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Issue 10 - October 1994 National Youth Federation Youth and the l/outh :t� c 1 work " ...., CULTURE FOCUS

At the end of the 1980s, dences between this and earlier paraphernalia, the centrality of Rave Culture, underpinned sub-cultures. As with the Mods and drugs and the quasi-spiritual el­ by the use of the drug Rockers of the 1960s, the tabloid ements of Rave Culture also owes media, police and moral establish­ much to the 'flower power' move­ Ecstasy, became the most ment rapidly sought ways to con­ ment of the late 1960s. These are vibrant, popular and visible demn and control these latter-day cultural continuities, borrowings cultural expression of folk-devils. from earlier periods of youth culture young people. It is further argued that the and it would be surprising if this sort After the late 1970s, after Punk, 'do-it-yourself ethos inherent in the of reassembly of cultural themes, youth culture seemed to have gone production of Rave music recalls icons and imagery did not occur. to sleep. The 'Thatcher Generation' the attitude of Punks to the music However, whilst accepting that was investigated by documentary industry in the late 1970s. Rave Rave shares many thematic links makers and found to be individual­ music is based upon the 'sampling' with youth styles, sufficient argu­ istic, apathetic and conservative. of previously recorded tracks and ment exists to argue that Rave Cul­ The parade of rebellious, post-war tunes, and the culture of Rave, like ture represents a significant break youth styles - from Teddy Boys to Punk, eschews the cult of the indi­ in the chain of post-war youth Punks - seemed to have come to an vidual 'star' performer. 'Posses' or sub-cultures and that Rave Culture abrupt halt by the mid-1980s. Part­ is something distinct from its youth ly as a consequence of this, and during the week young cultural predecessors. partly because of the rising levels of Firstly, previous youth sub-cul­ youth unemployment in the early Ravers may be living for tures have only ever been popu­ 1980s, sub-cultural studies of youth the weekend, but they lated by a small minority of young gave way to investigations which will be largely people. Whilst the majority of ,entred on young people in the la­ unidentifiable in their young people have not become ac­ bour market. Previous fascination tive participants in Rave Culture, its with stylistic resistance was all but workplace, their appeal has been far greater than abandoned. colleges and their that of Punk, Skinhead or Teddy­ The theoretical discussions that home ... Boy culture. have taken place have tended to Secondly, the Rave phenom­ centre on an assessment of the collectives of faceless DJs, pro­ enon is not wholly nor essentially usefulness of sub-culture theory in ducers and musicians with their own working-class. Some suggest that understanding Rave with Rave, and systems of production and distribu­ Rave is a middle-class affair. Rave its predecessor Acid House being tion are more important here. In Culture holds appeal across class regarded as nothing new. Sub-cul­ these ways certain elements of the lines and across class fractions. ture theorists argue that Rave Cul­ Rave Culture - particularly the 'al­ Some Rave clubs cater specifically ture is simply a 'third generation' of ternative living' collectives asso­ for those over the age of 25. Thus, 'youthful refusals' following the re­ ciated with the New Age Traveller the Rave Culture is made up ofquite bellious traditions of the Hippies philosophy share much with the diverse class cultural/age group­ and the Punks. Many argue that anarchic, anti-capitalism of Punk. ings. Given that the fundamental there are some strong correspon- The psychedelic imagery, the hippy element of sub-cultural theory was ------over > l:. Irish YouthWork Scene - October 1994 page 3 CONTENT Selling Youthwork

ome youthwork - in particular work targetted at "problem" young Youth Work Focus S people - can attract interest and even favourable comment. But it is

• Youth and the Rave Culture 3 often seen primarily as social work, remedial education or community development rather than as youthwork per se. Profiles of such projects

often portray the young people concerned as victims being saved by Youth Work Practice charismatic and enlightened figureheads. Such a portrayal corrupts and

• Regional Profile: Athlone 5 ultimately undermines the youthwork objective of enabling and em­

• Bullying and the Youth powering independent thought and action. Avoiding this trap greatly Service 8 hampers efforts to "sell" good youthwork in a marketplace which dis­

counts positive news in favour of salacious and sensationalist head­ Youth Work Policy lines. Good youthwork is capable of teaching things which the formal sys­ • A new system of Juvenile Justice 6 tem cannot, not because of any failure by teachers or pupils, but be­ cause of the fundamentally institutional nature of that system. The

relaxed pandemonium of a Friday night youth club, apart from being a Youth Work Resources place where young people have chosen to meet, presents them with an

• Books, Packs, Videos for clubs opportunity to develop skills informally which simply cannot be "taught". and community groups 10 However, if we want people to take the time and trouble to see past the

superficial process of youthwork as leisure activity then we need to in­

Youth Work Policy terest and inform them. How can we sell the message that youthwork

• Dail Watch 12 has a substantive role? The case begins with a recognition that the education system has to

change in order to remain relevant to the needs of our changing society Youth Work News with its new patterns of working and living. Already the current second

• Information on Funding, level system is failing one in five of the young people of this island seminar news, Irish Youth Work· Awards winners 13 every year. In some communities the proportion is closer to four in five. These are remarkable statistics, made all the more extraordinary by the

general lack of debate they engender. The problem may be alleviated Irish Youth Work Scene but it will not be solved simply by increasing budgets in order to provide A magazine published by the National Youth Federation more of the same. Complementary new approaches will also be needed 20 Lower Dominick Street, Dublin 1. Tel: 01 8729933 I Fax: 01 8724183 in areas such as adult education and youthwork. The distinguishing characteristic of these approaches is that they are informal and primar­ It is open to all readers to exchange information or to put forward your points of ily voluntary, thereby establishing an entirely different relationship be­ view. Send in news, photos, comments, teen "pupil" and "teacher'' (or rather mentor). letters or articles to the editor. Views expressed in this magazine are the The youth service is capable of being an important part of an over­ contributor's own and do not all education system that recognises and values the informal ethos and necessarily reflect those of the National Youth Federation. practice of the voluntary system. Good youthwork enables the develop­

ment of personal and social skills which are inevitably stunted in the in-

Cover Photo: . stitutional setting of formal education. These skills are becoming more Mansion House Rave by Bryan Meade and more central to our expectations in regard to the development of

competent social individuals. They are no longer something which can Contributors: Fran Bissett, John Dunne, Ken Keogh, be left to chance or to the traditional socialising forces of previous gen­ Louise Hurley, Robert Macdonald, erations. Securing recognition of this fact is the key to selling youth­ Jacqueline Merchant, work. t!-� Gearoid O Maoilmhichil LI-� Eoin O'Sullivan, Avril Soper Nauonal LaITER'r'

� - Irish YouthWork Scene - October 1994 page 2 that youth sub-cultures should be virtually unique. Again, in terms of 1990s. The relationship between understood as the symbolic re­ ethnicity, Rave Culture seems to be young people's cultures and social sponses of working-class kids to the unusually democratic. structural formations of class, gen­ material inequalities they faced, it is Fifthly, Rave Culture does not der and ethnic inequalities have be­ therefore impossible to conceptual­ involve all-consuming and readily come more complex and less easily ize Rave in the same way. identifiable visual styles of dress traced. The changing ways in which

