign against Kalinga? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org A www.Padasalai.Orgpunitivewww.Padasalai.Org war against Kalinga,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org which had brokenwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org away from the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Magadha Empire.  This is the only recorded military expedition of the Mauryas.  The number of those killed in battle, those who died subsequently, www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Organdthosewww.Padasalai.Org deported ran intowww.Padasalai.Org tens of thousands.. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org

22. Discuss the extensive trade on textiles carried on during the Mauryan period. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Clothes of all kinds for higher and lower class peoples were manufactured. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 The Arthasastrarefers to the regions producing specialised textiles – www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgKasi,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Vanga, Kamarupa,www.Padasalai.Org Madurai.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Cloth embroidered with gold and silver was worn by the King and members of the royal court. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org23. Writewww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org note on the commoditieswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org traded between www.Padasalai.OrgIndiawww.Padasalai.Org and West and www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org South Asia.  The Arthasastrahasalong list of the goods – textiles, woollens, silks, aromatic woods,animal skins and gems. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Greekwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org sources confirm thewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org trade links with thewww.Padasalai.Org westernwww.Padasalai.Org countries andwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Egypt.  Indigo, ivory, tortoiseshell, pearls and perfumes and rare woods were all exported to Egypt. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 24. The five eco-zones of Tamil land during Sangam Age.

Thinai Eco Region Occupation www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kurinji Hilly region: Hunting and gathering Mullai Forested region Pastoralism and shifting cultivation Marutham Riverine tract Agriculture and irrigation www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgNeythal www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgCoastal land www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgFishing and saltwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org making. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Palai Parched land. Cattle lifting and robbery. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org25. Karikalawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org as the greatest of www.Padasalai.Orgearlywww.Padasalai.Org Chola rulers. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Karikalandefeated Cheras, Pandyas, and eleven Velir chieftains at Venni.  He is credited with convertingPadasalaiPadasalai forestinto habitable regions. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org developingwww.Padasalai.Org agriculturewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org by providing irrigationwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org through the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org embankment of the Kaveri and building reservoirs.

26. Achievements of GautamiputraSatakarani. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hedefeatedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the Shakarulerwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Nahapana www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He reissued the coins ofNahapana with his own royal insignia.  The inscription Nashik mentions him as theconqueror of the Shakas, Pahlavas, andYavanas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 27. Distinction between Khizhar and Velir.

Kizhar Velir www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgKizharwww.Padasalai.Orgwere the heads of www.Padasalai.OrgVelir controlled mainlywww.Padasalai.Org hillyand forest www.Padasalai.Org the villagesterritory, areas. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

They were the chiefs of There were frequent wars among these www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgtribalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org communities www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgchiefs on account ofwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org capture of cattle. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

The kizhar were few in The velir were many in number. number. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 28. Point out the speciality of the coins of Demetrius.  Numismatic evidence also proves Demetrius’s association with India.  He issued bi-lingual square coins. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thiswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org coin has Greek languagewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org on the obverse andwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kharoshti on the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org reverse.

29. What do you know of Menander? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Menanderwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org was the best knownwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of the Indo-Greekwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org kings. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Menander successfully attacked Pataliputra.  He became a Buddhist and promoted Buddhism. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org30. “The www.Padasalai.OrgRomanwww.Padasalai.Org coins of the earlierwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org period are concentratedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org in www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Coimbatore, Erode, Salem and Karurdistricts.” Why?  Trade had flourished between the Tamil country and Rome.  Erode and Salem had minesproducing beryl, This gemstonewas www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orginhighwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org demand in Rome.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Chennimalai near Erode produced iron and steel,which were exported to Rome. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org31. “Muziriwaswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the centre of twowww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org circuits of trade.’” www.Padasalai.OrgHow?www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  According to Sangam poetry, Musiri was the centre of two circuits of trade.  Boats came in from the interiorPadasalaiPadasalai carrying rice and took back fish. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  At the same time, sacks of pepper were brought to the market and were exchanged for gold.

