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environmental indicators for METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE BULLETIN 8 OCTOBER 2005 air quality biodiversity buildings AIUS environmental indicators for litter transport METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF URBAN STUDIES & CITY OF MELBOURNE BULLETIN 8 www.aius.org.au/indicators metropolitan melbourne profile ���������� ���� ��������� ������ � � � ����� ������ �������� � ���������� � �� � � ��������� ���������� ������� � ��� ���� ���� ������� � ������ ������� �������� ������� ������� ��������� � ������� �������� � � ���������� ����� � ������� � ���� ���� ��������� � ����������� � ��������� � ������ ������ � �������� � ����������� �� ����� ���������� ��������� ����� ���������� ���� �������� Region Local Government Area Area (square Estimated Residential Population density kilometres) Population, June 2004 (population per km2) Central Melbourne 36.1 61 670 1708.3 Port Phillip 20.7 82 857 4002.7 Yarra 19.5 69 749 3576.8 Total 76.3 214 276 2808.3 Inner Boroondara 60.2 158 290 2629.4 Darebin 53.5 127 521 2383.5 Glen Eira 38.7 122 901 3175.7 Maribyrnong 31.2 62 054 1988.9 Moonee Valley 44.3 109 165 2464.2 Moreland 50.9 138 773 2726.3 Stonnington 25.6 90 903 3550.8 Total 304.4 809 607 2659.6 Middle Banyule 62.6 117 323 1874.1 Bayside 37 89 232 2411.6 Brimbank 123.4 174 426 1413.5 Greater Dandenong 129.7 127 230 980.9 Hobsons Bay 64.4 83 199 1291.9 Kingston 91.1 136 684 1500.3 Knox 113.9 150 044 1317.3 Manningham 113.3 113 920 1005.4 Monash 61.4 161 544 2631.0 Maroondah 81.5 100 943 1238.5 Whitehorse 64.3 144 935 2254.0 Total 942.6 1 399 480 1484.7 Outer Cardinia 1281.6 54 543 42.5 Casey 409.9 201 913 492.5 Frankston 129.6 118 951 917.8 Hume 503.8 148 195 294.1 Melton 527.6 71 350 135.2 Mornington Peninsula 723.6 137 467 189.9 Nillumbik 430.4 60 623 140.8 Whittlesea 489.4 126 297 258.0 Wyndham 542.1 107 868 198.9 Yarra Ranges 2471.6 143 228 57.9 Total 8832.9 1 170 435 132.5 Metropolitan Area 8832.9 3 593 798 406.8 Environmental Indicators for Metropolitan Melbourne – Bulletin 8 steering committee members 2005 Lisa Di Felice AIUS – Project Convenor – Chair City of Boroondara Nevil Amos Department of Sustainability and Environment Karina Bader City of Melbourne Brock Baker Sustainability Victoria Michael Dodd City of Bayside Dietmar Dinges Environmental Protection Authority Victoria Lisa Kermode City of Banyule Kim McDonald City of Melbourne Alan O’Brien City of Moonee Valley Lalitha Ramachandran City of Darebin Steve Roddis Department of Infrastructure Silvana Predebon City of Yarra Financial support from each of these councils is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support also provided by Bayside, Hobsons Bay, Hume, Moonee Valley, Nillumbik, Port Phillip, Stonnington and Financial support also provided by: Whittlesea. This Bulletin was researched and written by Vera Wong* in collaboration with members of the steering committee *Environmental Editor Consultant Phone 0438 624 229 All Bulletins are available at http://www.aius.org.au/indicators. Please contact the City of Melbourne on (03) 9658 9658 or via email [email protected] for additional copies of this bulletin. ISSN: 1447-2449 ISBN: 0-86419-411-0 Statements in this document are not necessarily the views of the organisations involved. Material in this publication may be reproduced subject to acknowledgement of AIUS. Printed on 100% recycled paper. Design and production by William Troedel & Company Pty Ltd Environmental Indicators for Metropolitan Melbourne – Bulletin 8 1 contents Foreword 3 What you can do to encourage ecologically sustainable development (ESD)? At a Glance – A summary of 4. Litter 44 what’s been happening 4 Pressure Introduction 5 Condition Urban Litter Waterway Litter Pressure – Condition – Beach Litter Response 5 Response What you can do to decrease littering? 1. Air Quality 6 5. Transport 53 Pressure Condition Pressure Particles Motor Vehicles Ozone Public Transport Response Cycling and Walking What you can do to improve air quality? Condition Public Transport 2. Biodiversity 15 Cycling Response Pressure Behaviour Change Programs Condition What you can do to increase walking, cycling and public Remnant Vegetation transport use? Birds Threatened Species References 66 Sites of Biological Significance Response Council Incentives for Biodiversity and Land Appendices 69 Management Appendix A – Bioregional Conservation Status of What else you can do to conserve Melbourne’s unique Ecological Vegetation Classes biodiversity? Appendix B – Threatened Fauna 3. Buildings 31 Appendix C – Threatened Flora Pressure Acknowledgements 71 Energy and Greenhouse Water Use Waste Condition Green Building Products Response Regulations – 5 Star and beyond Rating Tools 2 Environmental Indicators for Metropolitan Melbourne – Bulletin 