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Vegetation and the Initial Human Setflement Of
(993l. of BiogeographY 20'39H12 lourrtal 2 Gd" ilty {iammals, vegetation and the initial human setflement of palaeoecological tne Mediterranean islands: a approach 'rofion: l Afric¿, S c s Ü I a Institut Ur- und F rühgeschich¡e, Albert-Ludn'igs- Universit¿it, D7800 F re i. llins. \\ rl r, r. M für iburg Br., Gennant' ' ¡on. II1. J, shop qt .ur A, ¿l carbon of the lack of carnivores. the genetically fixed behaviour bon patterns for flight and attack are lost in island endemics. +7. u.s. During the Middle (Corso-Sardinia) and Upper Pleistocene, suspected or established (Sardinia, Cyprus, A Sicily) invasions of Homo sp. led to the near-complete ry extinction of the unwary endemic fauna. Some islands \rc$. as are the reasons for the extinction of the (Sicily, Corso-Sardinia) were repopulated by swimming t)uatcrìaü fauna. Small arboricole mammals may have ungulates which were exterminated by later human inva- n,,checi the islands on vegetation-rafts. Some larger mam- sions. For lack of game, a permanent human settlement mirls, like Myotragus on the Balearic Islands, Prolagus on was nearly impossible before the Neolithic. All extant wild Srrdinia, and possibly endemic deer on the Aegean islands, ungulates on the Mediterranean islands are feral domestic irruld be relics of the desiccation of the Mediterranean on animals, or continental game with intact behavioural pat- rhc Mio/Pliocene border. Hippos, elephants and giant deer terns introduced for religious or hunting purposes during alched the islands by swimming. At the a¡rival of new the Neolithic or later. None of them has Pleistocene ances- rpcies, older endemic species became extinct by ecologi- tors on the islands. -
Los Mamíferos Del Plioceno Y Pleistoceno De La Península Ibérica
94 investigación Los mamíferos del Plioceno y Pleistoceno de la Península Ibérica Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro | IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), ICREA Sergio Ros-Montoya, María-Patrocinio Espigares | Dpto. de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga Joan Madurell-Malapeira | Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont Paul Palmqvist | Dpto. de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga URL de la contribución <www.iaph.es/revistaph/index.php/revistaph/article/view/4203> RESUMEN España es el país con mayor número de yacimientos bien conservados, cantidad y calidad de fósiles de todo el continente europeo. Aquí se describe el patrimonio paleobiológico correspondiente al Plio-Pleistoceno (últimos 5,3 millones de años) registrado en los principales yacimientos con presencia de fósiles de grandes mamíferos de la Península Ibérica. Ningún otro país de nuestro entorno al norte del Mediterráneo ofrece mayores posibilidades para el estudio y disfrute de los registros paleontológicos del Plioceno y Pleistoceno. En este contexto destacan las principales cuencas sedimentarias como las de Besalú-Bañolas, Vallés, Calatayud-Teruel, o ya en el sur las cuencas intrabéticas, donde merece especial interés la de Baza y Guadix, con localidades emblemáticas como Baza 1 para el Plioceno, y como los yacimientos de Orce (Fuente Nueva 1 y 3, Venta Micena o Barranco León, entre otros) para el Pleistoceno inferior. También se hace referencia a otro tipo de yacimientos, como son los maares volcánicos pliocénicos del Camp dels Ninots en Cataluña, o el de las Higueruelas en la Mancha, a las terrazas fósiles de los grandes ríos peninsulares, así como a los extraordinarios registros kársticos, donde destaca el de Atapuerca en Burgos. -
Pleistocene Hippopotamuses of Mediterranean Islands
