ICCE18 FINAL Program
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Discovery, Characterization, and Clinical Development of the Glucagon-Like Peptides
Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides Daniel J. Drucker, … , Joel F. Habener, Jens Juul Holst J Clin Invest. 2017;127(12):4217-4227. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI97233. Harrington Prize Essay Endocrinology Gastroenterology The discovery, characterization, and clinical development of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) spans more than 30 years and includes contributions from multiple investigators, science recognized by the 2017 Harrington Award Prize for Innovation in Medicine. Herein, we provide perspectives on the historical events and key experimental findings establishing the biology of GLP-1 as an insulin-stimulating glucoregulatory hormone. Important attributes of GLP-1 action and enteroendocrine science are reviewed, with emphasis on mechanistic advances and clinical proof-of-concept studies. The discovery that GLP-2 promotes mucosal growth in the intestine is described, and key findings from both preclinical studies and the GLP-2 clinical development program for short bowel syndrome (SBS) are reviewed. Finally, we summarize recent progress in GLP biology, highlighting emerging concepts and scientific insights with translational relevance. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/97233/pdf The Journal of Clinical Investigation HARRINGTON PRIZE ESSAY Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides Daniel J. Drucker,1 Joel F. Habener,2 and Jens Juul Holst3 1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 3Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. sequences of cloned recombinant cDNA copies of messenger RNAs. -
Β Cell Tone Is Defined by Proglucagon Peptides Through Camp Signaling
β Cell tone is defined by proglucagon peptides through cAMP signaling Megan E. Capozzi, … , David A. D’Alessio, Jonathan E. Campbell JCI Insight. 2019;4(5):e126742. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.126742. Research Article Endocrinology Metabolism Paracrine interactions between pancreatic islet cells have been proposed as a mechanism to regulate hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate the importance of proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) for α to β cell communication and control of insulin secretion. Signaling through this system occurs through both the glucagon-like peptide receptor (Glp1r) and glucagon receptor (Gcgr). Loss of PGDPs, or blockade of their receptors, decreases insulin secretion in response to both metabolic and nonmetabolic stimulation of mouse and human islets. This effect is due to reduced β cell cAMP and affects the quantity but not dynamics of insulin release, indicating that PGDPs dictate the magnitude of insulin output in an isolated islet. In healthy mice, additional factors that stimulate cAMP can compensate for loss of PGDP signaling; however, input from α cells is essential to maintain glucose tolerance during the metabolic stress induced by high-fat feeding. These findings demonstrate an essential role for α cell regulation of β cells, raising the possibility that abnormal paracrine signaling contributes to impaired insulin secretion in diabetes. Moreover, these findings support reconsideration of the role for α cells in postprandial glucose control. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/126742/pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE β Cell tone is defined by proglucagon peptides through cAMP signaling Megan E. Capozzi,1 Berit Svendsen,1 Sara E. -
2016 IES Annual Meeting Final Programme
ROYAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE IN IRELAND IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE Irish Endocrine Society 40th Annual Meeting 14th and 15th October 2016 Stormont Hotel, Belfast Local Organiser: Doctor Hamish Courtney, REVISEDRoyal Victoria Hospital, PROOF Belfast Irish Journal of Medical Science Volume XXX Supplement X DOI 10.1007/s11845-016-1482-y 123 123 Journal : Large 11845 Dispatch : 17-8-2016 Pages : 57 Article No. : 1482 h LE h TYPESET MS Code : 1482 h44CP h DISK Ir J Med Sci Disclosure statement This supplement is paid for by the Irish Endocrine Society. However the meeting costs are supported by the following commercial sponsors: Abbott Amgen Astra Zeneca Besins Healthcare BMS Boehringer Ingleheim Consilient Ipsen Janssen-Cilag Kyowa Kirin Lilly Menarini Merck Serono MSD Novartis Novo Nordisk Pfizer Sanofi REVISED PROOF 123 Journal : Large 11845 Dispatch : 17-8-2016 Pages : 57 Article No. : 1482 h LE h TYPESET MS Code : 1482 h44CP h DISK Ir J Med Sci Novo Lecture Nordisk Lecture 1976 D.K. O’Donovan 1977 S. Bloom 1978 J.H.S. Robertson 1979 A.G. Cudworth 1980 D.A.D. Montgomery 1981 Peter Watkins 1982 G. Joplin 1983 D.R. London 1984 A.X. Bertagna 1985 Malcolm Nattrass Laurence Kennedy 1986 Brian Frier JB Ferriss 1987 Maurice Scanlon TJ McKenna 1988 D.A. Heath AB Atkinson 1989 J. Ward GH Tomkin 1990 R. Volpe KD Buchanan 1991 Michael Besser PPA Smyth 1992 R.V. Ragontte DH Hadden 1993 Bruce Weintraub David Powell 1994 Oscar Croffard Patrick Bell 1995 Robert Lindsay Brian Sheridan 1996 C.R.W. Edwards Rosemary Freaney 1997 Stephanie Amiel David McCance 1998 Robert Turner Randle Hayes 1999 Ian Hay Sean K Cunningham 2000 Stephen O’Rahilly Michael Cullen 2001 Andre Lacroix Daphne Owens 2002 J. -
Oocyte Structure and Ultrastructure in the Mexican Silverside Fish Chirostoma Humboldtianum (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)
Oocyte structure and ultrastructure in the Mexican silverside fish Chirostoma humboldtianum (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) Rodolfo Cárdenas1, Mónica Chávez1, José Luis González1, Patricia Aley2, Jesús Espinosa2 & Luis Felipe Jiménez-García3 1. Laboratorio de Endocrinología de Peces, Unidad de Morfología y Función, F.E.S.-Iztacala, U.N.A.M.; rodolf@servi- dor.unam.mx 2. Laboratorio de Neuromorfología, U.I.I.C.S.E., F.E.S.-Iztacala, U.N.A.M. 3. Laboratorio de Microscopia Confocal, Facultad de Ciencias, U.N.A.M. Received 11-VII-2007. Corrected 30-VI-2008. Accepted 31-VII-2008. Abstract: the structural and ultrastructural features of gonads from endemic Mexican fish have received scarce attention. This study describes the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the oocyte in Chirostoma humboldtianum. The ovary is asynchronic, and as such, most phases of oocyte development are found in the same ovary. The complete process of oogenesis was divided in five stages: oogonium and folliculogenesis, pri- mary growth, cortical alveoli and lipid inclusions, vitellogenesis and maturation. The presence of big filaments, which appear at the end of primary growth, induces some common follicular adaptation. During primary growth, abundant ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria are grouped in the cytoplasm. At the end of this stage, the Z1 layer of the chorion is developed, while microvilli start to be evident as well. In the corti- cal alveoli and lipid droplets phase, intense PAS positive vesicles, some of them containing nucleoid material, are observed in the peripheral cytoplasm and the lipid droplets take a more central position. In vitellogenesis, the proteic yolk accumulates in a centripetal way while the chorion is completely formed. -
Inbreeding Ratio and Genetic Relationships Among Strains of the Western Clawed Frog, Xenopus Tropicalis
RESEARCH ARTICLE Inbreeding Ratio and Genetic Relationships among Strains of the Western Clawed Frog, Xenopus tropicalis Takeshi Igawa1¤*, Ai Watanabe1, Atsushi Suzuki1, Akihiko Kashiwagi1, Keiko Kashiwagi1, Anna Noble2, Matt Guille2, David E. Simpson3, Marko E. Horb4, Tamotsu Fujii5, Masayuki Sumida1 1 Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan, 2 School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom, 3 The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 4 Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America, 5 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Culture & Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan ¤ Current Address: Division of Development Science, Graduate School of International Development and OPEN ACCESS Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan * [email protected] Citation: Igawa T, Watanabe A, Suzuki A, Kashiwagi A, Kashiwagi K, Noble A, et al. (2015) Inbreeding Ratio and Genetic Relationships among Strains of the Western Clawed Frog, Xenopus tropicalis. PLoS Abstract ONE 10(7): e0133963. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0133963 The Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, is a highly promising model amphibian, espe- Editor: Gert Jan C. Veenstra, Radboud University cially in developmental and physiological research, and as a tool for understanding disease. Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS It was originally found in the West African rainforest belt, and was introduced to the research Received: January 8, 2015 community in the 1990s. -