32. Explain the importance of money as medium of exchange. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Overland and overseas trade, as well as city markets would imply that money was themain medium of exchange.  The Roman coins have been found in various part of Tamilnadu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org A largewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org number of Cherawww.Padasalai.Org coinswww.Padasalai.Org have also been www.Padasalai.Orgfoundwww.Padasalai.Org in the bed of thewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Amaravati river.

33. Highlight the cultural influence of India’s contact with Greeks. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgcultural influence ofwww.Padasalai.Org thewww.Padasalai.Org Greeks is evidentwww.Padasalai.Org fromwww.Padasalai.Org the capitals of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org monuments at pataliputra.  Mauryan administration also inspirationof thePersians and Greeks. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 The Greek influence led to an Indo-Greek style of sculpture and art www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgcommonlywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org referred to aswww.Padasalai.Org Gandharaart.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

34. Describe the administrative divisions of Gupta Empire.  The Gupta Empire was divided into provinces known as deshasor www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgbhuktiswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The provinces were divided into districts known as visayas.  The administrative units below the district level as vithi, bhumi, pathaka and peta. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 35. Write a short note on Vikramashila University.  Dharmapala established the VikaramasilaUniversity.  Vikramashila universities paved the way for the progress of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgBuddhist,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Jain and Sanskritwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org literature. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  VikaramasilaUniversity was destroyed by Bakthiyarkhalji.

36. Gupta period also recorded the growth of Jaina literature. Elaborate. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgJaina canonical literaturewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org at first took shapewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org in Prakrit dialects.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  Vimala produced a Jaina version of Ramayana.  SiddasenaDivakara laid the foundation of logic among the Jainas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org37. Commentwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org on the scientific advancementwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org made duringwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Gupta period. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  In the Surya Siddanta, Aryabhatta examined the true cause of the solareclipses.  He was the first astronomer to discover that the earth rotates on its www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgownwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgaxis. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Varahamihira’sBrihatSamhita is an encyclopaedia of astronomy, physical geography, botany and natural history. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

38. What could be the reasons for the decline of the Gupta Empire? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgSuggest anywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org threereasons. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Internal fighting and dissensions among the royal family led to its collapse.  Vakataka king Harishena conquered Malwa and Gujarat from the www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgGuptas.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  Independent rulers emerged all over the north like Yasodharman of Malwa, the Maukharis of Uttar Pradesh. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 39. Harsha’s relationship with the Chinese.  Harsha had cordial relations with China. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 The contemporary T’ang emperor, Tai Tsung, sent an embassy to his www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgcourt.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  On the second occasion, the Chinese ambassador found that Harsha had recently died. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org40. Importancewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Harsha’s criminalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org justice system. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Mimamsakas were appointed to dispense justice.  Corporal punishment for serious offences was in practise.  The death penalty was usually avoided. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 41. Shrines at Elephanta and at Ellora.  The Ellora cave complex contains the features of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments and art work. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgmost striking structurewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org at Ellora is the Kailasanathwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Temple. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Elephanta is artistically superior to the shrines at Ellora.

42. Contribution of Rashtrakutas to Kannada literature. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kannadawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org literature madewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orggreat progress duringwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org their reign. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  AmoghavarshaI, was the author of Kavirajamarga, a Kannada work.  The three gems of ancient Kannada literature –Ponna, Panpa and Ranna – were patronised by Rashtrkuta king Krishna III. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 43. Patronage of Rashtrakutas to Jains.  Jainism was patronised by later rulers such as Amoghavarsha I, Indra IV, Krishna II and Indra III. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Jinasenawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org wrote the Adipurana.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Gunabhadra, wrote the Mahapurana.

