A Description of Theme in John Green's Novel Paper Towns

A DESCRIPTION OF THEME IN JOHN GREEN’S NOVEL PAPER

TOWNS

A PAPER WRITTEN

BY:

VINI TOBING

NIM: 142202009

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

2017

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA It has been proved by

Supervisor,

Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd NIP. 19561214198601 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Diploma Program of English

Department.

Approved by

Head of Diploma III Program,

Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. NIP. 19571002198601 2 003

Approved by Diploma III English Study Program

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera as a Paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

D-III Examination of Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture

Studies, University of North Sumatera.

The examination is held on

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

Dean,

Dr. Budi Agustono, MS NIP. 19600805198703 1 001

Board of Examiners/Readers No. Name Signature

1. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. (Head of ESP) (...... )

2. Drs. Parlindunga Purba, M.Hum. (Examiners) (...... )

3. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. (Examiners) (...... )

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I Vini Tobing, declare that I am the sole of author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or a awarded another degree. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ......

Date : Monday, 1st , 2017

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : VINI TOBING

Title of Paper : THE DESCRIPTION OF THEME IN JOHN

GREEN’S NOVEL PAPER TOWNS

Qualification : D-III/ Ahly Madya

Study Program : English

1. I am willing that paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of

the Libartian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture

Study USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation

under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

2. I am not willing that my papers be made available for reoroduction.

Signed : ......

Date : Monday, 1st , 2017

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This paper is entitled The Description of Theme on Jhon Green's Novel Paper Towns. The author in this paper discusses the themes that exist in this novel. In this paper the author uses descriptive method, which is a method that describes the nature of the perpetrators and refers to some information by browsing through several books with respect to literature. The purpose of this paper is to find the theme contained in the novel. The discovery presented in this paper is about the theme of the story and the characteristics of the main actors contained in Paper Towns novels.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Tulisan ini berjudul The Description of Theme on Jhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns. Penulis dalam tulisan ini membahas tentang tema yang ada di dalam novel ini. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif, yaitu metode yang menggambarkan sifat para pelaku dan merujuk pada beberapa informasi dengan penyelusuran melalui beberapa buku yang berkenaan dengan sastra. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk tema yang terkandung dalam novel tersebut. Penemuan yang dikemukakan dalam tulisan ini adalah tentang tema pada cerita dan ciri-ciri pelaku utama yang terdapat pada novel Paper Towns.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty, God for all the blessing and gives me health, strength, and inspiration to finish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Diploma study

Program, University of Sumatera Utara.

I realize that, without help and guidance from many people, since I have been studying in this program until this time I accomplish this paper, it is so hard for me to accomplish this paper. Bacause of that, I would like to express my deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

I thank goes to Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., as the Dean of Faculty of

Cultural Study Program.

I thank goes to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. as the Head of

English Diploma Study Program.

Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd as my supervisor. Thank you for the giving time giving advice, suggestions, guidance, and help to write this paper.

All lecturers un English Study Program for giving me advice and knowledge.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA My beloved parents, Muktar Lumban Tobing and Melda br.

Panggabean, my grandmother M br. Sipahutar and also brother, Fernando

Lumban Tobing, and my sisters Elisabet Lumban Tobing, Agnes Lumban

Tobing, Tasya Lumban Tobing who have given me the motivation, advice, pray, love, and support. I present this paper for you all.

Thanks to David Jese Harianto Hutabarat who have given care, love, pray, and support.

I also thanks to my best friend, Novia Lumban Tobing and “SAHACI”

Rani,Meylan,Venny,Silva,Fetry,Astrid,Salin,Ella who always given their love, support, pray, and provide their help.

My sisters from another mother Joice Manalu, Sinta Sinaga thank you for being part of the most comfortable place in my life, and always giving spirit through ridicule.

Thanks to HIPSI organization who have given pray, and support.

To my dearest friend in English Diploma 2014 “Queen” Tamara Rebecca

Samosir, Dini Stella Nababan, Ruth Manuela Hutabarat, Cetryn Sancrystina

Sinaga, Anggriani Wasti Manik, and also Yudha Panggabean thanks a lot to make me crazy and make me feel that our happiness. Thank you always there when needed or not needed, I love them so much. And also thanks to part of Arios and Rebab residence.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Thanks to all my friends in English Diploma III class A and B, all my senior, all my junior, and SOLIDAS organization. Thanks for being part of story of my life.

Thanks you for everybody who has helped the writer and that all for you will be remembered forever.

And thank you for all my friends that i can not mention one by one.

Finally, I hope the Almighty God is plessed to reply all the kindness from all people who helped me. Hopefully this paper can be useful to develop our knowledge.

Medan, 2017

Vini Tobing Reg. No. 142202009

vii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION...... i

ABSTRACT...... iii

ABSTRAK...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...... v

TABLE OF CONTENT...... viii

1.INTRODUCTION...... 1

1. 1. Background of The Study...... 1

1. 2. Problem of The Study...... 5

1. 3. Scope of The study...... 5

1. 4. Purpose of The Study...... 5

1. 5. Significance of The Study...... 5

1. 6. Method of The Study...... 6

viii

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...... 7

2. 1. Novel...... 7

2. 2. Intrinsic Elements...... 8

2. 2. 1. The Theme...... 8

2. 2. 2. The Plot...... 9

2. 2. 3. The Character...... 10

2. 4. The Qualitative Method...... 11

3. THE DESCRIPTION...... 12

3. 1. The Description of The Theme Potrayed on The Novel...... 12

3. 2. The Main Character...... 18

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...... 21

4.1 Conclusion...... 21

4.2 Suggestion...... 22

BIBLIOGRHAPY...... 23

SYNOPSIS...... 24

APPENDICES

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study The tittle of the paper is “The Description of Theme in John Green’s

Novel Paper Towns”. In this paper the writer would like to discribe about the theme of John Green’s novel Paper Towns.