Thirdly, attempting to compre­ body adornment or hairstyle. The the identities of working-class indi­ hend youth culture as falling on one only unifying 'focal concerns' it has viduals are shaped through pro­ side of the resistance/acceptance are those connected with getting to longed career transitions in early dichotomy neglects the realities of and being at Raves and getting and adulthood. Profoundly recon­ youth culture. Sub-cultures, it is ar­ taking drugs; these are temporally structed patterns of working life for gued, were about resistance, specific activities organized primar­ young people have fractured previ­ through rituals, to the dominant ily around the weekend. During the ous routes toward working-class

forms of society. Rave culture can­ week young Ravers may be living adult careers and identities. not be understood Whilst recent in this way. On oc­ research has casions it has of­ begun to investi· fered up direct gate the cultural opposition to the responses of powers that be youth to their

(particularly when changing econ­ the State has at­ omic circum­

tempted to control stances, research

and outlaw Raves), must now begin to

but even here the think as well as

demand has been exploring the cul­

for no more than tures of youth the 'Right to Party'. away from the

Rave Culture is es­ spheres of sentially hedonis­ ecoomy and tic; it is about production. having fun and The time ha feeling good. It come for a does not seek to broader concep change the status quo but to allow for the weekend, but they will be tualisation of youth, for cultural room for young people to enjoy largely unidentifiable in their work­ explorations which, as well as dance music and to take drugs like place, their colleges and their detailing the often depressing

Ecstasy. homes. Rave culture is not gang realities of young lives limited by

Fourthly, unlike all the sub-cul­ culture. It is more diffuse, disorgan­ unequal and narrowing economic tures women are not marginal to the ized and invisible. opportunities, touch upon the high

Rave Culture. Rave is not an es­ For these reasons, it is not ap­ points of youth. sentially masculine affair and Rave propriate to describe Rave Culture

Culture, unlike many other youth as simply another youth sub-culture. This article is extracted from a lengthier article sub-cultures, is not dominated by It may well be that sub-cultural titled: Youth & the Rave Culture, Ecstasy & machoism and masculine styles of analysis is inappropriate for the task Health by Jacqu eline Merchant and Robert behaviour. The more egalitarian of understanding developments in, Macdonald, which appeared in the Summer gender relations and the lack of and forms of, youth culture in the 1994 edition of Youth & P.olicy. sexual threat at Raves make them

Irish YouthWork Scene - October 1994 - page 4 Re g l. o n a 1 P r o f l. 1 e l/outh ATHLONE YOUTH T work COMMUNITY PROJECT PRACTICE 'I'm more confident in my­ Of course young people like to self' says Mandy Nugent from have fun, so in addition to these support and tolerance the team Battery Heights. 'I know how discussions groups there are a lot of could not have worked so effective­ to speak up for myself' says her complimentary group activities or­ ly and indeed to Co. Westmeath friend Pauline Fitzmaurice. ganised like outdoor sports events. 'I V.E.C. for example, a group of 35 young think half of them should be Much of the work of the project people participated in an energetic thrown out for messing _ the could not be achieved without the day of outdoor sports with the Birr boys are alright' says Peter dedication and 'behind the scenes' Outdoor Education Centre in June. Quinn form St. Meis Terrace. work of volunteers who generously The group also develop their cre­ These are someof the diverse give of their time to meeting with ative talents through craft, paining reactions to an innovative youth groups as well as time for prepara­ etc. A group of young people and project organised under the banner tion and planning of programmes volunteers also participated in a of Athlone Youth Community Pro­ and events. In tum the project Sailing Course with Athlone Yacht ject. The project which was estab­ offers training opportunities in Club and sponsored by Co. West­ lished by the National Youth youth work skills as well as per­ meath V.E.C. Federation in October 1991, in­ sonal and leadership development. This year the project was proud volves young people between the In the Autumn the project will to play host to a new initiative in ages of 9 and 21. The project em­ be running a Certificate in Youth youth development in the town by ploys two full-time and one part­ Work Skills as an extra mural introducing a group of young boys time staff. They are Joan Brosnan course from St. Patrick's college, and girls in St. Mel's Terrace t.o the Yvonne Fleming an Mary Cannon'. Maynooth. For the most part vol­ area of self expression through They along with 15 local volunteers unteers are from local areas where drama and role play. Michael are working to the aim of support­ clubs are based and generally be­ Collins, who himself stars in the ing and challenging young people come involved because of their in­ R.T.E. series Glenroe, has been as they strive to achieve their full terest and belief in developing the making the weekly journey to Ath­ potential. The central medium potential of young people. Often lone for the last eight weeks and which the group leaders use is a volunteers are people who have has delighted this group of young series of 'talk/ action' groups where come through a youth group them­ people with his insights into the young people are encouraged to selves. Gina Farrell, a long time culture of the travelling people. discuss and explore their thoughts, volunteer with the projects says, 'I 'Because you have stopped travelling', attitudes and feelings on a wide used to belong to a youth group and I he said 'doesn't mean that you stop range of issues which are important feel now I can give back to young being a traveller'. He inspired lively in their lives. In tum young people people something that I benefited from discussion an enthusiastic partici­ are challenged tobecome more myself'. pation throughout the programme aware of their own talents and cre­ For anyone interested in volun­ which took place for the most part ativity, of the possibilities for their teering with Athlone Youth Com­ in St. Mel's Terrace and in the Ath­ future and the achievement of their munity Project or in finding out lone Youth Resource Centre at a full potential. Thus, Elaine Berry more about the project contact Joan later stage. The programme was form Battery Heights, a member of Brosnan, Yvonne Fleming or Mary devised, co-ordinated and implem­ the young women's group says 'We Cannon at (0902)94360 or call into ented by members of the youth pro­ do things that we never dreamed of the office which is located on the ject Patricia Reilly, Josie McArdle doing. I went to places that I'd never top floor of the Old Forrister build­ and Joan Brosnan. A special word been to like conferences, universities ing, Fry Place, Athlone. of thanks to the L.S.U. Sisters Mary, and the Dublin City Marathon. We Cecily and Phyllis without whose This article has been reproduced with the got more confidence and self esteem.• kind permissiono f the West Meath Independent.

� Irish YouthWork scene October 1994 - page 5 l/outh A rl=::t�=• Srsterm el Twork llSTICE

Eoin O'Sullivan, Children's and Young Person's Legal Centre, POLICY takes a look at a new approach of Juvenile Justice

