Pilgrims and Puritans

NY PU B LIC LI B RARY THE B RA NC H LI B RA RI ES

3 3 3 3 3 0 5824 1 9 08

T H E N E W Y O R K PUB LIC LI B RARY

O R L E NOX A N D AST , TI L DE N F O U N D PN “O r 3

PILGRIMS AND PURITANS

TH E

STO RY O F THE PLANTING O F PLYMO U TH

AND B O STO N .

N . MOORE .

G I N N C O M PA N Y B OSTON NE W YOR K C H I C A G O L O N D O N A N D

”oN s ' T IL Dt Ii t u u

E ntered ac c ordin to A c tof C on ress in the ear 1 888 b g g , y , y

MOOR N . E ,

h the Ofﬁc e of the L ib rarian of C ongress atWas hington .

A L L K I G HT S R E SE R V E D .

2 7 - 7

m l) : t c n az u m E r c s s G I N N C O M PA N Y PR O P R I E T O T N . S .A gg B OS O U . PR E F A C E .

T H E s tor of th e s e em en of P m ou h o d b y ttl t ly t , t l y

B radford an d Win slow an d ha of B os ton fou n d , t t ,

’ in W n hro s ou n a ha e th e u nfailin c harm of i t p J r l , v g pers on al n arrativ e an d th e val u e ac c orded to all ﬁrs t

h s or T o res en the s u s an s ou rc es of i t y. p t b t c e of th es e st ori es in a s etti ng wh i c h s hall bri n g them w h n th e c om r “ 1151 of an d w h it i p 3 q it

’ ‘ s u c h m ap s an d tea as! m ay p idve: u s efu l in the

’ i ' l l v u m s hoo oo m is th e ur f g i e o e . c , ﬁ pésjj o i s lr ’ a litt l 3 i f MOO R E .

C O N T E N T S .

A N D N I S E PA R ATISTS PUR ITA S N E N GL A N D .

am s nd h I . J e a t e Separati s ts

II . C h arl es and the Pu ritans

T HE P OK A N OK E T A N D MA SSA C HU SE TTS I N D I A N S

T HE PILGR IMS .

T h f n I . e Flight rom E gl and

T he o a e to A m e c a I I . V y g ri

III . Dis c overi es

h E n n e IV . T e F irs t c ou t r

P m ou h V . ly t

s e S uan o and M as s as o V I . Sam o t, q t , it

d en u es of th e s Su m m e V I I . A v t r Fir t r

n F am ne V III . F eas ti ng a d i

’ Mas s as its nes s I X . o Ill

c X . Vi tory

BOSTON I N E N GL A N D

WIL L IAM B L AC K STON E

JOHN WIN THR OP

N OTE S

I N D E X M P A N D U R A S I L L ST AT I ON S .

’ E T O ontzlv z MA P OF MASSAC HUS T S C AST F r p ece.

CHA R L E S 1 . I N D IAN CR AD LE SITE OF T H E M AN OR HOUSE AT SC R OOB Y

MA P OF E N GLAN D A N D HOLLAN D 2 3- 24 HOME OF T HE PIL GR IMS I N L E YD E N STAN D ISH COAT OF A R MS MA P OF V OYAGE S OF DISC OV E R Y MA P OF CAPE C OD MA P OF PL YMOUTH E D WA R D WIN SL OW SQUAN TUM HE AD

L ’ ST . BOTO PH S CHU R C H

MAP OF E E R N M C E AN D R OD E N D I 0 6 AST ASSA HUS TTS H ISLA ,

T R N IMOU TAIN 1 1 0

O ON OL D A N D N E W B ST ,

JOHN WIN THR O P

’ WIN TH R OPS F L E E T

’ T HE F IR ST KIN G S CHAPE L A N D B E A C ON HILL S E PA R AT I ST S A N D PU R ITAN S I N E N G LAN D .

A N D T E JAMES H SEPARATISTS .

W . of HEN James I became king England , he tried , as English kings and queens had tried

to s over before him , enforce Obedience to one

” “ e i n g church . I will have he said , one doc

on e trine , discipline , one religion in substance ” an d ceremony . The wishes of his people mattered little to

S him , I will govern , ran his haughty peech ,

according to the common weal , but not accord ing to the common will .

To protest was vain , It is said he , high contempt in a subject to dispute what a

d o o r king can , to say that a king cannot do ” this o r that . 2 S A N D EPARATISTS PURITANS .

He believed ﬁrmly that “ a king is above law

” “ by his absolute power, and that a king can ” do no wrong . Hoping to maintain absolute power he al lied himself with the bishops of the English Church ; and insisted that the same church ser vice and the samechurch ceremonies Should be performed in every English parish . In many of the parishes there were men who disapproved of parts of the service and of many of the ceremonies . They wished to wor Ship God in a way puriﬁed from certain Old time customs , and were therefore called , mock

in l . T g y at ﬁrst , Puritans he Puritans refused to conform to the church . j ames said that they must conform .

“ “ or I will make them conform , said he , I

n or . will harry them out of this la d , worse

of Then some the Puritans , believing that they had a right to j udge fo r themselves in such matters , broke away from the church and formed separate congregations of their own .

Of n One these congregatio s met at Scrooby .

C H R L E I A S . A N D T H E CHARLES PURITANS . 5

’ A S J ames s threats were followed by pers ec u t ion , the Scrooby Separatists ﬂed to Holland .

There , outcasts from their country and wan dererS fo r Of the sake their religion , they began to Of speak themselves as Pilgrims . In time they crossed to America and settled at Ply mouth .

A N D T H E U T CHARLES P RI ANS .

T H E Puritans who remained within the church clung to it , hoping for better days ; but

James died , and Charles came to the throne , and still their trials did not cease .

’ Charles had learned well his father s maxims,

” “ a king can do no wrong , a king is above law and soon proceeded to practise them .

An English sovereign is bound , in law , to have a body of men , a parliament, to help him rule . Charles ruled alone , without a p arliament, 6 A N D SEPARATISTS PURITANS .

for many years . B y his folly he lost all hold upon the people , and when the Scots rose

for to in rebellion against him , trying make them accept some of the ceremonies of his

oin d church , his English subjects j e them in a civil war .

T for he war ended in a defeat Charles . He

and . was dethroned , at last beheaded Afte r this the Puritan Independents had matters all their own way for a time ; but the C hange came too late to beneﬁt those whom ’ Charles s rigor had driven from their homes .

ou t During his lifetime , before the war broke , a large number Of Puritans had left England to begin at Salem and Boston the Colony of

s B a Ma sachusetts y. T H E POK AN OK E T A N D MA S SA C H U S E TTS D A S I N I N .

T H E country settled by the Pilgrims and Puritans was overrun by savage hordes of

- - to straight haired , copper colored men whom f Columbus had given the name O Indians .

N ew War was their main business , but the

England Indians , though far from peaceful , had been somewhat tamed by planting c orn ﬁelds and building villages . Their villages could be built in a day and removed in an hour, for these people , wander ing from their c orn ﬁelds to their hunting grounds and thence to the river- weirs as the

fo r seasons changed , made themselves no real homes ; their dwellings were but places of Shel

° ter from cold and rain . A traveller writes “ I have seen half a hundred of their wigwams

Of ow together in a piece ground , and they Sh 8 T HE INDIANS .

n o r two prettily ; withi a day , or a week , they ” have been all dispersed . Yet some Of thei r rude hamlets stood for years .

o r Their houses , wigwams , are built with small poles ﬁxed in the ground , bent and fas

of o r tened together with barks trees , oval

- o n Of arbor wise the top . The best sort their houses are covered very neatly , tight and warm , with barks of trees slipped from their bodies at such seasons when the sap is up ; and made into great ﬂakes with pressures Of weighty tim ber, when they are green ; and so becoming

fo r dry, they will retain a form suitable the use

fo r Of they prepare them . The meaner sort wigwams are covered with mats they make Of a f kind O bulrush . “ These houses they make of several sizes some twenty , some forty feet long and broad . S om e I have seen of S ixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad . In the smaller sort they make a ﬁre in the centre of the house ; and have a lower hole o n the top of the house , to let out the smoke . T H E INDIANS . 9

They keep the door into the wigwams al w S ays hut , by a mat falling thereon , as people

ou t go in and . This they do to prevent air

coming in , which will cause much smoke in e very windy weather .

D I A N IN AN CRAD L E .

e If the smoke beat down at the lower hol , they hang a little mat , in the way of a screen ,

of On the top the house , which they can with a

S cord turn to the windward ide , which prevents

the smoke . I n the greater houses they make TH E 1 0 INDIANS .

r I o . two , three , four ﬁres have often lodged in their wigwams ; and have found them as warm as the best English houses . In their wigwams they make a kind Of

of couch mattresses , ﬁrm and strong , raised about a foot high from the earth ; ﬁrst covered with boards that they split out of trees , and upon the boards they spread mats and some

- - times bear Skins and deer skins . These are large enough for three o r four persons to lodge upon ; and one may draw nearer o r keep at a

of more distance from the heat the ﬁre , as they

s ix or please , for their mattresses are eight feet broad .

“ or Their food is generally boiled maize ,

I - o r ndian corn , mixed with kidney beans , some

. b Oil times without Also , they frequently in

Of this pottage , ﬁsh and ﬂesh all sorts , either

or new taken dried . Also they mix with the said pottage several sorts of roots ; as Jerusalem artichokes and

r - g ound nuts and other roots , and pompions and squashes and also several sorts of nuts or

T H E I 2 INDIANS .

Their dishes and Spoons and ladles are made

f w o O o d . Their pails to fetch their water in

Of are made birch barks , doubled up , that it hath four corners and a handle in the midst . From the tree where the bark grows they make f O . several sorts baskets , great and small

S om Of Of e their baskets are made rushes , some

Of Of bents , others of maize husks , others a kind

Of S Of Of ilk grass , others a kind wild hemp , and some Of barks Of trees . The baskets and mats are always made by their women ; their dishes , pots and spoons are

Of the manufacture the men .

’ . The Indians clothing in former times

S Of was kins beasts , as deer, moose , beaver, otters , raccoons , foxes and other wild creatures . Also some had mantles Of the feathers Of birds .

“ ’ Their ornaments are , especially the women s ,

- Of bracelets , necklaces , and head bands several

Of b of sorts eads , especially black and white wam om p .

“ The wam pom pagu e is made of a part T H E INDIANS . I 3

’ of ll the wilk s She . The black is of double value to the With this wam pom

in pague they pay tribute , redeem captives “ m a word , it answers all occasions with the as gold and Silver doth with us . Their weapons were bows and ar

C rows , lubs and tomahawks made of wood like

a pole axe , with a sharpened stone fastened therein ; and for defence they had targets made

Of barks of trees .

For their travels , and ﬁshing , they m Of ake boats , or canoes , . great trees , pine or chestnut , made hollow which they do by burning them , and after with tools , scraping ,

m n . s oothing , shapi g them They make another sort of canoes of

birchen bark , which they close together, sewing

of them with a kind bark , and then smearing

- the places with turpentine Of the pine tree . They used to oil their skins and

’ hair with bear s grease an d then paint thei r r faces with vermilion or other red , and powde

their heads . T HE I 4 INDIANS .

and Also they use black and white paints , make o n e part of their face of one colour and

Of another another, very deformedly The

do women especially this , and some men also , especially when they are marching to their

wars and hereby , as they think , are more terri

ble to their enemies . The men , in their ’ u s e or wars , do turkey eagle s feathers stuck in

their hair . They are much given to hospitality in their

way . If any strangers come to their houses they will give him the best lodging and diet

they have . “ There are among them certain men and w women whom they call pow ows . These

are sent for by the Sick and wounded .

w n The pow ows used a stra ge mode of cure . The manner Of their action is thus : The parties that are Sick are brought before them ;

of I n the powwow sitting down , the rest the dians give attentive audience , and after many a hideous bellowing and groaning he

all makes a stop , and then the auditors with T H E INDIANS . I 5

. one voice utter a short canto Which done ,

the powwow still proceeds in his invocations , sometimes roaring like a bear, other times groaning like a dying horse , foaming at the

on mouth like a chafed boar, smiting his naked breast and thighs with violence . Thus will he continue sometimes half a day .

The Indians herded in small tribes or clans , each having its petty C hieftain ; while the clans were grouped in larger tribes under a general

. ih sachem Thus the Massachusetts Indians , habiting the country between the hills Of Mil to n Of and the coast , formed one group allied clans ; the Pokanokets , living further toward

the . south , another These two groups were

C losely connected , at times even coming under

n o e government . The Massachusetts sachem once held domin

on an tu m Pu n k a oa ion over the Neponset , N , p g , and many other clans , and could call about him

Of . a large force warriors Squantum Farms , in

Ol d days called the Massachusetts Fields , was

- the gathering place of the tribe . There the T H E 1 6 INDIANS .

war councils were held , and there , too , were

r ﬁ l ﬁs hin - the c o n e ds and g weirs .

Massasoit , the sachem Of the Pokanoket

Mon tau group , lived sometimes at p , now Mount

Hope , sometimes at Warren , which in his day was S owam s . The Pokanokets included the Patu xets or

au s ets Plymouth clan ; the N , who were at East ham ; the N am as k ets Of Middleborough ; the

Pocassets of Swansea , Rehoboth , Somerset , and

M attac hees or Tiverton ; the Of Cummaquid ,

Barnstable ; and other tribes , besides the Wam

’ n Mas s a its a oa s s o . p g , especial men

C orbitan t who The Pocassets were led by , ’ would have liked to reign in M as s as oits stead ;

Mattac hees I an o u h the , by y g , from whom

au s ets Hyannis was named ; and the N , by As pinet . Of the Patu x ets little is known . In

1 6 1 4, when Captain J ohn Smith visited Cape

m 1 6 1 Cod , their village stood at Ply outh ; in 9 the village and the clan had disappeared . Smith had barely escaped with life from

B ! other Indians along the coast , but the okano T H E INDIANS . I 7

kets received him well . He , in turn , gave them fair treatment ; and was much displeased when

Of H unt , the master his second vessel , repaid

their kindness with treachery .

This Hunt , lingering at Cape Cod after

Pa Smith had gone , seized a number of the

tu x et of Indians , seven the Nausets , and three

from Cummaquid , and sailed with them for

Spain .

He betrayed four- and - twenty of these poor ” savages aboard his ship , wrote Captain Smith ,

“ in h u indignantly , and most dishonestly and manly for their kind usage Of m e and all our h men , carried t em to Maligo , and there , for a

l S for little private gain , so d these illy savages l ria s of eight . Among the Patu x ets thus stolen was an In

or T is u an tu m . dian named Squanto , q Squanto

L o n was not left in Spain , but was taken to

. don , where he lived for a while with a Mr

Slan ie : Slan ie . . John , in Cornhill Mr after

was ward sent him to Newfoundland , where he

found by another Englishman named Dermer. T HE I 8 INDIANS .

n e Captai Dermer, who was about to explor

the New England coast , took Squanto into his

1 6 1 service as a guide , and in 9 sailed with him for Cape C od.

Patu xet On arriving with Dermer at , Squanto

“ old found his home desolate , his friends all ” ‘ dead . No living person was in sight , to won

der at or to rejoice over his return .

on two Pushing further into the country, the

travellers learned that a great plague , which was

only then abating, had attacked the Indians ,

killing them by scores . Men scarcely healed

of told them its ravages . Among the Wam

an oa s b ut of p g sixty warriors remained , and ’ T is u an tu m s n ot q people none , even a woman

or a child .

The Massachusetts tribe , also , had nearly

Ob atin wat . b e vanished , sometimes called the 1 of l sachem Shawmut , still led a wretched ife in

old his haunts , wandering from place to place ” for fear of the Squaw- sachem and of the Tar

C hic k atau b ot a ratines ; a chief named , with

1 N ow B os ton .

T H E P G R M I L I S .

H E G T FLIGHT FROM EN LAND .

E Y of a ARL in the reign J ames the First , certain William Brewster lived in what re l of o d . mained the manor house , at Scrooby

- He was a staunch Puritan , Non conformist , o and Separatist , and had gathered a c ngrega 1 tion of Separatists about him Each Sunday saw people from the surrounding villages wend ing their way toward his house to listen tothe

of o r sermons Mr . Clifton , their teacher, of their pastor, Mr . Robinson . One of the most active members of the c o n

re atio n m g g was William Bradford , whose ho e

A u s terﬁ eld. was in the neighboring hamlet ,

1 Th ey were c alled N on - c onform is ts bec au s e th ey wou ld not c o nfo m to the es a s ed c u c Se a a s s ec au s e he had r t bli h h r h ; p r ti t , b t y separated from it .

T H E FLIGHT FROM ENGLAND . 2 3

Bradford had been left , as a child , in the care of

’ his uncles . They believed ﬁrmly in the king s ; church but he , when only seventeen , with

drew from that church , and joined the Scrooby

Separatists . The king was determined to force the Sepa

ratists to conform , and punished severely those

who refused to do so . “ a Some were t ken and clapt up in prison , others had their houses beset and watched

e night and day , and y most were fain to flie and leave their houses and the means f ” o their livelihood . f But even to fly was di ficult . James had said

“ that he would harry them out of the land , or ” worse ; and now , when the Pilgrims tried to

S leave England for Holland , he howed them ” f what that worse might be . His o ﬁcers were told to seize all who attempted to go . There was a large company of them pur posed to get passage at Boston in Lincolnshire , and for that end had hired a ship wholly to

the themselves , and made agreement with 2 T H E 4 PILGRIMS .

i master to be ready at a certa n day , and take them and their goods in . So after long waiting and large expenses , though he kept not day with them , yet he came at length and

6 tooke them in , in y night . But when he had them and their goods aboard , he betrayed

6 n them , having beforeha d complotted with y searchers and other ofﬁcers so to doe ; who tooke them and put them into open boats and there riﬂed and ransacked them , search ing them to their shirts for money .

“ ” These catchpole ofﬁcers stripped them not only of their money , but also of their books and other goods , and having done that , took the whole company back to the town , where they were imprisoned , some for a month , some for a longer time .

his On becoming free again , Bradford and friends formed yet another plan . They found a Dutch captain who promised to take them o n board his vessel at a point between Grimsby and Hull , far from any town .

The women and children , with the goods ,

T H E FLIGHT FROM ENGLAND . 2 5 w s ere sent to this place in a mall bark , and , arriving ﬁrst , put into a shallow creek to wait .

S Unluckily , the hip came at low tide , when the

o n bark lay stranded the mud , and its pas s en ers off g could not be taken .

The men , meanwhile , were walking impa tien tl of y about on shore , and one the boats

S of the hip set out to fetch them . The ﬁrst boat - load had hardly been taken on board the vessel when a body of armed pursuers was see n hastening across the ﬁelds ; and the Dutch man , alarmed for his own safety , swore his

’ country s oath (sacrament), and having the wind fair, weighed his anchor, hoisted sails , ” and away . The men thus carried off were nearly in despair at leaving their families and posses sions at the mercy of the ofﬁcers ; but though the women and the C hildren were detained in

England for a time , they were ﬁnally allowed to go , and , with the rest of the Pilgrim Church , at last joined their friends in Holland . 2 T H E 6 PILGRIMS .

H E Y T O T VO AGE AMERICA .

F OR the next eleven or twelve years the Pil grims tried to make an English home in Hol 1 land for their children and their church . But

” “ a .

they could not keep to English customs in a foreign land , nor could they hope to spread

1 H om e of the P m s in L e den as s een in 1 6 0 . N o . 1 is ilgri y , 7 the bell- tu rret (n o l onger s tandi ng) of the c ath edral whi c h s tood t 2 an h a d n N . I O is t e e ea h c h o ns on was u ed . o , b t whi R bi b ri hou s e in w c h o ns on ed wi a a den o n the e s de hi R bi liv , th g r hith r i , the f on e n at the o e end of the u d n o n the K lo r t b i g th r b il i g, g

- s ee or C oc a e m a ed N arrative and C r itical H ist. t g l k ll y, rk [ o A m er ica Wim on f , ] T H E Y T o VO AGE AMERICA .

their sombre religion among the pleasure - loving f . o Dutch Instead this , they saw their young people fast turning into worthy mynheers and v reows f , and their church su fering more here from the Sunday pastimes of the people than it had ever suffered in England from the wrath f o James . t Poverty , too , distressed hem , and they were

of F r alarmed by threats a coming war . o all these reasons they decided to make still an other change , to begin an English colony c in Ameri a . A tract of land near Hudson River was granted them ; and though the king would make them no promises , he allowed their mes s en gers to understand that their C hurch was not likely to be molested in his new realm . The younger and stronger members of the congregation then made ready for the journey.