Robert and Jacobs (1993:2) says, “Literature may be classfied into four categories or genres: prose fiction, poetry, drama, and non-fiction prose which classed as imaginative literature. “The genres of imaginative literature have much in common, but they also have distinguishing characteristics. Prose fiction, or narrative fiction, includes myths, parables, romances, novels, and short stories.

Originally, fiction meant anthing made up, crafted, or shaped, but today the word refers to prose stories based in the autor’s imagination. Fiction is distinguished from the work it imitates, like historical accounts, reports, biographies, autobiographies, letters, personal memories and meditations. From the major forms, the writer chooses the fiction prose, exatly in novel.

The word novel has been derived from italian word novella, which means a new story or a new thing. A number of critics have defined the word novel in a different way. Dr. Tillyard defines novel as “ A novel is a not too unorganized, fictitious narrative in prose of atv least, say, 20.000 words. “ W.E Williams defines it as “ A long narrative in prose detailing the actions of fictions people “

Sumardjo (1998: 29) says that novel is a story with the prose form in long shape, this long shape means the story including the complex plot, many character

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and various setting. The elements of a novel are rhe same elements as that of the short story like plot, theme, setting, point of view, character, except that there may be more than one of each of these elements. That is, within the main plot of a novel there may be several subplots, there may be more than one theme, and point of view can certainly change as well.

On this paper I would like to describe the theme of the novel Paper Towns by John Green. But I focused on intrinsic novel based on teory intrinsic by (

Culler 1975: 192) says, “If fiction is a system, the most important subsystem in it’s plot, themes, and characters.” Those teory are used to describe intrinsic structural of the novel especially for the theme.

Plot is a relationship between events that are causal, not only chronological braided events (Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 112). Stanton (via

Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 113) also argues that the plot is a story that contains a sequence of events in which there is a causal relationship. An event caused or caused another event. The plot can also be a reflection or behavioral journey of the characters in acting, thinking, tasting, and taking a stand against the problems faced.

The next plot determining element is conflict. The conflict by Wellek and Warren

(via Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 122) is dramatic and leads to a battle between two forces and implies countermeasures. Conflict is an event, the following events can be external conflicts and internal conflicts. External conflict is a conflict that occurs in a character with something outside of himself. External conflicts can be divided

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA into two, namely physical conflict and social conflict. Physical conflict is a conflict characterized by the problems of a character with the natural environment. While social conflict is a conflict that arises because of problems with other figures or issues relating to human relationships.

The theme is an aspect of the story that is parallel to the "meaning" of human experience; something that makes an experience so memorable (Stanton,

2007: 36). The theme makes the story more focused, united, conical, and impact.

The beginning and the end would be fitting, appropriate, and satisfactory owing to the existence of theme (Stanton, 2007: 37).

Theme is the basic story or general idea of a novel (Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 70).

Stanton (via Nurgiyantoro, 2009: 70) explains that themes can also be called main ideas or main goals. Based on the basic story or main idea, the author will develop the story. The central theme is a theme that can meet or include the content of the whole story. The theme that is the overall meaning of the story is not hidden, but is hindered by the stories that support the theme.

Characters is usually used in two contexts. The first context, the characters refer to the individuals who appear in the story. The second context, refers to a variety of engaging characters from a variety of interests, desires, emotions, and the moral principles of such individuals. In most of the stories can be found the

"main character" of the character associated with all the events that took place in the story. The reason a figure to act as do so-called "motivation" (Stanton, 2007:

33). Those elements would be describe on this paper.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Edgar V Roberts, (1995:131) in fiction, a charcter may be defind as verbal representation of human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors potrays characters that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.

The writer has chosen John Green’s novel as the object of this paper because the writer is interested in describing the theme on this novel. The story of the novel is focus on the major character named Quentin. His life start when he is getting adult life. His doing the adventure with his friends, Ben and Radar, to find their classmate named Margo Roth Spiegelman who disappear to find her exictence.

Prof. Dr. Sugiyono (2005: 1) says that, Methode of qualitative research is the research methode used to examine the condition of natural objects, (as his opponent is an experiment). In qualitative research, the researcher is a key instrument, data collection techniques triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive and qualitative research results further emphasize the significance of the generalization. So on this research I use this qualitative methode.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.2 Problem of The Study

The Problem of The Study are:

1. What is the theme and how is the theme potrayed on the novel Paper

Towns by John Green?

1.3 Scope of The Study

The writer would like to describe the theme of the novel Paper Towns by

John Green. The writer is sure that there are many important aspects of the novel can be discussed, so the writer focus on the theme on the novel.

1.4 Purpose of The Study

The purpose of writing this paper:

1. To find out the theme potrayed on the novel Paper Towns by John Green

1.5 Significance of The Study

The significance of the study are:

Theoretically, the significance of the study is it can be used to enrich the literary study especially in analysing the intrinsic structural novel.