Irish society that provides the funda­ Juvenile Justice Legislation UN Convention on the mental rights of all members of so­ at a Crossroads Rights of the Child ciety. As Young has highlighted If we were to draw a map of the city Over the past two decades, the The UN Convention on the Rights outlining areas of high infant mortal­ Irish system of juvenile justice has at­ of the Child establishes as the aim of ity, bad housing, unemployment, tracted considerable criticism regarding child penal justice the entitlement of poor nutrition etc we would find the archaic nature of many of its provi­ children to be treated in a manner con­ that all these maps would coincide sions: the lack of suitable secure accom­ sistent with the child's age and the de­ and that further, the outline traced modation for young offenders, in sirability of promoting the child's would correspond to those areas of particular young female offenders; the reintegration and the child's assuming a high criminal victimisation. And lack of a comprehensive spectrum of constructive role in society. Ireland those suffering from street crime community based alternatives to cor­ ratified this convention in September would also suffer most from white­ rective institutionalisation; the lack of 1992, and the following principles and collar and corporate crime. any innovative thinking regarding the proposals are guided by this broad ob­ issue and the fragmented nature of the jective: The Focus of current system of juvenile justice. • Juvenile Justice is a complex issue Juvenile Justice System Despite numerous reports, both and there are no simple solutions to statutory and independent, highlight­ preventing juvenile delinquency. The majority of young people ing the inadequacy of the current sys­ There are no glib answers or rem­ coming before the courts have a very tem of juvenile justice and the urgent edies. The causes of juvenile crime limited stake in conventional society. need to replace rather than modify the are multi-factorial and, thus, re­ Their prospects of employment are 1908 Act, successive Governments, des­ sponses must be developed in a hol­ bleak. Their poor educational attain­ pite regular promises, have failed to in­ istic, integrated and comprehensive ments and minimal work skills place troduce the promised new juvenile manner, both at the local level an at them at a decided disadvantage in the justice legislation. Thus, the current Departmental level. labour market even at the best of times. system of juvenile justice, with the ex­ • A Juvenile Justice Bill can never be Their housing and environmental ception of a number of minor new the appropriate mechanism for re­ conditions aggravate their disadvan­ measures, is rooted in early 20th cen­ ducing juvenile crime. It simply will tage. Rarely can they entertain anY. tury conceptualisation of childhood regulate the responses we formally realistic hope that things will improve. and a philosophy of justice which is in administer to those who are sus­ The reward which they perceive for the main viewed as unacceptable in a pected of committing an offence and conforming to the values and norms of society, where a respect for the rights of who are deemed guilty of an offence. society is continuing poverty and inef­ the child and protection for children is The reduction of juvenile crime lies fectiveness. It is clearly not by any re­ increasingly viewed as desirable. in the responses of other authorities form of the criminal justice system, but It is with a certain degree of be­ such as Health, Environment, Educa­ rather by a more wide ranging econ­ musement, that when one surveys the tion and Labour to young people. omic and social policies, that the prob­ extent of literature that has repeatedly Juvenile justice policy cannot deal lem of juvenile crime can best be decried the existing system of justice or with the kinds of factors which un­ tackled. (Whitaker Committee Report). lack of, to young people, that such derlie recorded delinquency. To stagnation has manifested itself in achieve this we must look to the Proposals for Change terms of a lack of any form of statutory wider areas of social policy. response to a patently ineffective, costly • The forthcoming juvenile justice Bill • The primary focus of a juvenile jus­ (both to the child and the state) and ar­ should explicitly acknowledge that tice system must be the child and chaic system, which currently offers the primary response to juvenile his/her needs. This is based on the little justice to those who are deemed to crime lies with departments other acknowledgement that meeting the have violated the spectrum of activities than the justice department eg. unmet needs of the child is the best that are considered worthy of punish­ Health, Education and Labour and method of protecting society in the ment. the development of an egalitarian future.

� lriah YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 6 • The major concerns must be to ident­ humane reintegration of offenders siderable doubt hangs over the ify ways in which young people can into society. scheme, mainly because of the lack

be kept out of the formal criminal • The Iuvenile Justice Bill should place of any independent critical analysis justice system and retained in their greater value on the care of our and evaluation of how it operates. _ own communities and, at the same young people than on the protection Questions can also be asked bout the time, to consider how the nuisance of property. It should explicitly ac­ locating of this initiative entirely value they can create and the distress knowledge that he majority of juven­ within the domain of the Gardai. they can cause can be reduced, par­ ile crime is crime against property Wider community involvement ticularly in those areas which suffer committed by juveniles suffering might lower the chance of abuses oc­ most from the impact of juvenile multiple deprivation. curring or of the scheme operating in

crime. • The objective of keeping juveniles a distorted and distorting manner.

• The full implementation and ad­ out of the justice system and the pre­ • Community orientation in terms of equate resourcing of the Child Care ferred use of diversionary pro­ delinquency prevention should play Act 1991 is the single most important cedures should be formally a major role in juvenile justice. In step the current Government can acknowledged and legislated for. part solution, Priority Estates Pro­ make to alleviating juvenile crime. Carefully designed evaluative jects model should be developed by To date only 17 of the 79 sections of local authorities in Ireland. In addi­ the Child Care Act, 1991 have been tion, it is now thought that com­ implemented by the government, munity policing can play an and these have not been adequately important role in situational crime resourced. Funding must be made prevention.

available for the implementation of • Rule 4 of the Beijing Rule recom­ the Child Care Act, 1991 as a matter mends that when a state establishes of utmost urgency and certain an age of criminal responsibility the amendments must be made to the beginning of that age shall not be Act. fixed at too low an age bearing in • Measures used to prevent juvenile mind the facts of emotional, mental crime and the sanctions applied to and intellectual maturity. The age juvenile delinquents must be taken of criminal responsibility in Ireland seriously since crime committed by is one of the lowest in Europe and juveniles is a source of real suffering should be raised to 14. To protect for segments of our society. children under the age of 14, pro­ • The factors that can result in young cedures for dealing with them people defying the legal norms of so­ should be spelt out fully. For those ciety are not fully known by the under 14, no interaction with the ju­ statutory policy makers and other venile criminal system should occur. concerned bodies. Research into ju­ Special courts should be established venile delinquency in Ireland is by each Health Board to assess the minimal and the Department of Jus­ welfare of the child in an informal tice and other relevant Departments multi-disciplinary. forum. children should collaborate to fund research processed through the Health projects that address the range of is­ Boards would not receive a criminal sues that encompass what is referred record and for those aged 14 to 18, to as juvenile justice. their criminal conviction would be

• In light of the urgency of the issue, studies are required to fully appraise erased if they satisfied certain basic innovative measures to prevent ju­ the operation of the Juvenile Liaison conditions of good behaviour. venile delinquency must be devel­ scheme and the true significance of • The Minister for Justice should be oped by the Government its contribution. The juvenile Li­ placed under a statutory obligation, departments whose brief is in the aison Scheme represents a poten­ through the proposed Juvenile Jus­ arena of juvenile delinquency in con­ tially very useful and important tice Bill to publish an Annual Report sultation with the various NGOs in­ starting point for the development of on the operation of the Juvenile Jus­ volved in this area. Government new initiatives an approaches to tice system separately form existing Departments must relinquish their young people getting involved in reports that include juvenile of­ current passive, almost disinterested crime. In many respects the Juvenile fenders. role in the area and become the focal Liaison Scheme can be regarded as a This article summarises the major recommendations proposed by the Children point for the development of multi­ positive and very important initiat­ and Young Person's Legal Centre on layered system of prevention and ive of the type towards which we the forthcoming Juvenile Justice Bill. A full copy of their submission is available should be moving. However, con- directlyfrom the Centre.

� Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 7 l/outh

Twork and the Youth Service 1'·...... - 1 Fran Bisset from the Irish YouthWork Centre looks at bullying in the youth club, PRACTICE how to spot it, tackle it and discourage bullying behaviour.