44. Administrative divisions ofPadasalai PallavasPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgking was assisted bywww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org group of ministers. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Mantri Mandala was called a council of ministers.  The governor of a province was advised and assisted by officersincharge of districts. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 45. Kailasanathacave in Ellora.  This temple is said to represent Kailash, the abode of Lord Shiva.  The temple is two storeyed and the Kailasa temple is on the first one. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org The www.Padasalai.Orgcourtyard has two hugewww.Padasalai.Org pillars with the flagstaffwww.Padasalai.Org and a Nandi www.Padasalai.Org mandapa.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 The prominent Saiva poetsinclude www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgTirunavwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgukarasar(Appar),Tirugnanasambandarwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Sundarar. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  NambiAndarNambi compiled their hymns into an anthologyof eleven books.  The first seven books, commonly known as Thevaram. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 47. Role of Alwars in popularising Vaishnavism in Tamil country  Azhwars composed moving hymns addressed to Vishnu.  They were compiledin the NalayiraDivviyaprabandhambyNadamuni. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Periyalvarwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org themes are mostlywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Krishna’s childhood.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

48. Importance of royal women during Chalukya rule.  Royal ladies were appointed as provincial governors. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Theywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org also issued coins inwww.Padasalai.Org somewww.Padasalai.Org instances. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  VijyaBhattariga, a Chalukya princess, issued inscriptions.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org49. Describewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the immediate causewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org for the military expeditionswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Muhammad-bin-Qasim?  The Arab governor of Iraq, Hajjaj Bin Yusuf, under the pretext of acting against the pirates. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org sentwww.Padasalai.Org two military expeditionswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org against Dahar,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the ruler of Sind, onewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org by land and the other by sea.  Both were defeated and commanders killed.  So Hajjaj then sent a full-fledgedarmy, under the command of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgMuhammadwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Bin Qasim. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

50. What were the reasons for PadasalaithePadasalai military raids of Mahmud of Ghazni in www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgIndia? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Mahmud of Ghazni targeted Hindu temples that were depositories of vast treasures.  There was also a military advantage in demolishing temples www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Organdsmashingwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org idols. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The plundering raids of Mahmud were meant to replenish the treasury to maintain his huge army. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org51. Why waswww.Padasalai.Org Razia Sultana thrownwww.Padasalai.Org out of power? www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  ‘Raziya rode on horseback with armed as men ride.  She did not veil her face.  The elevation of an Abyssinian slave, Jalal-ud-din Yaqut, to the post www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Amir-i-Akhur.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

52. Write briefly about the south Indian campaigns of Malik Kafur. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Malikwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kafur to capture Devagiriwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org fort in 1307. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Prataparudradeva, the Kakatiya ruler of Warangal was defeated in 1309.  In 1310 the Hoysala ruler ViraBallala III surrendered all his www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgtreasureswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to the Delhi forces.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

53. What were the causes for the failure of the experiments of Muhammad Tughlaq? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Muhammadwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Tughlaq’s attemptwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to shift the capitalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org from Delhi to www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Devagiri.  Muhammad realised that it was difficult so he again ordered transfer of capital back to Delhi www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Muhammadwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org issued bronzewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org coins,but fake coinswww.Padasalai.Org werewww.Padasalai.Org minted which www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org could not be prevented by the government.  He expand the cultivation but it also failed, because during that time severe famine in the Doab. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 54.Write a note on the naval expeditions of RajarajaChola.  He engaged in naval expeditions and emerged victorious in the West Coast, SriLanka. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Sriwww.Padasalai.Org Lankawww.Padasalai.Org led to its northernwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and eastern portionswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org coming under thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org direct control of the Chola authority.  He conquered the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 55. Why was RajendraChola called “Kadaramkondan”?  Rajendra’s naval operation was directed against Sri Vijaya.  Sri Vijayakingdom was PadasalaionePadasalai of the prominent maritime and www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgcommercialstateswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org in southwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgeast Asia. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Kheda (Kadaram), feudatory kingdom was also conquered by Rajendra. So he was called kadaramkondan. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org56. Writewww.Padasalai.Org awww.Padasalai.Org note on the role of guildswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org during the Cholawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org period. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Two guildlike groups are known: anjuvannattar and manigramattar.  Anjuvannattarwere maritime tradersand were settled all along the port townsofthe west coast. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org manigramattarwww.Padasalai.Org were busywww.Padasalai.Org with trade in the hinterland.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org