18 PLEISTOCENE HIPPOPOTAMUSES OF MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS: LOOKING FOR ANCESTORS Antonella Cinzia MARRA MARRA, A.c. 2005. Pleistocene Hippopotamuses of Mediterranean islands: looking for ancestors. InALcoVER, J.A. & BOVER, P. (eds.): Pro ceedings ofthe International Symposium "Insular Vertebrate Evolution: the Palaeontological Approach': Monografies de la Societat d'His tòria Natural de les Balears, 12: 193-204. Resum Al registre fossilífer del Pleistocè de les illes mediterrànies es coneixen hipopòtams que presenten adaptacions als ambients insulars: Hippopotamus pentlandi a Sicília i Malta, Hippopotamus melitensis a Malta, Hippopotamus cteutzburgi a Creta, Phanourios minutus a Xipre. Hi ha incerteses en la recerca dels ancestres dels hipopòtams insulars, les quals es deuen al desenvolupament de caràcters endèmics i a la confusió existent a la sistemàtica de les espècies continentals europees. A aquest treball es compara la morfologia craniana i la biometria dels hipopòtams insulars del Pleistocè amb la de les espècies continentals, i s'introdueix una discussió sobre la seva sistemàtica. Hippopotamus amphibius podria ser l'ancestre d'Hippo potamus pentlandi, el qual a la seva volta podria ser l'ancestre d'Hippopotamus melitensis. Hippopotamus antiquus sembla ser ]'ancestre d' Hippopotamus creutzburgi. Les característiques de Phanourios minutus similars a amphibius podrien estar relacionades amb una relació filogenètica amb aquesta espècie. Keywords: Hippopòtams, Pleistocè, illes mediterrànies. Summary Hippopotamuses, having endemic adaptations related to insular environment, are known in the Pleistocene fossil record of Mediterranean islands: Hippopotamus pentlandi in Sicily and Malta, Hippopotamus melitensis in Malta, Hippopo tamus creutzburgi in Crete, Phanourios minutus in Cyprus. The uncertainties in searching for ancestors of the insular hippo potamuses are caused by the development of endemic characters and by the confusion in the systematics of European main land species. -
Sobre La Paleobiología De Hippopotamus Antiquus Desmarest,1822: ¿Un Megaherbívoro Acuático Sin Análogos Vivientes?
Sobre la paleobiología de Hippopotamus antiquus Desmarest,1822: ¿Un megaherbívoro acuático sin análogos vivientes? Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenidoa; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan b; Ros-Montoya, Sergioc,d; Espigares, M. Patrocinioc,d; Figueirido, Borjac; Guerra-Merchán, Antonioc; Palmqvist, Paulc a ICREA, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social-IPHES, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, España. [email protected] b Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, España c Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, España d Museo de Prehistoria y Paleontología, 18858 Orce, España Los hipopótamos se encuentran representados hoy día por dos especies africanas, Hippopotamus amphibius, el hipopótamo común, de vida semiacuática, y Choeropsis liberiensis, el hipopótamo pigmeo, de hábitos más terrestres (Boisserie, 2005). Los hipopótamos comunes se desenvuelven en zonas de aguas tranquilas y someras, que abandonan durante la noche para pacer vegetación terrestre (Nowak 1999). Por ello, sus poblaciones experimentan una mortalidad acusada durante las sequías prolongadas, debido a la escasez de pastos en las inmediaciones de las pozas de barro a las que se ven confinados (Eltringham, 1999). Los hipopótamos no nadan, se desplazan caminando por el fondo de los ríos y lagos; por ello, sus huesos, cortos y robustos, presentan la cavidad medular rellena de tejido esponjoso, para regular su flotabilidad. Por sus condiciones ecológicas de alta dependencia del medio acuático y al no soportar temperaturas frías extremas, los hipopótamos resultan excelentes indicadores climáticos y ecológicos, mostrando una estrecha relación con los homininos donde ambos coexisten. Hippopotamus antiquus es una especie extinta con un amplio registro en los yacimientos del Villafranquiense superior y el Galeriense de Europa y Asia occidental. -
Guidebook Alexandra Van Der Geer & George Lyras 9Th Annual Meeting Heraklion, Crete, Greece 14-19 June, 2011
European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists 9th Annual Meeting Heraklion, Crete, Greece 14-119 June, 2011 Guidebook Alexandra van der Geer & George Lyras 9th Annual Meeting Heraklion, Crete, Greece 14-19 June, 2011 Field Trip Guidebook by Alexandra van der Geer1 & George Lyras1 field trip leaders John de Vos1 & Charalambos Fasoulas2 1 Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit Naturalis 2Natural History Museum of Crete Cover figure: The Katharo basin. Photograph courtesy Charalambos Fassoulas This field guide is partly based on the book: Van der Geer A, Lyras G, De Vos J, Dermitzakis M. 2010. Evolution of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing The publication of the guide was made possible through the financial support of Heracles General Cement Co. Table of Contents PART 1: VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY OF CRETE 2 Palaeogeography of Crete 2 Faunal units 4 The mainland fauna of Middle and Late Miocene 4 The insular fauna of Early-early Middle Pleistocene 6 The insular fauna of late Middle - Late Pleistocene 9 PART 2: FIELD TRIP STOPS 18 Katharo Plateau 18 Geology of Katharo 18 Palaeontology of Katharo 19 Prassas section 25 PART 3: LITERATURE 28 1 PART 1: VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY OF CRETE Palaeogeography of Crete Crete, the largest island of Greece, is mainly known for its Pleistocene endemic taxa, amongst which are dwarf deer, dwarf proboscideans, dwarf hippopotamuses and large mice. However, Crete was not always an island. Up to the Vallesian age of the Late Miocene, Crete was connected to the mainland. This is evidenced by fossil remains of mainland faunas (van der Made, 1996; Athanassiou, 2004; Poulakakis et al., 2005; see figure 1). -
Megantereon Whitei
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com C. R. Palevol 7 (2008) 601–606 Systematic palaeontology (vertebrate palaeontology) The African species Megantereon whitei from the Early Pleistocene of Monte Argentario (South Tuscany, Central Italy) a, ,c a b Raffaele Sardella ∗ , Mauro Petrucci , Lorenzo Rook a Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy b Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy c Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Piazza Mincio 2, 00198 Roma, Italy Received 1st September 2008; accepted after revision 24 September 2008 Available online 12 November 2008 Written on invitation of the editorial board Abstract A partial skull and articulated postcranial elements of Megantereon whitei have been recorded during the 1950s from a karst deposit in the Monte Argentario area (Grosseto). These fossils recently became available for study. The bones are quite well preserved, included in a hard reddish matrix with calcareous clasts. The fossil is part of a faunal assemblage referred to the Late Villafranchian (Early Pleistocene). M. whitei from Monte Argentario is characterised by elongated upper canines, stronger than those of the Upper Valdarno (Tuscany) specimens and similar to the Pirro Nord (Apulia) fossil. The manus is robust, the first phalanges are quite long in comparison to the metacarpals. The Early Pleistocene European M. whitei represents an African element that took part in the faunal dispersal from Africa to Europe that occurred at the Plio-Pleistocene transition. To cite this article: R. Sardella et al., C. R. Palevol 7 (2008). © 2008 Académie des sciences. -
Pleistocene Terrestrial Mammal Faunas from the North Sea
Pleistocene terrestrial mammal faunas from the North Sea Th van Kolfschoten Institute of Prehistory, Leiden University. P.O. Box 9515,2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands C. Laban Rijks Geologische Dienst, P.O. Box 157,2000 AD Haarlem, the Netherlands Van Kolfschoten, Th. & Laban. C., 1995: Pleistocene terrestrial mammal faunas from the North Sea - Meded. Rijks Geol. Dienst, 52. p. 135-151 Manuscript: received April 26.1994; accepted after revision June 6,1994 Keywords: North Sea, Pleistocene, stratigraphy, terrestrial larger mammal faunal associations Abstract Many thousands of (sublfossil mammalian remains have been collected trom the bottom of the North Sea by fishermen using beamtrawls. The larger mammal fossils have been found mainly in a restricted area in the southern pan of the North Sea notably the Deep Water Channel and the Brown Bank. The list of mammal species are divided into two main groups: a group which Itve in a marine envi- ronment and a group of terrestrial mammals. The terrestrial mammals from the North Sea are di- vided in four fauna-associations which are regarded as groups of larger mammals with a compar- able age although not necessarily regarded as contemporaneous. Heavily mineralized mammalian remains are referred to fauna-associations I and II. Fauna-association I, with Anancus arvernensis and Mammuthus meridionalis, of Early or Middle Villafranchian age is correlated with the Tigliart. Fauna-association II with e.g. Mammuthus meridionalis {advanced type!. Mammuthus trogomherii, Hippopotamus antiquus and Cervalces latifrons, of Late Villafranchian age is correlated with the late Early/early Middle Pleistocene. The fossil remains referred to fauna-association / originate most probably from the IJmuiden Ground Formation and fauna-association II from the Yarmouth ffoads Formation. -