8 Environmental Indicators for Metropolitan Melbourne – Bulletin 8 3 foreword On behalf of the Australian Institute of Urban Studies The introduction of a number of new state and local (AIUS) and the Steering Committee, I am pleased to government representatives on the committee provided present the eighth annual edition of Environmental great insight into the issues facing the state of the Indicators for Metropolitan Melbourne. environment in metropolitan Melbourne. The Bulletin revisits the themes in Bulletin 6 reflecting on I would like to thank the Boroondara City Council for the how air pollution, high energy consumption, litter, waste opportunity to be a part of the Steering Committee and and the continued decline in biodiversity have all arisen for supporting my contribution of time to the development from population and economic pressures. of this Bulletin. The Bulletin looks at the ways these conditions have I would also like to extend my thanks to Vera Wong, impacted on metropolitan Melbourne, and what steps are the Bulletin consultant, for her invaluable support and being taken by the building and transport sectors as well commitment to working with the Committee to research, as the litter prevention programs, to reduce environmental compile and interpret information that went into producing impact. this Bulletin. The data gathered provides invaluable information on the Gratitude also needs to be given to the many individuals environmental conditions and priority issues facing each and organisations that offered data and case studies metropolitan Melbourne municipality. This information which, assisted in creating a Bulletin that captures provides useful benchmarking data, and indicates current, relevant and meaningful information. where more attention is required to improve the local environmental situation. To improve the accessibility of this data, in mid 2005 the AIUS proudly launched its indicators website. The The Bulletin brings together case studies and tips on what website can be found at www.aius.org.au/indicators councils, the community, and individuals can do to lead a more environmentally sustainable life. All metropolitan councils, state government departments and other organisations that are interested in sitting on The Bulletin is an excellent example of what can be the committee in 2006 can contact the AIUS. achieved through collaboration and partnerships. The City of Melbourne has made the project possible through Lisa Di Felice its substantial support of the project in terms of financial Project Convener resources, human resources and hosting meetings. Australian Institute of Urban Studies. This Bulletin would not be possible without the support Please forward any comments on this Bulletin to of the members of the Steering Committee who Australian Institute of Urban Studies, GPO Box 2620 contributed their time and commitment to the project. Melbourne 3001. 2 Environmental Indicators for Metropolitan Melbourne – Bulletin 8 3 At a Glance – a summary of what’s been happening The ‘Envirometer’ gives a snapshot of the key messages from the data presented. However it is not a quantitative measurement. Readers should not interpret the Envirometer in isolation from the detailed data and commentary provided. The Envirometer ‘score’ has been based on the current condition of each issue presented. Air Quality • Five of the six common pollutants identified by the EPA have been within acceptable limits for many years. Air Particles (which exceeds acceptable limits every year) and Ozone (which rarely exceeds the acceptable limit) are of most concern in Melbourne. • The highest ever recorded particle levels were recorded in 2003. The pollution was caused by The Envirometer severe bush fires in northeast Victoria and south east NSW and widespread dust storms. Air quality is improving, but motor vehicles and wood • The PM10 objective, or desired maximum level of particle pollution, was exceeded at an EPA air heaters need to used more monitoring station a maximum of seven days during 2004. Melbourne’s Air Particle Index was wisely. exceeded at an air monitoring station a maximum of 10 days. • Despite these exceedences, Melbourne’s overall air quality is improving due to the phasing in of cleaner motor vehicles, cleaner fuels, control in industrial emissions, the adoption of cleaner technology and control on backyard burning. Biodiversity • 32% of Melbourne’s original vegetation remains, mostly within the protected water catchment areas. Only 10% of the original vegetation remains in the rest of the metropolitan area. The Envirometer Melbourne’s indigenous vegetation has been categorised into around 80 Ecological Vegetation Our indigenous biodiversity is Communities. continually under threat, and we need to do much more •
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