57. Name some of the taxes collected during the Chola period.  The taxes collected included irai, kanikadan, iraikattina-kanikadan. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Iraikattina-nellu,kadami.  Kudimai, Opati. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 58. Write about the social hierarchy under Cholas.  The Brahmin landholders called brahmadeya-kilavars at the top brahmadeya settlements. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orglandholders of vellanvagaiwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org villages were placedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org next in the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org socialhierarchy.  Outside the world of agrariansociety were the armed men, artisans andtraders. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 59. Mention some educational institutions of the Chola period.  Rajendra I established a Vedic college at Ennayiram.  There were 340 students in this Vaishnava centre, learning the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgVedas,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Grammar and Vedantawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org under 14 teachers.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Two more such colleges started, at Tribuvani and Tirumukudal.

60. What are the prominent rock-cut temples built by the early Pandyas? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgprominent rock-cut www.Padasalai.Orgcavewww.Padasalai.Org temples built by www.Padasalai.Orgthewww.Padasalai.Org early Pandyas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They are found in Pillayarpatti, Tirumeyyam, Kuntrakkudi,Tiruchendur, Kalugumalai, kanyakumari and Sittannavasal. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Sittannavasalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org cave templewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org was built by IlamKautamarwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Sri www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org MaranSrivallaban renovated this temple.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org61. Attemptwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org an account of foreignwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org travellers on Pandyawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org kingdom. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Marco Polo, Wassaff and Ibn-Batuta were arrived Pandya kingdom.  They mentioned,political and socio-cultural developments of during the pandya reign. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Marcowww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Polo recorded thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgincidents of sati andwww.Padasalai.Org thepolygamywww.Padasalai.Org practicedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org by the kings.

VOLUME – II www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 1. How did the Bahmani Kingdom emerge? Name its founder.  Zafar Khan got independence from Delhi sultanate.  He shifted his capital to Gulbarga in northern Karnataka. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org He tookwww.Padasalai.Org the title, Bahman www.Padasalai.OrgShah and the dynastywww.Padasalai.Org is known as the www.Padasalai.Org Bahmani dynasty.

2. Nayak System. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Nayakin the sense of a military leader or simply soldier.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Assigning the revenue of a particular locality to the Nayak for their www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgmilitarywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org service. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They pay certain amount of the revenue to the king in particular times of a year. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org3. Battle www.Padasalai.Orgofwww.Padasalai.Org Rakshasi – Tangadiwww.Padasalai.Org (1565)www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Ramaraya’s divide and rule policy provoked much enmity against Vijayanagar.  Finally vijayanagar defeated by bhamini kingdoms. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Ramarayawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org was imprisonedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and executed immediately.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

4. Explain the reason for the celebration of Krishnadevaraya as the greatest ruler of Vijayanagar. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org seizedwww.Padasalai.Org many forts likewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Udayagiri, under thewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org control of Gajapati.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  He reformedby giving legal recognition of the Nayaksystem.  He contributed large donations to many temples like Srisailam, Tirupati, Kalahasti, Kanchipuram, Tiruvannamalai, Chidambaram. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 5. Who assumed the title “Second Alexander”. Why?  Alaudinbahmanshahassumed the title of “Second Alexander”.  He collected annual tribute from the state of Warangal, Reddi www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgkingdomswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Kondavidu,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org which led to frequentwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org wars. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Bahman Shah emerged victorious in all his expeditions. so he was called the Second Alexander. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org6. Explainwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgthe location of Golkondawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org fort and its splendour.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The Golkonda Fort is located about 11 kms from Hyderabad on a hill 120 meters hight.  The Golkonda Fort is popularPadasalaiPadasalai for its acoustic architecture. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orghighest point of the fortwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org is BalaHissar. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