Practically, the significance of the study is the reader will understand about theme in a novel.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

1.6 Method of The Study

The writer uses library research by using qualitative description in writing this paper. According to Prof. Dr. Sugiyono (2005: 1) the methode of qualitative research is the research methods used to examine the condition of natural objects,

(as his opponent is an experiment). In qualitative research, the researcher is a key instrument, data collection techniques triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive and qualitative research results further emphasize the significance of the generalization. The writer interprets the data that have been collected, and the last step is the writer description the data to get the conclusion.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Novel

Novel is narrative text which tells about human life. A novel is literary work has been appreciated by many people because it entertains and teaches.

Entertaining means, it gives feeling to the readers and teaching means it has some values to imitate by the readers.

Novel is the name of a literary kind, and there is a story to tell about how, over the centuries, its substance has widened and its conventions changed. (

George Watson, 1979: 3)

On novel, there is the central idea that the novelist presents to the reader.

The central idea of a novel usually is called as the theme. Yelland ( 1983:189 ) says, “ Theme is the central thought in a literary work.” The theme may be directly stated or be most obliquely concealed within the literary work. To find the theme in a story, we have to read and understand the whole dialogs and the plot inside the story. After it was done we can conclude what the theme that delivered by the novelist in a story of the novel.

Grill (1985:77) explains that a novel is a world expecially made in words by an author. It means that novels are not real life. Novels are fictional and they have been made up beacause an author has chosen to put it together in a particular way. Taylor (1981:460) says that a novel is a form of literary work. Novel is normally a prose work of quite some length and complexity, which attempts to

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA reflect and express something of the quality or value of human experience or conduct.

Rees (1973:106) says that novel a fictions prose narrative of considerable length in which characters and actions representative of real life are potrayed in a plot of more or less complexity. In other words novel is a story longer, more realistic and more complicated. The novel is now the most widely read of all kinds of literature, and one is suprised to find (as its name suggest) that it is fairly new.

2.2 Intrinsic Elements

On John Green’s Novel Paper Towns I focused on intrinsic novel based on teory intrinsic by ( Culler 1975: 192) says, “If fiction is a system, the most important subsystem in it’s plot, themes, and characters.” Those teory are used to describe intrinsic structural of the novel especially for the theme.

2.2.1 The Theme

Theme is one of the fundamental components of fiction. Theme means what the novel can be summed up as saying. Another way of putting it would be to talk of the “ideas” of the book.

The theme is an aspect of the story that is parallel to the "meaning" of human experience; something that makes an experience so memorable (Stanton,

2007: 36). The theme makes the story more focused, united, conical, and impact.

The beginning and the end would be fitting, appropriate, and satisfactory owing to the existence of theme (Stanton, 2007: 37).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Theme is general control point in a literary work which is found in the text as sementic structure that deals with similarity and differences, Hartoko and

Rahmanto (1986:142)

According to Stanton (1965:20) and kenny (1996:88) is the meaning contained by a story. But there are many meanings conceived and offered by the story (the novel), then the problem is a special meaning which can be expressed as the theme.

Theme is also a general basic idea that supports a literature, and it implies in the text as semantic structure and connects with similarities and differences.

Themes become basic development of the whole story, so it must represent the whole part of novel.

2.2.2 The Plot

Plot refers to the sequence of events inside a story which affect other events through the principle of cause and effect. The causal events of a plot can be thought of as a series of sentences linked by "and so". Plots can vary from simple structures such as in a traditional ballad to complex interwoven structures sometimes referred to as an imbroglio. The term plot can serve as a verb and refer to a character planning future actions in the story.

In general, the flow is a series of events in a story. The term groove is usually limited to the events causally connected only. Causal event is an event that causes or the impact of a variety of other events that can not be ignored because it will affect the overall work (Stanton, 2007: 26).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The Plot is the backbone of the story. In contrast to other elements, the groove may prove itself seldom rarely reviewed at length in an analysis. A story will never be completely understood without any understanding of the events that link the plot, the causality relationship, and its effectiveness. Similar to other elements, the groove has its own laws; The plot should have a real, convincing and logical beginning, middle, and end, can create a variety of surprises, and bring on and end tensions (Stanton, 2007: 28).

Plot is beginning of introduction of the story such as information about the characters. It means dramatic stricter in a plot, as Gwynn (2002:8) said that: When we speak of the dramatic structure of a story, we refer to the axact way in which our emotional involvement in its plot is increased and relaxed. After introduction about characters, show “the trouble” in the novel. The trouble is conflict either to him or to another character and to nature. For example the characters get conflict one to other like hate, angry and also fighting.

2.2.3 The Character

Character is one of the intrinsic elements in literature. Where, the character has a very important position in a story fiction.Characters are the people that do the action so that created a story.

A character is depicted through both narrative and dialogue. Characters can be flat, minor characters or round and major, developed with depth. The persona is revealed by how a character responds to conflict, by dialogue, and through descriptions.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Roberts (1993:135-136) says, there are five ways that use the author to present their character in, they are action what characters do is our best way to understand what they are. The action may also signal qualities such as naivete, weakness, deceit, a scheming personality, strong inner conflicts, or a realization or growth of some short.

