R2,55 radiation, 150 2 RAdj,55 Bomb calorimeter, 375 β, diameter ratio, 319 Bourdon gauge, 253 γ,ratio of specific heats, 326 bridge full, 259, 264, 435 acceleration, 436 half, 259, 260 accelerometer, 441 quarter, 259 Fiber Optic , 448 burst signal, 308 Piezoelectric, 445 accuracy, 6, 44 calibration, 5, 6 acousto-optic cell, 413 Callendar correction, 132 aliases, 80 calorific value, 360, 374 Alphatron gauge, 279 calorimetric method, 360, 370, 404 amplifier capacitance type pressure transducer, differential, 471 266 differentiating, 472 capture efficiency, 424 instrumentation, 474 Chauvenet’s criterion, 32 integrating, 472 Chemiluminescence, 418 logarithmic, 473 Chi Squared test, 62 summing, 470 circular frequency, 438 analog to digital converter (ADC), 480, coefficient of thermal expansion, 166 488 cold junction, 113 angular velocity, 448 Collis and Williams correlation, 296 APD, 417 compensated probe, 184 compressibility, 286, 326 beat frequency, 447 COPYRIGHTEDconduction MATERIAL error, 184 Beer’s law, 416 confidence interval, 9 bell prover, 340 confounded, 81 Bernoulli principle, 283 constant head tank, 381 best estimate, 8 continuous flow calorimeter, 378 Betz manometer, 467 correlation bias, 6 index of, 55 bit, 480 correlation black body coefficient, 54 cavity, 151

517 518 INDEX count, 480 total, 158 covariance, 50 entropy, 112 critical value, 64 equilibrium, 104 cross section error estimator, 15 absorption, 416 error propagation, 42 extinction, 416, 426 errors, 6 total, 417 random, 6 cubical expansion, 163 systematic, 6 cumulative probability, 9 Euler number, 83 current loop, 482 EXCEL, 494 Exhaust gas, 410 damping coefficient, 438 expansion factor, 326 critical, 438 damping ratio, 251, 440 factorial dead weight tester, 254, 435 2k,75 degrees of freedom, 15, 17, 65 fractional, 79 derived quantity, 4, 40 full, 74 Design of experiments, 74 one half, 79 DIAL, 415 quarter, 81 dial gauge, 434 factors, 74 diaphragm/bellows gauge, 262 film coefficient, 224 differential absorption, 416 filter, 476 diffuse, 391 high pass, 477 digit, 481 low pass, 477 digital data logger, 479, 488 neutral density, 155 digital panel meter (DPM), 480 notch, 476 digital voltmeter, 480 red, 154 dimensional analysis, 74, 82 twin T, 476 dimensionless, 83 fin analysis, 188, 192 dimensionless groups, 74 first order system, 173 Dixon’s Q test, 39 fit, 49 dominant factor, 78 fixed point Doppler primary, 107 effect, 303 secondary, 108 shift, 303, 447 flow coefficient, 318 velocimeter, 303 flow meter Laser, 307 calibration, 337 ultrasonic, 304 drag effect, 330 drag coefficient, 331 positive displacement type, 334 drop resistor, 482 turbine, 335 dual thin film probe, 345 variable area, 316 dynamometer, 448 discharge coefficient, 318 brake drum, 449 flow nozzle, 323 Electric generator, 449 irrecoverable pressure loss, 324 orifice plate, 319 electrical analog, 173 pressure taps, 319 emissivity, 157, 214, 225, 390, 400 selection, 330 hemispherical, 391 venturi, 323 spectral, 151, 153 variable area type, 346 INDEX 519