They were to go ﬁrst , to break the way .

Among them were John Carver, William Brad ford , William Brewster, and Edward Winslow ;

ha and they d been joined by a soldier, Myles 2 8 T H E PILGRIMS .

l Standish , who was to become the most famous f o them all . Two vessels had been engaged to carry

them across the ocean , the

D elfts haven ° Speedwell , lying at

and the Mayﬂower, which was taking o n supplies at S ou tham p

ton , England . After a sad parting at Delfts

haven , the Speedwell joined the

Mayﬂower , and set sail with her along the English shore . V ery soon , however, the Speedwell sprung a

m fo r leak , and they put in at Dart outh repairs . Repairs proved of no avail ; she had gone but a short distance farther when her captain declared her to be unseaworthy , and they

of turned back , this time entering the port

Plymouth , on the southern coast . Here the Pilgrims Sifted their company

to anew . About twenty people withdrew leave space for the rest , while those who were best

1 - - A m s : A z . D I F A R . r ee s and s es STA N SH CO AT O MS thr t i h arg .

tto : C ons an en ou . C r est A c oc k arg . M o t t t t r E N OX A N D

F O U N DA N TI O S. G E E VOYA S 0 F DI SC OV RY .

0 T H E 3 PILGRIMS .

After long beating at sea they fell in with

C o d that land which is called Cape . This was not the region they were seeking, so they

“ e tacked aboute and resolved . to stand for y southward to ﬁ n de some place aboute H ud

’ t son s river. But after they had sailed y

e course aboute half y day they fell amongst ” dangerous shoals and roaring breakers . Because of these shoals and breakers and

“ e re y wind shrinking upon them withal , they

a ain e solved to bear up g for the Cape , and thought themselves happy to gett out of those dangers before night overtook them , as , by

’ e God s providence , they did . And y next day

e ridd they gott into y Cape harbor, where they in safety .

DISCOVERIES .

T HEY n ow gave up all thoughts of going fur ther, and decided to settle near this quiet bay . A shallop which had been stowed away I n DISCOVERIES . 3I

’

the ship s hold was therefore taken out , and fit the carpenter set to work upon it , to it for a voyage of discovery in the shallow water of

the coast and inlets . But Standish would not wait for the repair

of ing the boat . With Bradford and fourteen

’ Steven s s others he went ashore at Point , hoping to ﬁnd and treat with the natives , or at least

to explore the hills and streams . “ When they had ordered themselves in the order of a single ﬁle and marched about the

S b es ed pace of a mile , y the sea , they py ﬁve or s ix e people , with a dogge , coming towards

them , who were savages , who , when they saw

them , ran into the wood and whistled the dog ” after them .

Standish and his men pursued , but could not

overtake them ; so , as night was coming on ,

they stopped where they were , kindled a ﬁre ,

set three sentinels , and rested on the ground

till m orning .

By dawn they were up and away , following

in the track of the Indians . T HE S 32 PILGRIM .

T THE MA P DESCRIP ION OF .

A ta nea ha is s u os ed to ha e een a ond the om en , r w t pp v b p , w h were s etas h ore to was c l oth es .

A t5 S and s saw the nd ans and do . , t i h I i g

’ A t 6 a the nd ans d s a ea ed n o the oods and ran u , , I i i pp r i t w , p the hill .

A te the s n h was s en . , ﬁr t ig t p t

a N . E . a e . N ear E . H rbor Village th ey drank their ﬁrs t w t r

A t e u a ﬁ re as a S na to the s . g , th y b ilt ig l hip

A t/Z o h u o e s en e s ec ond n h . , N rt Tr r , th y p t th ir ig t

A tIr he o ened a a e . , t y p gr v

A tZ C o n e du u s o m e c o n . , r hill , th y g p r

A fter reac hi ng Pam et River th ey tu rn ed bac k .

H a B df as u in a dee A ti nea E . o a e a o d w c a , r rb r Vill g , r r ght r trap .

A t t nea G ea Pond the d ex ed on as s ed ei s , r r t , thir p iti p th r ﬁr t n ight .

A t n ea G ea M eado C ee th e d ex ed on as s ed y , r r t w r k, thir p iti p

he n t ir s ec ond ight and had the ﬁrs t enc ou n ter with the I ndians . n d L ight

UT I-I T RU RO -f

m p u s B a

L E A N

DISCOVERIES . 35 Thorow boughs and bushes and under ”

hills they marched , tearing even their armor,

growing more hungry and thirsty every hour,

o r but ﬁnding no houses people . At last they came to a valley of fresh springs

“ where they saw a deer . We were heartily ” glad , they write , and sat us downe and dru n ke o u r ﬁrst New - England water with as much delight as ever we dru n ke drinke in all ” u r o lives .

Next they saw some heaps of sand , and from on e of the heaps dug a buried bow and some arrows . These mounds , they thought , were

“ a ain e Indian graves , so they put the bow in g , and made it up as it was and left the rest u n

” “ ” touched , thinking that it would be odious to the savages to have strangers ransack their sepulchres . Walking on through a ﬁeld o r two of stub ble , they arrived at another mound , not a grave , this time , but a granary , where they

“ dug up a ﬁne great new basket , full of very fair corn with some six and thirty goodly 6 T H E 3 PILGRIMS .

of ears corn ; some yellow , and some red , and others mixed with blue , which was a very ” goodly sight .

of As they were in need the corn , they took

it with them , trusting that they might afterward

ﬁnd and pay the owners .

o n Wandering through the woods , their way

back to the ship , they came upon an Indian

“ - S e deer trap , a young prit , bow d down over ” b o w n a , and some acorns strewed under eath . The manner of its working was shown in a

way that caused them some amusement , for

“ while they stood looking at it , William Brad

in ford , being the rear, when he came up looked

also upon it , and , as he went about , it gave a

sudden jerk up , and he was immediately caught

by the leg . After freeing him they continued on their way ; marching some while in the woods ,

o n some while the lands , and other while in the water up to the knees till at length they

off came near the ship , shot their pieces as a

on . signal , and were taken board the vessel

8 T H E 3 PILGRIMS .

Outside were sundry bundles of ﬂags an d

f to sedge , bulrushes and other stu f make mats . This party returned to the ship without hav

ing seen any very good place for building , and November passed while various plans were being discussed . One important act marks the month : the Pilgrims made a formal compact with each

“ I n other, which they called themselves a body ” politic , with power to make laws and enforce

obedience . At the same time John Carver

was declared their governor .

H E T FIRST ENCOUNTER .

O N of Wednesday , the sixth December,

Standish , Carver, Bradford , Winslow , and others set out for a third search , their last . ’

By this time winter had begun in earnest .

“ s o The weather was very cold , and it froze T H E FIRST ENCOUNTER . 39

S hard , as the pray of the sea lighting on their

coats , they were as if they had been glazed .

Toward evening they landed , made a barri

of of cade logs and boughs , and , setting one their

number to watch , betook themselves to rest .

“ When morning was come , they divided h e t eir company , some to coast alonge y shore

e e in y boate , and the rest marched through y e h woods to see y land , if any ﬁt place mig t be for their dwelling .

“ So they ranged up and doune all y day, ”

n o r . but found no people , any place they liked

That night , as they lay about their ﬁre within

“ - their three sided shelter, they heard a hideous

‘ and great cry , and their sentinel called , Arme , arme so they bestirred themselves and stood to their armes and shot off a couple of mus ” kets , and then the noise ceased .

They thought it only a pack of wolves , and threw themselves upon the ground again to

I n ﬁnish their sleep . But the early gray of the morning, when they had risen and were about

“ to eat , they again heard a great and strange T H E 40 PILGRIMS .

c r wo - wo - ha y, sounding like ath , ach , ha

hach wo - ach I and uttered by the same voices

that they had heard in the night .

“ They were not long in doubt ; one of thei r company came running in and cried Men ! I Indians , Indians

“ The great and strange cry was , indeed , an

- Indian war whoop ; the Nausets , whose arrows now began to ﬂy thick and fast about the bar

ricade , were come to avenge the inj ury done 1 to their tribe years before by H unt .

i Captain Myles Standish , hav ng a snap 2 S an hance ready , made a hot , and after him ” S other . Then more hots were heard from the

fo r of i shallop , some the party were defend ng that ; then came a pause fo r reloading and a

“ S to hout from the boat for a ﬁrebrand , light ” their matches At this o n e of the party

snatched a log from the camp ﬁre , shouldered

h r of it , and marched wit it th ough the shower

arrows to the men in the boat , while the rest

1 ’ T he m as ter of one of Sm ith s ves s els . He c arried off a

n m f n n . I . u ber o I dia s and s old them as slaves . [See p 7 ] 2 A s na han is m p c e a u sket with a ﬂi n t loc k . T H E FIRST ENCOUNTER . 41

called unto them to know how it was with ” “ them , and caught the answers , Well !

! o n e Well from every , followed by the

“ ” hearty cry , Be of good courage . The ﬁring had kept the Indians at a dis

“ tance , yet there was a lusty man , and no less valiant , stood behind a tree within half a mus

S ket hot , and let his arrows ﬂy at them . He

S was seen to hoot three arrows . He stood

S all three hot of a musket , which were avoided

o n e e till taking full aim at him , made y

e barke or splinters of y tree ﬂy about his ears after which he gave an extraordinary shriek , f ” o . and away they wente , all them Hastening to ask if any of the party were

of wounded , Standish found that not one

“ them was either hurte or hitt , though their arrows came C lose by them and on every Side of them , and sundry of their coats , which were u 6 h nge up in y barricade , were shot through and through . Afterwards they gave God sol em n thanks and praise for their deliverance , and gathered up a bundle of their arrows , and 2 T H E 4 PILGRIMS .

e e sente them into England by y master of y

e ship , and called that place y ﬁrst encounter .

“ Setting off from The First Encounter they sailed in search of a harbor In the course of the afternoon a storm came on ;

“ they broke their mast in three pieces , and their sail fell overboard in a very grown sea , so as they had like to have been cast away , ’ h yet by God s mercy t ey recovered themselves ,

e e and having y ﬂood with them , struck into y harb o re . And though it was very dark and

6 e rained sore , yet in y end they gott under y lee

t of a smalle island and remained there all y ” 1 s afti night in e . The next day they dried their drenched clothing and rested on the island “ and this

e being the last day of y week [Saturday ,

e to Dec . they prepared there keep y Sab bath . On Monday [ Dec . they sounded

e fo u n de ﬁtt Shi in o“ y harbor and it for pp D ’ and

e marched into y land , and found divers corn

1 ’ ’ C a s s and nam ed s o for C a the m as e s m a e who l rk I l , l rk, t r t ,

was h hem an d was the s to s e u on its S o e. wit t , ﬁr t t p p h r

° ' 7 0 35

D U X B U RY

X B U R Y

PLY M D U H B AY KI NGSTON

PAT ln T N EW PLI MOTH

PA XE UTU T, OR PL Y MOU TH .

6 T H E 4 PILGRIMS .

0 o n e sides were deserted . N disputed with the

English their right to claim the soil .

A site for their town was chosen , and on

Christmas Day the ﬁrst house was begun .

“ : the Their Christmas record runs Monday , ” a th o n 5 day , we went shore , that is , the men

“ of the company did so ; some to rive and ” n o some to carry , so man rested all that day . And no child was the merrier for that ﬁrst

Christmas time in the new world . Christmas was a C hurch holy - day which the Pilgrims

n t o . would keep The services , the carols , the games , and the gifts with which the English Christmas had been marked were here all set aside . The mother could not have slipped

o r so much as a ring rattle into the stocking, — — even if the child had worn one of Oceanus

r f o o Peregrine . I think those Puritan babies would have stiffened in their cradles at the ! sight Their fathers , at least , were proud to

“ chronicle that no man rested all that day . h Had t ey been more fond of rest , the work which lay before them could not have been Y PL MOUTH . 47

done . Had they been less earnest in their grim religion , their strength would have been unequal to the task . Upborne by love of God and of the life which they believed he had com m an ded them to lead , they hewed down trees , dragged heavy logs , and endured pain and hunger as though each homely act were but

of another form praise .

By their j oint labor the ﬁrst rude hut , a

i i fi n storehouse for the r goods , was qu ckly i h d s e . Then , every man who had a wife and children o n the Mayflower began to build for them and for himself a like small cabin of rough logs ; with a filling of mud mortar,

of . windows oiled paper, and thatched roof

o r Unmarried men , those whose wives

o r had not yet come , were taken into one

an d another of these households , the company was thus reduced to nineteen families . Nine

- o u t teen house plots were laid , but by the time seven dwellings had been raised there

of . was no need more Anxiety , exposure , on and fatigue , as well as the long stay 8 T H E 4 PILGRIMS .

d shipboar , brought mortal illness among the Pilgrims ; during that ﬁrst winter half of their r number pe ished .

“ : William Bradford writes Mr . Edward

Winslow his wife dyed the ﬁrst winter . Captain Standish his wife dyed in the ﬁrst

S . ickness Mr Molines , his wife , his sone

and his servant dyed . Only his daughter,

Priscilla , survived .

“ Bradford himself was very ill . Being at

” “ work , he was vehemently taken with a griefe

and a paine . It was doubted that he would

have instantly died , but he grew a little

better towards night , and in time , through

’ of God s mercy in the use means , recovered .

The soldier, Standish , now turned nurse .

o n e At time he and six others , among them

Brewster and Carver, were the only men well f enough to take charge o the sick . Bradford says gratefully that these friends “ spared no

pains night or day , but fetched them woode ,

made them ﬁres , dressed them meat , made their

1 m Her na e was Ros e . Y U PL MO TH . 49

loathes om e c loathed beds , washed their clothes , l a ° and u n c o thed them ; in a word did all y homely and necessary ofﬁces for them

e ” without any grudging in y least .

“ Their loss was terrible . There died some times two o r three of a day ; of one hun ” odd dred and persons scarce ﬁfty remained . l . o d But read what Mr Robinson , their min ” : ister, wrote them from Holland In a battle ,

“ he said , it is not looked for but that divers should die . It is thought well for a side if it

of get the victory , though with the loss div

r t o o o . ers if not too many great God , I hope , hath given you the victory after many difﬁ lti ” c u es . V ictory , then , seemed far away , for while the

S ick lay helpless in their beds , Indians were lurking near the settlement , watching stealth ily the movements of the strangers . To hide from the savages the weakness of the little colony the graves of the dead were levelled and the burial - place was turned into a

of ﬁeld grain . E 50 T H PILGRIMS .

S U A N T o A N D T SAMOSET , Q , MASSASOI .

T H E f Indians proved shy o approach . They made Signs of deﬁan c e from the top of Wat

’ son s H ill , and seized upon some tools left in the woods , but vanished if pursued .

The settlers were astonished , therefore , when o n e day a dusky ﬁgure strode down their vil

“ lage street , crying aloud , Welcome , English men ! “ H e very boldly came all alone and along the houses straight to the rendezvous , where we f intercepted him , not su fering him to go in , as undoubtedly he would out of his boldness . H e saluted us in English and bade us welcome , for he had learned some broken English among the Englishmen that came to ﬁsh at

Mo n hi o n gg [ Monhegan] . This was Samo set , an Indian from Maine . Samoset stayed over n ight and went away o n n Saturday morning, only to come back agai A N D . 1 SAMOSET , SQUANTO , MASSASOIT 5

“ o n Sunday with ﬁve other tall proper m en

’ they had every man a deer s Skin on him and

’ the principal of them had a wild cat s skin , or

u o n o n e . of s ch like , the arm They are

: complexion like our English gipsies no hair, o r very little o n their faces ; o n their heads long

S hair to their houlders , only cut before ; some

- trussed up before with a feather, broad wise

- like a fan ; another a fox tail , hanging out .

They sang and danced , after their manner, like antics . They brought with them in a thing like a bow case , which the principal of them had of about his waist , a little their corn w pounded to a powder, hich , put to a little water, they eat . He had a little tobacco in a bag ; but none of them drank but when he 1 of liked . Some them had their faces painted

C black , from the forehead to the hin , four or

ﬁve ﬁngers broad , others after other fashions , as they liked . They brought us all our tools again , which were taken in the woods .

1 ” We do n otﬁnd th es e writers s ayi ng s m oke . T o dri nk ” tobac c o is th eir phras e . H 52 T E PILGRIMS .

Because of the day [Sunday] we dismissed them so soon as we could . The next time Samoset appeared I n Ply mouth he brought with him Squanto , who

of came as a forerunner the great sachem ,

Massasoit .

of Squanto was a native Plymouth , or

Patu x et S , though he had long ince ceased to m treat that as his ho e . He had been stolen from his country by the English , and during his long absence had learned to speak the language of his captors and to value English comforts and English power . He came to claim for his C hieftain the friendship of the settlers , and to announce that Massasoit was at d han . ’ Indeed , in an hour s time , Massasoit , with his

u ade u in a of brother Q q , and a band sixty war ’ o n riors stood in full view Watson s Hill . At ﬁrst they would not venture down into the val

n or ley , were the settlers in any haste to cross the brook ; but Squanto went back and forth with friendly messages , until both sides gained greater conﬁdence .

A N D SAMOSET , S Q UANTO , MASSASOIT . 55

C Then Winslow , with knives , a copper hain , and food as presents for the savages , mounted the hill and remained as a hostage with the Indians ; while Massasoit in his turn marched down with twenty of his followers and was escorted by Myles Standish to the place of

- ﬁ n is hed interview , a half house , hurriedly made splendid with “ a greene rugge and three or four cushions .

To this house came the governor , with dru m m e and trumpet after him and some few musketeers .

“ Massasoit , it is said , marvelled much at

“ of the trumpet , and some his men would sound it as well as they could , which probably was not well at all The sachem was a very lusty man grave of countenance and Spare of Speech ; in his attire little or nothing differing from the rest of of his followers , only in a great chain white bone beads about his neck ; and at it , behind his neck a little bag of tobacco which he drank and gave us to drink . E 56 T H PILGRIMS .

H is face was painted with a sad red , like murrey , and oiled , both head and face , that he ” looked greasily .

o N courtesy was withheld , however, after

ou r n salutations , governor kissi g his hand , the ” king kissed him , and so they sat downe .

“ of They then treated peace , which was that neither he nor his should do hurt ” to any of the Plymouth people ; in return fo r which the Plymouth people promised to protect him against his enemies , assuring him that King James would esteem him his ally and the visit ended in content for all .

V TU T H E AD EN RES OF FIRST SUMMER .

I N April the Mayﬂower went back to England .

o n e of Hard though the winter had been , not the Pilgrims returned with her . Indeed , John

to or Alden , who had come with permission go stay , now freely chose to abide with the rest . OF T H E ADVENTURES FIRST SUMMER . 57

“ He stayed , said Bradford , and married ” 1 here .

“ of After the departure the ship , as many as l were able began to p ant their corn , in which

S ervice Squanto stood them in great stead , shew o e ing them b th y manner how to set it , and after how to dress and tend it . Squanto had come to live among the Ply mouth settlers . He acted as interpreter between them and his people and aided the Pilgrims in many ways . The deaths among the colonists were fewer

“ S as the pring advanced , but whilst they were a busy bout their seed , their governor [Carver]

e S came out of y ﬁeld very ick , it being a hott day ; he com plained greatly of his head and lay downe and within a few hours his senses failed , so as he never spake more till he dyed , which was within a few days after .

’ Bradford was given Carver s place as go v

ern or.