7. South India became the home of religious renaissance. Explain. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org AdiSankarawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org provided Hinduismwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org with a philosophicwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org doctrine of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Advaita to counter the heterodox religions.  The great SaivaNayanmar and Azhwars, with their moving verses, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orggavewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org form to the Bhakti doctrinewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Bhakti movement made a deep and lasting impact on all aspects: social, political, religious, cultural and linguistic.  Thus south India became the home of religious renaissance from the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org7thwww.Padasalai.Org towww.Padasalai.Org the 10th century. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

8. Analyse the teachings of (a) Sur Das (b) Tuka Ram. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Sur Das preached religion of love and devotion to a personal God. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Krishna’swww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ballilaconstituteswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the first great themewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Sur Das poetry. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  TukaRam preached the virtue of piety, forgiveness and peace of mind.  Tuka Ram believed in a formless God. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 9. Kabir’s teachings.  He rejected of polytheism, idolatry, and caste. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org waswww.Padasalai.Org equally unsparingwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgin his condemnationwww.Padasalai.Org ofwww.Padasalai.Org Muslim formalism.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  He try to break the barriers that separated Hindus from Muslims.

10. How did Chaitanya differ from Kabir? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kabir Chaitanya He opposed polytheism and idol He said, the superiority of Krishna www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgworship. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgover all other deities.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org He emphasis hindumuslim unity He give importance revivalist, not a syncretic movement. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

11. Point out the impact of the Bhakti Movement.  Bhakti movement provided the salvation to women and members of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the lower strata of the society.  Literature on devotional songs in regional languages became profuse.  The poet-saints providedPadasalai Padasalaiphilosophy of Dvaita to absolute monism of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgAdvaita.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

12.“Humayun stumbled out of his life as he stumbled through it” – Explain.  Humayun, believing the word of SherShah , withdrew the siege www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgofChunar.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org This turned outwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to be a great mistake.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Humayunconstructing a new city in Delhi, Dinpanah, while his enemies were strengthening themselves.  He died after regaining Delhi when he slipped down the stairs of the www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orglibrarywww.Padasalai.Org in the fort at Delhi.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  So Lane Poole said, “Humayun stumbled out of his life, as he has stumbled through it.” www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 13. What do you know of Din-i-llahi ?  Akbar introduced Tauhid-i-Ilahi ( or ) Din Ilahi. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 Tauhid-i-Ilahi literally meant divine monotheism. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgDin Ilahi ceased to existwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org after Akbar. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

14. The siege of Chittor by Akbar.  Chittor was conquered by Akbar after a siege of six months. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org RanaUdaiwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Singh retreatedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to the hills. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Yet his generals Jaimal and Patta carried on their fight.  Finally, the generals, along with 30,000 Rajputs were killed. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org15. The Mansabdariwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org system of www.Padasalai.OrgAkbar.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The nobles, civil and military officials combined into title of Mansabdar.  Mansabdar rank was divided into Zat and Sawar. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Eachwww.Padasalai.Org officer could rise fromwww.Padasalai.Org the lowest to the highestwww.Padasalai.Org ranks. www.Padasalai.Org

16. European factories established during the Mughal rule. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Portuguesewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org :Goa,Daman,www.Padasalai.Org Salsette,www.Padasalai.Org Santhome, andwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hugli. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Dutch : Masulipatam , Pulicat , Surat , Karaikal , Chinsura , Kasimbazar, Balasore, Nagapattinam, Cochin .  Danes :Tranquebar, Serampore. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Frenchwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org :Surat, Masulipawww.Padasalai.Orgtnam,www.Padasalai.Org Pondicherry,Chandernagore.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  English: Surat, Madras , Bombay, Calcutta.

17. DaraShukoh www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org isthewww.Padasalai.Org eldest&favouratewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org son of the shahjahan.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  He was deeply interested in Sufism.  The translation of Upanishads by DaraShukoh, entitled Sirr-I- Akbar. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 18. Kharkhanas  Kharkhana means workshops.  Expensive craft products were producedinKarhanas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgroyal kharkhanas manufacturedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org articles forwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the use of the royalwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org family and nobility.