Linearized Esculentin-2EM Shows Ph Dependent Antibacterial Activity With
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04181-7 Linearized esculentin‑2EM shows pH dependent antibacterial activity with an alkaline optimum Erum Malik1 · David A. Phoenix2 · Timothy J. Snape3 · Frederick Harris4 · Jaipaul Singh4 · Leslie H. G. Morton4 · Sarah R. Dennison5 Received: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Here the hypothesis that linearized esculentin 2EM (E2EM-lin) from Glandirana emeljanovi possesses pH dependent activ- ity is investigated. The peptide showed weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MLCs ≥ 75.0 μM) but potent efcacy towards Gram-positive bacteria (MLCs ≤ 6.25 μM). E2EM-lin adopted an α-helical structure in the presence of bacterial membranes that increased as pH was increased from 6 to 8 (↑ 15.5–26.9%), whilst similar increases in pH enhanced the ability of the peptide to penetrate (↑ 2.3–5.1 mN m−1) and lyse (↑ 15.1–32.5%) these membranes. Theoretical analysis predicted that this membranolytic mechanism involved a tilted segment, that increased along the α-helical long axis of E2EM-lin (1–23) in the N → C direction, with − < µH > increasing overall from circa − 0.8 to − 0.3. In combination, these data showed that E2EM-lin killed bacteria via novel mechanisms that were enhanced by alkaline conditions and involved the formation of tilted and membranolytic, α-helical structure. The preference of E2EM-lin for Gram-positive bacteria over Gram-negative organisms was primarily driven by the superior ability of phosphatidylglycerol to induce α-helical structure in the peptide as compared to phosphatidylethanolamine. These data were used to generate a novel pore-forming model for the membranolytic activity of E2EM-lin, which would appear to be the frst, major reported instance of pH dependent AMPs with alkaline optima using tilted structure to drive a pore-forming process. -
Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot
Ecosystem Profile WESTERN GHATS & SRI LANKA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT WESTERN GHATS REGION FINAL VERSION MAY 2007 Prepared by: Kamal S. Bawa, Arundhati Das and Jagdish Krishnaswamy (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology & the Environment - ATREE) K. Ullas Karanth, N. Samba Kumar and Madhu Rao (Wildlife Conservation Society) in collaboration with: Praveen Bhargav, Wildlife First K.N. Ganeshaiah, University of Agricultural Sciences Srinivas V., Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning incorporating contributions from: Narayani Barve, ATREE Sham Davande, ATREE Balanchandra Hegde, Sahyadri Wildlife and Forest Conservation Trust N.M. Ishwar, Wildlife Institute of India Zafar-ul Islam, Indian Bird Conservation Network Niren Jain, Kudremukh Wildlife Foundation Jayant Kulkarni, Envirosearch S. Lele, Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment & Development M.D. Madhusudan, Nature Conservation Foundation Nandita Mahadev, University of Agricultural Sciences Kiran M.C., ATREE Prachi Mehta, Envirosearch Divya Mudappa, Nature Conservation Foundation Seema Purshothaman, ATREE Roopali Raghavan, ATREE T. R. Shankar Raman, Nature Conservation Foundation Sharmishta Sarkar, ATREE Mohammed Irfan Ullah, ATREE and with the technical support of: Conservation International-Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Assisted by the following experts and contributors: Rauf Ali Gladwin Joseph Uma Shaanker Rene Borges R. Kannan B. Siddharthan Jake Brunner Ajith Kumar C.S. Silori ii Milind Bunyan M.S.R. Murthy Mewa Singh Ravi Chellam Venkat Narayana H. Sudarshan B.A. Daniel T.S. Nayar R. Sukumar Ranjit Daniels Rohan Pethiyagoda R. Vasudeva Soubadra Devy Narendra Prasad K. Vasudevan P. Dharma Rajan M.K. Prasad Muthu Velautham P.S. Easa Asad Rahmani Arun Venkatraman Madhav Gadgil S.N. Rai Siddharth Yadav T. Ganesh Pratim Roy Santosh George P.S. -
Safety Data Sheet