“ o r o r In June July , having in some sorte

1 H e m arried Pris c illa M u lli ns . 58 T H E PILGRIMS .

t dered their business at home , it was though m eete to send some abroad to see their n ew

m friend , Massasoit . Edward Winslow and Ste ven Hopkins were charged with the undertaking .

“ ’ of red Carrying a horseman s coat cotton , ” S of laced with a light lace , a suit clothes , a chain and smaller presents , and guided by Tis

ou t quantum , they set for Pokanoket , Massa f ’ soi s home . ’ It was a two days journey . The party spent the ﬁrst night in the open ﬁelds beside an Indian weir upon the Taunton River . The next day they passed through tracts of well

S cleared land , unplanted ince the plague , and

to coming a ford , began to cross ; whereat two old of men , Indians , the sole survivors their

“ ” clan , ran very swiftly and low in the grass o n the opposite bank to challenge them .

“ They , with shrill voices and great courage standing charged upon us with their bows ,

“ says Mr . Winslow , demanded what we were , supposing us to be enemies . But seeing e we were friends , th y welcomed us with such T HE ADVENTURES OF FIRST SUMMER . 59

food as they had ; and we bestowed a small

bracelet of beads on them . Massasoit was away when Winslow arrived at

S owam s , but was sent for, and soon returned to

receive his guests .

u r Massasoit being come , we discharged o

” “ pieces , Mr . Winslow writes , and saluted him ;

who , after their manner, kindly welcomed us . and to ok u s into his house and set us down by

him , where , having delivered our message

o n and presents , and having put the coat his

back and the chain about his neck , he was not a little proud to behold himself ; and his men

also to see their king so bravely attired .

“ For answer to our message , he told us we were welcome ; and he would gladly continue that peace and friendship which was between

him and us ; and for his men , they should no more pester us as they had done ; also that he 1 would send to Pao m et; and would help us with

corn for seed according to our request .

1 T ﬁ nd the o n e s o f th e ana e s at C o n a the Pil! o w r gr ri r hill , th t n grl m s m ight pay for the c orn take n th e c e . T HE L 6 0 PI G RIMS .

He lighted tobacco for us and fell to dis« ’ coursing of England an d of the king s maj

esty . f Late it grew, but victuals he o fered none , for indeed he had not any . So we desired to go to rest . H e laid us on the bed with him

o n e self and his wife , they at the end and we at the other, it being only planks laid a foot from the ground , and a thin mat upon them . Two

of more his chief men , for want of room , pressed by and upon us ; so that we were worse weary ” of our lodging than of o u r journey .

of The next day being Thursday , many their Sachems , or petty governors , came to see us About one o ’clock Massasoit brought

S two ﬁshes that he had hot . These being boiled , there were at least forty looked for a

S hare in them . The most ate of them . This meal , only , we had in two nights and a day .

- On Friday morning , before sun rising,

a we took our leave and departed , Mass soit being both grieved and ashamed that he could n o bet ter entertain us .

2 G 6 T H E PIL RIMS .

S Sailing ﬁrst to Barnstable harbor, they pent the night at Cummaquid . “ One thing was very grievous unto us at this

” “ old place , runs their account . There was an woman , whom we j udged to be no less than a

old hundred years , which came to see us because

She d never saw English , yet coul not behold us without breaking forth into great passion , weep

We ing and crying excessively . , demanding the reason of it , they told us she had three sons , who , when Master H unt was in these parts ,

S to went aboard his hip trade with him . and he carried them captives into Spain (for T is qu an tum at that time was carried away also), by which means she was deprived of the comfort of her children in her old age . We told them we were sorry that any Englishman S hould give f them that o fence , that H unt was a bad man , and that all the English that heard of it con dem n ed fo r him the same ; but for us , we would f not o fer them any such inj ury , though it would gain us all the skins in the country . So we

triﬂ es gave her some small , which somewhat h r” appeased e . OF T H E 6 ADVENTURES FIRST SUMMER . 3

The sachem of Cummaquid , pleased with his

V isitors , went on with them to Nauset , where

A s in et he landed with Squanto to ﬁnd p , and demand the boy . The tide ebbed while the shallop waited near

S the hore , and as she lay aground , the Nausets crowded about her . Here the owner of the

- unpaid for corn made himself known , and was assured that if he would V isit Plymouth he should have full compensation for his loss .

“ After sunset A spin et came with a great

o n e traine , and brought the boy with him , bear ing him through the water ; hee had n o t less than a hundred with him , the halfe whereof

S came to the shallop ide unarmed with him , the

arrowes other stood aloofe with their bows and .

There he delivered us the boy , behung with beades , and made peace with us , wee bestowing

o n t a knife him , and likewise on ano her that ﬁrst entertained the boy and brought him ” thither . So they departed from us .

of Well content with the result their journey , the party returned homeward , a report that

Massasoit was in danger adding to their haste . T H E G 6 4 PIL RIMS .

On reaching Plymouth they found that Mas ! s asoitwas indeed threatened by o ne of his chief

C orbitan t tains , , who was at Namasket, trying to stir up a revolt .

T o Namasket , then , went Squanto , to see

C rbitan t what o was about .

C o rbitan t Now hated Squanto , for making peace between the white men and the In dians .

C orbitan t If Squanto were only dead , said ,

the English would have lost their tongue .

’ S o C orbitan t beset Squ an to s wigwam and

H obam ok took him prisoner ; but , another interpreter, who was with Squanto , ran , breath

to fo r a less , back Plymouth , aid from Capt in

Standish .

t am as ket Standish marched promptly o N . At dark he stationed his nine men around the

C o rbitan t house where was supposed to be , and

low boldly entering the door, demanded the chief . The frightened savages scattered at sound of his voice ; three , trying to escape from the hut, OF T H E 6 ADVENTURES FIRST SUMMER . 5

d C orbitan t were wounde by the guard outside . himself , however, was nowhere to be seen .

H ob am ok , learning this , sprang to the top of the hut and called loudly for Squanto and

T k am aham n o o . They came , followed by a f troop o trembling natives . These were assured that the white men would not at all hurt their ” women o r children ; whereat several half

N e - en s u aes ! grown boys clamored loudly , q I am a woman ! ” Food and tobacco were timidly brought to S the invaders ; then tandish , with utter fear

’ lessness , ensconced himself in the chief s wig wam for the night .

In the morning , after leaving word that ven gean c e Should fall upon C orbitan t and all his tribe if Massasoit o r any friends of the English were troubled further, the little band marched a b ck to Plymouth , taking with them two of the wounded Indians , whose hurts were tended at the settlement and speedily cured . After this they had much ﬁrmer peace ;

e this C orbitan t him s elfe used y medi H E 6 6 T PILGRIMS .

Mass ass o te ation of y to make his peace , but was ” shie to come n eare them a longe while after . In September Captain Standish visited Mas tt s ac h u s e s Bay . H e noted the many islands of what is now Boston Harbor , landed perhaps at

’ Thompson s Island , and also at Squantum , ex

lored of p part the Mystic River, and returned to

“ the Plymouth settlers , wishing that they had ” been seated there .

V I I I .

A N D FEASTING FAMINE .

TWENTY acres of Indian corn and six of pease and barley had been planted in the Spring of

1 6 2 1 . I n the autumn the settlers gathered their ﬁrst harvest . The pease were come to nought ; but the

: barley , Wheat , and corn had yielded fairly the crops might be considered a success . With lightened hearts the Pilgrims now made ready

“ h T han k s iv for a harvest ome , the earliest g ing .

P UBI.

A STON , L E N O X A N D

I L D E N F u d l a I ION T S .

T H E 70 PILGRIMS .

ﬁve new settlers , with nothing to eat and little

to wear, came over from England to be taken

into the colony .

The number to be fed was thus doubled , and as it was almost impossible to get any large quantity of corn even from the most friendly

the Indians , settlers soon found themselves

threatened with a famine . Their provisions might last Six months if doled o u t in scant measure ; so each person was

“ given but half the usual amount , which began

to be hard , but they bore it patiently under ” hope of supply .

n o w And the Indians , seeing their distress ,

“ e Y of began to menace them . great people

e N arro an s etts n y g , in a bravi g manner, sente a messenger unto the m with a bundle of arrows l tyed aboute with a great snake - s kin ; which their interpreter told them was a threatening

e and a challenge . Upon which y governor

sente them a rounde answer, that if they had

rather have warre than peace , they might begine

1 he s T ki n of a rattl es nake . A N D FEASTING FAMINE . 7 1

when they would , and by another messen

e ”

- ger sent y snake skin back with bullets in it .

C an on ic u s of , the sender the arrows , was terriﬁed by the bullets . He would not touch

- S the snake kin , nor allow it to stay in his wig

r wam n o among his people . From one post to

o n e another it was hurried , until some was found bold enough to carry it back to Ply mouth . Though the Narragansetts were cowed by this prompt deﬁance , the Plymouth men began

“ to fortify their town against attack . They agreed to inclose their dwellings with a good

S strong pale , with gates to hut , which were every night locked and a watch kept This

e l an d was accomplished very cheerfu ly , y town 6 f impaled round by y beginning o March . In May and J une the Plymouth people were in an almost starving condition . The creeks

of fo r were full bass , and the sea of cod , but lack of proper nets and tackle few of eithe r could be caught .

By July the outlook was rather brighter . H E 72 T PILGRIMS .

The corn was ﬁlling well and the gardens gave fresh vegetables .

But before the month was past , an unruly

of ou t pack men , sent by Thomas Weston , stopped at Plymouth on their way to Massa c h u setts Bay .

These unexpected guests , sixty in number, n ot of satisﬁed with their allotted share food , plundered the ripe n ing c orn ﬁ elds and nearly

“ destroyed the coming harvest . Much was stolen both by night and day before it became scarce eatable , and much more afterward . And though many were well whipped (when they m were taken) for a few ears of co e , yet hunger made others (whom conscience did not restrain)

t to venture . So as it well appeared y famine

e n ot must still insue y next year also , if some way prevented .

During the summer , the colonists , though weak with fasting , succeeded in building a fort .

“ S It was a large , quare house , with a ﬂat roof

of - s made thick awn planks , stayed with oak ” o n beams ; and stood the hill , where there had A N D FEASTING FAMINE . 73

been before only a platform fo r the guns . Six the cannon surmounted ﬂat roof , while the

lower part of the building was used as a church . A traveller who visited the Pilgrims in 1 6 2 7 says

“ They assemble [for church] by beat of ﬁ reloc k drum , each with his musket or , in

’ front of the captain s door : they have their

cloaks on and place themselves in order, three

abreast , and are led by a sergeant without beat

of drum . Behind comes the Governor, in a long robe ; beside him o n the right hand comes

on the preacher with his cloak , and on the left hand the captain with his side arms and cloak o n , and with a small cane in his hand ; and so they march in good order, and each sets ” his arms down near him . In the autumn of 1 6 2 2 the colonists lost ” Man am o c k e or Squanto . At y , Chatham , whither he had gone with Bradford to get some corn for the famished settlers , he sickened and

“ e died , desiring y Governor to pray for him , that ’ (3 he might goe to y Englishman s God in heaven ; 74 T H E PILGRIMS . and bequeathed s u n drie of his things to sundry

of of his English friends , as remembrances his ” love ; of whom they had a great loss . Fresh trouble was erelong brought upon ’ the Pilgrims by Mr . Weston s men , who had before this left Plymouth to begin their settle

V V a u s s et ment at es s g . These reckless vaga bonds , coming to want , fell to robbing the Indians as they had robbed the Plymouth folk ; until the savages were inﬂamed with

o n anger against every white man the coast .

Standish narrowly escaped being killed .

Having gone to Manomet to fetch more corn , he was waiting in the wigwam of C an ac u m for

“ the shallop to be loaded , when in came two of f the Massachuset men . The chief o them

Witu wam at was called , a notable insulting

V illain . This villain took a dagger from about his n eck and presented it to the sachem , and after made a long framing it in such sort as the Captain could ” not gather anything from it . The speech was a proposal that Standish should be pres F G A N D EASTIN FAMINE . 75

C an ac u m ently put to death . consented , and a fourth Indian , from Pamet , was drawn into the plan . This man feigned great affection for Captain

“ Standish , would needs bestow a kettle of some

or six seven gallons on him , and would not

of accept anything in lieu thereof, saying he f was rich , and could a ford to bestow such favors

” on his friends whom he loved . Also he would

to of f freely help carry some the corn , a ﬁrming he had never done the like in his life before . N o r was this enough ; ﬁnding that for lack of

S wind Standish must pass the night on hore , he “ would needs lodge with him at their rendez vous , having indeed undertaken to kill him ” before they parted . h The wary captain , owever, did not close his

n ot eyes . Though he had understood their words , the actions of the Indians had made him watchful . Restlessly pacing to fro , or ! and turning o n e side and then the other toward the

fo r ﬁre , this was in March , and the night was cold , he kept guard until day . 76 T H E PILGRIMS .

Why do you not Sleep ! asked the In

“ dian ; and Standish replied that he knew not ”

n o des I re . well , but had at all to rest

fo r The savage , his part , had no desire at all to attack a waking Englishman , but biding still his time , followed the captain back to Ply mouth .

’ A A I T M SS SO S ILLNESS .

D U RING the time that the captain was at

” “ Manomet , writes Edward Winslow , news came to Plymouth that Massasoit was like to

ow r die . N , it being a commendable manne of the Indians , when any are dangerously sick , for all that profess friendship to them to visit them in their extremity , it was thought meet that as we had ever professed

S friendship , so we hould now maintain the same . To that end , the governor again laid this service upon myself, and ﬁtted me

H 78 T E PILGRIMS .

H obb am oc k In the way , , manifesting a

S S troubled pirit , broke forth into these peeches

‘ wom as u S a im u s wom as u Neen g , neen Sagi

” ‘ S mus , etc . My loving achim , my loving ! sachim Many have I known , but never any ’ W like thee ; and , turning to me , he said hilst I lived I should never see his like amongst the

Indians . He was no liar ; he was not bloody and cruel like other Indians . In anger and passion he was soon reclaimed ; easy to be reconciled toward such as had offended him ; and that he governed his men better with few strokes than others did with many .

“ Matta ois et At length we came to p , but

C orbitan t , the sachim , was not at home , but at

Six m Pokanoket , which was some ﬁve or iles off . Here we inquired again concerning

Massasoit ; they thought him dead , but knew no certainty . Whereupon I hired o n e to go with all expedition to Pokanoket , that we might

ac know the certainty thereof , and , withal , to

C o rbitan t quaint with our there being .

“ About half an hour before sun - Setting the

1 N ’ o w G ard ner s N ec k . ’ A A M SS SOI T S ILLNESS . 79

messenger returned , and told us he was not yet

S dead , though there was no hope we hould ﬁnd

. him living Upon this we were much revived ,

S and set forward with all peed , though it was late within night ere we got thither When we came thither we found the house

m en so full of as we could scarce get in . There were they in the midst of their charms fo r him . When they had made an end of their charm

o n e ing , told him that his friends , the English ,

were come to see him . Having understanding

left , but his sight . wholly gone , he asked

who was come .

‘ ’ Win s n ow They told him , for they cannot

pronounce the letter i.

He desired to speak with me . When I im came to him and they told h of it , he put h forth his and to me , which I took .

“ Then he said twice , though very inwardly,

’ Win s n o w P u Keen which is to say , Art tho Winslow !

‘ ’ ‘ ’ w A hh e . I ans ered , , that is , Yes 80 TH E PILGRIMS .

Then he doubled these words ; Matta neen won c kan et Win s n ow namen ,

“ ‘ to l S That is say, O Wins ow, I hall never

’ see thee again .

“ Then I called H obbam oc k and desired him

of to tell Massasoit that the governor , hearing

S his ickness , was sorry for the same ; and though he could not come himself yet he sent me with such things for him as he thought most likely to do him good ; whereof if he pleased to take , I would presently give him which he desired ; and having a confection of

. on many comfortable conserves , etc , the point of my knife , I gave him some , which I could scarce get through his teeth . When it was dissolved in his mouth he swallowed the j uice of it , whereat those that were about him much

n ot rejoiced , saying he had swallowed anything in two days before .

Then , he desiring to drink , I dissolved some f o it in water and gave him thereof . Within half an hour this wrought a great alteration in him .

82 T H E PILGRIMS .

my handkerchief and gave him at least a pint, which he drank and liked it very well .

m After this his sight mended ore and more , insomuch as we with admiration blessed God for giving his blessing to such raw and ignorant m eans .

“ Upon his recovery , he brake forth into

‘ these Speeches : N ow I see the English are my friends and love me ; and whilst I live I will never forget this kindness they have

’ Showed me . In his gratitude he called H ob am ok to him and revealed the plot of the Mas s ac h u s eu ks a plot to kill the white men of Wessa f gusset and also those o Plymouth . Massasoit had been asked to join the Massa c hu s etts Indians in this league to destroy the

! English , but had refused . H e now told Hoba mok that if the English wished to save their colony they must attack and kill the Massa

hu tts c s e chiefs .

. re Armed with this advice , Mr Winslow turned to the settlement . V ICTORY . 83

V Y ICTOR .

T H E warning reached Plymouth none too w soon . Winslo found Standish on the point of off setting for Massachusetts , still attended by that loving Pamet Indian .

The journey was postponed , and the Indian quietly dismissed . Then the matter was laid before the council . The council decided that Massasoit must be obeyed . Standish must suddenly fall upon the

Indian leaders and destroy them .

With eight men , therefore , he refused to

to take more , Captain Standish sailed Massa c h u s etts Wes s a u s s et Bay . Arriving at g , where the trouble was expected to begin , he found that many of the miserable settlers there had already “ starved and died with cold and hun ger . Others , so base were they , became servants to the Indians , and would cutt them woode and fetc h them water for a cap full of 84 T H E PILGRIMS .

h - ﬁ h C . s orne One , in gat ering shell was so

6 weak e as he stuck fast in y mudd , and was

6 ” of found dead in y place , and most them had “ left their dwellings and scattered up and down

6 6 in y woods and by y watersides , where ” they could ﬁnd groundnuts and clams . The Indians had ceased to fear or respect m “ the . Many times , as they lay thus scattered

abroad , and had set on a pot with groundnuts

or S - ﬁ sh hell , when it was ready the Indians would come and eat it up ; and when night

of came , whereas some them had a sorry blanket ,

o r to such like , lappe themselves in , the Indians

e would take it and let y other lye all night in ” the cold . Standish did what he could to rally their

feeble courage . H e tried to induce them to

V come back to their illage , promised each man a pint a day from the Slender store of seed

f S to corn , and o fered helter to any who wished

return to Plymouth . , While he was busied with these affairs and

s d awaiting a chance for action , the avages trie to discover the reason for his Visit .

6 8 T H E PILGRIMS .

Pec ks u o t Witu wam at the next day , when , ,

’ Witu wam ats brother, and another Indian were

— o r together in the room with him , three

—he four other white men being present , gave

S a sudden ignal , which his friends well under stood .

an In instant they made fast the door . Stan

Pec k s u ot dish then sprang upon , and , snatch ing his own knife from his neck , though with much struggling, killed him therewith ; the point whereof he had made as Sharp as a ” needle , and ground the back to an edge . The rest at the same time overcame Witu wam at and the other Indians , and the combat ended .

H ob am ok f took no part in the a fray . Stand

’ in g aside , he watched the captain s terrible

- - hand to hand struggle , then , smiling , turned

“ to : him with these words Yesterday , Peck

of own suot , bragging his strength and stature , said , though you were a great captain , yet you were but a little man ; but to - day I see you

o n are big enough to lay him the ground . Y VICTOR . 87

Three more Indians were afterward killed ,

’ o n e by Standish s party , and two by the Wessa gusset men . Fifteen of the natives , also , whom the English saw ﬁling through the woods , were chased away ; H o b am ok this time stripping off his coat and pursuing them hotly . Then the

of captain , taking with him those the Wessa gusset colony who wished to remain in the country , returned to Plymouth .