"main character" of the character associated with all the events that took place in the story. The reason a figure to act as do so-called "motivation" (Stanton, 2007:

33)

2.4 The Qualitative Method

Prof. Dr. Sugiyono (2005: 1) says, the methode of qualitative research is the research methods used to examine the condition of natural objects, (as his opponent is an experiment). In qualitative research, the researcher is a key instrument, data collection techniques triangulation (combined), data analysis is inductive and qualitative research results further emphasize the significance of the generalization. The writer uses library research by qualitative description in writing this paper.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. THE DESCRIPTION

3.1 The Description of The Theme Potrayed on The Novel

The theme of this novel is about searching for identity and friendship.

Margo Roth Spiegelman is a young girl who wants to find her true identity. She has a blue eyes, and she has a long hair. The smell of her skin crushed almonds.

She has nice fingers, thinner than the rest of her body, which were all curves and soft edges. Margo is the girl who loved mysteries so much that she became one.

Margo always loved mystery. And in everything that came afterward, I could never stop thinking that maybe she loved mysteries so much that she became one.(John Green, 2015:8)

She is a spiteful girl. She wiggle her toes to the cadence when her talking.

She talked like that, with this discemible rhytym, like she was reading poetry.

One night, Margo suddenly sneaks across to Queentin through the boy's window with a black-painted face and black clothes. She asked or rather forced

Queentin to lend him a car, and accompanied him around the city for a revenge mission planned in 11 innings to some of the people who had hurt her. Queentin certainly can not refuse Margo's request. So they set out secretly so as not to know both their parents. Prior to carrying out her revenge mission, Margo asked

Queentin for Publix and Wal-Mart to shop for the goods for his mission. The first character they visit is Jase who is Margo's boyfriend and his affair girl, Becca who is a friend of Margo.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA  The first half was to find Jase's car parked around Becca's house, then

install The Club or the steering wheel of the car on Jase's steering wheel.

 The second half is calling Becca's parents to inform about their daughter

who was having sex with Jase in the basement of her home.

 The third half is photographing Jase who was running away from the

basement of Becca's house wearing only his underwear.

 The fourth half is to go into Becca's home basement and pick up all of

Jase's clothes left behind.

 Then, the fifth half is to leave the dead catfish wrapped in paper with the

message "Your friendship with him is now lying with the fish" in Becca's

wardrobe.

Before leaving the basement, Margo sprayed paint to form the letter M on the wall above the table. Then, Q drove the car away from the place. The second person they visited was Karin, the character mentioned only once throughout the story.

 The sixth half is to leave a wreath for Karin as an apology for her telling

Margo that her boyfriend was having an affair but Margo cursed disbelief.

 The seventh round is to go to Jase's house, toss the dead catfish with the

words "Love MS for you now lying with the fish" to one of the windows

to break and spray paint to form the letter M in the unbroken window.

They then visited a character named Lacey, who became a more prominent character in the last half of the novel. Margo felt that Lacey had never been a good friend to her, and she felt that she had been mocked often.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA  The eighth half is putting the dead fish with the words "Your friendship

with MS is now lying with the fish" under Lacey's car seat and writing the

letter M on the roof of his car. It was already 2:49 am.

 The nine half is Margo invites Q to enter the SunTrust Bank building to

relax and check their progress from the top of the building.

From the top of the building, they can see the whole city of Orlando. Margo calls their city a "paper towns" describing it as "fake" and "not even hard enough to be made of plastic". At 3:51 they left the SunTrust building.

Once you go to paper towns, there is no leaving it.(John Green, 2015:149)

 The ten half is Margo asks Q to choose the victim. And on Margo's advice,

Q finally chose Chuck Parson, a bully in high school. Margo and Q sneak

into Chuck's house, remove one of Chuck's eyebrows with hair removal

cream, and apply Vaseline to all the doors in his house to make it hard to

open.

After taking revenge on Chuck, they run out and immediately leave the place.

 The eleven half is Margo invites Q to Seaworld, because that is only a

playground that has never been broken into by Margo.

All the amazing things that happened that night made Q feel more understanding of Margo. Margo and Q returned to their home at 5:42, an hour before they were supposed to go to school. Q thinks of all the things he thinks will change. He thinks Margo will start hanging out with him and his friends, Ben and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Radar. Surprisingly, the next morning Margo disappeared and never showed up at school.

After Margo disappeared for 3 days, her parents filed a missing person report to the police. Margo has escaped four times in the past, so his parents are more frustrated than worried. After learning that Margo disappeared, Queentin realized that there was a new Woody Guthrie poster taped to the back of Margo's room door, Queentin could see the condition of Margo's room through the window of his room.

I happened to glance out my window, and I saw immediatiely that someone-the detective, I guessedlowered the shade in Margo’s room. But I wasn’t seeing the shade. Instead, I was seeing a black-and-white poster, taped to the back of the shade. In the photograph, a man stands, his shoulders slightly slumped, staring ahead. A cigarette dangless out of his mouth. A guitar is slung over his shoulder, and the guitar is painted with the words THIS MACHINE KILLS FASCISTS.(John Green, 2015:108)

With the help of three of his close friends, Queentin tries to solve the various clues that he believes, deliberately made by Margo specifically for him because the girl wants Queentin to find him. The poster took him to a song called 'Walt

Whitman Niece', which later led him to a book by Walt Whitman's Leaves of

Grass and found a few excerpts marked with a blue marker on an extended poem titled "Song of Myself".