SAFETY DATA SHEET SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME DHEA (Prasterone) (Micronized) PRODUCT CODE 0733 SUPPLIER MEDISCA Inc. Tel.: 1.800.932.1039 | Fax.: 1.855.850.5855 661 Route 3, Unit C, Plattsburgh, NY, 12901 3955 W. Mesa Vista Ave., Unit A-10, Las Vegas, NV, 89118 6641 N. Belt Line Road, Suite 130, Irving, TX, 75063 MEDISCA Pharmaceutique Inc. Tel.: 1.800.665.6334 | Fax.: 514.338.1693 4509 Rue Dobrin, St. Laurent, QC, H4R 2L8 21300 Gordon Way, Unit 153/158, Richmond, BC V6W 1M2 MEDISCA Australia PTY LTD Tel.: 1.300.786.392 | Fax.: 61.2.9700.9047 Unit 7, Heritage Business Park 5-9 Ricketty Street, Mascot, NSW 2020 EMERGENCY PHONE CHEMTREC Day or Night Within USA and Canada: 1-800-424-9300 NSW Poisons Information Centre: 131 126 USES Adjuvant; Androgen SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS CLASSIFICATION Toxic to Reproduction (Category 2) PICTOGRAM SIGNAL WORD Warning HAZARD STATEMENT(S) Reproductive effector, prohormone. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. May cause harm to breast-fed children. Causes serious eye irritation. Causes skin and respiratory irritation. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. AUSTRALIA-ONLY HAZARDS Not Applicable. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT(S) Prevention Wash thoroughly after handling. Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Do not breathe dusts or mists. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing. Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection, face protection. Avoid release to the environment. Response IF ON SKIN (HAIR): Wash with plenty of water. -
Endangered Species
FEATURE: ENDANGERED SPECIES Conservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes ABSTRACT: This is the third compilation of imperiled (i.e., endangered, threatened, vulnerable) plus extinct freshwater and diadromous fishes of North America prepared by the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee. Since the last revision in 1989, imperilment of inland fishes has increased substantially. This list includes 700 extant taxa representing 133 genera and 36 families, a 92% increase over the 364 listed in 1989. The increase reflects the addition of distinct populations, previously non-imperiled fishes, and recently described or discovered taxa. Approximately 39% of described fish species of the continent are imperiled. There are 230 vulnerable, 190 threatened, and 280 endangered extant taxa, and 61 taxa presumed extinct or extirpated from nature. Of those that were imperiled in 1989, most (89%) are the same or worse in conservation status; only 6% have improved in status, and 5% were delisted for various reasons. Habitat degradation and nonindigenous species are the main threats to at-risk fishes, many of which are restricted to small ranges. Documenting the diversity and status of rare fishes is a critical step in identifying and implementing appropriate actions necessary for their protection and management. Howard L. Jelks, Frank McCormick, Stephen J. Walsh, Joseph S. Nelson, Noel M. Burkhead, Steven P. Platania, Salvador Contreras-Balderas, Brady A. Porter, Edmundo Díaz-Pardo, Claude B. Renaud, Dean A. Hendrickson, Juan Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, John Lyons, Eric B. Taylor, and Nicholas E. Mandrak, Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Jelks, Walsh, and Burkhead are research McCormick is a biologist with the biologists with the U.S. -
Vargas KEA, Et Al. Hepatotoxicity Associated with Methylstenbolone and Copyright© Vargas KEA, Et Al
1. Medical Journal of Clinical Trials & Case Studies ISSN: 2578-4838 Hepatotoxicity Associated with Methylstenbolone and Stanozolol Abuse Vargas KEA*, Guaraná TA, Biccas BN, Agoglia LV, Carvalho ACG, Case Report Gismondi R and Esberard EBC Volume 2 Issue 5 Received Date: July 27, 2018 Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, and Published Date: September 03, 2018 Department of Pathology, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000176 University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *Corresponding author: Vargas Karen Elizabeth Arce, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Ernani do Amaral Peixoto Avenue, 935. Ap.901 / Cep.24020043, Brazil, Tel: 005521981584624; Email: [email protected] Abstract Background & Objectives: Drug hepatotoxicity is a major cause of liver disease. Many drugs are well known to induce liver damage. Some toxic