He had done enough . A panic seized the savages . Not knowing where else the English might strike , they ﬂed from their wigwams into swamps and forest fastnesses , where they lived

o r for a while in terror, until , seized by colds

C an ac u m fevers , many of them died . of Mano

A S in etof I an o u h met , p Nauset , and y g perished in this way .

“ In April , when the leaves of the white ” o ak were as big as the ear of a mouse , came the planting time . The Pilgrims therefore ,

of gladly setting aside their fears war, gave their attention to the ﬁelds . A greater quantity of corn than they had 88 T H E PILGRIMS . attempted to raise before was to be put into the ground this year ; and the settlers resolved f to try another plan o work . H eretofore the c orn ﬁ elds had been common property , the work and the harvest had been Shared alike by all ; but now each family was to have the

of care its own cornﬁeld , and enjoy the use f o its own grain .

of The wisdom this plan was soon shown .

n ow The women , , and even the children , helped

- hoe the home corn patch , and the labor went on with a heartier will .

“ The young corn came up well ; but six weeks after the latter setting, there scarce fell any rain , so that the stalk of that which was ﬁrst set began to send forth the ear before it came h to half growth , and that w ich was later not like to yield any at all , both blade and stalk hanging the head and changing the color in such a manner as we j udged it utterly dead . N ow were o u r hopes overthrown and we dis c o u ra ed ou r g , j oy being turned into mourning . In their distress they appointed a day for prayer .

T H E 90 PILGRIMS .

“ colonists were still in a very low condition . C lothing as well as food was sorely needed ,

many were ragged in apparel , and some little ” better than half naked .

In good time , however, the Anne and Little

James arrived from England with supplies .

Besides supplies , the vessels brought welcome additions to the colony ; among them were

’ William Brewster s wife with her daughters , Fear and Patience ; a certain Barbara who afterward became Barbara Standish ; and Mis tress Alice Southworth , whom William Brad ford had long known and whom he was now to marry . Not much had the Plymouth people to offer ’ their guests . The best dish they c o u lc present their friends with was a lobster o r a

o r piece of ﬁsh , without bread anything else ” of S but a cupp fair pring water . Bradford tells

us that the passengers , on seeing the want and

“ of poverty the settlers , were much daunted

and dismayed , some wished themselves in

a ain e a- England g ; others fell weeping , fancy VICTORY . 9 I

e ing their own misery in what y y saw now in others ; other some pitying the distress they saw their friends had long been in and were still under ; in a word , all were full of sadness .

old Only , some of their friends , does not this hint that Mistress Southworth was of ! “ a cheerful temper rejoiced to see them ,

t an d y it was no worse with them , for they could not expect it should be better, and now ” hoped they should enjoy better days together .

“ e The hope was fulﬁlled . By autumn y effect of their particular plan ting was well

fo r seene ; all had , one way and other , pretty

e e well to bring y year aboute , and some of y a bler sortes had to spare and sell to others , so as any general want o r famine hath not been ” amongst them to this day . Their worst trials were past . Success was assured ; and a foot hold wo n for the new nation that was to grow from their dauntless determinatio n and faith .

e “ n God gave them plenty , and y face of thi gs

e 6 of of was changed , to y rej oicing y hearts

G od . many , for which they blessed I N B OS TON E N G LAN D .

T wo o n e brothers , of a noble family , called

A du l h p , the other Botolph , were born in Eng

in land , the seventh century . They were sent to Belgic France to be a educated , and in time became two le rned

of A du l h monks . The king France gave p a

of post honor in Belgium , but Botolph went back to England to found a monastery there . Though offered his choice of all the rich

of farm lands southeastern Britain , the good

St . Botolph , unwilling to disturb any home

“ steads , selected a wild region not inhabited ” u h by men , but only by devils a certain ” I kan h o . tilled place where none dwelt , named At I c an o e the monastery was raised ; and St Botolph lived in it with his followers to the end of his peaceful days .

He was a kindly , helpful man throughout his life ; and after his death the mariners c o n s id

BOSTON I N ENGLAND . 95

ered him their patron saint . His name itself

- o r meant bot holp , or boat help ; and seamen vessels in distress were supposed to be under his care .

of At the end a hundred years , the monastery was destroyed by the Danes . But the memory

f l re o St . Botolph lived ; and a sett ement which I t placed the monastery took his name . was

’ called the town of St . Botolph , or Botolph s

n tow . ’ With centuries of use the word Botolph s

to B otols to n town became softened , and Bot o s to n of , and Boston ; and now the name the city bears little likeness to that of the monk .

In I 30 9 the corner - stone of a beautiful great

’ C hurch , named St . Botolph s church , was laid

’ in Boston ; and in King James s time , when the church had long been ﬁnished , Mr . John

Cotton was made its pastor .

When Mr . Cotton had preached in the church about three years he became a Puri tan and a N on - conformist ; and all his people

- turned Puritans and N o n conformists too . B I N 96 OSTON ENGLAND .

I d Mr . saac Johnson and his wife the La y

A r lla b e . , were among Mr Cotton s hearers ; and a Mr . John Winthrop , of whom we shall learn more , also knew Mr . Cotton and valued him .

1 6 0 A rb ella In 3 Mr . Joh nson , Lady , Mr.

Winthrop , and others , disheartened by the state ff of a airs in England and in the church , set

fo r sail America .

Two years later, Mr . Cotton was driven from

“ : his pulpit . It was in this way A . fellow in the town , who had been punished by the ” magistrates , vented his rage by informing the High Commission Court that “ the magistrates [of Boston] did not kneel ” at a certain part f o the service . The persons to whom he told this asked for the name of the minister of the Bosto n church .

‘ said he , the minister is an honest

’ man , and never did me any wrong .

to They insisted , however, and he was forced confess that it was J ohn Cotton .

8 B N 9 OSTON I ENGLAND . has far o u t- stripped the town for which it was named , to this day it contains nothing half so grand as the huge church tower of old

Boston . W I M B I LL A LAC K STON E .

WILLIAM B LACKSTONE was the ﬁrst whit e man to settle upon the land now covered by

t o f the ci y Boston . No city stood here when

he came ; the whole place was a wild , uneven

patch of hills and hollows . He was an Englishman and had been a clergyman . He left England , so he said ,

“ ” - because he did not like the Lord Bishops . The king and bishops of England wished to be obeyed in all church matters : a great num ber of Englishmen found that they could n ot obey the king and bishops ; and many of them

came , as Mr . Blackstone did , to America .

u t n We cannot ﬁnd o just whe Mr. Black stone crossed the ocean : it may have been in

1 6 2 . 1 6 2 o r 1 6 2 6 3 In 5 he had already arrived ,

to i of had with leave cla m ﬁfty acres land , and I OO WILLIAM B LACKSTONE . chosen for his own a part of this hilly penin sula which the Indians called Shawmut . Boston children know the hill o n which the

State House stands . It is a simple , round topped hill now ; but then it had three peaks ,

o n e on e where the State House is , near

o ne Pemberton Square , and upon the west , V along M t . ernon Street . f M r . Blackstone made the sunny slope o the

- western peak his dwelling place . H is house , and a spring from which he drew clear cold water , were , it is thought , somewhere within the space enclosed by Beacon Street , Spruce

Street , Pinckney Street , and the water . A point not far from his cottage came to be ’ called Blackstone s Point : we think it was the o n e which once jutted o u t into the river at the foot of Pinckney Street .

Having built his house , M r. Blackstone dug and planted a garden . He set out an apple orchard too , the ﬁrst ever started here .

f S No wife , no child , no riend , hared his home .

n o In all Shawmut there was other house .

I 0 2 B WILLIAM LACKSTONE .

m long , silent winters his books ust have seemed to him like real frie n ds . At the end o f the three o r fou r years a few h w other white men from Salem , whic had gro n f i ’ up meanwhile , ound their way to the r ver s

h u northern edge , and settled t ere , b ilding sev

of eral houses , one which was quite large ,

“ and was called the Great House . Charles to wn was the name gi ven to this little settle ment : Charles the First was King of England

o u r at that time , and the town and river were both named for him . About a year after the building o f the Great

o f to House , a larger company men came

Charlestown . Their leader was John Win thro of p , who had been made governor the l whole Massachusetts co ony , Salem , Charles w to n , Shawmut , and all .

Mr . Blackstone soon learned that Governor

’

Winthrop s company were in much distress .

of Many them had fallen ill ; some had died . One cause o f their trouble was that they had not been able to ﬁnd good water in Charles WILLIAM B LACKSTONE . 1 0 3

of town . The only spring they knew could

not be reached except at low tide . and its water was brackish , unﬁt to drink .

n o t Living alone had made Mr . Blackstone w a bad neighbor. H e kne that in Shawmut water was plenty , and that the settlers would thrive far better there than in Charlestown .

o f H e went to Governor Winthrop , told him a certain “ very excellent spring ” in the eastern

of part Shawmut , and urged him to leave

Charlestown and settle in Shawmut instead .

n Governor Winthrop did leave Charlestow , and did settle in Shawmut . The once quiet place became alive with hurrying workers .

w t o u t Houses ere built , s reets were laid , a town s prang up upo n the shore . The town was named Boston . It was o n e of the rules of the colony that only members of the C hurch could be allo wed f to vote o r take part in public a fairs . A man who did not belong to the church was not “ ” f counted a free m an o the colony .

N o w , William Blackstone did not wish to I 0 4 WILLIAM B LACKSTONE .

did belong to the church . H e not like the church ways of the Boston men any better than he had liked the church ways of the Eng lish bishops .

om h Since he would not j the churc , he soon felt ill at ease as a member of the town .

The rigid rules of the n ew- comers fretted him ; their active life destroyed the comfort f h o his home . Wit tastes and wishes unlike

of of those his near neighbors , he was out

—a place among them , stranger , though on

own n his soil . H e must have felt , the , a lone lin es s which had not come to him while living apart from other men . He decided that he must go away .

of n He sold to the town most his la d , all of it except the Six acres o n which were his d house , his garden , and his orchar . This six

lo t for acre he kept some time longer, though he never lived upon it again . Part of the land bought from him was used

- ﬁ eld and by the townsfolk as a training , as a common where all might pasture their cows

I 0 6 WILLIAM B LACKSTONE .

! him afoot Did he take his books with then , o r send fo r them later ! H ow were they car

o r o ne of few ried , by Indians by the horses brought from England !

Among his books M r . Blackstone had some papers which we think might have ans wered questions like these ; but the papers and books

’ were all burned not long after Mr . Blackstone s h deat , and we shall never know what they may have had to tell of his life in England and in this country . The journey was brought to an end at about forty miles from Boston , beside a narrow river in a lovely fertile valley .

On the eastern bank of the river M r . Black stone found a meado w which rose in three stretches , like three long , wide steps , each higher than the last . O n the ﬁrst of these h e

n built a house ; o the second he dug a well . A new garden grew here under his care ; so

- did a new apple orchard . The place came to

n be k own as R—ehoboth , and the river was named for him , the Blackstone . That part

1 0 8 L B T WI LIAM LACKS ONE .

tasted apples before . His orchard was a

n old of f o e . amous An account , speaking his

“ : apples , says H e had the ﬁrst of the sort called yellow sweetings that were ever

in the world .

More than once , while living at Rehoboth

V old Mr. Blackstone isited his home in Boston . l f m Boston grew rapid y ro year to year. The

Six - l acre lot was so d , and several houses were f built upon it . I n one o these houses lived a

Mistress Anne Pollard . She has said that M r .

Blackstone sometimes stopped at her house .

w - f After living t enty our years at Rehoboth , w Mr. Blackstone married a Boston oman , a h Mrs . M art a Stevenson , and took her back to

- Rehoboth with him . Their wedding day fell

o f . upon a Fourth J uly , and Mr Blackstone

made holiday every time the day came round .

He could not guess that by- and - by a whole new nation would be greeting the Fourth of

n J uly as its I ndepe dence Day .

. w f As Mr Blackstone gre older , he ound the walk from Rehoboth to Provide n ce rathe r L WIL IAM B L ACKSTONE . 1 0 9

: long . He had no horse what should he do ! Among his cattle was a young b u ll ; this he

trained to obey him . When it had become strong enough , he taught it to carry him upon i ts . was ! o n back Here a steed After that ,

Sunday mornings , M r . Blackstone walked to

Providence no more . With his sermons or his o r w apples , ith both , he mounted his bull , f l if and was taken sa e y , not swiftly , to town .

o dd It would be an sight now, but it was not so uncommon in those days .

A son was born in Rehoboth , and Mr. Black

S f stone pent the rest of his li e there . About a month after his death a war, called King ’ e Philip s War , broke out betw en the white men an d some of the I n dians ; and a party of

n India s , coming to Rehoboth , set ﬁre to Mr .

’ Blackstone s house and burned o r carried off

v I f n a e erything in it . o ly the books and p pers m ight have been saved ! The stones of the well were to be seen for some years after ; and ﬁfty years ago some

- feeble old apple trees were still there , and still I I O WILLIAM B LACKSTONE .

bearing fruit . They were thought to have f ’ o . grown from shoots Mr . Blackstone s trees

n ow The place is greatly changed . Rail

road - tracks and telegraph wires pass through Study Hill ; and if we should go to the spot

- to day , we should see , near where Mr. Black

’ stone s house once stood , the Lonsdale railway station .

T H E N E W Y O R K PUBLIC LI BRARY

A L E N O X STOR ,

‘ 1 T s TI L DE Pi u N U A IC S .

I 1 6 JO HN WINT HROP .

s a. h r m an was h n eas , in Americ T ei chief J o

Winthrop ; he was to be thei r governo r .

r the The ship lay nea Cowes , waiting for

r. D a She wind to vee y after day rocked there , while gusts s wept down upo n her from the

o r in n west southwest , and ra fell upo her

. n ot o deck Stormy March would let her g . Some of the people o n board of her came

f of rom the English town Boston , among them

I the M r . saac Johnson and his wife , lady

A r ella b .

’ h e s dau and Lady Ar ella was an arl ghter,

o n ff h She e who had never su ered hards ip . d o m foun herself now , not in a ﬁne , r o y steamer

e t t lik ha in which we should cross the Atlantic , but crowded into close quarters o n a little

n . pitchi g vessel , with poor food and stiﬂing air She must have grown very tired of the shi p

u t l even before it put o to sea . We are g ad ’ to read in Governor Winthrop s journal , begun

“ at h Cowes , that the lady Ar ella and the gen

l w m n h n e s te o e and M r. J o son and som other f ” went o n shore to re resh themselves . T H E N E W Y O R K PUB LIC LIB RARY

N ASTOR, L E OX AND I L DE N FOU NDA I NS T T O . W TH P J OHN IN RO .

I 20 JOHN WINTHROP .

h h . N s e being E and . , and fair weat er,

weighed anchor and set sail .

“ The captain of the A rb ella had been told at Yarmouth that s ome Spanish vessels were lying in wait fo r his ﬂeet . England and Spain were at war then , and English vessels were very likely to meet with trouble from Span iards upon the sea . On the morning of their second day fro m Yarmouth eight vessels were S een astern of them . The captain feared that they might be “ h enemies . To put the Ar ella in ﬁghting

“ - order he caused the gun room and gun - deck

to to be cleared , all the hammocks be taken

- down , the guns to be loaded , and powder chests and ﬁreworks to be made ready . ” o n After noon , the journal goes to say , we still saw those eight Ships to stand towards

us . Having more wind than we , they came up apace whereupon we all prepared to w ﬁght with them , and took do n some cabins

of which were in the way our ordnance , and ou t of every S hip were thro wn such bed matters 1 2 1 JOHN WINTHROP . as e s wer ubject to take ﬁre , and dre w forth o u r men and armed them with muskets and r other weapons and instruments for ﬁ eworks , and for an experiment o u r captain Shot a ball

w o f of wildﬁre fastened to an arro , out a cross bow, which burnt in the water a good time . The lady A rb ella and the other women and children were removed into the lower deck that they might be o u tof danger . All things being

u thus ﬁtted , we went to prayer upon the pper

ho w deck . I t was much to see cheerful and comfortable all the company appeared ; n o t a woman or child that Shewed fear .

“ u of It was now abo t one the clock , and the ﬂeet seemed to be within a league of us ; there

o u r fore captain , because he would shew he

of m was not afraid them , and that he ight

S see the issue before night hould overtake us ,

w n tacked about and stood to meet them , and he we came near we perceived them to be our

. w S friends So when we dre near , every hip (as they met) saluted each other an d the m u s keteers discharged their small shot ; an d so I 2 2 JOHN WINTHROP .

be o u r was God praised , fear and danger turned into mirth and friendly entertainmen t .

“ two Our danger being thus over, we espied boats on ﬁshing in the channel ; so every of

s o u t S f our four hips manned a ki f , and we bought of them great s tore of excellent fresh ” ﬁsh of divers sorts .

of S of Th e children the hip , and a number

too fo r the grown people , were seasick a time . They lay in the close cabin in a very unhappy state . One day , when they had begun to feel

to better , Governor Winthrop sent for them

o n come deck . They dragged themselves up , though some of them were hardly able to crawl . A rope was then stretched along the

of deck , and they were made to stand , some on e S o f ide , and some the other, and sway it up and down till they were warm , and by this

an means they Soon grew well d merry .

Upon the next rough day some were sick , as

“ before ; but Governor Winthrop wrote : Such as came up upon the deck , and stirred them selves , were presently well again . Therefore

I 24 JOHN WINTHROP .

m The journey had been ost wearisome . Storm after s torm had beaten upon the vessel ;

w S the people , cramped in narro pace , had suf

of of fered for want exercise . Their diet salted

an t meats had caused illness among hem . They longed for the wide green reaches of the solid earth .

fo r Win Rejoice with them , here Governor throp could wr ite : We had n ow fair sunshi n e

s o w m weather, and pleasant a s eet air as did uch

h off refres us , and there came a smell the shore like the smell of a garden . There came a wild

o u r pigeon into ship , and another small land ” bird . “ Four days after that the A rbella came to anchor in Salem H arbor .

- Salem was a half starved little settlement , f held to its high courage by a ew brave men . Its people looked eagerly for the coming of the

o wn ships , and , though food for their daily needs was far from plentiful , they had tasked their larders to the uttermost to provide good cheer for the ir guests . A supper was prepared

1 28 JOHN WINT HROP .

S M n ot ALE , where wee landed , pleased us ,

r t . u w o e Mr D dley to the Countess of Lincoln ,

- n - A rbella sister i law of the Lady . Si nce th ey did not care to remain in Salem Go ver nor Winthrop and o thers set about ﬁ n d ing a better site fo r the to wn they wished to

“ u We w Mat b ild . The j ournal says , ent to tac h u s etts to ﬁnd o u t a place fo r our S itting ” do wn .

Ma ta h Ma a h l t Mes s ats o c t c u s etts , s c u e s , ose ,

I Mass ac hu s e tts the w was S , ord pelled in l many ways , meant then only the and near

r Boston Ha bor. Salem and Plymouth were quite outside of the Massachusetts of those days .

1 Mess ats o os ec o r M ass ac u s e s is ou was th e I nd an h tt , it th ght , i n am e v W a gi e n to a hill o c k o n the s h ore of Q u i nc y B ay. e kn o w th t was a s o en to the and n ea the m ou of C a es e it l giv hilly l r th h rl Riv r, an d to Par of the I n di an t rib e dwelli ng in thi s p art of the c o u n try . t u n c was n o n as th e M as s ac u s e s e ds an d B u e H on c e Q i y k w h tt Fi l , l ill was c a e d M as s u s s M ll ac h ett o u nt . I 2 JOHN WINTHROP . 9

G overnor Winthrop visited Charlestown and ’ 1 Six Noddle s Island , and went miles up the Mys m tic River . He also found his way to the s all settlement at Nantasket. Returning , he advised the company to remove to Charlestown . Trouble was beginning to press heavily upon m . S the The ick did not revive , grumblers

- made bitter complaints , the weak hearted would gladly have gone back to England . Governor

’ Winthrop s hOpe and cheer did not forsake m him , though these mur urings came to his ears at a time when he had his special grief to bea r This special grief was the death of his son

Henry . Henry Winthrop arrived in Salem soon f ’ a ter his father s return from Massachusetts .