The poem has emphasized the part that Queentin believes to be the clue left by

Margo to take him where Margo is. Queentin continues to search for clues and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA finds an address written on a small piece of paper located at the door of his room.

Hoping it would lead them to where she was hiding, Queentin and his friends skipped school the next day and went to the place written on the small paper.

They found an old shopping mall that had long been abandoned in the city of

Chritsmas, Florida which contains evidence that Margo was recently there, as well as a message painted on the wall that suggested Queentin should expect to find

Margo's body. This confirms the belief that Margo's eccentricity is an act of covering Margo's depression, and confirms that Margo has committed suicide.

In the end the guidance leads Queentin to believe that Margo may be hiding

(or buried) in one of the many subdivisions around Orlando or so-called pseudovisi (abandoned subdivision before completion). He drove to all the pseudovisions where he felt Margo might be hiding, but no luck helped Queentin to find Margo. While preparing for the graduation, Queentin made a connection using the map he found in the shopping center and matched it with the former nail pin that Margo left behind, which later informed him that Margo had been hiding in a fictional city in New York called Agloe, Which was created by the Esso company in the early 1930s and incorporated on a tourist map as a copyright trap or paper towns, near the city of Roscoe, New York.

Agloe, New York, is a fictitious village created bt the Esso company in

the early 1930s and inserted into tourist maps as a copyright trap, or

paper town.(John Green, 2015:235)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Queentin, Radar, Ben, and Lacey choose to pass the graduation and go to New

York to find Margo. They had to travel to Roscoe, New York in less than 24 hours. After a very urgent journey and experiencing some excitement, they finally found Margo living in an old slum cage. But instead of being grateful for being found, Margo reacted to their arrival as an unexpected annoyance and began to scold them. Apparently, Margo did not intentionally abandon any of the clues they used to find her, stating she did not want to be found. Angry to the less grateful,

Radar, Ben, and Lacey go and spend the night at a motel.

Finally, Queentin realizes that Margo is so different from what he knows and thinks all along. That all this time, Queentin just saw Margo in accordance with what he himself projected about the girl. Queentin becomes very angry at Margo for wasting their time and causing his family to worry, but Margo says that

Queentin just wants a troubled girl who can be saved.

In the end, Queentin comes to accept the fact that it is unfair to expect Margo to be more than just a person, and Margo can not be blamed for being imperfect like everyone else. After they resumed the conversation, Margo decided to stay in

New York City. They kiss briefly and Queentin wants to stay with her, but it implies that he will go home with his friends. And they can only hope to be reunited someday.

Margo’s reasons for the run away and everything about her personality revealed when Quentin finds Margo. Margo’s reasons for run away and relating to paper towns and being a paper girl reveals Margo’s inner self and her longings. In

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA a way, she compares herself to being a paper material to explain the hidden and mysterious side of her and the truth that lies within herself that only she knows.

3.2 The Main Character

1. Quentin 'Q' Jacobsen

The storyteller and narrator. He liked his neighbor Margo since they were kids, and soon he realized he had fallen in love with Margo. Throughout the story he follows the instructions that Margo says he has lost, to help him find it. He becomes obsessed to search for clues and asks his friends to help him find Margo.

2. Margo Roth Spielgeman

Describes herself as a 'paper girl' who runs away from home after taking revenge against the people who hurt him. Is a popular figure, beautiful, and very mysterious. Nice to do things that are not in general. And is at the heart of the story.

3. Ben Starling

He is one of Quentin's best friends. He is in a school band and also helps Q find Margo, and in the process of becoming Lacey's boyfriend. At the beginning of this book, Ben has an obsession with prom and on girls.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Marcus 'Radar' Lincoln

One of Quentin's friends. In the story, he keeps editing pages on the

Omnictionary website (a parody of Wikipedia) and is described as a clever person. His parents have the largest collection of black Santa in the world that embarrasses him, and he is also in a school band. He helps Q in finding Margo and is dating a girl named Angela.

5. Lacey Pemberton

She has been Margo's friend since kindergarten, though Margo feels Lacey has judged herself throughout their friendship journey. In the second half of the novel, Lacey is involved in Margo's quest that makes her closer to Ben. Lacey is one of the victims of Margo's revenge.

6. Jase Worthington

Margo's first boyfriend is later known to have an affair with Becca.

Described as a handsome, rich, and popular man.

7. Becca Arrington

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Margo's best friend later found out to be having an affair with Jase. Becca is known to be arrogant, very bland, and a hot-tempered girl, but she has a sexy body.

8. Chuck Parson

Dubbed as anabolic steroid container. He has the biggest target of his life, which is punished for committing murder. Love to do mischief and to unleash the unpopular.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusion

After reading and describing the theme of the Novel Paper Towns, understood and description this novel from the beginning up to the end, I come to conclusion that the theme in this novel gives many posistive impacts on the readers. Margo Roth Spielgeman who is the main character in this novel realized that he was the one who could be 'folded'. What does it mean ? She thinks

Queentin knows who she is, An unpopular and cowardly young man in his small town, focusing on the future like college. Whereas she wants people to see him as someone he wants people to see -as someone who is popular, dating a muscular, rich and handsome man, a cool person for doing adventure stuff, etc. She does not show herself; loves folk songs, books, mysteries and poetry. She folds herself constantly in order to adjust to the circumstances surrounding her, and after knowing that Jase is having an affair with her-is tired of it. In the end, she go to paper towns (Agloe) and never come back.