19. Kabir www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org The www.Padasalai.Orgmost important figurewww.Padasalai.Org of the Bhakti movementwww.Padasalai.Org was Kabir. www.Padasalai.Org  Kabir propounded absolute monotheism.  He condemned image worship, and the caste system. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 20. AbulFazal  AbulFazal patronised by Akbar. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 He composed Akbar Namaand Ain-i-Akbari. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Ainwww.Padasalai.Org-www.Padasalai.Orgi-Akbari described Mughalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org administration.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

21. Sufism  its origin in Iran. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org It waswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org accepted by the orthodoxwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org theologians. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Sufism played a key role in creating religious harmony.

22. Narrate the causes for the rise of the Marathas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  precipitous mountains and inaccessible valleys were most favourable for military defence.  The spread of the Bhakti movement inculcated the spirit of oneness www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgamongwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the Marathas. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  They possessed the ability to plan and execute the surprise lightning attacks at night. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org23. Describewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the military organizationwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org under Shivaji.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The army consisted of four divisions: infantry, cavalry, an elephant corps and artillery.  The infantry was divided into regiments, brigades and divisions. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgcavalry was divided www.Padasalai.Orgintowww.Padasalai.Org thebargirs and thewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org shiledars. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

24. Point out the results of the Third Battle of Panipat. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgMaratha army was completelywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org routed. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The Peshwa’s son ViswasRao, SadasivaRao and numerous Maratha commanders were killed.  Abdali recognized Shah PadasalaiAlamPadasalai II as the Emperor of Delhi. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 25. Give an account of the war fought during 1775-1782.  The war of succession between peshwaMadhavRao Narayan and his uncle RagunathRao was for assuming the Maratha’s throne. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  In this baattle Bombay govt supported RagunathRao.  By the treaty of Salbai, RagunathRao was allotted with pension and British’s received Thane and Salsette. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 26. What were the outcomes of the Third Anglo-Maratha War?  The British abolished the Peshwai and annexed his all dominions.  BajiRao II remained a prisoner with an annual pension. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Pratapwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Singh, a descendentwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Shivaji, was madewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the king of a sadara.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

27. What was the Nayankara System? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Krishnawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Devaraya, duringwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org his reign developedwww.Padasalai.Org thewww.Padasalai.Org Nayankara www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org system.  The Tamil country was divided into three large Nayankaras: Senji, Thanjavur and Madurai. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Underwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the new system thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgsubordinate chieftainswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org were designated aswww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Palayakkarars.

28. Explain the gallantry displayed by Raja Desinghu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  AfterSwarup Singh’s death, his son Desinghu assumed the governorship of Senji.  Desinghu refused to pay tribute to the Mughal emperor. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org So www.Padasalai.OrgNawabwww.Padasalai.Org Sadat-ul-lah Khanwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org killed Raja Desinghu.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

29. “The introduction of Navavidya was innovative” – How?  Serfoji introducednavavidya in the state-run schools. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org alsowww.Padasalai.Org started free elementarywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and secondarywww.Padasalai.Org schoolswww.Padasalai.Org for orphans www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and the poor in Thanjavur city.  This schools catered to the court elites, Vedic scholars, orphans and the poor. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 30. The political condition in South India after 1565  The Nayak kingdoms became virtually autonomous.  Madurai and Thanjavur fought several times to establish their www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgsuperiority.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  There were also rebellions against the Vijayanagar emperor.

31. The traders were not a homogeneousPadasalaiPadasalai group – explain. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org If mercantilewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org activity canwww.Padasalai.Org bewww.Padasalai.Org deemed to be a pyramid,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org traders were www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org base of the pyramid.  Great merchants wereat the top of the pyramid.  Brokers and sub-brokers were middle tier of the pyramid. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

32. What made the Europeans to set up their establishments on the east coast? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Nowww.Padasalai.Org demandwww.Padasalai.Org in the local econwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgomies for the productswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of Europe. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The universal demand in south-east Asian markets for Indian textiles.  The demand for the painted fabrics of the Coromandel coast in the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgIndonesianwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org islands. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

33. “The expansion of demand for Indian textiles from Europe had an www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgimpact onwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgthe indigenous economy”www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org – How? www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Initially, this increased demand was beneficial to the local economy.  The productive resources could respond positively.  However, as the demand from Europe continued to grow, the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgpressurewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to increase productiowww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgn exponentially www.Padasalai.Orgbeganwww.Padasalai.Org to strain the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org productive resources.