On the very day of landing he started , with two

’ o r o f the f d three ship s o ﬁcers , to see some In ian

“ . o n wigwams not far away They saw, the

S of v . other ide the ri er , a small canoe He would have had o n e of the company swi m over and

t. fetch it , rather than walk several miles on foo

1 Eas t B os ton . I 30 JOHN WINTHROP .

n hot r bu t no e of th e it bei g very weathe , n party could swim but himself ; and s o he

o e plunged in , and , as he was swimming v r, was

fe w ro s taken with the cramp a roods f m hore , ” and drowned . ” My son Henry ! my s on Henry ! wrote

“ Governor Winthrop to his wife . Ah , poor child ! Yet it grieves me much m ore fo r my 1 r for dear daughte . Yet all these things

I G od I n ot d ( praise my ) am iscouraged .

He was n ot discouraged . There was dis c ou ragem en t enough among his p eople . They looked to him for strength . H e laid his bur den n aside , that he might help them in beari g theirs .

The company left Salem for Charlestown , but their suffering did not c ease . Charlestown had not shelter fo r so m any homeless folk . Governor Winthrop and others

“ ” of the foremost men used the Great House , which had been put up the year before ; an d

“ s et and the multitude up cottages , tents

1 ’ Hen s f i n ry wi e n E gland .

I 2 3 JOHN WINTHROP . and before long “ left that wilderness for the

” 1 “ heavenly paradise . She took New England in her way to heaven .

Looking south across the river, Governor ‘Winthrop and his people could see a three peaked hill rising from a peninsula upon the further shore . The Indian name for the peninsula was

Shawmut, but the Charlestown folk called it

- Tri mountain , for its triple hill .

- had Tri mountain upon it one small cottage , W in which lived Mr . illiam Blackstone , a man who seemed to care fo r books and solitude more than for anything else in the world . H e owned

o n e - about ﬁfteenth of Tri mountain , or Shawmut , and had there a garden , a spring , and an orchard . H is spring was not the only o n e u pon the place ; Tri - mountain abounded in springs ; one of the best was upon the eastern shore . ” Mr. Blackstone , say the Charlestown Rec “ l ords , dwelling on the other side Char es River, l a one , at a place by the Indians called Shaw

1 o C tto n M ath er . I JOHN WINTHROP . 33

n ot mut, where he only had a cottage , at or far

’ o ff the place called Blackstone s Point , he came and acquaint the governor of an excellent

S pring there , withal inviting and soliciting ” him thither .

r of Governo Winthrop thought well Mr .

’ Black s tone s invitation ; he decided to take up “ ” his abode near the Great Spring , which was

r - fﬁc n Where o u post O e ow stands .

o n e Through the summer, some at time

t of some at ano her, most the company crossed to Tri - mountain and settled themselves in their

O n of ﬁrSt new homes . e the boats touching at the Sha n t side of the river carried a

“ n lively young woman amed Anne , who , being

h b u t at t at time a romping girl , sprang from the boat declaring that she would be the first to land . She was not only first among her companions in stepping ashore , but first among all white women in treading Boston soil ; no woman of her race had set foot here before .

’ Anne Pollard s life was a very long one ; she lived to be o n e hundred and ﬁve years old. I 34 JOHN WINTHROP .

Her account of certain matters which no on e else was old enough o r C lear- headed enough f to remember is o service still . She has said that our hills were covered with blueberry and other bushes , and that the whole place was very uneven , abounding in swamps and hollows . Governor Winthrop did not leave Charles town until the middle o r latter part of the au tu m n of ; then his house , the frame which was already begun , was carried across the river . ‘ C h u rc h o n N ashin ton t The Old South , g Stree stands upon what was once Governor Win

’ ’

r . th o p s garden Mr . Isaac Johnson s land

’ n o w was where King s Chapel is . Mr. John son did not live to build upon his land : he died in Charlestown , and the lot became his

- burial place ; it is the oldest burial - ground in

Boston .

“ About two in the morning Mr . Isaac John

h l of the son died ; his wife , the lady Ar e la , h house of Lincoln , being dead about one mont

f . was be ore H e a holy man and wise , and died

ND O R ‘ E MO X A ST , 0 A ﬁ I JOHN WINTHROP . 37

o f in sweet peace , leaving some part his sub ” stance to the colony . The Charlestown Records go o n to tell us

“ ' that After the death of Mr . Johnson an d

h . divers ot ers , the Governor , with Mr Wilson , and the greater part of the C hurch removed thither : whither also the frame o f the Gover nor ’ s house in preparation at this time was carried ; when people began to build their houses against winter ; and this place was called Boston . I 8 3 JOHN WINTHROP .

G W H OVERNOR INT ROP , when settled in his

“ : f Boston home , wrote M y dear wi e , we are

u here in a paradise . Tho gh we have not beef

&c . and mutton , , yet (God be praised) we want ” f r them not ; our Indian corn answers o all .

Their Indian corn , alas , soon became scarce ; in place of meal the women learned to m ake a

n the poor kind of ﬂour from acor s , and chil dren were glad to dig C lams and mussels to eke o u t their scanty dinners .

“ ” The Ship Lyon had long ago been sent to England for fresh supplies ; but week after m f m week , onth a ter onth went by , and still

S he did not return .

Winter soon closed in upon them ; winter,

ﬁ e rc er , drearier than our winters usually are , colder far than any they had kno wn in England .

- Snow covered the ground nuts and acorns , ice held fast the clams ; the corn was nearly gone . ” People were very much tired and discouraged ,

1 40 JOHN WINTHROP .

f u n Ships . Plymouth had had a amo s o e ten

f r - in years before , in November , a ter the gathe ing of her ﬁrst harvest ; and this Plymouth Thanks giving Day we celebrate yearly . In the spring the settlers planted many an

f r o . acre pease , beans , and co n No other win ter Should ﬁnd them waiting for Ships to bring them food . The c o rn ﬁelds o n the slope of the southernmost hill gave the hill a S hort- lived

- name , the Corn hill , people called it . A

of an d fort soon took the place the corn , the hill became Fort Hill instead . The fort has gone , the hill has been cut away ; and where they once were we have only Fort Square . The country at the south of Boston was

R oc k sb u r ! given the name y, for its pudding stone ledges . Wolves prowled there , and In

o u t dians were not far away . To keep wolves and Indians the Boston folk built a wall o n the narrow neck between their town and R ox bury ; and an ofﬁcer and six m en lived by the

r wall as a co n stant guard . I t was quite nea the place where Dover Street is now . 1 1 JOHN WINTHROP . 4

’ A s entry was posted on the T ream ou n ts highest peak ; later, a beacon was raised there , —a tall , stout mast with an arm atop , and a

' of o f great kettle tar at the end the arm . n h This hill had two ames , Sentry Hill in t e ’ sentry s time , and Beacon Hill since . f The I ndians , a ter all , gave the town no trouble ; they were al ways friendly to Governor

Winthrop . Many of the I ndian s who had lived near the coast had been killed by a great plague which had swept through their country some years before ; those who were spared by the plague had been weakened by wars . The Massa c hu setts tribe , once large and powerful , was

m ade ‘ u of now p a very few families , led by a

- a- - - a- ﬁ re chief called Chick tau bot, H ouse , who was himself ruled by a greater chief named

Massasoit .

“ C hic katau b ot had seen the white birds o f the pal e - faces come ﬂying across the wat er

of to his shore , had watched the building the w ’ hite men s wigwams , had touched the soft, 1 42 JOHN WINTHROP

of s d warm garments the trangers , and listene to the thunder which they carried in their hands . He wished to make them his allies .

Leaving his home in Neponset , he went , with

o f a ban d his people , both men and women , to

’ Governor Winthrop s house in Boston , and

r there , with his politest wo ds and gestures , — ’ ff f a of . o ered a gi t , hogshead corn Read the journal : C hic katab ot came with his sannops

S w o vern ou r and qua s , and presented the g with a hogshead of Indian corn .

The Governor took the corn , thanked Chick atau b ot , and invited him and all who were with

him Sit . to and eat They did so , and then

of began to think going home . By this time

s great cloud had rolled over the sky , and a

- thunder storm had begun . Governor Winthrop asked his guests to remain ; but C hic katau b o t knew tha this people could not long be pleasant

of an d inmates an English house , wisely sent

off them in the midst of the storm , though he himself and o n e brave and a squaw did stay

“ x all night . The ne t day after dinner he re

I 44 JOHN WINTHROP .

’ 1 e rn or Winthrop s farm o n the M ystic suffered

“ o ve rn o u r b e from them . One evening , The g ,

- Mis tic k ing at his farm house at , walked out f a ter supper and took a piece in his hand , sup posing he might see a wolf (for they came daily about the house , and killed swine and calves ,

off and , being about half a mile , it grew suddenly dark , so as in coming home , he mis took his path , and went till he came to a little 2 o f house Sagamore J ohn , which stood empty .

of m There he stayed , and having a piece atch in his pocket (fo r he always carried about him m atch and a compass , and in summer time snake W eed) he made a good ﬁre near the house , and

old lay down upon some mats , which he found

S m there , and so pent the night , someti es walk

S ing by the ﬁre , sometimes inging psalms , and sometimes getting wood , but could not sleep .

’ I t was (through God s mercy) a warm night ;

1 “ C all ed T en H ill s Farm b ec au s e ten hill s c ou ld b e c o unted

a ou n . I a r d it t w s n early opp os ite th e e n tranc e to M al den River . 2 a S gam ore Jo h n was an I n di an . I ndi ans often had s everal l o dges in d fferen a s of th e fo es an d s e in the nea es w en o u t i t p rt r t, l pt r t h u n h ti ng. JOHN WINTHROP . 1 45

but a little before day it began to rain , and , h v Sh a ing no cloak , he made ift by a long pole

n to climb up i to the house . In the morning , there came thither an Indian squaw, but per c e ivin f g her be ore she had opened the door, he barred her out ; yet she stayed there a great while essaying to get in , and at last she went

and away , he returned safe home , his servants having been much perplexed for him , and hav ing walked about and shot off pieces and hal e

m . looed in the night , but he heard the not W THRO . 1 46 JOHN IN P

“ T H E ship Lyon came again in the following

November, bringing from England Governor

’ of Winthrop s wife and the rest the family , as well as J ohn Eliot , and many others . Every

: ship brought more people Boston grew . Life in such a n e w country could gi ve the colonists little leisure ; artisans of all kinds

m n were in great demand . Builders , aso s , car

en ters - p , stone cutters , j oiners , cobblers , had more than they could do . Men who were not skilled in any such craft became hewers of wood

of and drawers water , or busied themselves with hunting , ﬁshing , digging , planting, reaping , to

the keep the colony from starving . Upon

s women fell the care of the household , and the

n o f . spinni g . weaving , and fashioning garments

’ fo r Governor Winthrop himself , example s sake and because he wished to bear his sh are of

h o wn s the labor , worked eartily with his hand

s aw whenever he need .

I 48 JOHN WINTHROP .

N o , f time had these earnest olk for triﬂing . A dance was held to be a sinful waste o f hours ;

h . theatres were left behind , it was oped , forever Yet the boys and girls were n o t wholly without

- t w d play ; out door spor s ere in favor , and in oor games by no means despised . Adam Win ’ throp s days were surely far from dull ; his

“ father wrote : The governo u r and some com pany with him went up by Charles River about

' W and n eight miles above atertown , amed the ﬁrst brook o n the north S ide of the river (being a fair stream , and coming from a pond a mile from the river) Beaver Brook , because the beavers had shorn down divers great trees

and there , made divers dams across the brook .

Thence they went to a great rock , upon which

C stood a high stone left in sunder, that four A d men might go through , which they called ’ am s Chair , because the youngest of their com ” pany was Adam Winthrop . And again ,

ove rn ou r . r The g , Mr Nowell , M . Eliot , and

Mis tic k others , went over River at Medford , and going N . and by E . among the rocks JOHN WINTHROP . 1 49

o r m about two three iles , they came to a very

of great pond , having in the midst an island

o n e of about acre , and very thick with trees pine and beech ; and the pond had divers small w rocks , standing up here and there in it , hich w they therefore called Spot Pond . They ent all

u about it pon the ice . From thence (towards

the N . W . about half a mile) they came to the k top of a very high roc , beneath which (towards the N . ) lies a goodly plain , part open land and d part woo y , from whence there is a fair prospect ;

b u t u it being then close and rainy , they co ld see but a small distance . This place thev called

n Cheese Rock , because , whe they went to eat ’ ove rn o u r s somewhat , they had only cheese (the g

man forgetting, for haste , to put up some

V anity of dress was fro wned down . Young m girls might not ﬂaunt gay ribbons , nor ust

r the gowns of their mothers be too rich o ﬁne .

ru . Sober tints , quiet manners , were the le The

Governor went plainly clad .

’ Late hours were forbidden ; at nine o clock o u t N was w went the lights. ine the curfe hour, 1 50 JOHN WINTHROP .

“ the eoz wr e ea time . I n the villages of old

England a bell tolled the day to rest . Here in N e w England no bell had been heard as yet

r to a drum sounded the cu few here , and beat

o n . church Sundays Nightly , when its roll was

heard , embers were raked together and covered

with ashes , that they might live to kindle the

’ w - morro s ﬂame . Flint and tinder box were at

S hand , to be used in case the coals hould die ;

but with proper care the coals did not die , and a glow was ready each morning to wa rm the stiffened fingers that searched for its welcome f f heat . Our way o flashing fire rom a phos

phoru s - tipped wand would have seemed like

’ m agic to Governor Winthrop s boys . A watch walked the streets throughout the ’ S I night , shouting the hour with an All well

Lamps for the street or light - houses for the

S hore there were none . Darkness settled over

land and sea when the sun was gone .

w Wood was al ays a great lack in Boston . 1 6 In 37 Governor Wi nthrop wrote to his son ,

I 2 5 JOHN WINTHROP .

would have you supply yourself at m y wood - pile

’ till this cold season be over . And then he mer

‘ rily asked his friends Whether he had n o te ffec tu ally cured this man of stealing his

Years came and went . Boston prospered . Twelve ti m es was J ohn Winthrop C hosen gov

e rn o r of th e . 1 6 colony I n 49 he died . The good he did lives still .

’ Listen again to M ather s praise of him

overn o u r o wn Yea , the g sometimes made his pr ivate p u r s e to be the publick n ot by S tic king ”

s u eez in of . into it , but by q g out it T was his custom also to S end so m e of his fam ily upon

errands unto the houses of the poor , about

h m eat tim e o n h t eir , purpose to spy whet er they m arried ; and if it were found that they

tﬁat wanted , he would make the opportunity of

sending supplies unto them .

ter r or of de He was The the wicked , and the

t ﬁt of en v ig the sober , the y of the many , but the koﬁ e of those who had any hopeful design in

fo r of hand the common good the nation .

1 C o on M a er Ma nalia. tt th , g

I 6 5 NOTES . are c all ed Pu ritans who wou ld have the c hu rc h thorou ghly efo m ed ha is u ed f om all hose n en ons h c h r r ; t t , p rg r t i v ti w i have b een brou ght in to it sinc e the age of the A p ostles ; and edu c ed en e to the c u e u r t Tak en f m r tir ly S ript r p iy . [ ro

n o es in ou n . 1 t Y g , p 3 ] ’ B radf r in ou n s C h r onicles o the Pil r im s o d . 2 , Y g f g , p 44 , ’ s ea s o f a c hu c h fo m ed in E z a e h s e n and on e p k r r li b t r ig , ’ ’ ef u a m R ead a so H u n e b ore that in Q een M ry s ti e . l t r s ’ ou nder l m u h and E ead Wh did the F s o N ew P o t . . s f y , D M y l f r m a h r e o N e E n and 2 in V ol X L I . o Pilg i F t e s c om t w g .

h /Ve n ander w E l . t e L g E 6 PAG S 5, .

’ F or Charles s rei n 1 6 2 —1 6 and the civil war see g ( 5 49) ,

’ '

V ol . . o k V G een s fﬁ s tor o the E n lis h Peo le o I I . r y f g p , III , B

E TT N T H E POK AN OK E T AN D MASSAC HU S S I D IAN S .

PAG E 7.

C o u m bu s d sc o e n San Sa ado in 1 2 thou h he l , i v ri g lv r 49 , g t had a oac hed the eas e n Sho e of nd a an d he efo e ppr t r r I i , t r r h nd an Thou h he af e a d ou c hed c alled t e natives I i s . g t rw r t the sho es o f o h A m e c as he n e e n e ha he had r b t ri , v r k w t t h of eac ed two ea n e c n R ead C ha . . r gr t w o tinen ts . [ p V ’ ’ H igginson s You ng F olhs [ J is tory of the U nited Sta tes . ]

I have seen half a hundred of their wigwam s .

’ [Josselyn s Voyages ]

E 8 PAG .

' ﬁ hs or ollec tions o the Their hou ses etc . t ic al C , [ f

I ndia ns in N ew E n land G ook n . g , i , p NOTES . 1 57

E 1 2 PAG .

n a ks of c oa se ass B e ts . St l r gr .

PAGE 1 3.

k he . Wil . W lk h ar ts . T a es or S e ds T ge rg i l .

E PAG 1 4.

’ The m anner of their action ood , [W s ’ os e Pa ha a d s r c t . E n l n P C . g p , rt II , p

E 1 PAG 5.

’ n ri s R ead a e s I ndia t be . [ Dr k Pooh of the I ndians ’ G ookin s H is toric al C ollec tions of the I ndians in N ew E ng ’ d Pa f e s [ J is tor o N ew E n l and V lan ol . I ha . C . I I I . ; l r y y f g , , p ’ I I f H nson s [ f is tor I . o and C hap . iggi y ] f assa hu setts B a L e i The I ndians o M c y. ittl s known Of the early history of the Indians livin g in the neighborhood of “ ” th H u h n s n a e ea b a of the assac hu se s . c o s s gr t y M tt t i y ,

l i s tor o M as s ac u s e ts a V o . . 0 f h s H i h t B I . 6 o , p 4 , y f y, that the M assac hu setts sac hem had his seat u p on a sm all hill in the m idst of a body of salt m arsh in the towns hip o f

o c hes e n ea S uan u m . D r t r, r q t N onantum was the old nam e of N ewton ; Punkapoag of ou h n St g to . E 1 PAG 6 .

T k n k Pokanoke was a ene a nam e for the he Po a o ets . t g r l n o he n Sho e of N a a anse B a nc u d n S ansea and rt r r rr g tt y, i l i g w Bristol an d the nam e extended itself to the I ndians of that

re on an d c an s C ose a ed to hem . gi , l l ly lli t i m a S am s n a en M as i had a t ow ow R . ass o t a W w I . g , W rr , , N OTES I 58 .

’ a an her at ou n H o e ee F essenden and prob bly ot M t p . [S s ’ H is tor o Wa r ren R I u shed h T u s n s H is to r ic al y f , , p bli wit ti ' ’ D is c ou rse A so a s s A ncien t L andm ar hs o Pl m ou th . l D vi f y ,

P 37- 1 ’ F or m ention of the Pokanok et C hieftains see oun s , Y g ' ’ C h ron icles of the B lgrim s . C orbitant lived at G ardner s N ec k .

