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We the Americans: Pacific Islanders

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We the Americans: Pacific Islanders WE-4 e the Americans: Pacific Islanders Issued September 1993 U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Acknowledgments This report was preparedEdna by L. Paisano, assisted by Deborah L. Carroll, June H. Cowles, Kymberly A. DeBarros, Kenya N. Miles, andLeigh E. Zarbough under the supervision of Roderick J. Harrison, Chief, Racial Statistics Branch. Susan J. Lapham, Population Division, provided general direction.Janice Valdisera and Michael Levin, Population Division, andPaula Coupe andDwight Johnson, Public Information Office, reviewed the report.Marie Pees, Population Division, provided computer programming support. Debra Niner, Population Division, provided review assistance. Alfredo Navarro, Decennial Statistical Studies Division, provided statistical review. The staff of Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, performed publication planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement.Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication coordination and editing.Theodora Forgione provided table design and composition.Kim Blackwell provided design and graphics services.Diane Oliff–Michael coordinated printing services. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. e, the American Pacific Islanders Introduction We, the American Pacific Islanders,States from Asia and the Pacific are a small but distinct and imporĆIslands following the adoption of the tant component of the Asian andImmigration Act of 1965. Pacific Islander population. Immigration played a much more A companion report, We, the varied role, however, in the growth of American Asians" provides a our Pacific Islander population. statistical portrait of the Asian Only 13 percent of us were foreign component of the Asian and Pacificborn. Hawaiians are, of course, naĆ Islander population. tive to this land. Persons born in American Samoa are United States The 1990 census counted 365,024 nationals with the right of free entry Pacific Islanders, a 41 percent inĆ into the United States, and since crease over the 1980 count of 1950 inhabitants of Guam are United 259,566. We were about 5 percent States citizens. of all Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in 1990. Pacific IslandĆ ers include diverse populations whoIn addition to immigration and natuĆ differ in language and culture. ral They increase, part of our growth beĆ are of Polynesian, Micronesian, andtween 1970 and 1990 reflects Melanesian backgrounds. The PolyĆchanges in the race question on the nesian group is the largest ofcensus the form to include more three and includes Hawaiians, SaĆgroups, as well as improvements in moans, Tongans, and Tahitians. collection The and processing proceĆ Micronesian group, the second largĆdures in the 1990 census. est, is primarily Guamanian (or ChaĆ morros), but also includes other Although some groups are small, Mariana Islanders, Marshall IslandĆall Pacific Islander groups are ers, Palauans, and several other important and make continuing groups. The Fijian population iscontributions the to the diversity of the largest Melanesian group. United States. The table at the end of this report shows some characterĆ Immigration was a major factoristics in for selected Pacific Islander the growth of the Asian and Pacificgroups. This report, however, will Islander population as a whole,focus with on the five largest Pacific large numbers coming to the UnitedIslander groups. 1 Our population grew 41 percentFigure 1. between 1980 and 1990, from Distribution of the Pacific Islander Population: 1990 259,566 to 365,024. (Percent) All other Pacific Islander 3.8 Hawaiians, the largest Pacific Islander Tahitian 0.3 group, were 58 percent of the totalNorthern Pacific Mariana Islander 0.3 Islander population. Palauan 0.4 Fijian 1.9 Samoans and Guamanians were the next largest Tongan 4.8 Guamanian groups, representing 17 percent and 14 percent, 13.5 Hawaiian respectively, followed by Tongans and Fijians who 57.8 were 5 percent and 2 percent, respectively, of all Pacific Islanders. Samoan 17.2 Other Pacific Islanders, including Palauans, Northern Mariana Islanders, and Tahitians each constituted less than oneĆhalf of 1 percent of Pacific Islander Americans. Tongans grew more rapidly (146 percent) during the 1980's than any of the top three groups. Most of us live in the West. Figure 2. EightyĆsix percent of the Pacific Pacific Islander Population: 1990 Islander population lived in the AK West in 1990 compared with 56 percent of the Asian and Pacific Islander group as a whole and WA NH 21 percent of the total population. MT ND VT ME MN OR MA ID SD WI NY Approximately 75 percent of Pacific WY MI RI PA CT Islanders lived in just two States Ċ IA NJ NV NE OH California and Hawaii. These two UT IL IN DE CO WV VA MD DC States had more than 100,000 CA KS MO KY NC Pacific Islanders. TN AZ OK NM AR SC HI AL GA LA MS Washington was the only other State that TX had 15,000 or more Pacific Islanders. FL 100,000 or more The number of States with 5,000 or more Pacific5,000 to 99,999 Islanders doubled between 1980 and 1990, when1,000 to 4,999 Oregon, Texas, and Utah joined California, Less than 1,000 Hawaii, and Washington. 