In recent times the problem of • Arriving late for activities/e­ How bullies exercise their power bullying has become extremely topical vents/club nights, delaying going over their victim depends quite often and has created much media attention home after activities, or returning on who they are, who the victim is, and and hype. However serious incidences late from same the context in which the bullying oc­ of bullying as far back as the late nine­ • Struggling with projects and acti­ curs. Some male bullies will use threats teenth century are well documented so vities within the project itself of violence or actual physical intimida­ it was a problem in society long before • Starting to avoid particular tion, while some female bullies prefer it succeeded in making its way into the events/activities/club nights verbal malice or the exclusion of the media spotlight. • Coming home regularly with clothes victim. This scenario fits the traditional Bullying can make a child's life a or possessions missing or damaged stereotype of the male and female misery, be it in the school, community • Coming home hungry (snack money bully. However these stereotypes can or home environment and understand­ having been taken) and often are reversed, so the danger of ing it can be difficult since definitions • Asking for extra pocket money an over-reliance on these stereotypes or of bullying vary from expert to expert. • Becoming withdrawn, starting to the traditional bullying scenario needs No agreement has yet emerged stammer or stutter to be kept in mind. Many bullies will amongst those involved in research on • Becoming distressed, bursting into prove to be quite subtle and manipula­ bullying which allows a standard ac­ tears tive in their activities, so it is worth­ cepted definition of bullying to be ac­ • Loss of appetite while to try to avoid any cepted. The most used definition of • Unexplained cuts and bruises preconceptions about how bullies are bullying was developed by Erling Ro­ • Having/inventing illnesses - head­ supposed to behave. land a leading Scandinavian researcher aches, tummy pains etc. who developed the following definition • Having nightmares, insomnia, cry­ Youth Service Approach which is now used by many· as a base- ing themselves to sleep line: • Bed-wetting In Ireland, very little wide-ranging Bullying is long-standing • Temper outbursts, sudden rudeness, research has been undertaken to date violence, physical or psycho­ abusive language into the problem of bullying behaviour. logical, conducted by an indi­ • Showing sudden lack of confidence, The limited research that has been un­ vidual or group, and directed avoiding friends and other children, dertaken is school-based and indicate against an individual who is making excuses to avoid going out that about 5% of pupils are involved as • Giving improbable/unclear excuses not able to defend himself/her­ bullies and a similar number as victims to explain some of the above self in the actual situation (Mitchel & O'Moore, 1988). Some recent • Attempting suicide. (Roland, 1993, p.22). British studies have found the incidence as high as one in four in many schools. , Thus, physical bullying could in­ It is reasonable to assume that similar .. ··· clude kicking, pushing, spitting on, or ·.;,( levels of incidence occur in a youth set­ beating the victim, while the most com­ � ··1"'·::· ;>� � ting. In fact in many cases the level of ::�· ... mon means of psychological bullying �·-> incidence will be much higher depend­ ·: .... : ;_;}'.'··!, are teasing, scapegoating, rumour ing on the composition of the group en­ spreading and exclusion. A child / gaged in a particular setting. young person may indicate by various Two studies have indicated that the signs, changes in behaviour or actions incidence of bullying is higher among out of character that he or she is being pupils with emotional, behavioural or bullied. The following is a list of poss­ learning difficulties. Mitchel & O'M­ ible signs that may manifest themselves oore found that 16% of children in pri­ if a child/young person is being bul­ mary remedial groups bullied others, lied. Some of these signs would be compared with 6% in non-remedial possible indicators of an individual groups. Dr Brendan Byrne, in a study being bullied in school rather than a of bullying in secondary schools, found youth setting e.g. losing books, din­ 9% of those in remedial classes were ner /snack money, but the majority are bullied compared with 5% in ordinary relevant to any setting or situation classes (Byrne, 1987). where bullying is taking place. Many youth workers who are • Frightened/unwilling to walk to or working in community youth projects, from the youth setting Youthreach transition centres or com­ • Unwilling to go to the youth setting munity training workshops will be • Changing their route to or from the working with young people with such youth setting difficulties or indeed those who have � Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 8 °' ropped out of been expelled from race, culture, religion, gender, sexual Promoting Awareness the formal education system altogether. orientation. The difficulties that such a situation • Humiliating directly or indirectly, a A number of methods could causes was clearly illustrated during member who is particularly academ­ be used to promote greater the seminar on bullying organised by ically or athletically weak or out­ awareness and/or engage dis­ the Irish Youth Work Centre earlier this standing, or vulnerable in other year. A number of seminar participants ways. cussion among members on who are working in community youth • Using any gesture or expression of a the effects of bullying: projects, youthreach centres and com­ threatening or intimidatory nature. • The use of role play/drama munity training workshops highlighted • Using any form of degrading physi­ has proved particularly effec­ this as a problem and stated that in cal contact or exercise. some cases as many as 50-75% of their The second thing that youth tive eg. Sticks 'n' Stones group were directly involved in bully- workers can do is to develop an Theatre Company, a drama ing. anti-bullying code. The advantage of group who visit schools per­ an anti-bullying code is that it sends a forming plays about bullying. Tackling Bullying clear message to parents and members of the youth setting that this behaviour • A youth group could choose to have a theme-based The starting point to tackling bully­ is not tolerated. When something is ing in a youth setting, should begin written down it has far more impact day/week on bullying than an oral statement. It also removes with an acceptance of its existence. awareness or anti-slagging. There needs to be a recognition that in the opportunity for parents or members • When an anti-bullying code/ the vast majority of situations where to say they never knew that the matter policy has been developed it oung people come together bullying was taken so seriously. Ideally this f one form or other takes place. Be­ should be formulated in consultation should be displayed in the with members and displayed in a cause bullying is not visible or individ­ youth setting, possibly in prominent place within the club. uals are not showing any signs of poster form. A competition distress does not mean that the problem Since 'slagging' is perhaps the most could be organised to design does not exist. common form of bullying among The first issue that youth workers young people, and when engaged in such a poster. over a period of time as is usually the have to face when dealing with bully­ • The creating of an anti-bully­ case it becomes extremely hurtful. Re­ ing within the youth service is that ing code and/or a definition bullying behaviour is often exacerbated marks about a person' clothes, physical of bullying by the members due to the broad age range that many appearance, family background, sexual youth clubs and projects cater for. This orientation, can all be used to hurt. If a themselves could be used as often leads to a hierarchical structure or group is involved in this they and the an aid to generating dis­ bystanders may be unaware of the "pecking order" where older youths cussion. ofen bully the younger ones, the suffering that is being caused - "it was • Awareness of the effects of younger boys bully the girls. The word only a laugh" is the usual response. bullying could be raised by 'often' is stressed as this scenario is not Usually, behind the group is the ring­ always the case and in some instances leader - the real bully. Young people discussion with the aid of vi­ need to be made aware of the effects of younger boys bully older boys and deos eg. the film "Lord of the this behaviour, not just the effect it can some girls bully boys. Secondly, re­ Flies"or the RTE Tuesday search shows that many children and have on the individual being bullied but also the behaviour of those who File programme on bullying oung people are unwilling or afraid to bully and how others perceive them. di their parents or teachers when they called 'The Happiest Days'. are being bullied for fear of reprisals, and often turn to their youth worker as BULL YING - A CommunityApproach* a "safe" outlet to confide in. The key person in dealing with A new book soon to be published attempts to place bullying in the context of the wider community. The book is divided into three parts. The first part is entitled "What they say bullying behaviour in a youth setting is about. .. • and consists of a series of statements from children and adults about bullying and the youth worker, because he or she in­ being bullied, the victim and the bully, and the 'in group' teracts with the children/young people The second part describes the background to bullying and considers areas such as what on a regular basis, and is also in a posi­ bullying is, what factors make a person a victim or a bully, and the long-term effect of bullying. tion to set standards on the issue. The Different situations where bullying may occur are examined i.e. the workplace, neighbourhoods, first stage is to acknowledge that a cer­ the youth setting, and sports clubs. There are also sections on 'initiation rites', the 'conspriacy of silence' and the reasons why victims don't tell. tain amount of bullying behaviour is The final section of the book looks at developments in other countries. The central part of taking place and that youth workers this section describes a community approach to bullying, looking at the various roles of the fam­ themselves have a key function in en­ ily, the school, the youth club, the workplace and community projects with the emphasis on put­ suring that their own behaviour does ting theory into practice. The book also includes an extensive resources section. not reinforce bullying behaviour within Dr. Brendan Byrne, the author of the book, has been a secondary school teacher at De La Salle College, Churchtown since 1973. Throughout his teaching career he has taken a particu­ the group. As such youth workers need lar interest in the subject of bullying and has carried out extensive research into the area. In to avoid: 1992 his first book 'Coping with Bullying in Schools' was published. He was a member of the • Using sarcasm or other insulting or expert group appointed to advise the Minister for Education Niamh Bhreathnach on the problem demeaning form of language when of bullying and which produced guidelines for all schools. In April 1994 he was involved in the seminar on bully­ addressing members. ing organised by the Irish YouthWork Centre. Resulting from this seminar guidelines on bullying for youth and • Making negative comments about a community workers are currently being produced by the Irish YouthWork Centre and will be published in No­ member's appearance, background, vember. •Bullying - A Community Approach, will be published on 24 October by Columba Press, Cost: £5.99.

� Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 9 young people primarily in a youth tice and challenge the idea that sup­ work or informal educational set­ port for victims or punishment of l/outh ting. Covers a wide range of cancer bullies will prevent future incidents. related issues such as current atti­ The video introduces a step by step, tudes to cancer, lifestyle, dangers teacher led initiative which enables T work from smoking, alcohol & the sun, them to intervene effectively when diet, coping with cancer & bereave­ bullying occurs. It encourages other ment. pupils to become part of the solution and hopes that those who are bully­ RESOURCES ing will express helpful attitudes and eEtR £oucl1IiuN . change their behaviour, encouraged by not being punished. H�AJ.iTH lou�iiigl PARTICIPATION IN PREVENTION TRAINING MANUAL DRUGDEAL by Youth/ink Wales SUPPORTING SCHOOLS AGAINST by TACADE • Manual designed to provide training BULLYING • A fun way to learn about the effects for youth workers in gaining young by Scottish Council for Research in Education and legal status of drugs, with guid­ people's participation in prevention • Anti-bullying pack that focuses on ance on risk management. The pack work on alcohol and drugs by devel­ involving everyone in an anti-bully­ takes the form of a card game and oping peer -education programmes. ing action strategy. The pack con­ looks at current patterns of drug use Although the manual has been de­ tains two booklets, the above booklet and newer drugs, in particular veloped around issues to do with al­ for families and "School Action 'dance' drugs, steroids, and 'de­ cohol and drugs, the approach used Against Bullying: involving paren1 signer' drugs. It can be used as a is equally suited to other isues in and non-teaching staff' which pr support to one-to-one work as well youth work and other youth settings as a learning tool in group settings. vides guidelines for headteachers on involving the whole-school com­ APu�i iPl1c-i[i9t. munity in the school's anti-bullying policy. A SNAPSHOT OF ALCOHOL MOTIVATING UNEMPLOYED by Health Promotion Wales ADULTS TO UNDERTAKE • Photopack developed primarily by EDUCATION AND TRAINING Patirt �gm 8!latium1gl young people for their peers for use PLAYING WITH FIRE in formal and informal settings. Con­ By Veronica McGivney by Nie Fine & Fiona Macbeth tains 15 photographs showing young • Timely contribution to the current people in a variety of alcohol-related debate on motivating individuals to • Complete 60-hour integrated train­ situations, trigger questions related take responsibility for personal de­ ing course containing 95 tried and to each photograph and an accom­ velopment. Shows that educational tested exercises which allows panying booklet. Geared to stimulat­ schemes and programmes can attract workers to examine the negative and ing discussion on a range of issues and retain unqualified people if they the positive aspects of conflict; to such as peer group pressure, copiI!g are based on a realistic understand­ learn how to approach conflict cre­ with an emergency, joyriding, drink ing of the circumstances of individ­ atively; and to apply the processes of driving and drink related behaviour. uals and offer real benefits to people. mediation and reconciliation.

DRUG EDUCATION FOR YOUNG f UNDRli.$.JNG L

OFFENDERS COPING WITH BULLYING IN THE IRISH FUNDING HANDBOOK

by TACADE SCHOOLS by CAFEICAN!Combat Poverty Agency

• Resource pack produced as the result by Dr. Brendan Byrne • Provides information on sources of of a two year project to develop funding for voluntary and commun­ • The first and only comprehensive strategies and materials to support ity initiatives in Ireland, north and research-based study on bullying in work with young adult offenders south. Areas covered include grant schools in an Irish context. Gives a who are drug users. Contains sec­ making trusts, the European Union, comprehensive overview of the tions on implenenting a learning ap­ the statutory sector, and the corpor­ theoretical and practical background proach to drug use and offending ate sector. Also gives advice to to bullying drawing on international behaviour; a harm reduction ap­ groups on the preparation of fund­ research and suggests ways forward proach to drug use; activities for ing proposals and discusses issues of in tackling the problem. group work and one-to-one sessions; concern related to funding in the five units of materials plus a set community and voluntary sector. guidelines on how to use them. THE "NO BLAME APPROACH" by Barbara Maines & George Robinson THE COMPLETE FUNDRAISING GET INTO LIFE • Video and support workbook that HANDBOOK has been developed from a success­ by NYCllHPU/Department of Education ful, thought-provoking school based by Sam Clarke • Resource pack on health promotion programme to deal with bullying. It • Jargon free, down to earth guide to and cancer prevention for use with asks staff to question existing prac- raising money for charities. Includes

Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 1 o details on the range of funds avail­ three agencies; FORUM in North and able, fundraising techniques, and West Connemara, the PAUL Partner­ marketing and PR. IT ONLY HAPPENS TO POP STARS ship in Limerick City and the Dublin Travellers Education and Develop­ by Sheffield Centre for HIV and Sexual Health ment Group. This report highlights • 35-minute video which features a TRIED AND TESTED IDEAS FOR the main conclusions, experiences group of young people talking about and policy issues arising out of the RAISING MONEY LOCALLY the issues around HIV and AIDS programme and examines the les­ by Sarah Passin gham which they believe affect them. sons learned that have wider ap­ • Invaluable user-friendly guide suit­ These views and concerns are di­ plications in developing responses to able for youth and community vided into a number of sections disadvantage at local, national and groups, local charity projects, and which are then used to stimluate dis­ EU levels. any small scale fundraisers. It ex­ cussion. plores 26 event ideas such as Art in the Park, Promise Auctions, Snow­ ball Parties and Wishing Wells, pro­ A TRAINER'S GUIDE TO

viding a clear breakdown of each WORKSHOPS ON YOUNG PEOPLE VILLAINS: CRIME AND COMMUNITY even't's operating and equipment AND SEXUALITY IN THE CONTEXT needs; lead time; costs and expected IN THE INNER CITY return; possible variations; method; OF HIV/AIDS by Janet Foster and the overall pros and cons. It also by Jo Burns & Cathie Wright • Providing a rare insight into local examines a further 26 ideas more • Handbook designed to support and family traditions of petty crime, briefly trainers in running a series of four this book looks at attitudes to crime workshops for anyone working with and law enforcement in the com­ young people on sexuality in the munity, and the relationship of those