Hippopotamus Pentlandi)
NATURA RERUM - 1 (2011): 5-20 New data on the Middle Pleistocene endemic Sicilian hippo (Hippopotamus pentlandi) Daria Petruso & Fabrizio Taschetta Department of Earth and Sea Science - Via Archirafi, 22 - 90123 Palermo; [email protected] Abstract. The skeletal and dental remains of a Late Middle Pleistocene-Late Pleistocene hippo coming from site K22 (Capo San Vito Peninsula - Trapani) in Western Sicily have been studied and the biometric data have been compared with other fossil Sicilian taxa with the aim of detect- ing possible morphological differences. Keywords: Hippopotamus pentlandi, Westernmost Sicily, late Middle Pleistocene-Late Pleisto- cene, Mammalia. INTRODUCTION The taxonomic relationship of fossil endemic mammals on Mediterranean islands with their continental counterparts is a question debated by paleontologists since the last two cen- turies. Among large mammals, hippos inhabited western and eastern Mediterranean islands during Pleistocene times. Apart the size - being the endemites smaller - numerous morpho- logical characters distinguish the island inhabitants from their continental forerunners. The Sicilian hippo has been firstly informally described by Pentland (1832) who consid- ered the taxon peculiar for Sicily similar to the living hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) but of reduced size and demanded a formal attribution. In the same year the Sicilian hippo received its formal name Hippopotamus pentlandi von Meyer 1832. Moreover in Malta was found a smaller taxon named Hippopotamus minutus Blainville 1847 nowadays considered synony- mous pro parte of Hippopotamus melitensis Major 1902. Falconer (1868) and Woodward (1886) considered the smaller Maltese form different from the Sicilian one and attributed all the Maltese taxa to H. minutus and the Sicilian ones to H. -
CAMILLO GOLGI, ARCHITETTO DEL CERVELLO Pavia, Palazzo Botta 2 – Via Ferrata 15 Settembre – 30 Dicembre 2006
CAMILLO GOLGI, ARCHITETTO DEL CERVELLO Pavia, Palazzo Botta 2 – Via Ferrata 15 settembre – 30 dicembre 2006 La mostra sviluppa un percorso storico a partire dalla tradizione biologica pavese, che fra Settecento e Ottocento ebbe la sua massima espressione con Antonio Scarpa, Lazzaro Spallanzani e Bartolomeo Panizza, per giungere al grande momento, successivo all’unità d’Italia, che vide l’opera di Cesare Lombroso e Giulio Bizzozero, dai quali Golgi trasse ispirazione per le sue ricerche subito dopo la laurea ottenuta a Pavia nel 1865. Nelle intenzioni del giovane laureato quello doveva essere l’incipit di un’onesta professione medica, ma il fascino contagioso che emanava da una personalità eclettica ed entusiasta come quella di Lombroso non dovette tardare a segnare le sorti di Camillo Golgi. Non era più la cura dei malati l’ideale professionale a cui sentiva di dover dedicare una vita. Ben più affascinante era diventato ai suoi occhi lo studio dell’encefalo e dei fenomeni nervosi. Tuttavia al meticoloso Golgi la personalità di Lombroso svelò presto le sue bizzarrie e le sue deficienze metodologiche, così, insoddisfatto da quella mancanza di rigore, lo scienziato iniziò a frequentare l’Istituto di Patologia Generale diretto da Giulio Bizzozero. Sotto la sua guida il futuro premio Nobel ebbe chiaro l’itinerario scientifico da seguire: la via istologica alla neurobiologia. Le sezioni tematico - didattiche A questa necessaria digressione storica il percorso accompagna alcune sezioni tematico-didattiche che illustrano i temi fondamentali delle ricerche di Golgi. In primo luogo viene affrontato il legame tra l’opera di Golgi e gli sviluppi più recenti delle neuroscienze. -
Quaternary International
The small mammal fauna from the Palaeolithic site Marathousa 1 (Greece) Constantin Doukas1*, Thijs van Kolfschoten2, Katerina Papayianni3, Eleni Panagopoulou4, Katerina Harvati5 1 Dept. of Geology & Geoenvironment, Athens University, University Campus-Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece. 2 Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, the Netherlands 3 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, UMR 7209 du CNRS, MNHN, Paris, France 4 Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology, Ardittou 34b, 11636 Athens, Greece 5 Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany *Corresponding author: email: [email protected] Keywords: Megalopolis, Marathousa 1, small mammals, arvicolids, Middle Pleistocene Abstract The lacustrine deposits exposed at the Lower Palaeolithic site Marathousa 1 (Megalopolis, S. Greece) and intercalated between lignite Seam II and III yielded a collection of small vertebrate remains. The assemblage includes fish and small mammals; the mammal assemblage encompasses a variety of species, dominated by voles (arvicolids) of the genera Arvicola and Microtus. Other rodents are represented by a dipod cf. Alactaga and a murid of the genus Apodemus. In addition, there is a number of insectivore remains that refer to the family Soricidae, and more specifically to the genus Crocidura. The unrooted Arvicola molars show a positive‘Mimomys’ enamel differentiation with a mean SDQ value of 122, indicating a late Middle Pleistocene age (ca. 400 ka.) -
A Review of the Geologic Sections and the Faunal Assemblages of Aurelian Mammal Age of Latium (Italy) in the Light of a New Chronostratigraphic Framework F
A review of the geologic sections and the faunal assemblages of Aurelian Mammal Age of Latium (Italy) in the light of a new chronostratigraphic framework F. Marra, S. Nomade, A. Pereira, C. Petronio, L. Salari, G. Sottili, J.-J. Bahain, G. Boschian, G. Di Stefano, C. Falguères, et al. To cite this version: F. Marra, S. Nomade, A. Pereira, C. Petronio, L. Salari, et al.. A review of the geologic sec- tions and the faunal assemblages of Aurelian Mammal Age of Latium (Italy) in the light of a new chronostratigraphic framework. Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier, 2018, 181, pp.173 - 199. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.12.007. hal-01806822 HAL Id: hal-01806822 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01806822 Submitted on 24 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manuscript Details Manuscript number JQSR_2017_644 Title A review of the geologic sections and the faunal assemblages of Aurelian Mammal Age of Latium (Italy) in the light of a new chronostratigraphic framework Article type Research Paper Abstract The Aurelian Mammal Age for peninsular Italy was introduced on the basis of faunal assemblages mainly recovered at sites along the Via Aurelia west of Rome. -
725 Paolo Mazzarello in the Mid-18Th Century the University of Pavia
Book Reviews 725 Paolo Mazzarello, L’inferno sulla vetta, Milan: Bompiani, 2019, 258 pp., €14.00, ISBN: 978-88-452-9778-6. In the mid-18th century the University of Pavia began its rise to prominence thanks to several scientific figures who brought it into the limelight with their research and written works.This was a clear consequence of the Italian Enlight- enment, which saw its widest diffusion in Lombardy and its main focus in the city of Milan. Due to its proximity, Pavia was fully involved in this inter- change of ideas and its university established a new mode and standard of scientific inquiry whose effects would continue to be felt up to the end of the 19th century. It began with the biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani, whose rejection of spontaneous generation and his demonstration of the theory as a miscon- ception in the area of microbiology during the second half of the century brought renown to the university. Just a few years later Alessandro Volta’s work on electricity offered a seemingly perfect metaphor for the ‘enlightenment’ in which the chairs in the sciences at the university were then bathed. The Nobel Prize granted in 1906 to Camillo Golgi for his life’s work in the med- ical sciences consecrated the reputation of this centre for academic studies. Golgi owed his achievements in part to the guidance provided by his intellec- tual mentor, Cesare Lombroso, who commenced his work in the same univer- sity. The story recounted by Paolo Mazzarello can be linked to Golgi’s achieve- ments and to the intellectual ferment in academic circles of the period.