34. Pulicat. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Pulicatwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org is Coromandel headquarterswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of the Dutchwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org East India www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Company.  The Dutch Fort Castle Geldria is built here.  Diamonds were exported from Pulicat to the western countries. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 35. Tarangambadi.  Tarangambadi is a Danes Settlement in Tamilnadu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgDanish Fort built in www.Padasalai.OrgTarangambadi.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Ziegenbalg set up a printing press at Tharangambadi.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 36. The Battle of Ambur.  ArcotnavabAnwar-ud-din was killedin this war.  Chanda Sahib entered Arcot as the Nawab. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Muhammadwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Ali escapedwww.Padasalai.Org towww.Padasalai.Org Tiruchirappalli. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

37. AnandarangamPillai Diary.  Dupleix appointed AnandarangamPillaiPadasalaiPadasalaias a Chief Dubhashi and www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Chief Commercial Agent.  So he emerge as a man of substantial political influence at Pondicherry.  www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hiswww.Padasalai.Org diarywww.Padasalai.Org is a very valuablewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org source of history forwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the period from www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 1736 to 1760, particularly for the Governorship of Dupleix.

38. “Dual System”. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org By www.Padasalai.Orgthewww.Padasalai.Org treaty of Allahabadwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the British got the Diwaniwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Nizamath www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org rights.  The Diwan’s duty included the collection of revenue and the control of civil justice. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgNizam’s function waswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to exercise military www.Padasalai.Orgpowerwww.Padasalai.Org and to dispensewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org criminal justice.

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 39. How did the Zamindars acquire hereditary rights over the lands assigned by the Government?  Cornwallis introduced the permanent land settlement in Bengal, www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgBiharwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Orissa. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  This wascreation of a new type of middlemen, called zamindars. And tax fix permanently.  Thus the zamindars who were originally tax collectors acquired www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orghereditarywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org rights over thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgland assigned by thewww.Padasalai.Org government.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

40. Doctrine of Lapse.  Traditionally Hindu custom allowed the adoption of a son in the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org absence of male heirs.  Ther was a doubt here whether those adopted male hiers could assume power without the permission of powerful british www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orggovernment.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The Governor General Dalhousie proclaimed that sanctioning permission was upto the wish of the government. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 41. Reforms of Cornwallis in judicial administration.  At the top of the judicial system were the SadarDiwaniAdalat and the SadarNizamatAdalat. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Fourwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org provincial courts ofwww.Padasalai.Org appealwww.Padasalai.Org at Calcutta, Deccan,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Murshidabad www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and Patna.  The District and City courts, each presided over by a European judge assisted by Indians.PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 42. Dispatch of Charles Wood.  The Educational Dispatch of Charles Wood (1854) outlined a www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgcomprehensivewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org scheme ofwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgeducation-primary, secondary,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org collegiate. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org  Departments of Public Instruction were established.  Under this plan Madras,Bombay and CalcuttaUniversities were established. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 43. Pindaris and Thuggees.  Pindaris were freebooters composed of both Muslim and Hindu bands. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgSubsidiary Alliance www.Padasalai.Orgofwww.Padasalai.Org the Company had ledwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org to the disbandmentwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org of thousands of soldiers and most of them joined them.  The Thugs were robbers operating between Delhi and Agra. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 They were murdered unsuspecting travellers in the name of the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orggoddesswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Kali. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