vortex shedding type, 334 ice point, 106 Flue gas, 410 ideal gas scale, 107 fluid velocity, 282 impact probe, 288 flying start - flying finish, 340 influence coefficient, 74 force balancing element, 273 integrating radiometer, 400 force measurement, 430 integrating sphere, 394 Fourier number, 369 interaction effect, 75 full bridge, 492 interpolation, 115 intrusive, 4 Gardon gauge, 205 ionization gauge, 278 sensitivity, 207 ITS90, 108 gauge constant, 207 time constant, 211 Joule heating, 110 transient analysis, 210 Gas Chromatography, 419 Kelvin relations, 110, 112, 113 gas concentration, 409 Kelvin sensing, 135 gas thermometer, 105 King’s law, 294 gauge factor, 256 Kirchoff’s law, 470 Gaussian distribution, 8, 10 Kolmogorov Smirnov two sample test, global polynomial, 115 29 gold point, 149 goodness of fit, 54 LABVIEW, 494 Graphic User Interface (GUI), 490 laminar flow, 380 Grashof number, 364 Laser Doppler Vibrometer, 446 LDV, 307 heat capacity, 360, 370 fringe system, 307 liquid, 373 reference beam system, 308 solid, 370 lead wire model, 186 heat diffusion, 110 lead wires, 118 heat flux, 205 compensating, 119 heat flux sensor least square method, 401 axial conduction guarded, 214 least squares, 11 slug type, 215, 218 levels, 74 thin film, 212, 220 Line reversal technique, 161 construction detail, 222 low pass filter, 306 thin wafer, 213 LVDT, 263, 266 heat transfer coefficient, 138, 223 convection, 172 Mach number, 282 cylindrical probe, 225 main effects, 76 radiation, 200 manometer heating value (HV), 379 U - tube, 245 high frequency transmitter, 493 well type, 247 high vacuum, 275 inclined tube, 247 Hooke’s law, 433 mass flow rate, 316 hot wire anemometer, 293 MATLAB, 494 constant current, 297 McLeod gauge, 276 constant temperature, 295 mean, 8 hypotheses, 4 measurements, 4 monochromator, 393 520 INDEX multi-hole probe, 291 pyrometer five hole, 292 total radiation, 157 three hole, 291 two color, 159 vanishing filament, 153 natural frequency, 438 pyrometer equation NDIR, 413 ideal, 153 Newtonian fluid, 380 practical, 153 non-intrusive, 5 pyrometry, 149 non-linear fit, 60 normal distribution, 8 QtiPlot, 67 normal equations, 50 NTC thermistors, 140 radiation error, 194 radiation shield, 196 opacity, 426 Rayleigh number, 176 operational amplifier, 469 recovery factor, 344 optical RPM meter, 453 reentry, 209 Orsat gas analyzer, 422 reference orthogonal set, 79 ice point, 119 outliers, 32 reflectance, 425 reflectivity parity plot, 59 bidirectional, 391 partial pressure, 410 directional hemispherical, 391, 399 phase lag, 181 hemispherical directional, 393, 398 Pierce’s criterion, 35 regression Pirani gauge, 277 linear, 49 Pitot static tube, 284 multiple linear, 57 Pitot tube, 282, 347 polynomial, 54 Planck distribution, 150 simple model, 76 platform balance, 430 repeatability, 74 Platinum 67, 121 repeatable, 6 Platinum resistance temperature scale, replicate, 74 132 resistance Poisson ratio, 256, 263, 493 flow, 250, 271 portable emissometer, 406 specific, 255, 256 Prandtl number, 177 thermal, 173, 270 Prandtl tube, 284 Resistance thermometer, 131 pre-amplifier, 493 Platinum, 131 precise, 6 resolution, 44, 81, 480 pressure response dynamic, 283 dynamic, 249 stagnation, 282 flat, 157 static, 283 linear, 6 pressure coeffcient, 293 non-linear, 6, 140 pressure transients, 269 periodic input, 179 primary quantity, 4 ramp input, 178 principal stresses, 450 steady state, 178, 181 Prony brake, 449 step input, 173 Propagation of errors, 40 transient, 178, 181, 249 proving ring, 435 Reynolds number, 55, 83, 199 INDEX 521

Rotameter, 330 subsonic flow, 286 analysis, 330 supersonic flow, 288 rotating cylinder viscometer, 380, 384 RTD, 131, 346 Tachometer, 453 Bridge circuit, 135 temperature dissipation constant, 138 actual, 152 four wire, 132 brightness, 152 lead wire compensation, 135 bulk mean, 346 measurement circuits, 135 color, 159 self heating, 138 inside a solid, 184 temperature coefficient of resis- mixing cup, 347 tance, 132 moving fluid, 185, 194 three wire, 132 solid, 191 stagnation , 344 sampling, 423 surface, 183 iso-kinetic, 424 systematic error, 183 Saybolt viscometer, 380, 383 transient, 171 search method, 60 true, 160 Conjugate Gradient, 60 Test for normality, 19 Levenberg-Marquardt, 60 χ2 test, 26 steepest descent, 60 Box and whisker plot, 20 second order system, 251 Jarque-Bera test, 24 Segmented or piecewise regression, 68 Q-Q plot, 22 shear modulus, 432 thermal conductivity, 360 shear stress, 450 comparator, 360, 367 shielded thermocouple, 344 Gaurded hot plate signal conditioning, 492 solid sample, 361 electronic, 468 Guarded hot plate, 360 mechanical, 466 liquid sample, 364 single wire model, 187 Laser flash method, 360, 369 slip rings, 493 Radial heat conduction appara- soap film burette, 337 tus, 360, 364 software, 494 thermistor solar flux, 209 circuit, 145 sonic nozzle, 328 thermistors, 140 soot, 423 thermo-electricity spectroscope, 162 Peltier effect, 110 specular, 390 Seebeck effect, 110 spring balance, 432 Thomson effect, 110 spring constant, 432 thermo-physical properties, 360 SRM, 368 thermocouple standard error, 19 bayonet probe, 127 Stefan Boltzmann constant, 158, 195 differential, 128 Steinhart-Hart equation, 141 junctions, 126 Stokes number, 424 butt welding, 127 Stolz equation, 319 button, 127 strain gauge, 255 exposed, 126 Strouhal number, 335 grounded, 126 Student t distribution, 17 separated wire, 126 522 INDEX

parallel, 129 types, 122 thermocouples series, 128 thermoelectric power, 121 thermometer bimetallic, 166 IC temperature sensor, 171 liquid crystal, 170 liquid in glass, 163 thermometer error, 189 thermometer well, 185, 199 thermometric error, 127, 189, 192, 199, 201 thermometric property, 105, 107 thermometry, 104 thermopile, 128, 129, 212 thermostat, 170 Thompson τ test, 38 time constant, 173 time of flight, 282 TOF, 282 velocimeter, 309 torque, 448 transmittance, 426 trend line option, 64 triple point of water, 106

USB port, 488 vacuum, 275 variance, 8 velocimeter cross correlation, 313 velocity of approach factor, 318 vena contracta, 323 viscosity, 360, 380 voltage gain, 470 volume flow rate, 316 wedge probe, 289 Wein’s approximation, 150 displacement law, 151

Young’s modulus, 166, 169, 263, 433, 493 zeroth law of thermodynamics, 104 Zhukaskas correlation, 199, 294