R ead Ad en tu res and D is co er es o a tai Sm ith . [ v v i f C p n

oh n S m ith ed ed b ohn A sh on and u shed b j , it y J t p bli y

C assell C o . ]

E 1 1 8. PAG S 7,

’

n ee Pa f e s H is or o e n . Hu t. S t N w E land I . [ l r y y f g , , 94 ’ m h e c r to a d A so S s D s i i n o N ew E n l n 6 66 an d V ol . l it p f g , 5,

. 1 6 of his ener al! [ f is tor ie o r in a I L oo . G Vi i , B k VI , p 7 f g ,

l E n land a n d u m er Vew the S m [ les . . g , ]

i a a a Mal go. M l g . ” “ i h a A a wa a Ria s of e t ri l f o m o a . s o d l g ( , r r y l) ri l g l c n f m c u en in E n and A a of e h was o h oi or erly rr t gl . ri l ig t w rt n eight shillings sterli g . a r d Som e au ho s s eak o f S u anto See B r d o . q . [ f , p t r p ’ a H u n wa Waym ou th as Squ an to s kidn pp er . t s probably the ’ h o the I n dians o ha . m an a e Po oo . C . See s [ Dr k f , B k II , p ’ ’ in Pu c has s Pil r im s V ol a so D erm er s e e . . II . l l tt r r g , IV ,

E 1 778- 1 Mr J ohn Slainie was n e es ed in a an aton in N ew . i t r t pl t i u h he e m fou n dlan d and o a sen S an o . e kne , pr b bly t q t t it r D r r w ha S u an o who was h C a a n ason m h b e u sefu t t q t , wit pt i M , ig t l in m aking p eac e with the C ap e C od or Pokanoke t I ndians Whom H u n had on ed and for ha eason a an ed to t wr g , t t r rr g kee him f . e o e e o n the c oas e m e had to o p B r xpl ri g t, D r r g

1 6 0 NOTES .

R M TH E F HT F R M THE I G I . . IG O E N N P L S I L GLA D .

E 20 2 1 PAG S ,

The m anor hou se of Scroob u o na as a y, b ilt rigi lly hu n n - sea for the a c h sho s of o k hou h in e ti g t r bi p Y r , t g Br w ’ ’ ster s m e m u c h dec a ed had een oc c u ed for m an ti y , b pi y ” ’ hi fa he as a ff for the a c h h years by s t r b ili r bis op . [Win sor s N ar r ative an d C r itic al [ J is tor o A m er ic a 2 y f , “ ” The c u t S e of the ano H ou se ak en b e m is , it M r , t , y p r s on f o m the a o e e esen s the sc en e as was h i , r b v , r pr t it t irty “ The m ano hou e ha n nc e a a ea s a o . s s o s ssed a y r g r l g i p w y.

i M ass s oc Pr oc X Mr ean e n . [ f i t S . . L [ . D , , , “ The s c am o es hem se es one o f h c h is Sho n in y r t lv , w i w the V e are su osed to m a the S e of the m a n i w , pp rk it i ”

w de ed an d on e . en i u d n n o s o H . e e n b il i g , tr y g [ ry M D xt r,

f Sahhath atH om e . V ol . . o I , p n a ou 1 H e had a ned William B rewster was bor b t 564. obt i a oo d edu c a on and s e ed ha e ou s an d od en g ti , rv t t r ligi g ly g tlem an a son du n ea s hen he was Sec e a , Mr . D vi , ri g y r w r t ry

f a e u n . a son was a Pu an 6 . o S . o t t [Y g , 4 Mr D vi rit A f e ea n a son e s e he d the ofﬁ c e o f os t r l vi g Mr . D vi , Br w t r l p t a c H is nam e is fou n d in the os m as e m aster t S rooby. p t t r ’ en e a s ac c ou n : am e s e Pos of Sc oo for g r l t Willi Br w t r, t r by, hi a e a 2s r d em f r 1 8 da s ended the as s s t . e o w g p i , 3 y , l t ” f 0 F ou n ders o N e l m ou th o e t 1 1 . s Yhe S 6 8 6 . w P p , 7, £ [ f y , H u n e . t r, p

i i m B radf r h 1 — W a o d . a c 1 8 0 d . Ma 1 6 . ll , b M r 9, 5 9 9 y 9, 57 ’ ’ ee ha es eane s efac e to adfo d s H is tor o [S Mr . C rl D pr Br r y f Pl m V l I I I . ou h ou h Pla tation as H s . o . o . t n s . C y , M i t ll , , F rt ’ h H u n ou nders o N e A so R ev . ose e s F w Series . l J p t r f Ply m ou th ] NOTES . 1 6 1

’ adf d s a ents d ed hen he was e H e Br or p r i w v ry you ng . was a de c a e s u d ou s b o o n o e his ooks of ene li t , t i y, p ri g v r b t r

han o n n ou t- doo s o s and hou h fu e ond his t j i i g r p rt , t g t l b y

H is u nc e e e e - to - d fa m ea s . s o e s and e e am on y r l w r w ll r r , w r g

h f A u terﬁ ld Au t rﬁeld i the c i ef fam ilies o s e . s e s desc ribed by

V l . 1 as at a . ham P f e o I . esen a e Of e ha s l r y, , p 34, pr t l t p r p h c hou es oo fed h A t ea w m s es . s t o of he t irty bri k , r wit til l t t ’ ” ook as if he had een s and n in adfo d l t y b t i g Br r s tim e.

E 2 2 2 PAG S 3, 4, 5.

I an Puritanism in E n l n V l m d a d. See Pa f e o . J a es . g [ l r y, I ha . C . . , p III ] “ n c adfo Som e were tak e et . d , [Br r ] Fli ht to Holland 1 60 —8 H un e U nde c o o g , 7 [ t r, r l r Of a royal proc lam ation whic h had been obtain ed by B an ’ c of fo dd n the n s su ec s to ans o hem se es r t, rbi i g ki g bj t tr p rt t lv to n a hou his s ec a c en se or u nde som e o he Virgi i wit t p i l li , r t r e enc e the em a ka on o f the Sc oo eo e was pr t , b r ti r by p pl f he I . he ac c ou n o t o s u c ed Pa f e V ol . T b tr t [ l r y, , t a e d tt m pts is taken from Bradfor .

T HE V E T A E . G I II OYA O M R C A .

E 2 6 PAG .

’ Pl m ou t Plan a on n a s See adfo d s [ iis tor o h t ti i s . Br r y f y , M

H . ll V l u h e es . s C O . o . . o S i t , III , F rt ri “ 8 After som e 1 1 or 1 2 years (whic h is y m ore ob serv e l able b eing y whol e tim e of y fam ou s tru c e b etween that State and the Span iards ) they b egan to in c line to this

c onc u s on of rem oovall to som e o her ac e . The l i , t pl y 1 6 2 N OTES . saw that Within a few years m ore they wou ld be in dan

er to sc a e or s nk u n de he u den s or o h g tt r, i r t ir b r , b t B u t that whic h was of all sorowes m ost heavie to b e o ne was ha m an of he c h d en e e drawne b r , t t y t ir il r w r e away by evill exam ples getting y rain es off their n eks a n f om he a en s Som e ec am e and de t . sou d e s p r i g r t ir p r t b l i r , o he s ook u on hem far via es b sea an d o he som e t r t p t g y t r ,

the 2 o se c ou ses . o m a o e . 2 w r r [Fr b v , pp h e in L e den adfo d ea ned a sc an n b o k W il y , Br r r t livi g y w r ac h an d a o in at the m anu f u e Of s . e s e au s g t r ilk Br w t r t g t , l ’ had som e su c c ess as a n e . See ou n s C hronieles pri t r [ Y g , ’ ’ and D exter s M ou r ts R elation ]

E 2 PAG 7.

’ f l n n am s s nni n f e Grant o a d a d J e c o va ce . See Pa [ l r y, u hm an a e and e e h d a an e I . C s C s e e , , rv r, Br w t r lp rr g m a e s in E n and tt r gl . w E d rd insl 1 d . 1 6 a a n m an f wa W ow b . s e e O , 594, 55, g tl n h m u h an H e wa the b est fam ily of a y of t e Ply o t pl ters . s n otone of the origin al band Of Pilgri m s who esc ap ed to H ol an d in 1 6 0 8 bu t e n on his a e s fe in h hem l , , b i g tr v l , ll wit t ’ at L e den in H u c h nson u o ed in oun s y , [ t i , q t Y g

C hr onicles o t/ze Pil rim s . f g , p William B rewster the e de of the c hu c h was to ac t as , l r r , i m as o n A e c a. The P m ho ed ha R o nson p t r ri ilgri s p t t Mr . bi w u d n h m u R n n d ed in H o and and o o e b t . o so l j i t , Mr bi i ll , h e s e eac ed in P m u h f r a u m f ea s . Mr . Br w t r pr ly o t o n b er O y r ’ e s e s sons L o e an d es n sa ed h him in the Br w t r , v Wr tli g, il wit a o e his dau h e s Pa en c e and ea c am e a er M yﬂ w r ; g t r , ti F r, l t h he r m other wit t i .

1 6 4 NOTES .

And again

o u h e was rou h e was n d She n e ho w du r n the Th gh gh , ki ly ; k w i g wi nte r ’ H e h ad a en ded th e S c a an d as en e as o m an s tt i k , with h g tl w ; Som e a as an d h o t he c o u d n otden an d e ads ro n wh t h ty , l y it, h t g, S ern as a s o d er m b e b u t ear an d ac a e a wa s t , l i ight , h ty , pl bl l y , N ot to he au e d at an d s c orn e d b e c au se he was e o f s a ure l gh , littl t t ; ”

F or h e was rea of ear m a nan m o u s c o u r c ou ra e o u s . g t h t, g i , tly, g [ C ou r tsnip of M iles Sta /relish ]

E PAG 2 8.

ith th r hant d n ur r The Pil Agreem ent w e Me c A ve t e s .

m too oo to ou t he e ed on hem e gri s were p r ﬁt t ir xp iti t s lves . Thom as es on and o he s kn o n as the c han . e Mr W t t r , w M r t ” A d en u e s fu n shed m one for the u nde ak n and v t r r , r i y rt i g ; All the a n of the c n wa t u p on hard term s . g i olo y s o b e kept stric t ac c ou nt of du ring seven years at the end of that ti m e it was to b e divided am ong the c olon i sts an d the adven tu rers eac h m an ec e n m o e or ess ac c o d n to the ; r ivi g r l , r i g m n r a o e en ded him An ad en u am ou nt o f o ey o l b r xp by . v t rer lending ten p ou n ds wo uld rec eive as m u c h at the end o f the seven years as a c olonist who had had n o m oney to c on u e b u twho had en all hose ea s of s ead a o trib t , giv t y r t y l b r .

T en ounds was ac c ou n ed a S n e s ha e an d eac h er p t i gl r , p ’ a f a a ed at ha am ou n son s seven ye rs o work w s r t t t t . [ See ’ ’ a n e tL ana a rles o Pl m ou tn Pa s s A ei n m I . . D vi f y , rt , p “ The u c h offe ed to ans o he m f ee and fu n sh D t r tr p rt t r ly, r i ‘ every fam ily with c attle if they wou ld go u n der them to ’ ’ u h H dson s R e an d ec om e c z en s of N ew N e e ands . iv r, b iti t rl ' ns ead of ac c e tin this offe as at o n e m e he e e I t p g r , ti t y w r a m os on the o n o f do n he ﬁna m ade bond l t p i t i g , t y lly 1 6 NOTES . 5 servan ts of them selves to the M erc hant Adventurers for seven years for the sak e of plan ting them selves in N ew ” ’ “ E ad W/z did t e l n n d . . e s h r m at/zers E gla . [ D M y Pi g i F

e o N ew E n land N ew E n lander V l m t o . X c o L I . . g g , , p

r ure fr m Delf sha n Pa f e 1 De a t o t ve . 6 adfo d p [ l r y, 5 ; Br r , 8 You n 5 , 59 3 g) m a e f a T ll A s ess o ou s ons . he Speedwe . ll v l b t ixty t [You ng ] The m aster of the Sp eedwell was afterward hou h to have e a era ed the s a e of the esse in o de t g t x gg t t t v l , r r that he m ight Slip ou t of his c ontrac t an d esc ap e the dan 8 adf d erou s o a e . ou n o g v y g [Y g , 9 Br r ,

PAG E 2 9.

n c n ad The Mayflower was a vessel of n i e s ore to s . [Br fo d 8 T he s of her assen e s 1 0 2 in all m a b e r , 5 ] li t p g r , , y f Those who en ac af e the fou nd in ad o d . Br r , 447 w t b k t r ﬁnal sifting were su c h as were least able to bear hardship dfo d 0 or e e n ot u n n to e u n . a w r willi g r t r [Br r , 7

E 0 PAG 3 . ”

The ott into the c a e harbor N ov. 1 1 y g p ( ,

adfo d The an a e hem e m ss on to se e [Br r , ir gr t g v t p r i i ttl ’ n ear H u dson s R iver ; they had n ot p erm ission to oc c u py e on Plym ou th or any p art of the C ap e C o d r gi .

I SC V E I E S . III . D O R — PAGE S 30 36 . The Mayflower anchored within half a fu rlong o f the en d o f L on Po n two m es f o m the esen a e g i t, il r pr t vill g ” F or the ac c ou n of of Po nc e o n . ou n r vi t w [Y g, t 1 6 6 NOTES .

’ Stand sh s ﬁ st e o n a h c h set out ednesda i r xpl ri g p rty, w i W y, 1 ee un 1 2 —1 The m a f a e d an d N ov . s o . s o C C o 5, Y g, 7 37 p p ’ ’ u e a t n Plym ou th are from D exter s edition of M o r t s R l io . l m act ned N 1 1 efo e the sh The form a c o . S ov . p ig , b r ip

c am e to an c hor. ou n [Y g,

E PAG 37.

A u h - f The sec ond search . bo t t irty ou r m en set off in the The sa ed to Pam e R e and d at nd an sha o . e ll p y il t iv r, l I i N ec k m a c hed se e a m es b the s de of the e or , r v r l il y i riv r, c ee and hen wet as the e e h ou h e ou s ad n r k , t , y w r t r g pr vi w i g , h u h the n ht u nde som e ne ees in the now Slept t ro g ig r pi tr s . ’ The ne m o n n he ent a a n to H o ns s c ff h c h xt r i g t y w g i pki li , w i

he n ow n am ed C o nh and h he c u rtlaxes t y r ill , wit t ir

c u asses and s o ds he ed and c a ed the f oz en sno ( tl ) w r w rv r , wy ou nd he c am e to m o e of the c o n s o ed he e et gr till t y r r t r t r , g u he in ll om e f h a tin g som e ten b s ls a . S o t e party h d already u The fall en ill from exp os re . se were now sen t to the ship b the sha o h c h was to o an d etu n to the e o e s y ll p , w i g r r xpl r r h e a n f r u h h all s eed . o to e n he m a c ed wit p W il w iti g it r t r , t y r n o the oods ﬁn d n a a e an d the b ones of a m an and i t w , i g gr v 8—1 a c h d . ou n 1 6 il [Y g , 3 4 ] ”

The hou ses etc . ou n , [Y g, ho ak e unches S s s . Tr . rt t

THE F IR T E N C O TE R IV . S UN .

E 8 . PAG S 3 , 39

Th lasts arch Th a e e . s e h een in all i p rty, ig t , the sho e of T u o to a d n r r r w r Billi gsgate Po int . som e nd ans on the sho e nea E ham I i r r ast .

1 6 8 NOTES .

’ a a he s M a D oro thy fell overboard and w s drowned . [M t r g

a I L . n lia V ol . L oo , , B k , p Peregrine White was b orn while the Mayﬂower lay n ear ’ n A eien t L an dm arhs o Pl m u th Po c e o n . a s s n o r vi t w [D vi f y , Pa I L rt ,

O TH V . PLYM U . PAG E 45

rl I he n P n c e C ha es a b o of s teen C ha es . n o , w ly ri rl , y ix , ’ ooked o e C a a n Sm h s m a and a e E n sh n am es l v r pt i it p, g v gli

n h n c a n h ee o f to m a y points on t e N ew E gland o st . O ly t r i am h h h s n es have eld their original plac es on our S ore . T he are P m ou h C a e A n n n am ed for his m o he A nne y ly t p , t r, ’ f n m a n d h e ha e See Sm h s ener a/l o D e rk ; a t e R iv r C rl s . it G

l s r n am e en b A i to ie k . for a s of the s oo . 6 , B VI , p 7 , li t giv y ha es C rl . E 6 PAG 4 .

The Christm as rec ord ou n . [Y g , f r r r Pa f e c a he fee n Their athe s we e ou d etc . s p , l r y ll t ir li g ” f u a n V one o ste n e to . OL L . r x lt i [ , p

E 8 PAG S 47, 4 , 49.

The hou ses e e u of he n o s h m o a m ade of w r b ilt w l g , wit rt r m u d an d sand an d c overed on top by b eam s an d rafters on whi c h was fasten ed a thatc hing o f re eds and bou ghs . T his thatc hing was very apt to c atc h ﬁre from sparks ﬂyi ng o u t o f the c h m ne A u d n in h c h am adfo d and i ys . b il i g w i Willi Br r G o e no C a ve la c au h hu s an d the s c k m en we e v r r r r y ill , g t t , i r fo c ed t m ak c a e ou n o e a s eed es . r p y p [Y g , F or a lan showin the s e en hou ses s ee a s Pa . p g v , D vi , rt I P 53 NOTES . 1 6 9

B dford had su ffe ed ra r s everely from exposu re to wet and c o d in the f d o a es o sc o e . oun l v y g i v ry [Y g, Mr E d ard in l . w W s ow his fe e tc . adfo d wi , [Br r , S r ﬁft ca ce rem ained . adfo d y [Br r , ’ Mr R ins n l tter m a f . ob o s e b e ound i n ou n . y Y g, 473

L evellin the raves . A nc ien tL andm arks o Pl m ou th g g [ f y , a s Pa L . D vi , rt , p

. S O E T S U N T AN D M I O T . VI AM S , Q A O, ASSAS

E 0 1 PAG S 5 , 5

See ou n 1 80 —1 6 adfo d — A o T e . s h Y g, 9 Br r , 93 95 l ” oha nohetI ndians in h s o u m e P t i v l . n n A n s and o ff the c a f Mo he a . o s o a ne g i l t M i . “ ” He er ldl u n 1 2 v bo . o 8 y y [Y g, ]

ith fi ther tall ro er m en am 1 W ve o . 8 S e . 6 p p [ , p ]

E 2 PAG 5 .

’ '

a E . Pe c e s I ndian M s tor M ssasoit. ee [S W . i r y]

PAG E 55.

A reene ru e etc . ou n 1 g gg , [Y g, 9 “ ” it m ar ll d m u h etc am e 1 Massaso ve e c . S , [ , 9 ” r lust m an etc Sam e A ve . y y , [ ]

TH E F IR T SU MME R . VII . S

G E 6 PA 5 .

l n n h ed at ou ham on as a c oo e H A de had bee ir S t pt p r . e c am e u p on the u nderstanding that he m ight retu rn to E ng and or em a n in Am e c a as he shou d see ﬁt H e s a ed l r i ri , l . t y , I 70 NOTES .

u n T ad on a and in 1 6 2 1 m arried Prisc illa M lli s . r iti s ys that S and sh W shed to m a P sc a and hat she ans e ed t i i rry ri ill , t w r ’ his m essen e A den h Wh don t ou S eak for ou g r, l , wit , y y p y r se f ohn ! l , J E PAG 57.

The first m arria e in P m ou h ho e e was n ot ohn g ly t , w v r, J ’ ’ ’ a d ﬁ s fe an A den s b u t E dw ns o s . ns o s d l , r Wi l w Wi l w r t wi ’ h hu s and d ed the fo m e a c h 2 the a e M rs . e s W it b i , r r M r 4, l tt r a d the su o s of the two ok en m ar F eb . 2 1 1 6 2 1 n , ; rviv r br ria es h a des a c h o a du e to the ac c a n eeds g , wit p t pr b bly pr ti l i a The c m n o f the m e e e u n ed n M . e e o ac c o d ti , w r it y r y, r e e ing to y c u sto m e of y L ow C ou ntries in whic h they had ” ed was e fo m ed b the m a s a e not b the liv , p r r y gi tr t , y “ m n s e A nd h s ac c e ha h c on nu ed in hese a s i i t r . t i pr ti t ti t p rt " to h s m e A 11 adfo d t i ti , [Br r , ’ “ dfo d C arver s death A Whils t etc . a ( pril , , [Br r ,

“ The ou rne to Pok anok et u n e or u 1 6 2 1 H avin j y (J J ly, ) g o The u e a a on 0 are n s m e s or t tc . d e i e o ss s . 6 , q t p g pp 59, f m n 2 2—2 1 B adfo d 1 0 2 and c onsu o ou . 0 . See r Y g, pp 3 r r , , lt the m a at the e nn n o f h s o u m e p b gi i g t i v l .

E 6 1 PAG .

J ourne to N au set a e a of u or ea in A u u s y (l tt r p rt J ly, rly g t, The u o a ons on 2— ar m u n 2 1 . 6 6 e f o o q t ti pp 4 r Y g, 4 2 1 8 n n . o the fa he of the b o was a e c hed so o f Billi gt , t r y, wr t rt m an e ec u ed in 1 6 0 for m u de anc n n the . s o , x t 3 r r Fr i Billi gt , ’ o s o he c m n one da to the to of a ee on a h b y br t r, li bi g y p tr ill no t far f o m P m ou h saw a a e dou e on d h c h he r ly t , l rg bl p , w i ’ ho u h wa a ha n c s sea. s S e ee a t g t It i b n c alled B illington s Se .

I 72 NOTES . brou ght them to that p oin t whic h was m ost c onvenient for ac c ess to the broad plain known as the Massac hu ’ setts e ds f o m its e n u sed as the c en a a he n Fi l , r b i g tr l g t ri g e Th s a n la in the n o he n a of plac e of the trib . i pl i y rt r p rt ha is n ow the o n o f u n c an d was c onn ec ed w t t w Q i y, t with th e Squ an tu m h eadlan d by a low n ec k o f m arsh S and sh an ded at the foo of the o d and b eac h . t i l t b l u n u H ead oc c ff S u a R oc or S a m . r ky li [ q w k , q t ] H ere they m et a wom an who told them where to ﬁn d her sac hem Obb atinewat and he sa ed to a o n o a , t y il p i t pr b bly

H or D orc hester H ei htS hi a n - ac n ea Sa n s e . r vi ill . g , t rryi g pl “ Obb atin ewat then u ndertook to gu ide the party to the S u a Sac hem who ed som e he e on the s c in the q w , liv w r My ti , i su o ed f ac hu The u a n e h o hood s s o se . S ig b r , it pp , W t q w Sac hem was the do of N an e ashm et a assac hu se s wi w p , M tt had een k ed b the T a a ne The a did c hief who b ill y rr ti s . p rty n ot reac h her hom e they lan ded an d explored the c ou ntry in the n e h o hood of edfo d and W nc hes e fou n d ig b r M r i t r, ’ N anepashm ets deserted wigwam and a p alisade en c losu re h n h c h he was u ed an d ou h a few Sk ns f om wit i w i b ri , b g t i r som e nd an om en b u t e e o ed to e u n hou I i w , w r blig r t r wit t ha n m ade a ea h an sa e Obb atinewat who was vi g tr ty wit y v , bu t a s a e n c h ef u a to assaso an d e u a t rv li g i , trib t ry M it , q lly af a d o f a om r i the Squ aw Sac hem nd of the T arratines . [Fr M e m or ial H is tor L C ha . . y, , p III ] Y ou n in a n 226 su ests ha S u an u m m a ote . g, , p , gg t t q t y have b een so c all ed by them at this tim e for their inter ” h a ete Tis u antu m who was of t e . pr r, q , p rty NOTES . 1 73

F E T N AN . I G D F IN VIII AS AM E .

G E 66—6 PA S 9.

H C h ronicles o r m s arvest. i 2 [ f n , Thanks ivin am e g g . [ S ]

E 0 PAG 7 .

Thir - five new setlers c am e in the o u ty t F rt n e . [See Brad fo d 1 0 C h r onicles o the Pil r im s 2 N ew E n land r , 5 f g , 34 ; g

C hronolo A c ha e an n hem e a h to gy, rt r, gr ti g t l g l rig t the an d u on h c h he e e a ead sea ed an d h c h l p w i t y w r lr y t , l w i was n ot within the lim its of the p atent u nder whi c h they

c am wa a u i h e s o o h o e n h s S . m a b e , pr b bly br g t v r t i ip It y seen at m h f P ou . N o e in ad o d ly t [ t Br r , “ l n c Y e reat eo e of e N arro a setts et . See ad g p p y g , [ Br f 1 2 1 L on fe w o d Th s oc c u ed in ec em e 6 . o r , i rr D b r, g ll

e esen s S and sh as c am m n the sna e - s n h u e s r pr t t i r i g k ki wit b ll t , an d for the sa e of the d am a c ac on an d s u a on ac es , k r ti ti it ti , pl the e so de efo e the sa n of the a f owe he eas pi b r ili g M y l r, w r The the vessel had already retu rned the prec eding April . ’ oe m a so se z es u on S and s h s c om a h Pec ksu ot p l i p t i b t wit , h c h ea oc c u ed in 1 6 2 an d n s n o the sam e w i r lly rr 3, bri g it i t an e of m e r g ti .

PAG E 71 .

’ The snak e- skin returned See ou n s C hr onicles o the . [ Y g f

Pi g r im s l ,

T i d l in s adf d he a reed to inc ose the r we . o y g l l g [Br r , 1 1 Governor B radford c l oses his ac c ou ntof the year 1 621 as nd he e h sha end h ea O n sha l follows A r wit I ll t is y r . ly I l 1 74 NOTES .

em em e one assa e m o e a he of m th han of e ht r b r p g r , r t r ir t w ig . e e r On da c a ed C h s m as - da G o c a ed hem ou t y y ll ri t y, y v ll t e to worke as was u sed b u t m os of h s n ew c om an , ( , ) y t t i p y hose who had c om e in the F ortune e c u sed hem se es [t ,] x t lv t an d sa d en a a nst he c onsc en c es to o k on da i it w t g i t ir i w r y y. e r So y G ov tou ld them that if they m ade it a m atter of c on sc enc e he ou d s a e hem he e e e e nfo m ed i w l p r t till t y w r b tt r i r . e So he led away y res t and left them b u t when they c am e 8 hom e at n oone f o m he work e he fou nd hem in streete r t ir , t y e at a o en som e c h n a an d som e at sto ole pl y, p ly ; pit i g y b rr ball [ a gam e in whic h a ball is driven from stool to s tool] and su c h ke s o s So he en to hem and ook e a a li p rt . w t t , t w y he m em en s and ou d hem ha was a a nst his c on t ir i pl t , t l t t t g i I f h e sc enc e ha h e shou d a and o he s worke . i , t t t y l pl y t r t y e m ade k ee n of m a e of de o on let hem k ee y pi g it tt r v ti , t p he hou ses b u t he e Shou d b e n o am n or e e n in t ir , t r l g i g r v lli g a s ee n c e h c h m e n o h n has een a em ed y tr ts . Si w i ti t i g b tt pt ” in ha wa at ea n s o e . . t t y, l t p ly [p

E 2 PAG S 7 , 73.

’ Mr n m n u n T he c am e in the . Wes o s e . o t [Y g , y h an a n in u 1 2 2 C h a an d t e S 6 . rity w , rrivi g J ly, Mu h a t n adfo d 1 2 6 c w s s o e . l [Br r , ] am The fort. [S e ] “ A lar e s u are hou se an d the assem bled b beat g q , y y ” of drum D e R as e e . . [ i r ] ’ Tis u antum s death N o em e adfo d q ( v b r, [Br r ,

PAGE 74. — Standish atManom et a c h 1 6 2 oun 0 1 (M r , 3) [Y g , 3 9 3

1 76 NOTES .

A nd of Standish

A ll the h o t o od of his rac e of Sir H u an d o f u rs on de bl , gh Th t S an d s t i h , e d an d ea in his ear an d s e ed in the ve ns of his e m B o es . il b t h t, w ll i t pl H ead on h e ea ed o n th e oas er an d sn a c n his n fe from its l g l p b t , , t hi g k i sc a ard bb ,

Pu n ed n o his ear an d re e n ac ard th e s ava e l g it i t h t, , li g b kw , g ” e his fac e to th e sk an d a ﬁen dlik e ﬁerc en ess u on . F ll with y, p it

Then ,

le n fo ded arm s s oo d H ob om ok fr e n d of th e e m an S . i t, with l t , i whit Sm n at en h e exc a m ed to th e s a ar c a a n o f P m o u ili g l gth l i t lw t pt i ly th , ‘ Pe c k su ot ra e d ver lou d o f his c o u ra e his s ren an d his b gg y g , t gth , s a u re t t , M o c k e d the great c aptai n an d c all ed him a littl e m an ; b u t I s ee n ow v n la him e e c es o B ig en o u gh h a e yo u b e e to y Sp hl s b ef re yo u . Th u s the ﬁrst b attl e was fo u ght an d wo n by th e stalwart Mil es

Stan di sh . W en th e d n s ereo f ere ro u to the v a e o f P m o u h ti i g th w b ght ill g ly th , An d as a t rophy of war th e h ead o f th e brave Wattawam at Sc o ed fro m th e ro of o f the fo r c aton c e was a c urc an d a wl t, whi h h h fo rtress , l A l who e e d re o c e d an d ra sed the L ord an d o o c ou ra e . b h l it j i , p i t k g n Pr s c a a er ed her fac e fro m s s ec re of error O ly i ill v t thi p t t , Th anki ng G o d in h er h eart th at sh e h ad n o t m arried Mil es Stan di sh ; S r n in fe ar n a m o s es c o m n om e from his a es h i k g , i g l t, l t, i g h b ttl , H e s o u d la c a m to h er an d as th e r z e an d re ard o f his h l y l i h , p i w va or l .

’ Wituwam ats head was n deed set u u on the fo b u t , i , p p rt , P sc a had hen een m a ed two ea s The oem a e s ri ill t b rri y r . p lt r da es at need t . G E PA 87. D a e th of C anacum etc . ou n , [Y g, 345] N S OTE . 1 77

’ The I ndian s season for planting corn is when the l eaves ’ ” of the h e o ak are as as a m ou se s ear N o w it big . [ te in You n g, E 88 8 . PAG S , 9

B radford has little regard for those who hold that private

ea h Shou d b e don e a a h an d an d an d oods w lt l w y wit , l g “ m c m m on o e A s if he bec o e o pr p rty. t y were wiser than ” G od ! [p .

Drou ht and da of fastin and ra er u 1 6 2 g y g p y (J ly, l r m s C h ronicles o Pi i . [ f g , p

E 0 1 PAG S 9 , 9 .

Arrival of the Anne and L ittle J am es adfo d . [Br r , pp . a f d an d M rs Sou h o h had n n eac 1 42 Br d or . t w rt k ow h o he in E n and an d a c o es on denc e e een hem led t r gl , rr p b tw t to her c om n o e t e m a ed to him i g v r o b rri . The Third Harvest a ou the m dd e of Se em e ( b t i l pt b r, adfo d [Br r ,

N T H E R M AD D ITION AL N OT E S O PILG I S .

Three heifers and a bull were brou ght over in 1 6 24 in the ’ ha a s s A ncien tL an dm arhs o Pl m ou th These C rity. [D vi f y ] n and P s were the ﬁrst c attle that had c om e to N ew E gl . ri c illa m ay have had m any a ride u p on the bac k of a white s ee b u t on her edd n - da she c an ha e oc eeded on t r, w i g y v pr ly

fee . in su c h state as c ou ld b e fu rn ished by her own two t “ From 1 621 to 1 657 the ea of his dea h adfo d , y r t , Br r was annu a c hosen o e no h the e c e on of 1 6 lly g v r r, wit x pti 33 1 78 NOTES .

1 6 6 and 1 6 hen E d a d W ns o was c hosen and 3 , 44, w w r i l w , d 1 8 hen Thom a P nc e wa c h en 1 6 an 6 s s os . 34 3 , w ri It is pro bable thatin the exc epted years he was dropp ed at his ’ u es a s s A ncien tL an dm a rhs o Pl m ou t own req t . [D vi f y h ] I n 1 627 the Pilgrim s m ade a new arrangem en t with the “ u e The e m f h c o m ac e e ha f r Adven t r rs . t r s o t is p t w r t t o e h een hu nd ed ou nds to b e a d atthe R o a E c han e ig t r p , p i y l x g e e c hae m as in n ne e u a annu a ns a m en s the ﬁ s v ry Mi l , i q l l i t l t , r t in 1 6 2 8 the c om an so d to hem the P m s all he , p y l t [ ilgri ] t ir nte estin the an aton nc u d n m e c han d se an d ands i r pl t i , i l i g r i l . Several of the c hief plan ters entered into bon ds for ” ’ he fu ﬁ m en f h c n ac a s as t o t e o . s H i t. o M s L l l t tr t [B rry f , , 1 39- 1

The de tof e hteen hu nd ed ou nds to the Ad en u e s b ig r p v t r r , an d a debt to other parties am ou nting to six hun dred m ore e e assu m ed b W am adfo d es S and sh saac w r y illi Br r , Mil t i , I A e ton E d a d ns o am e s e ohn H o and ll r , w r Wi l w, Willi Br w t r, J wl , ” and Thom as P nc e to hom e e o n ed fou f ends in ri , w w r j i r ri

L ondon . a s [D vi , These m en a d off the de s h n the m e esc ed p i bt wit i ti pr rib ,

k a f r fu r etc h he na es . b en e n n o a s de o . t y t ri g i t bri tr , , wit tiv Som e of the nd ans u sed s of she h c h he c a ed I i bit ll , w i t y ll

am u m for m one . T he P m s au h o he es to w p , y ilgri t g t t r trib “ d c am e the c m m n c c e a u se an e o o u en . N o it , it b rr y l g l en de sc hem e in hese a e da s has een o de in its t r , t l t r y , b b l r c on c eption or m ore su c c essfu l in its c areer than that of the P m a he s h c h h the she s of the Sho e e e e d ilgri F t r , w i , wit ll r , r li v he c om m u n f om de and es a shed on a e m anen t ir ity r bt , t bli p r t as th a h Th s b is e we lt and pro sp erity of N ew E ngland . i c urrenc y of the early days was m ade from the pu rpl e and

1 80 NOTES .

C onan L ford and O dham afterivard rem oved from N a t, y , l

kea or a em ee Pa f e V l . L h N au m S . S o a tasc ot to C . g, l [ l r y, , p ’ ’ n n ou n Po/hs H is t ha d H so s Y . . V . an C III , iggi g , p VIII ] I n 1 625 another settlem en t was attem pted by a C aptain

o as on who ou ht m en to u nc . A o s e n fe o W ll t , br g Q i y r i t ri g ll w nam ed Thom as o on o a ned c on o of h s se em en M rt bt i tr l t i ttl t, on eha whic h he c alled M erry M ou n t . Mort b ved so badly in se n ﬁ ea m s to the nd ans and in othe dea n s h lli g r r I i , r li g wit

the na es ha C a a n S and sh was sen to a es him . tiv , t t pt i t i t rr t H e was c a u ed an d sen ac to E n and b u t e u ned pt r t b k gl , r t r and ed for som e m e on e at e ou n esc a n liv ti l g r M rry M t, pi g a ec n d a e on c nc ea n h m e f in h s o rr st ly by o li g i s l t e woods . M em or ial fiis tor o B os ton L [ y f , ,

N N B OSTON I E GLAND .

E 2 PAG 9 .

nd Adul h e e o f e m an de c n B otolph a p w r G r s e t. [See C ollec tions f or a Topogr aphic al and H is tor ic al A c cou n t of

B os ton Thom son . 2 2 , p , p ’ E n s ee een [ fis tor o the E n lis e The e . S G s h P o le gl [ r y f g p , V l ha L L . o . C , p ] PAGE 95.

’ B ot- hol boat- hel See ean n e o s n o es on her p, p [ J I g l w t

H i h Tide on the C oas t o L incolns hir e us a ed E di g f , Ill tr t

T he s o en de h c h she es a u i k en tion . ] t l ti w i writ b o t s spo ” o f in the history of the town the B oston b ells are the ham b ell s of old B os ton the L i n dis is the river Wit . u Thom Monastery destroyed by the D anes ab o t 870 . [ p s on ] S NOTE . 1 8 1

N am e B st n A e an ean n o o . o d e o . [ b v , J I g l w ] ’ St B to h s ur h h c . o lp ch c T e hu rc h is 1 0 0 feet wide 0 0 f e n h h an d 3 e t lo g wit in the walls . T e tower is the h hes 1 0 0 a ds an d n o e in E u e is eas ig t ( y r ) bl st rop . It ily seen 0 m e u n d h e c n d fu h s o s e ou an e b sea. 4 il r t i l v l try, rt r y

There was a pro digiou s c loc k - b ell whic h c ou ld b e h eard 6 or

m es ou n d h m an old e ses ou nd . O e 7 il r , wit y v r r it liv r C om e hen a c o on e la in os on the n h efo e he r w ll , t l l , y B t ig t b r fou h the a e o f Wim eb n ea H o n c a c 1 0 s e O t. g t b ttl y, r r tl , , tu k el u o ed T h m n 1 6 . S b o so . 43 [ y, q t y p , p The o e is a an e n o e u for ho d n a ea t w r l t r t w r, b ilt l i g gr t h I n fo m e da s se ed as a eac on e o the lig t . r r y it rv b . B l w n n hu n m f la ter s g a c hi e o bells . T he ﬂ oor o f the c hu rc h was ﬁlled with tablets m arking — H a ho ne a ha he he u a ac n ea h Mrs . s s t t b ri l pl es be t . wt r y t t n a e is fu of c a ed o a en sea s and ha the u s are v ll rv k t , t t p lpit n in h c h in the m ids t o f them instead o f bei g t e o ir . ’

Mr . hn tt n See a he s L i e o C otton J o C o o . [ M t r f f ]

E 6 8. PAG S 9 , 97, 9

hns n ee M em orial H is tor r J o o . S L ady Arhella and M . [ y

o B os ton V ol L . f , . , p “ I he . A fellow in the town etc . a , [M t r, ,

N E WI LLIAM BLAC K STO .

The fac ts c onc erning William Blac kstone are gathered ’ from the M em or ial I I is toiy of B os ton Bliss s I I is tory of ’ ’ B ehohoth ; Arnold s R hode I sland ; N ewm an s A ddr ess at S 1 82 NOTE .

’ Stu d I f ill oun s C h ronicles o M ass achu s etts a s in y ; Y g f ; D vi , ’ a H 0 k n s X . 1 2 d se es H o s s H i tor o ss . s . C o . M i t ll , 9 , ri ; p i y f ’ r o id n ce a P v e ss . H 2 d e e and . . ak s C o . . s s S G e s , M i t . ll IX , ri Dr s tor o B os ton H i y f .

I .

E —1 0 PAG S 99 5.

B lack stone or as h e o e his nam e a ton was a ou t , , wr t , Bl x , b V h ea s ld in 1 2 . M e or ial H is tor ol L . o 6 m . t irty y r 5 [ y, , p “ ’ He took the freem an s oath Ma 1 8 1 6 1 e n the y , 3 , b i g ﬁ s who oo and efo e the ass n of the o de h c h r t t k it, b r p i g r r w i c ed the e f m n c hu c h m em e restri t privil ges o f ree e to r b rs . H s tor o R e oh i h oth . [ y f , p H r i d f r his land N e m an e ece ve o S. C . [ w , A ddress atStu dy [ f ill ] E ac h inhabitan t o f B oston p aid at least Sixp enc e toward the p u rc hase of the land ; som e paid ’

tor o hode I s land . 8 m o e . A no d s I iis R r [ r l y f , pp 9 , — H is original lot o f ﬁfty ac res was abou t on e ﬁfteen th o f ’

ha u a H is tor o B os ton . S m . e s w t [Dr k y f , p 9 an d a u His stock of cows c on sisted o f two heifers b ll . ’ F or these he p aid $5 [ N ewm an s A ddr ess at Stu dy

II .

E 1 0 —1 1 0 PAG S 5 .

I n 1 634 he sold his ti le to all and in Sha m u t e c e t l w , x pt in his six - ac e lot an d soon af e a d in 1 6 or 1 6 g r ; t rw r , 34 35, rem oved to that p art of old R ehob oth n ow kn own as L ons ’ da e A n d s H is tor o R hode I s d . o l an . 8 l [ r l y f , pp 9 , The ﬁrst horses brou ght to B oston c am e in the May

’ o e or the ha e a n u 1 1 6 0 n h o s ﬂ w r W l , rrivi g J ly , 3 . [Wi t r p H is tor o N ew E n land V ol L y f g , . , p .

S 1 84 NOTE .

E 1 1 PAG 5.

fe enc e on ee e s . Puritans . [S r r p

E I 1 6 PAG .

J hn Winthro was o n an o . 2 2 1 88 in G o on p b r J , 5 , r t , and fou m e sou h es f om H ad e h H i a E n s . s e gl , r il t w t r l ig rly a Sho ha he had a s on e ou s n a u e I n j o u rn ls w t t tr gly r ligi t r . deed hou h he ec am e a a e he had at on e m e , t g b l wy r, ti u h o f u d n for the m H i f seriou s tho g ts st yi g inis try. s li e as a

ou n m an was fu of so o . a ed at e h een he os y g ll rr w M rri ig t , l t his s fe and af e a d a sec ond b u t h his h d ﬁr t wi , t rw r , wit t ir m a a e in 1 6 1 8 to a a e dau h e of Sir ohn T nda rri g , , M rg r t , g t r J y l , an u a I n 1 2 he w a p eriod o f greater tr q illity beg n . 6 6 as appoin ted on e o f the prac tisi ng attorneys o f the C ou rt o f a ds a os on h c h he os or es ned af e a few W r , p iti w i l t r ig t r H e fe ha a c s s was at hand in the c o nd n years . lt t t ri i itio o f E n and and was an c a n a e sona sha e in gl , ti ip ti g p r l r the su fferings to whic h the fri ends of c ivil an d religiou s ” f e e a ou e u ec d L i e a n d L etters reedom w r b t to b s bj te . [ f o ohn Win thr o V ol L h e in h s s a e of f j p , . , W il t i t t u nc e a n an d an e he was u ed b som e o f his f ends rt i ty xi ty, rg y ri to o n hem in he a em to fou n d a c o on in A m e c a j i t t ir tt pt l y ri . They were going u nder the au spic es of a c orp oration c all ed the C om p any of Massac husetts B ay ; an d he dec ided to c as hi l h h The fo o n e t ac ts Sho som e t s ot wit t eirs . ll wi g x r w o f his reasons for doing so

L SOME G E N C ON C LU SI ON S

1 It is gran ted that the worke is lawfu ll and hopefu ll of su c c es he e o d of t he s for t gr atg o he c hurc . NOTE S . 1 85

The se c e o f sa in e an 4. rvi y g d u pholdinge a partic u lar c hu rc he is to b e preferred before the b etteringe som e parte f a c hu c h alread e es a he o r y t blis d . “ : A fu u e ood if b e ea e m a b e efe ed 7 t r g , it gr t r, y pr rr befo e a esent ood ha is esse an d in h s es ec e the r pr g t t l , t i r p t , m em b ers of that c hu rc he m ay b e of m ore u se to their m o he c hu rc he hee e han m an e of hose hom She sha t r r , t y t w ll

e in her wn e o m e L i e still ke p O b so . [ f and L etters of ohn Win th r o L j p , ,

PARTI C U LAR C ON SI D E RATI ON S I N THE C ASE OF OHN I N TH OP J W R .

is c om e to ha ssu e as the wellfar 1 . It t t i e of the

Pan a on de en ds u on his o ein e for d e s o f the l t ti p p g g , iv r nde a e s not oe hou him C hiefe U rt k r will g wit t . “ H e ac no ed es a satisfac tor e c allin e ou twar 2 . k wl g y g de f om hose of the Pan a on n a d b the nc na o n o f r t l t ti , i w r ly y i li ti his own heart to the work . “ T hou h his m eans b e su f c ent for a c om fo a 3. g ﬁ i rt ble su s stenc e in a a e c on d on hee e et the on e ha fe of b i priv t iti r , y l hem e n d s osed to his e de Sonn es who are n ow of t b i g i p 3 l r , a e he c anno e in the sam e ac e an d c allin e h ha g , t liv pl g wit t t h c h em a n s an d so if he Shou d efu se h s o or w i r i , l r t i pp tu nit ha a en h c h G o d ha h es o ed u on him for y, t t t l t w i t b t w p

u e se c e er e ke to b e u ed . p blik rvi , w li b ri H is fe and su c he of his c h d en as are c om e to 4. wi il r years o f disc retion are volu ntarylye disp osed to the sam e c u e o rs . han e os o f his f ends do c onsen t to his c . 5. M t ri g L i e and L etters L [ f , , 1 86 NOTE S .

rn r of the c o on He was m ade gove o l y. “ An d n ow the C ou rt [ a c ou rt held by the M assac hu setts B a C o m an ha n ec e ed e ao d na ea y p y] , vi g r iv xtr r i ry gr t h W n hro c om m enda ons of . o n t as on e e n ti Mr J y p , b i g e e wa e ﬁ ed for the ac e of G o e no did v ry ( y) w ll tt pl v r r,

u t in n om na on for tha ac e . ohn n h o Sir p i ti t pl Mr J Wi t r p , h hnson and . o n H u R Sa ons a . o m f : an d . lt t ll, Mr J , Mr J ry nth o was c hosen to b e o e n the said Mr . Wi r p g v r or for L i e a nd L ete s the ensu n ea . t r . 8. F or a i g y r [ f , p 34 fu ac c o un of the assac hu se s B a C o m an see Pal ll t M tt y p y, ’ e n and V l L ha s tor o N w E l o . C f e s I I i . . R ead r y y f g , , p VIII ’ ’ a so H nson s You n Poths I I is tor o the U n ited States l iggi g y f ,

a . C h p . VIII ] K nowing that there m u st b e no holding bac k or falling ou t he h the o he eade s of the en e se S ned a , , wit t r l r t rpri , ig pap er in whi c h they prom ised solem nly to b e faithfu l to eac h o ther and to their pu rp ose having weighed the great ’ n ess of the o k in e a d o f the c onse u enc e G od s o w r r g r q , gl ry ’ and the c hu rc h s good it is fu lly and faithfu lly Agr eed am on gstu s that we will b e ready to em bark b the ﬁ s of a c h n e t to the end to ass the seas y r t M r x , p , ’ u nde Go d s o ec on to nha and c on nu e in N ew ( r pr t ti , ) i bit ti E ngland : S ned R c ha d Saltenstall Thom as Sha e ( ig ) i r , rp , Thom as u d e nc ease N o e D l y, I r rw ll, am assa ohn n h o Willi V ll, J Wi t r p , N c ho as est am P nc hon i l W , Willi y , saac ohnson K e am o ne I J , ll Br w , ohn H u m f e am C albron J r y, Willi . L i e and L etters L [ f , ,

S . . 1 88 NOTE

I n 1 6 2 8 J ohn E ndic ott wen t fro m E ngland to N au m k eag to ac t as m ana e o f the se em en he e in eha f o f the g r ttl t t r , b l o c hes e c om an h c h af e a d ec am e m e ed in D r t r p y, w i t rw r b rg “ m an o f assac hu se a The e m a n f the C o p y M tts B y. r i s o ’ C on an t s c om p any were disp osed to qu estion the c lai m s o f he n c m u h u e wa am c a c m d t e o e s . B t t e d s s o ose w r i p t i bly p , and in c o m m em o a on o f its ad s m en the ac e ook , r ti j u t t, pl t ’ th n am f a u e e o Sa em the H e e o d for e ce l . l , br w w r p f f ’ / Pa e s tor o N e E n a nd V ol ha . L . . s H i w . C [ l r y y f g , , p VIII , pp ’ 2 —2 h h n d a so H nson You n 8 8 . See s c a e a s 5 9 t i pt r , l iggi g ’ Poths s tor o t e for fu he LIi the U nited S at s C ha . . y f , p VIII , rt r inform ation c onc ern ing Sal em ] ’ “ Du dl ey s letter was addressed to the R ight H on ou rable ” m e h a d e u n e f L nc o n ood ad t e L d C o ss o . y v ry g l y, y Bri g t , t i l N V l 2 h a w H am h H . o . . . 2 T e L d e s e s . C o [ p ir i t ll , IV , p 4] y ’ A r ella h d etwas the fe of T heo h u s L ad b s o e . Bri g wi p il , y br t r

PAGE 1 25.

Death f nr in hr L i e and L etters o oh n o He y W t op . [ f f j

Win th r o V ol I L p, . , p . 33] “ Th sa e c am c d u d in the a e e w t . e o s ote o y , [F ily r r q b v , p . 35 ] 1 1 .

P 1 0 AGE 3 .

M n Henr e c so t . Sam e y y, [ ] Th r athou se am e e . S e . g [ , p

PAGE 1 31 .

The em t c ask B os ton N ews letter an . 1 p y . [ , J 4, 733] ’ A m s in r fam i e E dwa o t eve tc . d ohnson s l y ly, [ r J Wonder W rhin r a o P o id n ce h . 8 v e C . . g , p XVII , p 3 NOTES. 1 89

PAGE 1 32.

’ “ L ady Arbella s death . Mather says : Of those who d e d soon af e he s a a n ot the eas c ons de a e y t r t ir ﬁr t rriv l , l t i r bl was the ad A r ahella who ef an ea h a r adis e in the l y , l t rt ly p fam of an E arldom to enc ou n e the so o s o f a wilder ily , t r rr w ness for the en e a nm en s of a u re wor s hi in the hou s e . t rt i t p p of G od ; an d then im m ediately l eft that wilderness for the H ea en aradis e B u t as for her u ou s hu s and v ly p , virt b , hn saac o son E s . I J , q, ’ H e try d ’ ’ T o ve o u h er e d n ot and d d. li with t , lik it , y

Ma nalia ook L . [ g , B , p ” “ i d rn ss c a L eftthatw e e et . S m e l , [ ] ” he took etc am e S . S , [ ,]

P S 1 1 AGE 33, 34.

d M em or ial I I is tor n Pollar . V ol An e . L . 2 1 [ y, , p 5 ] ’ Winthrop s hou se s tood on what is n ow Washington h o ee wa a a a S ee o os e Sc o S . s o t s tr t, pp it l tr t It pr b bly ﬁr t

u h s u c u e h ndo - ane o f o ed a a n o s e . pl i , r g tr t r wit wi w p il p p r ’ H e thou ght D u dley s hou se too ﬁn e with its wain sc otting ” “ an d ado n n an d o d him h e did n ot e to es o r i g, t l w ll b t w ” “ h c o u n u d e ans e ed ha was for the su c st po it . D l y w r t t it a m h of his hou se an d the ch a e was e e n b u t w r t , rg littl , b i g ” c lapb oards n ailed to the wall in the form o f wai nsc ot .

L i e and L etter s [ f , Winthrop and Du dl ey fell into a qu arrel over their hou ses an d he a s of c on du c n u c affa s b u t the u a e t ir w y ti g p bli ir , q rr l en ded in a m e f endsh and I n 1 6 8 hen he e e ﬁr r ri ip , , 3 , w t y w r S 1 90 NOTE . c hoos n a thou sand ac es of and a ec e in C o nc o d the i g r l pi r , y nam ed two s tones whic h m arked the boundary be tween “ he ossess on s the Two o he s in em em an c e ha t ir p i , Br t r , r br t t ’ they were brothers by their c hildren s m arriage and did SO ” d — “ b o he a ee . L i e a n L etters 1 0 1 The two r t rly gr [ f , 93 ] ea s ones are s and n to h s da an d are s kno n as gr t t t i g t i y, till w ” the Two o he M em orial H is tor Br t rs . [ y] “ ” ’ A ou tt in h m rnin etc n h o s I I is tor b wo t e o . g, [Wi t r p y N a e 0 e l u nde d e of S . o w E n an V ol L . 0 d . f g , , p 4 , r t pt 3 , 1 630 ]

PAGE 1 37. The nam e “ B oston was given to the town on the 1 7th

o f Se em e 1 6 0 . The C o on R ec o ds s a is pt b r, 3 l y r y, It ” a d o on ordered thatTrim ou ntain shall b e c lle B st .

III .

PAGE 1 39.

’ “ a h M a nalia V ol L n F r h etc e s . O ebrua 5t . y , [M t r g , ,

ook I L . 1 1 1 B , p ] 0 — PAGES 1 4 1 43.

m u Thank s i in ee . The Ply o th g v g . [S p m i C hic k ataubot. Tho as Du dley writes in h s le tter to the “ C ou ntess o f L in c oln : U p on the river o f N apon set n eere to the Mattac hu etts e ds d e e h C hic ka T a o who s ﬁ l w ll t lb tt , ha h b etw n 0 Th s m an eas favoreth t ee e 50 an d 6 su bj ec ts . i l t the E n sh o f an Sa am o e wee are ac u a n ed h gli y g r q i t wit , by reason o f th e old qu arrel b etweene him and those of P m ou h he e n h ee os of his es m en et hee ly t , w r i l t 7 b t , y lo dged on e n ight the las t win ter at m y hou se in a friendly ” m anne r .

I X N D E .

' B re ster am dam s C a r 1 8. 20 2 8 1 6 2 A h i , 4 w , Willi , , 7 , 4 , , 1 6 18 1 A du l h 2 1 82 . . p , 9 , 4,

t res o f th e rst S u m m er 6 . Adven u Fi , 5 C anon ic u s 1 , 7 . d en o n 6 1 6 1 . Al , J h , 5 , 7 , 77 C arver o n 2 8 1 6 1 0 rh e a L ad 6 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 8 , J h , 7 , 3 , 55, 57 , 5, 7 , A ll , y , 9 , , , 3 , 3, 1 2 7 . 1 8 1 0 . 9, 9

C ar e s I . 6 1 0 2 1 8 1 0 , 5, , 45, , 5 , 7 . A rb ella S 1 1 1 2 1 8 . h l , hip , 9, 7 , 9 C ar es to n 1 0 2 1 2 1 0 nn e an d L tte am e s rr va of h l w , , 9, 3 . A i l J , A i l ,

C e es e o c 1 . R k , 49 0 1 ’ h 9 1 79 C hic k atau b ot 1 8 1 1 1 , , 4 , 43, A S in et 1 6 6 8 . p , , 3, 7 C r s tm as T he ﬁrst in P m o u t h i , ly h

B eac on H 1 00 1 1 . ill , , 4 T he s ec on d in P m o u t 1 n ran c s 1 2 l , 75. B n to . y h illi g , F i , 7 n f M as sac u s etts B a 6 C o o o . e at er 1 2 l y, T h . y h F h , 7

o m m on B oston 1 0 . C , , 5 o n 6 1 1 2 . J h , , 7 b itant 1 6 6 6 1 60 1 2 C or . , 4, 5, 77 , , 7 B ac sto n e ve r 1 0 6 . l k Ri , C o rb itants am ttac on 1 B ac sto n e am —1 1 0 1 2 Wigw , A k , 73. l k , Willi , 99 , 3 ,

C orn in B o sto n 1 0 . —1 8 ill , 4 5. h in ru ro 1 68 — 6 , . B o ston E n an d 2 8 1 1 . T , gl , 9 9 ,

C otton o n 1 8 1 2 . , J , 95, 97 , 3, 9 Attem pt o f th e Pilgri m s to es h

C u m m a u d ns o at 6 2 . c a e fro m 2 qi , Wi l w , p , 3. B osto n M as s 6 8 1 , . , , 9 , 99, 37 . D a o f Pra er 88 8 1 . y y , , 9, 79

B oto St. 2 1 82 . lp , , 9 , h D erm er C a ta n 1 1 8 1 60 1 6 1 , p i , 7 , , , . B radford D o rot 1 6 , , 9. hy D s c over es 0 i i , 3 . am 20 —2 2 1 6 8 Willi , 3, 7 , 3 , 3 , 3 , D u d e 1 2 8 1 1 1 8 1 0 1 1 l y , , 3 , 9, 9 , 9 . 8 0 0 1 62—1 6 1 6 4 , 57 , 7 , 73, 9 , 4, 9

E ot o n 1 8 li , J h , 4 . B re ster L ove an d rest n 2 w , W li g , 9, 6 e stn an m n e 6 1 a d a 6 . 4. F i g F i ,

M rs am an d D au h rs t n nter h e 8 1 68 B re ster E c o u T . w , . Willi , g Fi , , 3 , fro m h e 20 1 6 ters 0 1 6 . t E n and T . , 9 , 4 Fligh gl , , , 3 I X 1 94 NDE .

' f M an om et tan d at 1 6 o re athers D a 2 . S s F y, 4 , 45 , i h , 74, 7 . o rt H 1 0 M as s ac u setts B a Stan d s at 66 F ill , 4 . h y, i h , ,

o rt at P m o u t 2 1 6 1 . . 73 F ly h , 7 , 7 — . d e s 1 . ortu n e T h e 1 . Fi , 5 F , , 75 l I n d an s 1 1 1 i , 7 , 5, 43, 59, G reen Sam u e 1 1 1 0 , l , 3 , 9 .

N am e 1 2 8 , . H arvest T h e ﬁ rstat P m o u t 66 . , ly h , M as saso t 2 6 —6 1 i , 5 , 55, 5 , 59 , P m u t 1 1 T h e t rd at o . hi ly h , 9 , 79 —82 1 1 6 1 1 : 79 , 59, , 77 H ob am ok 6 8 82 86 8 , 4, 77 , 7 , , , 7 . M attac h ee I n d an s 1 6 . i , H o ns c eanu s 2 . pki , O , 9 M erc ant dventu rers T h e 1 6 h A , , 4, Ste en 8 p , 5 . h 1 80 .

H u nt C a ta n 1 0 62 1 60 1 6 . , p i , 7 , 4 , , , 9 N am as et I n d ans 1 6 k i , .

I c an oe 2 . , 9 N arra ans et I n d an s 0 1 1 g i , 7 , 7 , 75. n I ndian C a s N au m k ea o r Sa em 6 1 0 2 1 2 8 l , , , , g , l M assac u s etts 1 1 8 1 1 h , 7 , 5, , 74, 4 ,

N au s et I n d an s 1 6 1 0 6 1 . i , , 7 , 4 , M attac h ee 1 6 . , o u rn e to 6 1 1 2 . J y , , 7

N am as et 1 6 . k , N e o ns et I n d ans 1 . p i , 5

N arra an s et 0 1 1 . g , 7 , 7 , 75 N otes 1 , 57 .

N au s e t 0 6 1 . , 4 , wat 1 b atin e 8. e ons et 1 . O b N p , 5 ,

t C u rc 1 . N o n an tu m 1 1 . Old So u , 5, 59 h h h 34 Patu x et 1 6 1 , , 7 , 45. Patu xet I n d an s 1 6 1 Po c ass et 1 6 i , , 7 , , .

Pe c k su o t 1 8 86 1 . , 9, 5, , 77 Po an o et 1 1 6 1 1 60 . k k , 5, , 59, ’ W ar 1 0 1 8 P s . i ip , 9, 5 Pu nk a o a 1 1 . h l p g , 5, 59

P r m s 20 1 6 2 . am an o a 1 6 1 8 i g i , 5, , . l W p g , ,

Pa u e T h e 1 8 1 6 1 . g , , , I n d an s C u sto m s V a es etc . l i , , ill g , , 7

P m o u t 1 0 1 . , 1 1 1 8 1 ’ ly h 51 5 ) 5 1 59 o c 1 6 I an o u h 1 6 8 R k , 9. y g , , 7 .

Po an o e t 1 1 6 1 1 2 . k k , 5, , 59, 7

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n s o at 1 2 . , 57 , 7 o n n r aac 6 1 1 6 1 . Wi w so M . I s l J h , , 9 , , 34

Pra e r D a o f 8 1 . y , y , 9, 79 ’

K n s C a e 1 . Pr s c a 8 1 2 1 8 1 . i g h p l , 34 i ill , 4 , 7 , 7 , 79

Prov den c e 1 0 . i , 7 L o ns dale 1 0 , 7 .

L h 1 8 1 1 6 u ad e u ina 2 1 6 1 . on t e S . y , hip , 3 , 39, 4 Q q , 5 ,