Zachary Elinson CS 3111 Spring 2020 Table of Contents
Technical Ethical Theories Background History Aftermath
P2P Sharing Foundation Reservella Rule Utilitarianism Torrents Purpose Persistence Act Utilitarianism BitTorrent Projects The Hydra Bay Magnet Links Trial The Future Domain Names Convictions Peer-to-Peer Sharing “Pure” Peer-to-Peer Network
❑ Decentralized
❑ Reliable
❑ Unsafe
❑ No structure Peer-to-Peer Sharing
“Hybrid” Peer-to-Peer Network
❑ Centralized
❑No redundancy
❑ Vulnerable
❑ Protects users Torrent Overview
Torrent File ❑ Metadata
❑ No content
❑ Values hashed
❑ Needs tracker Torrent Overview
Tracker ❑ Server
❑ Manages connections
❑ Groups users, ‘swarm’
❑ The ‘middleman’ BitTorrent Protocol Software ❑ Calculates ID
❑ Locates data
❑ Sorts data Terminology ❑ “Peer”
❑ “Seeder”
❑ “Leecher” Magnet Links
❑ Unique value
❑ Tracker unnecessary
❑ Impossible to stop
❑ Extremely small size
❑ 1,643,194 links ≈ 90 mb
Example: magnet:?xt=urn:btih:6bd956b1844ee643f51856d636eda1cbbe9a9fcc&dn=The.Big.Bang.Theory.S03E08.The.Adhesive.Duck.Deficiency.HDTV.Xvi Domain Names
❑ Address alias
❑ Suffix = location, purpose
❑ Approved by ICANN
❑ thepiratebay.se, thepiratebay.org Foundation of the Pirate Bay
2001 : Rasmus Fleischer, Piratbyrån
2003 : Peter Sunde, Gottfrid Svartholm, Fredrik Neij
2004 : 1 million users 60,000 torrents
2006 : 2.5 million users Purpose of The Pirate Bay Associated Projects PeRiQuito - ISP ❑ Neij, Svartholm
❑ Hosts WikiLeaks
“…firm believers in freedom of speech, commerce, and the right to privacy and anonymity…” - PRQ Associated Projects PirateBrowser Mozilla Firefox + Vidalia
❑ Released August 10th, 2013
❑ Plugins, add-ons, proxy settings
❑ Bypass blocks Associated Projects Playble – Music Store ❑ April 30th, 2007
❑ “pay what you can afford”
❑ Nonprofit
❑ Payout by downloads
❑ Rejected by labels Humble Bundle
Digital Game Store
❑ November 24th, 2010
❑ Revenue divided
❑ 12 million unique customers
❑ $174 million donated to charity 2006 Raid
❑ March : 2.5 million users
❑ MPAA demands action
❑ March 31st : TPB goes offline.
❑ April 3rd : TPB online.
❑ May : 12 million users
❑ Alexa ranked 73rd 2008 Trial ❑Sunde, Neij, Svartholm, Lundström charged
❑“promoting other people’s infringements of copyright laws”
❑17 plaintiffs
❑$15 million USD in damages
❑Half of charges dropped “The case against The Pirate Bay was not the fight against illegal downloading of their works but a 2008 Trial fight to preserve the monopoly on the distribution means” – European Digital Rights Verdict: Guilty
❑ $3.6 million, 1 year prison
❑ Prison 4-10 months by appeal
❑ $6.5 million by appeal
❑ 2nd appeal denied
❑ TPB still active
“A person who is holding someone’s coat while they assault someone else is complicit in the crime.” – Prosecutor Hakan Roswall
Västervik Prison, 2014 Reservella, Ltd.
❑Founders sold TPB, 2006
❑Seychelles-based shadow firm
❑Nonprofit
❑No paper trail
❑No employees
The Hydra Bay
❑2014 raid
❑Two weeks offline
❑TPB source on GitHub
❑397 clones of TPB < 1 week
❑70 domain names The Future of The Pirate Bay
❑Piracy decline, 2014
❑Abundant subscriptions, 2019
❑80% streaming-related
❑Exclusive content
❑“Monopolistic distribution” The Future of The Pirate Bay The Future of The Pirate Bay
❑DRM “stops” copying ❑License, not owned ❑“Locked in” to company ❑Remove DRM, reduce piracy ❑38% of music pirates pay ❑34.7% “region locked” ❑80% of files legal Rule: If I can share information for free using The Pirate Bay, then I should.
Rule Utilitarianism Benefits:
❑ Sum of knowledge increases Sharing Free ❑ Accessibility Information ❑ Derivative work ❑ Expose corruption ❑ Innovation ❑ Collaboration Judgement: Moral Drawbacks:
❑ Less/no business profit ❑ Fake information Rule ❑ Illegal information Utilitarianism Scenario: Allow the The Pirate Bay to exist.
Act Utilitarianism Service One-time Cost ($) Annual Cost ($)
Apple TV 5 60
Shudder 6 72
Disney Plus 7 84 ❑ Average person has 3 Hulu 8 96 subscriptions Let The Pirate CrunchyRoll 8 96 Netflix 9 108 ❑ ≈ $37 / month Bay Exist? Starz 9 108 ❑ CBS All Access 10 120 47% “need” multiple subscriptions Showtime 11 132 Youtube Premium 12 144 ❑ 57% - “shows disappear HBO Now 15 180 after subscribing” Sling TV 30 360
Playstation Vue 40 480 ❑ Estimated 20% share accounts YoutubeTV 50 600 Hulu TV 55 660 ❑ 18% of 1500 admitted AT&T Now 65 780 “piracy at least once” Digital Purchase 5-20 Act Digital Rental 6 Theater Ticket 9.16 Utilitarianism United States Movie & Television Revenue: Let The Pirate 2017 : $87.36 billion 2018 : $97 billion Bay Exist? 2019 : $101 billion
United States Media & Entertainment Revenue: 2019 : $717 billion Judgement: 2023 : >$825 billion Moral Estimated global lost revenue 2017 : $31.8 billion 2019 : $29.2 billion Act Utilitarianism
Slide 1:
“The Pirate Bay.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Apr. 2020, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay.
Slide 3:
Zhang, Lily. “The Network You Forgot You Had.” The Muse, The Muse, 15 Oct. 2019, www.themuse.com/advice/the-network-you-forgot-you-had.
Slide 4: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Changhoon_Lee3/publication/259635464/figure/fig1/AS:297232688533507@1447877203422/Structure-of-a-BitTorrent-network-for-data-sharing-with- peers-on-the-network-who-receive.png
Slide 5:
Torrent File Editor 0.3.17.” Chocolatey, http://chocolatey.org/packages/torrent-file-editor.
Slide 6:
“Why are the authorities only after The Pirate Bay when there are also others, like Kickass?” Quora, 13 December 2014, https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-authorities-only-after-The-Pirate- Bay-when-there-are-also-others-like-Kickass
Slide 7:
Sharma, Anchit, et al. “10 Best Free Torrent Clients for Windows and MAC ~2020.” TechWorm, 4 Feb. 2020, www.techworm.net/2018/10/torrent-downloader-10-best-torrent-clients-for- windows-2018.html.
Slide 8: btarunr Feb 29th, 2012 09:19 Discuss (18 Comments). “Pirate Bay Gets Rid of Torrents, Serves Magnet Links.” TechPowerUp, 29 Feb. 2012, www.techpowerup.com/161466/pirate-bay-gets-rid- of-torrents-serves-magnet-links.
Slide 9:
Didactico. “Tipos De Dominios Geográficos, De País o Territoriales.” Internet Didáctica - Programas, APP, Formación y Cursos Online, 20 Nov. 2018, www.internet-didactica.es/dominios- geograficos/.