2 Most of us are native born. Figure 3. Foreign-Born Population: 1990 (Percent) Only 13 percent of Pacific Islanders were foreign born, much lower than the 63 percent for theAsian total and Pacific 63.1 Asian and Pacific Islander population. Islander Pacific Among the Pacific Islander groups, Tongans Islander 12.9 had the highest proportion of foreign born at 61 percent. Tongan 60.9 Samoans and Guamanians had much lower Samoan 22.7 proportions of foreign born, 23 percent and 11 percent, respectively. Guamanian 11.4 Only 1 percent of Hawaiians, natives to this land, were foreign born. Hawaiian 1.3 We are a relatively young population. Figure 4. Median Age: 1990 Pacific Islanders had a median age of 25 yearsAsian and in 1990. The median age was about 30 years forPacific 29.8 Islander the Asian and Pacific Islander population as a whole and 33 for the total population. Pacific Islander 25.0 Only 4 percent of Pacific Islanders were 65 years old and over compared with 6 percent of allHawaiian 26.3 Asians and Pacific Islanders and 13 percent of the total population. Guamanian 25.4 In 1990, Hawaiians had the oldest median age Samoan 21.5 among Pacific Islanders, 26 years, followed by Guamanians with a median age of 25. Other Pacific 23.2 Islander Samoans, at 22 years, had the youngest median age among Pacific Islanders. 3 We have larger families than the Figure 5. average for the Nation. Persons Per Family: 1990 The average Pacific Islander family had 4.1 perĆ sons in 1990, larger than the average numberAsian of and Pacific 3.8 persons per family for Asians and Pacific IslandĆIslander ers (3.8 persons) and all American families (3.2 persons). Pacific Islander families were largĆPacific 4.1 er partly because of higher fertility rates, but alsoIslander because many maintain traditions of strong and cohesive extended families. Samoan 4.8 Family size ranged from 4.8 persons for Samoans to 3.8 persons for Hawaiians. Among Pacific IsĆ Guamanian 3.9 lander families, 73 percent were maintained by a husband and wife compared with 81 percent of Asian and Pacific Islander families. Hawaiian 3.8 Pacific Islanders were more likely to have a female householder with no spouse present Other Pacific 4.6 (19 percent) than all Asians and Pacific IslandersIslander (12 percent). Many of us first come to America to pursue higher education. Table 1. In 1990, 76 percent of all Pacific Islanders Educational Attainment by Sex: 1990 25 years old and over were at least high school(Percent 25 years old and over) graduates. The rate for all Asians and PacificHigh schoolBachelor's Islanders was 78 percent and the national rategraduatedegree was 75 percent. orhigherorhigher Men Women Men Women Within the Pacific Islander group, the proportionTotal. 75.7 74.8 23.3 17.6 who received a high school diploma or higher ranged from 80 percent for Hawaiians to 64Asian perĆ and cent for Tongans. Pacific Islander. 81.5 74.0 41.9 31.8 Pacific Islander. 77.2 75.0 12.0 9.6 In general, Pacific Islander men had higher rates of high school completion than women,Hawaiian . . 79.9 . 79.0 13.0 10.7 77 percent versus 75 percent. Tongan women,Samoan . . . 74.7 . 66.5 9.8 6.1 however, had higher rates of high school Tongan . . . 61.4 . 66.8 5.6 5.9 completion than Tongan men. Guamanian . . .73.9 70.6 11.8 8.2 At the college level, 11 percent of Pacific Islanders were graduates compared with 37 percent of all Asians and Pacific Islanders and 20 percent of the total population. Hawaiians had the highest college completion rate among Pacific Islanders at 12 percent, followed by Guamanians at 10 percent, Samoans at 8 percent, and Tongans at 6 percent. 4 OneĆfourth of us speak a language Table 2. other than English at home. Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English: 1990 (Percent 5 years old and over) Of the 78,000 Pacific Islander persons 5 years old and over speaking a language other Speak Asian or Do not speak LinguisĆ than English at home, 25 percent spoke an Pacific Islander English tically language at home very well" isolated Asian or Pacific Islander language at home. ThirtyĆthree percent of these did not speak Asian and English very well," and 11 percent were Pacific linguistically isolated." Islander . 63.3 55.6 34.4 Pacific Among Pacific Islanders, Tongans and Islander . 24.9 33.4 11.1 Samoans had the highest proportion of persons Hawaiian.
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