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:;:::::::::::·:·:···:·:····· context of HIV I AIDS. Provides a attitutes to the culture in which they session by session breakdown of are expressed. Based on participant THE NEW YOUTH GAMES BOOK each workshop plus supplementary observation and extended inter­ by Alan Dearling & Howie Armstrong handouts, recommended reading views, it examines the transition • Latest expanded edition of a book and resources, and evaluation forms. from adolescent street crime to adult that has become a classic in the 'hidden economy' crime. It also ex­ youth work field. The biggest collec­ plores the marked differences in tion of games and simulations ever women's involvement in lawbreak­ compiled, it contains over 200 practi­ ing, and how deviancy is linked to cal activities for use in working with THE DYNAMICS OF POVERTY: the social construction of gender. young people. Cover areas such as ISSUES IN SHORT-TERM POVERTY icebreakers, relationship and team TRANSITIONS IN IRELAND building, literacy, numeracy and by James Williams & Brendan Whelan communication skills, tension and stress reduction, problem solving, • Major study commissioned by the trust and sensitivity, self awareness Combat Poverty Agency which dem­ and confidence and social skills. onstrated that Irish households ex­ perience change in their poverty status over time and hence the asser­ GROUP EXERCISES FOR YOUTH tion of a fixed and relatively un­ changing group of households below WORK: A GUIDE FOR YOUTH the povertyline must be revised. The Many of these titles and others on related WORKERS study looks at the cyclical nature of topics are available on loan from the by Night ShiftEnter prises short-term poverty movements in Irish YouthWork Centre, the official Ireland, drawing on information ga­ • Youth work constantly brings indi­ sales agent in the Republic of Ireland for thered from large-scale surveys and viduals together be they young Youth Clubs UK and the National identifies important trends in rela­ people in a club/project enviro­ Youth Agency. The wide range of tion to short term poverty transitions nemnt or adults undertaking some topics covered by the materials selected in Ireland. form of training. Such situations for sale include youth service present the need for individuals to management policy and curriculum , get to know and become comfortable detached and rural yo uth work, health with each other relatively quickly. COMBATING EXCLUSION: LESSONS education, ar t education, social and This handbook provides a series of FROM THE THIRD EU POVERTY political education, leaving home, icebreaker, group formation, and PROGRAMME IN IRELAND counselling, club work, games and team building exercises to assist workers in the process of building 1989-1 994 simulations, youth work training and relationships, trust and responsibility by Brian HaNey working with girls and young women. Further information : in a secure environment for those • June 1994 marked the end of the they work with. Third EU Poverty Programme in Ire­ Irish YouthWork Centre land which was jointly funded by National Youth Federation the Combat Poverty Agency and the 20 Lower Dominick Street, Dublin 1. European Commission. It comprised Tel : 01 8729933 Fax: 01 8724183

� - Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 11 l}tt. :�flJl"J{�;��;.* �J.fl:Jt. :��fltll�::�H� ��Ji���J�t. l1:rtrrt�::���{ !l).f�Jt ��:?il�.lt�:�H �):�tJt. ¥��;.rrc�i l/outh Kii��t. ·�tilt··1r:r:��H1 Ki it i�a... tt�?fll�·�1{ �Ji�-t·;t:;: tt11:�:1�:� �rti�-t·�ti.i�fJl�:iH� f{l.i.%t·�tl��rrc�1 Twork �g �iiiiE� ��WitiiiE�E� • . ... -.-. POLICY �;Ji�J;�t- w:i:��1.. r:r�::��-ili �1·.l�:-�t. :�:��filll�:t-f�; �J;: ii;�t. �l1irr=t�::{ ��:]\�i®t. '.fi.it.tlt;l� �JJtr:t. :��ltrrt;tt ��)f:�l-. �=�vtr1lc;-1H� �rhf�J�t.:��Jtrr:r:;;a; �)i�t. -�;fl.�lJr-r;ir�i �;i));f�J�t. t=ltill:�;�'.� �tt��Jlt. ¥=�/ tt�rcti

TEENAGE PREGNANCY STATISTICS LONE PARENTS AND Deputy McManus asked the Min­ EMPLOYMENT ister for Health to supply in respect of the last five years, the number of births Total Births to Teenagers PROGRAMMES Births to teenagers as a proportion of the Year Deputy R. Bruton asked the Min­ overall number births; and in view of ister for Finance if his attention had the high level of such bi rths the plans Number Number % been drawn to the fact that lone parents he had, if any, to ensure that family 1988 54,600 2,456 4.5 who take up the opportunity to work planning advice and contraceptives 1989 52,018 2,379 4.57 on the Community Employment Devel­ would be available on a national basis 1990 53,044 2,668 5.03 opment Programme were now being through family doctors, health boards 1991· 52,690 2,794 5.3 1992· 51,584 2,721 5.27 assessed for tax even on money which and specialist agencies. In response they were setting aside for child mine Minister Howlin supplied the figures •Provisional fiaures ing expenses; and what steps, if any, h requested in tabular form (see table 1). would take to correct this situation. In He stated that the Health Promotion response Minister Ahem stated that Unit had recently produced a leaflet en­ within the pilot phase of the CEDP it titled, "Family Planning and Contracep­ RECREATIONAL was decided to allow a special tax tion" and that this leaflet would be FACILITIES SCHEME exemption to facilitate the administra­ available through health centres, phar­ CRITERIA tion of the scheme. However at the macists, GP's and family planning close of the pilot period of the scheme, clinics. He hirther stated that he was Deputy Connor asked the Minister serious concerns were expressed that a satisfied that family planning advice for Education the criteria for disburse­ wide scale tax exemption to CEDP par­ and contraceptives were available ment of national lottery funding under ticipants could give rise to distortions throughout the country. the recreational facilities scheme cur­ within the tax system. The special tax rently under consideration in her De­ exemption was never intended to be WHITE PAPER ON VOLUNTARY partment; and if community voluntary Jong term in nature. In relation to in­ ORGANISATIONS groups will be given priority over pri­ come set aside for child minding pur­ Deputy Gregory asked the Minister vate and semi-private groups who poses the Minister stated that there for Social Welfare the current position often receive funding from other were no measures in the tax code in relation to the date of publication of sources. In response Minister Bhreath­ which allow persons to deduct such ex­ the proposed White Paper on the role nach stated that the recreational faci­ penses from their income, and he could of voluntary organisations in the social lities scheme was specifically designed not agree to introduce such a tax con­ area. In response Minister Woods to assist voluntary community orga­ cession as it would be very costly to t1 stated that the proposed White Paper nisations in the provision of, improve­ Exchequer and would necessitate the would set out a framework for partner­ ments to and the equipping of Joss of revenue being made up else­ ship between the state and voluntary recreational, leisure and community where. organisations in the future. A number facilities. Applications from such orga­ of draft proposals had been considered nisations would be given priority and APPRENTICESHIP SCHEMES and a text of the draft paper was being private commercial organisations Deputies M. McDowell and finalised by his Department and would would be ineligible for the scheme. be ready for publication before the end O'Donnell aksed the Minister for Enter­ of the summer. prise and Employment the total number of apprentices engaged in cur­ rent apprenticeship schemes; and the EDUCATION EXPENDITURE number of additional apprenticeship places that would be provided in 1994 Deputy McGrath asked the Minister for Education the percentage of total ex­ as a result of talks undertaken as part of penditure allocated to the primary school sector, second level sect�r, and third level the Programme for Economic and So­ sector by her Department in the years 1980, 1985, and 1990 respectively. In response cial Progress. In response Minister Minister Bhreathnach supplied the figures requested in tabular form (see table 2). Quinn stated that there were currently 13,016 apprentices engaged in appren­ ticeship schemes. Of these 360 had been PROGRAMME 1980 1985 1990 recruited as the first intake of a new First-Level Education 39% 39% 37% standards-based apprenticeship system Second-Level Education 43% 42% 40% which began in September 1993 and Th ird-Level Education 17% 18% 21% FAS were currently recruiting a second Other 1% 1% 2% intake for this scheme. l:'i Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 12 FUNDING FOR Developments in DISADVANTAGED PROJECTS IN EDUCATION Funding l/outh

