RECENZII ŞI NOTE BIBLIOGRAFICE

Teresa Stawiarska, Roman and early Byzantine glass from and northern Bulgaria. Archaeological and technological study, Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Warsaw, 2014, 151 p., 37 fig.

The bibliography about ancient glass artifacts Chemical composition of glass artefacts can discovered in Romania and Bulgaria is quite poor. reveal important information about the The papers of Mihai Bucovală1 and Atanas technology and raw materials used for their Minčev2 are the only monographic works on the production. Chronological and geographical glassware produced in the Greek cities of the differentiations of ancient glass objects are province of Inferior. Next to them, there are reflected in distinct compositional categories. two general articles about ancient glassworks in Up to now, archaeometric studies of glass 3 artifacts excavated in Romania and Bulgaria Bulgaria . For , there are the papers of Cloşca 7 Băluţă4 and Doina Benea5. Recently, there were were rather scarce . Therefore, we can safely assume that the also published some works which provide an recently published study by Teresa Stawiarska overview of the main types of glass vessels from fills, to some extent, a gap, with the help of the early Roman age that were discovered in the 6 chemical analyses. area between Olbia and Byzantium . The contents of the book is organized as follows: Preface (p. 7) 1. Glass production of 1 Bucovală, M., Vasele antice de sticlă la Dacia and Lower Moesia in the Roman and Early Tomis, Constanţa, 1968. Byzantine period (p. 9−80); 2. Roman luxury 2 Minčev, A., Antično staklo ot Zapadnoto glass vessels from Dacia and Lower Moesia Černomorie (I-VI v.), Kupi i panicki, