OCHA Flash Update #1 Tropical Cyclone Sagar | 19 May 2018
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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Somalia Complex Emergency Fact Sheet #4
SOMALIA - COMPLEX EMERGENCY FACT SHEET #4, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2018 JULY 13, 2018 USAID/OFDA1 FUNDING NUMBERS AT BY SECTOR IN FY 2018 HIGHLIGHTS A GLANCE Tropical Cyclone Sagar affects an 3% 4% 6% estimated 228,800 people 25% 6% Above-average rainfall, humanitarian 5.4 assistance improve food security million 13% conditions in Somalia UN increases estimated number of IDPs People in Somalia 25% Requiring Humanitarian 18% to 2.6 million people Assistance FEWS NET, FSNAU – May 2018 HUMANITARIAN FUNDING Agriculture & Food Security (25%) FOR THE SOMALIA RESPONSE IN FY 2018 Health (25%) Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (18%) Nutrition (13%) USAID/OFDA $54,071,843 Humanitarian Coordination & Information Management (6%) Protection (6%) 2. 5 Logistics Support & Relief Commodities (4%) USAID/FFP $148,743,390 Other (3%) million USAID/FFP2 FUNDING State/PRM3 $18,700,000 People in Somalia BY MODALITY IN FY 2018 Experiencing Crisis or Emergency Levels of 51% 39% 8% 2% Acute Food Insecurity $221,515,233 FEWS NET, FSNAU – U.S. In-Kind Food Aid (51%) May 2018 Cash Transfers for Food (39%) Local & Regional Food Procurement (8%) Food Vouchers (2%) 2.6 million KEY DEVELOPMENTS Number of IDPs Between April and early June, heavy seasonal rainfall resulted in widespread flooding in Somalia across Somalia, with riverine and flash floods affecting approximately 830,000 people and UN – June 2018 displacing an estimated 290,000 individuals, according to the UN. In addition, Tropical Cyclone Sagar made landfall over northwestern Somalia on May 19, affecting an estimated 228,800 people and resulting in more than 50 deaths. 845,725 Despite cyclone- and flood-related damage, above-average seasonal rainfall and large-scale Somali Refugees in deliveries of assistance have contributed to significant improvements in food security in Neighboring Countries many areas of Somalia that were previously affected by drought. -
The Somali Maritime Space
LEA D A U THORS: C urtis Bell Ben L a wellin CONTRIB UTI NG AU THORS: A l e x andr a A mling J a y Benso n S asha Ego r o v a Joh n Filitz Maisie P igeon P aige Roberts OEF Research, Oceans Beyond Piracy, and Secure Fisheries are programs of One Earth Future http://dx.doi.org/10.18289/OEF.2017.015 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS With thanks to John R. Hoopes IV for data analysis and plotting, and to many others who offered valuable feedback on the content, including John Steed, Victor Odundo Owuor, Gregory Clough, Jérôme Michelet, Alasdair Walton, and many others who wish to remain unnamed. Graphic design and layout is by Andrea Kuenker and Timothy Schommer of One Earth Future. © 2017 One Earth Future Stable Seas: Somali Waters | i TABLE OF CONTENTS STABLE SEAS: SOMALI WATERS .......................................................................................................1 THE SOMALI MARITIME SPACE ........................................................................................................2 COASTAL GOVERNANCE.....................................................................................................................5 SOMALI EFFORTS TO PROVIDE MARITIME GOVERNANCE ..............................................8 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO PROVIDE MARITIME GOVERNANCE ..........................11 MARITIME PIRACY AND TERRORISM ...........................................................................................13 ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED, AND UNREGULATED FISHING ....................................................17 ARMS TRAFFICKING -
The Palingenesis of Maritime Piracy and the Evolution of Contemporary Counter-Piracy Initiatives
THE PALINGENESIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND THE EVOLUTION OF CONTEMPORARY COUNTER-PIRACY INITIATIVES BY ROBERT COLM MCCABE, M.A. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF Ph.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, MAYNOOTH HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Dr Jacinta Prunty SUPERVISOR OF RESEARCH Dr Ian Speller December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents............................................................................................................. i Dedication.......................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................. v Abbreviations.................................................................................................... vii List of figures..................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER I - MARITIME PIRACY: A TWENTIETH-CENTURY PALINGENESIS? 1.1 Introduction and general context...................................................... 20 1.2 Early legal interpretations and historical evolution......................... 22 1.3 Twentieth century legal evolution.................................................... 25 1.4 Resurgence of maritime piracy in the nineteenth century................ 31 1.5 Suppression of maritime piracy in the nineteenth century............... 37 1.6 Pre-war period (1900-14)................................................................ -
2019 Programmatic Overview 1
IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 1 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW SOMALIA IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 2 In Memorium IOM stands in solidarity with the people of Somalia who have suffered numerous deadly attacks on civilians during the course of 2019. We are deeply saddened by the terrible loss of one of our colleagues, Abdifatah Mohamed Abdow, who dedicated his life and work to Somalia. IOM extends its deepest condolences to the families and loved ones of all those who lost their lives in Kismayo in July 2019. IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 3 Cover photo: A family benefited from IOM’s Baidoa relocation project © IOM Somalia 2019 IOM staff organizing the relocation of IDP families in Baidoa © IOM Somalia 2019 DISCLAIMER: The names and boundaries shown do not imply official endorsement nor acceptance by IOM. They are meant for illustrative purposes. EDITOR: Erin Bowser, Jan Van’t Land, Yuko Tomita LAYOUT DESIGN: Claudia Barrios Rosel IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 4 IOM SOMALIA 2019 OVERVIEW CONTENTS IOM OVERVIEW 2019 HIGHLIGHTS HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Health Shelter and Non-Food Items (S-NFI) STABILIZATION, RECOVERY AND DURABLE SOLUTIONS Recovery and Durable Solutions (RDS) Somalia Stabilization Initiative (SSI) Disengagement, Disassociation, Reintegration and Reconciliation (DDRR) MIGRATION GOVERNANCE & DEVELOPMENT Immigration and Border Management (IBM) Labour Mobility and Human Development (LHD) Migrant Protection and Assistance (MPA) IOM SOMALIA 2019 PROGRAMMATIC OVERVIEW 5 1/ IOM OVERVIEW Established in 2006, IOM Somalia has set a strong record on the delivery of frontline services to crisis-affected populations, while steadily developing models and partnerships for longer term recovery and migration governance. -
Cyclone Mekunu
Yemen: Cyclone Mekunu Flash Update 1 | 25 May 2018 Situation Overview On 23 May 2018, tropical cyclone “Mekunu” swept through the island of Socotra flooding it heavily. On 24 May, the Government of Yemen declared a state of emergency and called on humanitarian organizations to support relief efforts. At the time of this report, rains have stopped and the cyclone is on course to make landfall in western Oman and eastern Yemen on 26 May. The heavy rains and flooding on the island of Socotra have reportedly caused significant damage to public infrastructure and loss of life, although precise information of the extent of damage is not yet available. Source : WFP However, national authorities have indicated the potential for large scale damage on the island which is inhabited by approximately 70,000 people. The Socotra Governorate emergency room has reported a total of 19 persons as missing; destruction of property has displaced families, with at least 500 families seeking refuge in schools and hotels in the capital, Hadibo. Roads to both the eastern and western side of Socotra remain cut off. Hadibo airport is reported to have reopened and some flights may land on 26 May. Preliminary information from one NGO on the ground indicates key emergency needs to be food, shelter/non-food items, medicines and hygiene kits. Implications on the humanitarian situation and response • Authorities are setting up 11 temporary shelter points in the capital, mostly schools, to assist people who may have had their housing damaged by flooding. www.unocha.org The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors. -
S/2020/1072 Security Council
United Nations S/2020/1072 Security Council Distr.: General 2 November 2020 Original: English The situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 29 of Security Council resolution 2500 (2019), in which the Council requested me to report within 11 months on the implementation of the resolution and on the situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia. 2. The report covers the period from 1 November 2019 to 31 October 2020 and highlights major developments since my previous report (S/2019/867). It is based on information provided by the United Nations system, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), as well as Member States and regional organizations, including the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the European Union Capacity-Building Mission in Somalia, the European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR), the Indian Ocean Commission and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). II. Main developments, trends and considerations regarding piracy off the coast of Somalia 3. Efforts of the international community to combat piracy were impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. International coordination meetings, such as the annual plenary session of the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, were postponed. The global demand for goods significantly decreased, which further reduced the volumes of cargoes shipped across the western Indian Ocean. -
Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City David Kilcullen
FUTURE OF AFRICAN CITIES PROJECT DISCUSSION PAPER 4/2019 Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City David Kilcullen Strengthening Africa’s economic performance Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City Contents Executive Summary .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Key Facts and Figures .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Invisible City .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Clan and Camel .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 Observations on urban-rural relations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Diaspora and Development .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Observations on Banking, Remittances and Financial Transfers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 A Two-Speed City .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 Observations on Utilities and Critical Infrastructure .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 The Case for International Recognition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Observations on International Recognition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 Ports and bases .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 Human Capital .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 The Diaspora ‘Brain Gain’ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . -
Tropical Cyclone Chapala
Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Somalia: Tropical Cyclone Chapala DREF Operation ° MDRSO004 Date of issue: 14 November, 2015 Date of disaster 2 – 3 November 2015 Operation manager (responsible for this EPoA): : Point of contact (name and title): Somalia: Ahmed Ahmed Gizo, Country Representative, Dr. Ahmed Gizo, Country Representative, Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Mohammed Hassan, President SRCS Hassan, President SRCS Operation start date: 13 November 2015 Expected timeframe: One Month Overall operation budget: CHF 27,823 Number of people affected: 4,000 Number of people to be assisted: 150 families (900 people) Host National Society(ies) presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches): The Somalia Red Crescent Society (Two SRCS branches (Berbera and Bosaso) Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation (if available and relevant): German Red Cross Society, International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, World Food Programme. A. Situation analysis Description of the disaster On Monday 2 November 2015, Tropical Cyclone Chapala made a landfall in Yemen; however its effects were also felt across the Gulf of Aden in Somalia where extensive rainfall was experienced in the northern Bari region in Bosaso district, Puntland. Affected areas include Baargaal, Bander, Bareeda, Butiyaal, Caluula, Murcanyo, Qandalla, Xaabo and some parts of Xaafun. In the worst affected coastal villages enormous waves washed away people’s homes, fishing boats and nets. On 4 November 2015, there was more rainfall from Tropical Cyclone Chapala in Berbera district, Somaliland, specifically in Biyacad, Bulahar, Ceelsheik, and Shacable situated on the west coast of Sahil region, causing additional population displacement, and killing livestock. -
Tropical Cyclones Are Not Formed Near the Equator
CHAPTER 3.3 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION & WEATHER SYSTEMS Atmospheric Pressure The weight of a column of air contained in a unit area Isobar is a line connecting points that from the mean sea level to the top of the atmosphere have equal values of pressure. Isobars are is called the atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric analogous to the contour lines on a relief pressure is expressed in units of milibar. At sea level the map. The spacing of isobars expresses average atmospheric pressure is 1,013.2 milibar. Due the rate and direction of change in air to gravity the air at the surface is denser and hence has pressure. This change in air pressure is higher pressure. referred as pressure gradient. The distribution of atmospheric pressure over the globe is known as horizontal distribution of pressure. It is shown on maps with the help of isobars. The horizontal distribution of atmospheric pressure is not uniform in the world. It varies from time to time at a given place; it varies from place to place over short distances. The factors responsible for variation in the horizontal Air Pressure : The fundamental rule about distribution of pressure are as follows: gases is that when they are heated, they Air Temperature: The earth is not heated uniformly become less dense and expand in volume because of unequal distribution of insolation, and rise. Hence, air pressure is low in diff erential heating and cooling of land and water equatorial regions and it is higher in polar surfaces. regions. Along the equator lies a belt of Generally there is an inverse relationship between low pressure known as the “equatorial low air temperature and air pressure. -
Press Release
PRESS RELEASE Tropical Cyclone in Somaliland Welthungerhilfe: Emergency Relief for Survi- vors Underway Bonn, 23/05/2018. After the devastating cyclone Sagar, which hit Gulf of Aden coun- tries on Saturday, the situation in Somaliland is becoming critical. The autonomous re- gion in Northwest Somalia has seen its heaviest downpours in recorded history. To date, the bodies of 30 dead have been recovered, but many areas continue to be cut off com- pletely from the outside world. The true extent of the natural disaster in this region, already affected by drought and hunger, is gradually becoming clear now. Phone and road networks were disrupted for days. We are receiving the first eyewitness reports from our colleagues on-site: “Flood waves up to 4 metres high roared through the dried out riverbeds, carrying ani- mals, streets and houses with them. Almost all water pipes have been submerged. Thou- sands of animals have perished, and thus families have lost their most important sources of income and nutrition. For two years, and for even three or more years in the regions close to the coast, the worst drought in a century has prevailed in the Awdal region, and now the flood has destroyed the last remnants of the people’s belongings. They have lost everything,” said Thomas Hoerz, Welthungerhilfe’s Programme Manager in Soma- liland, describing the current situation. Already before the flood, many people were no longer able to feed themselves and relied on humanitarian aid. Besides the promotion of sustainable agriculture and pasture farm- ing, Welthungerhilfe has already assisted thousands of families at risk to obtain clean drinking water, food and animal feed to combat the effects of the drought. -
DJIBOUTI Briefing Note – 22 May 2018 Tropical Cyclone Sagar
DJIBOUTI Briefing note – 22 May 2018 Tropical Cyclone Sagar A tropical cyclone developed on 16 May in the Gulf of Aden, between Yemen and Somalia, known as Cyclone Sagar. It hit Djibouti on 19 May causing heavy rains and flash floods (OCHA 22/05/2018; Weather Underground 17/05/2018; ECHO Daily Flash 21/05/2018). The areas most affected by flash floods are Djibouti City and the suburb of Balbala. 25-50,000 people have been affected by flash floods and likely displaced, and two deaths have been reported (OCHA 22/05/2018; OCHA 20/05/2018; ECHO Daily Flash 21/05/2018). Two sectors of Obock town, in Obock Region, are also flooded. Damages to shelters by heavy rains have been reported in Ali Addeh refugee settlement. No needs have been reported for the population in Ali Addeh and Obock town (OCHA 20/05/2018). Source: OCHA 22/05/2018 Key priorities Humanitarian constraints 25’000-50’000 Major road networks across the affected area are impassable, restricting movement people affected, likely displaced between Balbala suburb and central Djibouti City (OCHA 20/05/2018). WASH needs are likely to be high Limitations The lack of granular information on the population in need by sector 1,500 makes it challenging to estimate whether the planned response will be damaged shelters in Djibouti City sufficient to meet the needs of the affected population. Most of the reporting on the impact of Tropical Cyclone Sagar refers to the situation in Somalia and Djibouti within the same document. This creates confusion over whether the reported impact and needs refer to Somalia or Djibouti, or to both countries.