Slide 10:
Mejia, Paula. “Ahoy, the Pirate Bay Has Returned.” Newsweek, Newsweek, 15 Mar. 2016, www.newsweek.com/ahoy-pirate-bay-has-returned-303551. Slide 11: O'Brien, Chris. “One Of The Pirate Bay's Founders Has Been Released From Prison After Almost 6 Months.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 10 Nov. 2014, www.businessinsider.com/pirate- bay-founder-peter-sunde-released-prison-2014-11. Slide 12: Dannen, Chris. “Pirate Bay Not Dead After All.” Fast Company, Fast Company, 30 July 2012, www.fastcompany.com/1340752/pirate-bay-not-dead-after-all. Slide 13: Musicandcopyright. “Is the BBC Report on the Effectiveness of the Pirate Bay Block Missing the Point?” Music & Copyright's Blog, 18 July 2012, http://musicandcopyright.wordpress.com/2012/07/17/is-the-bbc-report-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-pirate-bay-block-missing-the-point/. Slide 14: Torres, Ida. “Amazon, Pandora Testing out Pricing of Music Streaming Services .” Android Community, Android Community, 13 Sept. 2016, http://androidcommunity.com/amazon-pandora- testing-out-pricing-of-music-streaming-services-20160913/. Slide 15: Kolar, Bradley. “PSA: Humble Bundle.” The Fanfare, http://bpsfanfare.com/9032/showcase/psa-humble-bundle/#. https://support.humblebundle.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/218159567/Screen_Shot_2016-11-30_at_9.30.29_AM.png Slide 16: “10 Years Ago Hollywood Awoke The Pirate Bay 'Beast'” TorrentFreak, 9 Jan. 2017, http://torrentfreak.com/10-years-ago-hollywood-awoke-the-pirate-bay-beast-160531/. Slide 17: The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, www.theguardian.com/technology/piracy/2009/jun/30/all. Slide 18: https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4D1BAQHJ--pgMS_J1Q/company-background_10000/0?e=2159024400&v=beta&t=ypd1IjUkyisdXJW-RoW76eGBuSXqIFE7BbgN8WBTgUE Slide 19: Larsson, Daniel Goldberg and Linus. “Pirate Bay Co-Founder Peter Sunde: 'In Prison, You Become Brain-Dead'.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 5 Nov. 2014, www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/05/sp-pirate-bay-cofounder-peter-sunde-in-prison. Slide 20:
Stenovec, Timothy. “Details on the Royal Couple's Honeymoon Destination.” HuffPost, HuffPost, 7 Dec. 2017, www.huffpost.com/entry/seychelles-map-population_n_860481.
Slide 21:
“The Pirate Bay Aims High with Bizarre Flying Server Scheme.” Geek.com, 20 Mar. 2012, www.geek.com/chips/the-pirate-bay-aims-high-with-bizarre-flying-server-scheme-1476755/.
Slide 22:
Weissman, Cale Guthrie. “The Pirate Bay's New Logo Sends a Loud Message to the Authorities Trying to Shut It Down.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 19 May 2015, www.businessinsider.com/the-pirate-bay-has-a-new-logo-with-a-clear-message-2015-5.
Slide 23:
“The Streaming Services Are Getting Out of Hand.” Grit Daily News, 22 Jan. 2020, http://gritdaily.com/the-streaming-services-are-getting-out-of-hand/.
Slide 24:
Feldman, Brian. “Piracy Is Back.” Intelligencer, Intelligencer, 26 June 2019, http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/piracy-is-back.html.
Slide 25:
“r/BulletBarry - Keurig Coffee DRM.” Reddit, www.reddit.com/r/BulletBarry/comments/796vzx/keurig_coffee_drm/.
Krzywinski, Martin. “DRM Revolution 01.” Flickr, Yahoo!, 24 Mar. 2007, www.flickr.com/photos/fullaperture/432100462.
Slide 26:
“Intellectual Free Property Speech to Copyright Laws Are Anti-Free Speech: Meme on ME.ME.” Me.me, http://me.me/i/intellectual-free-property-speech-to-copyright-laws-are-anti-free- speech-10086710.
Slide 28:
Kim, Eddie. “After 15 Years, the Pirate Bay Still Can't Be Killed.” MEL Magazine, 23 Mar. 2020, http://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/after-15-years-the-pirate-bay-still-cant-be-killed.
Slide 31:
“’TPB AFK’ – Simon Klose's Documentary about The Pirate Bay out Now.” Grundversorgung 2.0, http://digitale-grundversorgung.de/blog/2013/02/21/tpb-afk-simon-kloses-documentary-about- the-pirate-bay-out-now/.