The point is to pursue what we want in this world, despite having to risk anything. This is evident from Margo's 'selfish' nature of choosing to abandon it all because she does not want to remain in the city she hates. Also Ben is chasing

Lacey continuously until they finally dating. Pulling the grass to the roots, it would be nice to 'chase' what we want if our lives are rooted; As if we can not 'get away' from that life.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2 Suggestion

After describing The Theme of John Green’s Novel Paper Towns, the writer hopes that this paper will make the readers understand more about theme in the Paper Towns and the readers will be interested to reading this novel.

This paper give a clear explanation about the theme potrayed in the novel to the readers. This paper also can be used as guidance the other student in description novel, especially in the themes because theme is one of the important elements in the novel, and if you want to study the literature must understand the meaning of life. The writers hope that this paper make the readers can get positive message.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BIBLIOGRHAPY

Deutsch, Lindsay (October 8, 2013). "The Fault In Our Stars Movie" announced release date". USA Today. Retrieved February 13, 2014

"John Green | TIME.com". Time Magazine. April 23, 2014. Retrieved April

25, 2014.

Sumardjo, Jakob. 1998. Apresiasi Kesustraan. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.

Stanton, Robert. 1965. An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Hoh, Rinehart and Winston.

http://www.audible.com/pd/Teens/Paper-Towns-by-John-Green-Summary-

Analysis- http://bookwish.org/john-green https://bookpage.com/reviews/5878-john-green-paper- towns#.WXbtL2KGPIU https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Green_(author) http://sispacunikalpbsi.blogspot.co.id/2014/05/analisis-robert-stanton.html http://www.johngreenbooks.com/paper-towns/ file:///D:/meine%20Lebensgeschichte_%20Resensi%20Paper%20Towns%2

0(Kota%20Kertas)%20-%20John%20Green.html http://zorayapelu.blogspot.co.id/2009/04/method-of-qualitative.html

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SYNOPSIS PAPER TOWNS

Quentin "Q" Jacobsen and his next-door neighbor, Margo Roth

Spiegelman, played together as children, but over time Margo has become an unattainable girl of allure and mystery. Just a few weeks before graduation, the two reconnect when she suddenly appears at Q's window and asks for help with an all-night revenge spree targeting unfaithful friends and bullies throughout their

Orlando neighborhood. This adrenaline-filled adventure kicks off Paper Towns, another insightful novel by the Printz award-winning novelist John Green, and refuels Quentin's desire for Margo.

But the next day Margo has vanished. Since the girl has disappeared before, leaving ambiguous clues and turning up in outlandish places, her family has written her off this time, and her high school friends are awaiting a spectacular return with an even more dramatic story of her escapades. Only

Quentin fears the worst, that she has taken off to commit suicide, when he finds clues left specifically for him in highlighted passages of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA His desperate search for Margo leads him in and out of abandoned subdivisions, what the girl once called "paper towns." Along the way, he realizes that his search is not just for Margo, but for the "real" Margo, the girl nobody really knew, perhaps not even himself. Helping Q solve the puzzle are Ben, who achieves instant popularity and a date with a possible prom queen despite his often sexist remarks, and Radar, a more grounded classmate with a Wikipedia-like website that cracks some of Margo's clues. Their witty, hilarious banter lightens

Quentin's quest, and provides rich fodder for the friends' culminating road-trip investigation.

Like that famous saying, it is Q's journey rather than the destination that matters most. Whether or not he finds Margo and her paper towns, Quentin discovers love and finds that it can be just as elusive and multifaceted and imperfect as Margo. With author John Green at the controls, the ride is always memorable.

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Appendices

The Biography of John Green

John Michael Green (born August 24, 1977) is an American author, vlogger, writer, producer, actor and editor. He won the 2006 Printz Award for his debut novel, Looking for Alaska,[2] and his sixth novel, The Fault in

Our Stars, debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list in January 2012.[3] The 2014 film adaptation opened at number one on the box office.[4] In 2014, Green was included in Time magazine's list of The

100 Most Influential People in the World.[5] Another film based on a Green novel, Paper Towns, was released on July 24, 2015.

Aside from being a novelist, Green is also well known for his YouTube ventures. In 2007, he launched the VlogBrothers channel with his brother,

Hank Green. Since then, John and Hank have launched events such as

Project for Awesome and VidCon and created a total of 11 online series,

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including Crash Course, an educational channel teaching literature, history, and science, later joined by courses in economics, US government, astronomy, politics, and philosophy.[6]

Early Life and Career

Green was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, to Mike and Sydney Green.[7]

Three weeks after he was born, his family moved to Michigan, then later

Birmingham, Alabama, and finally to Orlando, Florida.[8][9] He attended

Lake Highland Preparatory School in Orlando, and Indian Springs School outside of Birmingham, Alabama, the latter of which he later used as the inspiration for the main setting of his first book, Looking for Alaska.[10]

Green graduated from Kenyon College in 2000 with a double major in

English and Religious studies.[11] He has spoken about being bullied and how it had made life as a teenager miserable for him.[12]

After graduating from college, Green spent five months working as a student chaplain at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio while enrolled at the University of Chicago Divinity School (although he never actually attended the school).[13] He intended to become an

Episcopal priest, but his experiences of working in a hospital with children suffering from life-threatening illnesses inspired him to become an author, and later to write The Fault in Our Stars.[14]

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Green lived for several years in Chicago, where he worked for the book review journal Booklist as a publishing assistant and production editor while writing Looking for Alaska.[9] While there, he reviewed hundreds of books, particularly literary fiction and books about Islam or conjoined twins.[15]

He has also critiqued books for The New York Times Book Review and created original radio essays for NPR's All Things Considered and WBEZ,

Chicago's public radio station.[15] Green later lived in New York City for two years while his wife attended graduate school.