44. Impact of Industrial Revolution on Indian handloom weavers.  India was systematically de-industrialized. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Indiawww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org became a market forwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Lancashire cottons.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Cheapmachine-made British goods led to the flooding of Indian markets. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org45.Indenturedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Labour System.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  It was a penal contract system.  The coolie had to work in jail-like condition.  They punishable by forfeiture of wages or imprisonment. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 46.circumstances that led to the signing of the Treaty of Madras between the English and Haider Ali.  HaidercapturedBaramahal,Karur from the British. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org advancedwww.Padasalai.Org to Thanjavurwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org and from there to Cuddalore.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Haider did not want stop his offensive against the English.  But the threat of Maratha invasion forced him to negotiate peace with the English. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 47. Rebellion of 1801.  The Company forces occupied the rebel strongholds of Paramakudi.  The Marudu brothers’ heroic battles made the task of the British www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgformidable.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  In the end the superior military strength and the able commanders of the British army won the day.  Marudu brothers, UmathuraiPadasalaiPadasalai and Shevathiah, with several of their www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgfollowerswww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org were arrest andwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orghanged them. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

48. Vellore Revolt of 1806. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Generalwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Agnew introducedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org a new model turbanwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org for the sepoys, Thiswww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org was the immideate cause for the vellore revolt.  Thirteen officers were killed, in addition to several European conductors of ordnance. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org Finallywww.Padasalai.Org this revolt was supprwww.Padasalai.Orgessed by col. Gillespie.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org

49. Discuss the uprising of Kols. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The immediate cause of kol uprising was the action of the Raja of Chotanagpur in leasing several villages to the non-tribals. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 The forms of rebellion consisted of attacks on the properties of the www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgoutsiders,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org but not their lives.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  Finally this revolt against the British had ended up in a war against the Company government. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 50. The effects of the Great Rebellion of 1857.  India would be governed by and in the name of the British Monarch through a Secretary of State. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org Courtwww.Padasalai.Org of Directors andwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org the Board of Controlwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org were abolished . www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The Doctrine of Lapse and the policy of annexation to be given up.

51. M.G Ranade www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The National Social Conference organized at the initiative of M.G. Ranade.  He was one of the founders of the Widow Marriage Association. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org waswww.Padasalai.Org an ardent promoterwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org of the famous Deccanwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Education Society.www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org 52. Swami Vivekananda  Swami Vivekananda was referred to as the Morning Star of the Modern India. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hewww.Padasalai.Org attendedwww.Padasalai.Org in 1893 the famous,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ‘Parliament ofwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgReligions’ at www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Chicago.  He established the modern institution, Namely Ramakrishna Mission. PadasalaiPadasalai www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

53. Ahmadiya Movement  The Ahmadiya movement was founded by MirzaGhulam Ahmed. www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org He emphasiswww.Padasalai.Org the return towww.Padasalai.Org the original principleswww.Padasalai.Org enunciated in the www.Padasalai.Org Quran.  In social morals the Ahmadiya movement was followed the conservative policy. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

54. Singh Sabha Movement www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Thewww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgSingh Sabha Movementwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org was formed in 1873,www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org with a two-fold www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org objective.  (i) To make available modern western education to the Silkhs. M.VENKATESAN M.A., M.PHIL., B.ED., GHSS, AYAPPAKKAM. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.OrgPG ASSISTANTwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org ( HISTORY ) www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgT.N.H.B,www.Padasalai.Org CHENNAI – 77.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Padasalai TrbTnpsc www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.OrgHISTORY www.Padasalai.Org XI – STD VOLUMEwww.Padasalai.Org I &II - TWO & THREEwww.Padasalai.Org MARKS. www.Padasalai.Org

 (ii) To counter the proselytizing activities of Christian missionaries www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgas wellwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org as Hindu revivalists.www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org  The Akali movement was an offshoot of the Singh Sabha Movement.

55. VaikundaSwamigal. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org Hiswww.Padasalai.Org followerswww.Padasalai.Org called him www.Padasalai.OrgAiyawww.Padasalai.Organd his cult camewww.Padasalai.Org towww.Padasalai.Org be known as www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org AiyaVazhi.  VaikundaSwamigal teachings were compiled as a text called AkilaThirattu. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org VaikundaSwamywww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org instructedwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org his followers to givewww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org up worship of www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org pudams. www.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Orgwww.Padasalai.Org

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