products, like anabolic androgenic steroids, that are pharmaceutical preparations since they contain pharmaceutically active substance, are available as nutritional supplements. Many patients are used to consume these like dietary stuff. Methods: We introduce a case series of two patients who developed hepatic damage after the consumption of anabolic- androgenic steroids, accompanied by a detailed bibliographic research on this topic. Results: We present two young men who developed significant liver damage, both with hyperbilirubinemia pattern after consumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids. This was associated with considerable morbidity, although both recovered without liver transplantation. The two anabolic-androgenic steroids were being marketed as dietary supplements. Conclusions: Although not well controlled substances in Brazil, anabolic-androgenic steroids are cause of severe hepatotoxicity. -
Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Myanmar
Zootaxa 3785 (1): 045–058 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7EF35A95-5C75-4D16-8EE4-F84934A80C2A A new species of striped Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Myanmar MARK WILKINSON1,5, BRONWEN PRESSWELL1,2, EMMA SHERRATT1,3, ANNA PAPADOPOULOU1,4 & DAVID J. GOWER1 1Department of Zoology!, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK 2Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin New Zealand 3Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cam- bridge, MA 02138, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 41809, USA 5Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ! Currently the Department of Life Sciences Abstract A new species of striped ichthyophiid caecilian, Ichthyophis multicolor sp. nov., is described on the basis of morpholog- ical and molecular data from a sample of 14 specimens from Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The new species resembles superficially the Indian I. tricolor Annandale, 1909 in having both a pale lateral stripe and an adjacent dark ventrolateral stripe contrasting with a paler venter. It differs from I. tricolor in having many more annuli, and in many details of cranial osteology, and molecular data indicate that it is more closely related to other Southeast Asian Ichthyophis than to those of South Asia. The caecilian fauna of Myanmar is exceptionally poorly known but is likely to include chikilids as well as multiple species of Ichthyophis. -
Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the Techniques, and Recent Predictions Western Ghats of Goa and Karnataka (Dinesh Et Al
JoTT NOTE 2(8): 1105-1108 New site records of Gegeneophis upsurge in the description of new goaensis and G. mhadeiensis species in Gegeneophis may be due to optimization of surveying (Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the techniques, and recent predictions Western Ghats of Goa and Karnataka (Dinesh et al. 2009) indicate future discovery of new species from this genus. 1 2 Gopalakrishna Bhatta , K.P. Dinesh , Gegeneophis goaensis was described by Bhatta et 3 4 P. Prashanth , Nirmal U. Kulkarni & al. (2007a) from Keri Village, Sattari Taluk, North Goa 5 C. Radhakrishnan District, Goa based on a set of three specimens collected in September 2006 and July 2008. G. mhadeiensis 1 Department of Biology, BASE Educational Service Pvt. Ltd., was described in 2007 from Chorla Village, Khanapur Basavanagudi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560004, India 2,5 Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Taluk, Belgaum District, Karnataka from a set of three Eranhipalam, Kozhikode, Kerala 673006, India specimens collected during 2006 (Bhatta et al. 2007b). 3 Agumbe Rainforest Research Station, Agumbe, Karnataka During our recent explorations for these secretive animals 577411, India 4 in the bordering districts of Maharashtra (Sindhudurg), Hiru Naik Building, Dhuler Mapusa, Goa 403507, India Email: 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Goa (North Goa) and Karnataka (Belgaum), we collected an individual of G. goaensis (Image 1) below the soil heap surrounding a banana plantation in Chorla In India the order Gymnophiona Müller is represented Village (Karnataka) on 05 August 2009 (Table 1). All by 26 species under four genera in two families (Dinesh the morphological and morphometric details were in et al.