Deputy Gilmore asked the Minister Youth for Europe 111 T work for Education to give a breakdown of the £35.6 million spent on disadvan­ Phase 11 of Youth for Europe comes to a taged projects in 1993; and the reason close at the end of 1994. Convinced of the NEWS for such a difference between this fig­ need not to deprive young Europeans of an in­ ure and the £8.5 million allocated for promote full citizenship, to further dialogue the primary area. In response Minister strument for helping them become active and across political and religious divides and to ex­ Bhreathnach supplied the figures re­ responsible citizens, with a sense of responsi­ plore new ideals about further social and politi­ quested in tabular form (see table 3). bility for a European society which they feel cal developments, north and south. Further In relation to the difference between they belong to, the Commission adopted the the figures for primary and post-pri­ proposal for a third phase. The Youth for details are available from: Stephen Pittnam, mary levels, the Minister pointed to the Europe 111 proposal consolidates into a single Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, inclusion in the post-primary figure of programme all the actions undertaken hitherto The Garden House, the amounts related to the VTOS, You­ in favour of young people: Youth for Europe Wa ter End, threach and the examination fee allevi­ 11, the Youth Initiative Projects funded until York Y03 6LP, ation scheme all of which have no now under the Petra programme, the activities England. primary equivalent. The Minister also Ph: 004419 041627810 Fax: 0044/9041651990. of the Tempus programme and the various highlighted the fact that the figure priority Action Actions in the youth area. Five uoted for primary level of £8.5 million Combat Poverty Agency: did not include funding in respect of major actions have been planned: Pilot Programme for remedial and resource teachers at pri­ • Inter-Community activities directly involving Disadvantaged Young People mary level, which amounted to £19.25 young people • Youth leaders million in 1993. • Cooperation between member state struc­ The Agency now invites applications for tures once-off funding from second level schools and : m Aa te.3- > < • Exchanges with non-Community countries community-based groups involved in develop­ £M • Youth information and research into youth Vocational Training 15.230 matters ing innovative work with disadvantaged young Opportunities Scheme As in the first two phases, particular people, primarily in the 14-17 age group, who Remedial and Resource 10.107 attention has been paid to securing access to either are at risk of leaving school early or have Te achers programme activities for disadvantaged young already left school early. This new pilot pro­ Youthreach Programme 6.534 Book Grant Scheme 2.809 people. The Commission's proposal contains gramme will be developed in stages. In the Special initiatives to improve 0.588 three further actions which are not found in the first stage the Agency is making available retention rate of pupils from earlier programme phases. apart from cooper­ £100,000 in 1994. As a result of experience in disadvantaged areas in ation between Member State structures in the the first stage the Agency will, during 1995, se­ post-primaryed ucation, including home-school-liaison youth area (with particular attention to regional lect a smaller number of projects to operate on scheme. and local structures). a major novelty is the a pilot basis over a number of years to be com­ Alleviation of fees for the 0.359 provision of support for exchanges with young plimented by a research programme on key is­ Certificate Examinations people from outside the Community and out­ sues for this target group.

side Europe. The programme will also assist in The types of activity which will be sup­ Total 35.6 developing research into youth matters, in ported will be as follows:

order to better identify the specific needs and • Supporting work with schools - Projects respond to the expectations of this age group. which link formal and informal education

At a time when Community countries are ex­ sectors and the wider community with a TRAINING CERTIFICATION periencing a resurgence of racism and xeno­ view to encouraging young people to stay BOARD phobia, this action is seen as of particular within the formal education system. Deputy Lowry asked the minister importance in developing a sense of mutual un­ • Supporting early school leavers - Projects for Enterprise and Employment what derstanding and solidarity, bringing them to­ which will help disadvantaged young people plans he had to establish the new certi­ gether despite their cultural diversity. who have left school early to acquire educa­ fication board for training under his tional qualifications and to progress into Department. In response Minister Quinn stated that his Department was Joseph Rowntree further education, training and/or towards currently having discussions with the Charitable Trust the labour market. Applications which are Department of Education on the estab­ aimed at enhancing disadvantaged young lishment of the new National Educa­ Applications are invited immediately by people's educational qualifications and their tional and Training Board and the Joseph Rowntree Charitable trust which in­ progression towards the labour market will following these discussions the matter tends spending £100,000 Stg. in Ireland over be of particular interest. Grants of up to would be submitted to Government for the next five years supporting charitable work £15,000 will be available. a decision which promotes justice an equity in Irish so­ Application fo rms are available directly from Combat Poverty Agency, ciety. The Trust is interested in receiving ap­ 8 Charlemont Street plications from organisations working to Dublin 2 - Ph: 4783355.

� Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 13 l/outh Youth Club Leaders meet in Cork The National Youth Clubs Coun­ leaders and members with the basic in­ Twork cil (the youthclub section) of the formation required to run their youth National Youth Federation held their clubs. The pack has nine sections in­ Annual General Meeting in the Metro­ cluding Programme Planning, NYF pole Hotel, Cork on 1/2 October 1994. National Programmes, Safety and In­ NEWS In what is regarded as a significant surance Guidelines, International Con­ move in identifying the role that the tacts and Addresses, Finance European Alcohol Abuse NYCC will play in future, the functions Guidelines and information on how to Seminar in Cork of the Council were re-defined so as to promote the participation of youth club Alcohol is the most widely used ensure that the work of the regional members in all aspects of running the drug in Western Society. Down youth club councils and national pro­ youth club. through the centuries it has been a grammes will be fully supported in the Also included in the pack is the part of the social, religious and future by the National Youth Clubs NYF Youth Club Work Code of Prac­ economic fabric of societies, becom­ Council. tice, which has proven to be of tremen­ ing a feature of their traditional cul­ During the ACM delegates heard dous assistance in attaining the highest ture. It has been revered and of the need to co-ordinate youth club standard possible in their delivery of reviled and continues to have a activity at regional level, particularly in youth club services. major influence in modern society. the ever expanding youth service of The newly elected Chairperson of The excessive use of alcohol by today and the need to provide specia­ the National Youth Clubs Council i' young people was the focus for a lised training for voluntary and full Tony Ruttledge, from Blackwater, Co. seminar hosted by the National time youth workers. Wexford . Tony has served on the Youth Federation in conjunction The second edition of the NYF NYCC Executive for a number of years with Cork Youth Federation during Club Affiliation Pack was launched and would previously have played an National Drug Awareness Week during the week-end and in his open­ active role in supporting national pro­ (15-22 October). The event was or­ ing address to the meeting the Lord grammes including the Youth Club ganised on behalf of the European Mayor of Cork, Cllr. Tim Falvey ac­ Games, Tops of the Clubs and the Var­ Confederation of Youth Clubs and knowledged the work of the NYF iety Show Competition. was funded by the European Youth called for greater investment in the Also elected to the NYCC were Foundation with support from the youth service as a means to ensure the Julia Mulligan (Donegal), Micheal Hen­ Youth Affairs Section of the Depart­ social and out of school educational de­ nessy (Cloyne), Seamus Bane (Clare), ment of Education and the Health velopment of young people. Liam Carpenter (Carlow) Siobhan Promotion Unit of the Department The NYF Club Affiliation Pack, Cotter (Kerry), and Dan Boyle (Cork). of Health. The venue was Isaacs's which was gratefully received by the Youth Hostel, Cork. Lord Mayor, provides youth club Twenty five young people representing countries throughout YOUTHWORK 1994 Europe attended the seminar, IRISH YOUTHWORK AWARDS which was coordinated by Ken A U(4RDS CATEGORY WINNERS Keogh (National Office), Lisa McDonald (Carlow Regional Youth Environment: Dundalk Red Cross Youth, Co. Louth. Service) and Phil Mortell (Cork For assistance in the development of their can recycling Youth Federation). project. The purpose of the event was to develop participants awareness of Youth Innovation: Genesis Youth Club, Leixlip, Co. Kildare. the affects of alcohol abuse, to en­ To enable the youth club follow up on their surey "Lack of fa cilities in Confey· courage them to propose responses and and to support them in devising an Wexford Youth Theatre, Wexford. outline for a resource pack to be To assist the gro up in bringing their production on tour to published by the European Confed­ youth clubs in their area. eration of Youth Clubs in 1995. The keynote address at the Health Education: Kilkenny Peer Education Group, Kilkenny. Seminar was made by Sister Consi­ To assist the group in the development of peer education and training and in the delivery of educational lio and an intensive programme of programmes on HIV/AIDS fo r the youth of the area. discussions and visits were com­ pleted during the week. Community Development: Adare Youth Club, Limerick. A full report on the work un­ In re cognition of the work carried out by the youth club in the to wn's community activities. Th ese include Tidy dertaken by participants will ap­ Towns Competition, The Person of the Year, and the pear in the next issue of Irish development of the Village Hall and the local Newsletter. YouthWork Scene.

� Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 14 Development Education Training Programme

11 Fee I the PU LS E 11

The second phase of this programme will be based in the South-East Tambrands Ltd., makers of and four regions, Midlands, Carlow, Ferns and Waterford will participate. Tampax tampons have launched their first national Woman to This event will offer young people and adults an opportunity to take Woman Week which runs until 23 part in a developmental training programme comprising of an induction October, 1994. The Week aims to session (one evening) and five training days between October 1994 and raise women's self awareness and January 1995 on the content and process of Development Education. understanding about many of the Participants who complete the programme will have the skills, knowl­ health related topics which affect edge and understanding of the NYF PULSE manual, an activity resource most women at some point during their life. for Youth Clubs and of other materials. These can then be applied to in­ By listening to women of all itiating a development education activity in their youth club or group. ages, and from many different walks of life, Tampax has discov­ General Aims: ered a need for practical advice • To provide opportunities for participants to develop skills to facilitate and reassurance about a host of peer learning in Development Education; feminine health related topics. By being more aware of the physical • To assist participants to learn about Development Education issues and emotional changes that can through a range of themes; occur, women can take control of • To promote awareness of the range of materials available in order to in­ their own bodies and help allevi­ itiate development education projects through creative activity. ate potential problems. Breaking down the myths and taboos so often associated with feminine Structure health with factual, practical and The young people and adult coordinators will participate together in helpful information is a step in the the programme. Much of the training sessions will have a "hands-on" di­ right direction. mension with opportunities to practice exercise from a variety of resource This is why Tampax is taking materials and also to improve general communication /facilitation skills. to the road with the 'Tampax In­ The programme will support teams representing regional youth ser­ formation Trailer' which will visit vices to work together at levels of planning and delivery, focusing specifi­ major shopping centres around the country during the Woman to cally on the development of a peer education training session or module Woman Week. The Trailer will for their own club or group. provide a central source of in­ formation for women, offering a Follow-Up range of literature and one-to-one On completion of the training programme each team will be requested confidential advice. It is hoped that the Wo man to Woman We ek to organise a "pilot" project. Support in the development and implementa­ will encourage women of every tion of this project will be available from the NYF. age to feel more confident about All teams will be requested to provide a report on their project six seeking help and more positive weeks after the programme concludes. about themselves. The Trailer schedule is as fol­ Programme Facilitation lows: Sat, 15 Oct: Tom Larkin, who previously worked with the Columban Fathers in Dunnes Stores, Douglas Court, Cork Navan in the area of development education will be course director and Mon, 17 Oct: will also act as a facilitator. He designed the first phase of "Feel the Ouinsworth, Headford Road, Galway Tues, 18 Oct: PULSE", which took place from December 1993 to February 1994. Ouinsworth, Crescent SC, Dooradoyle, MaryO'S ullivan, Development Education for Youth (DEFY) has been Limerick involved in the selection of resource materials for the programme and may Thurs, 20 Oct: facilitate some sessions. Crazy Prices, Lisduggan SC, Waterford Fri I Sat, 21 / 22 Oct: Ken Keo h, Services Executive with the National Youth Federation g Crazy Prices I Dunnes Stores I Roches will coordinate the programme and facilitate sessions. Stores, The Square, Tallaght, Dublin

� - Irish YouthWork Scene October 1994 page 15 18 r40VEMiE.R'q t,..

800 million people worldwide don't have enough to eat.

100 million are homeless. 35,000 children under five die every day.

Yo u can help. Go hungry fo r a day. Get sponsored. Te ll everyone why.

Send the money to Oxfam. Make a difference .

,�-�,�;� ...... - .. In Ireland Working for a Fairer World

CONTACT OXFAM IRELAND: 52 - 54 Dublin Road, Belfast BT2 7HN Te l:(0232) 230220 19 Clanwilliam Terrace, Dublin 2 Te l:(01) 6618544