Writings

Green's first novel, Looking for Alaska, published by Dutton Children's

Books in 2005, is a school story and teen romance inspired by his experiences at Indian Springs, fictionalized as Culver Creek Preparatory

High School.[16] The novel was awarded the annual Michael L. Printz

Award by the American Library Association, recognizing the year's "best book written for teens, based entirely on its literary merit".[2] It also appeared on the ALA's annual list Top 10 Best Books for Young Adults.

The film rights were purchased in 2005 by Paramount, which hired Josh

Schwartz as writer and director, but five years later, with no progress on the project, Green told fans that, while he "desperately loved" the screenplay, there seemed to be little interest at Paramount.[17] As sales of Looking for

Alaska continued to increase in 2011, Green showed mixed feelings about a movie, which he felt would threaten readers' "intense and private connection

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to the story".[18] In 2012, the book reached The New York Times Best

Seller list for children's paperbacks.[19] Green's second novel, An

Abundance of Katherines (Dutton, 2006) was a runner-up for the Printz

Award and a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize.

With fellow young adult authors Maureen Johnson and Lauren Myracle,

Green collaborated on Let It Snow: Three Holiday Romances (Speak,

2008), which consists of three interconnected short stories, including

Green's "A Cheertastic Christmas Miracle", each set in the same small town on Christmas Eve, during a massive snowstorm. In November 2009, that book reached Number 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list for paperback children's books.[20]

In 2008, Green's third novel, Paper Towns, debuted at number five on The

New York Times Best Seller list for children's books, and the novel was made into the 2015 film Paper Towns.[21][22] In 2009, Paper Towns was awarded the 2009 Edgar Award for Best Young Adult Novel[23] and the

2010 Corine Literature Prize.[24]

After this, Green and his friend, young-adult writer David Levithan, collaborated on the novel Will Grayson, Will Grayson, which was published by Dutton in 2010.[25][26] It was a runner-up (Honor Book) for two of the annual ALA awards, the Stonewall Book Award (for excellence in LGBT children's and young adult literature),[27] and the Odyssey Award for

Excellence in Audiobook Production.

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In August 2009, Green announced he was writing a new book entitled The

Sequel,[28] which was later scrapped. His sixth book, The Fault in Our

Stars, was released in January 2012. He crafted the novel by collaborating with Dutton editor Julie Strauss-Gabel.[29] Green explained that several parts of The Sequel were reworked into The Fault in Our Stars.[30] Green signed all 150,000 copies of the first printing and his wife and his brother applied their own symbols, a Yeti and an Anglerfish (known as the

"Hanklerfish"), respectively. The New York Times Best Seller list for children's books listed The Fault in Our Stars at number one for two weeks in January and February 2012.[3][31] The novel has been made into a major motion picture of the same name, released in the United States on June 6,

2014.[32]

In late 2013, Green stated that he is writing a new book with the working title The Racket.[33] He sold 5,000 words of a rough draft on IndieGoGo for $10 in order to raise money as part of the Project for Awesome charity event.[34] On November 16, 2014, Green wrote on his Tumblr page that he is not working on The Racket but is working on something else with a different title.[35]

Although his novels have earned mostly positive critical reception, Green has discussed what he believes to be flaws in his novels, when he looked at them in retrospect.[36] Additionally, in response to a fan's tweet, Green apologized for using the word retarded in Paper Towns, stating, "Yeah, I

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regret it. At the time, I thought an author's responsibility was to reflect language as I found it, but now ... eight years later, I don't feel like a book about humanizing the other benefited from dehumanizing language," adding, "it's not in the movie, and I won't use the word again in a book or elsewhere."[37]

In September 2015, Green announced that he would be taking a break from social media in order to focus on writing his next book.[38] In August 2016,

Green stated that over the next ten months he would be limiting his public appearances in order to finish a draft of the new book.[39] But on

September 20, Green took to his YouTube channel that he may not publish another book, citing his current writing experience as "this intense pressure, like people were watching over my shoulder while I was writing."[40]

Public Image

Green's rapid rise to fame and idiosyncratic voice are credited with creating a major shift in the young adult fiction market. While reviewing the Andrew

Smith young-adult novel, Winger, A. J. Jacobs of The New York Times used the term "GreenLit" to describe young adult books which contain

"sharp dialogue, defective authority figures, occasional boozing, unrequited crushes and one or more heartbreaking twists."[41] According to the Wall

Street Journal, "[s]ome credit him with ushering in a new golden era for contemporary, realistic, literary teen fiction, following more than a decade of dominance by books about young wizards, sparkly vampires and

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dystopia. A blurb or Twitter endorsement from Mr. Green can ricochet around the Internet and boost sales, an effect book bloggers call 'the John

Green bump.'" Zareen Jaffery, executive editor of Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers said "What I really like about what people are calling

'the John Green effect' is that there's more of an interest in authentic, genuine, relatable characters."[6]

Young-adult readers and authors, including Green himself, have been critical of the terms.[42] Green has voiced his disagreement with the idea that he is single-handedly responsible for launching or promoting any one individual's career.[42] Green has commented on these arguments: "My concern is that popular work by women receives far more vitriolic criticism from the public (like, in terms of number of demeaning jokes...) than popular work created by men... Also, I would like to see equal attention given to the sexism in popular work by men, from Nicholas Sparks to for instance J. D. Salinger. Catcher in the Rye—although I like it very much— is profoundly and disturbingly misogynistic and yet seems to get a critical pass both online and off. This happens a lot, I think, with books by men, and

I don't want male writers (including me!) to get that pass."[43] Relating to this issue, Green has stated that he identifies as a feminist.[44]

In 2015, a Tumblr post from user virjn generated media controversy, as it claimed Green is "a creep who panders to teenage girls so that he can amass some weird cult-like following."[45][46] Other users commented on the

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post, criticizing his writing and tagging Green to bring the post to his attention.[45][46] Green responded to the post, defending himself, stating,

"Throwing that kind of accusation around is sick and libelous and most importantly damages the discourse around the actual sexual abuse of children."[46] Green added that he would use the social media website less often, stating, "I'm not angry or anything like that. I just need some distance for my well-being."[37] Fellow young-adult authors, Rainbow Rowell and

Maggie Stiefvater came to Green's defense. Stiefvater wrote on Tumblr,

"You can have your own opinions on Green's books and Internet presence, but the fact remains that he is a very real positive influence on thousands of teens. You're not just making sure you can't have nice things. You're taking away other people's nice things." In a subsequent email to USA Today,

Stiefvater stated, "I had to say something. Not because of the nature of the posts, although they were distasteful and borderline libel. But because the grotesquerie was being force-fed to the author."[46]

On July 14, 2015, Greg Ballard, the mayor of Indianapolis, proclaimed that that day would be "John Green Day" in his city.[47] That month, Teresa

Jacobs, the mayor of Orange County, Florida, declared that July 17 would also be John Green Day.[48]

Other Projects

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Crash Course

Main article: Crash Course (YouTube)

Crash Course is a project made by Green and his brother, Hank Green, aimed to educate high school students, but it has diversified in to another channel specifically aimed at children, called Crash Course Kids.

In 2012, following a grant from Google, the brothers launched a pair of short-format educational video series entitled Crash Course, which presents series on World History, American History, Literature (hosted by John),

Chemistry, Anatomy & Physiology, Biology, Ecology, Psychology, and

Philosophy (hosted by Hank), Astronomy, Games, Big History, Economics,

Intellectual Property, and Physics (hosted by people other than the two brothers).[49]

Film Producing

Green served as an executive producer for the Paper Towns movie.[citation needed] He has also entered into a production deal with the films studio Fox

2000 (the same studio that also made The Fault in Our Stars).[64] Green announced that Fox 2000 will be making a movie about the formation of

AFC Wimbledon, a football team that Green is a fan of. He will serve as producer along with Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen under their production banner Temple Hill Productions (The same people who produced The Fault in Our Stars and Paper Towns).[65]

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Personal Life

Green lives in Indianapolis, Indiana with his wife, Sarah Urist Green, whom he married on May 21, 2006.[66] She worked as the Curator of

Contemporary Art at Indianapolis Museum of Art before leaving to start

The Art Assignment, a web series with PBS.[67] In videos on the

VlogBrothers channel, Sarah Green is referred to as "the Yeti" due to her not appearing visibly on camera.[1] She made an appearance on YouTube in a Google Hangout video chat with President Obama, during which she and her husband asked the President whether they should name their unborn daughter Eleanor or Alice.[68] They have two children, Henry and Alice, as well as a West Highland Terrier named "Willy."[69] Green has stated that he is an Episcopalian Christian,[70] but mentioned in the tenth episode of his podcast, Dear Hank and John, that he was married in a Catholic church.[71] He has been an advocate for refugees, stating that "for those of you who share my faith, Jesus is awfully unambiguous about the poor, shelterless, and imprisoned".[72] John is an avid fan of Liverpool F.C. of the Premier League and has publicly discussed English football.[73] As of

2015, John is also a shorts and stand sponsor of English League One club

AFC Wimbledon, of whom he is also a keen admirer.[74] John has also stated that he is a casual supporter of his local American side Indy Eleven, and has been to some of their games.[75]

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Green has obsessive-compulsive disorder,[76] and has discussed his struggles with mental illness extensively on YouTube.[77][78][79][80]

Works

Books

Looking for Alaska (2005) (ISBN 0-525-47506-0)

An Abundance of Katherines (2006) (ISBN 0-525-47688-1)

Let It Snow: Three Holiday Romances – with Maureen Johnson and Lauren

Myracle (2008) (ISBN 0-142-41214-7)

Paper Towns (2008) (ISBN 978-0142414934)

Will Grayson, Will Grayson – with David Levithan (2010) (ISBN 0-525-

42158-0)

The Fault in Our Stars (2012) (ISBN 0-525-47881-7)

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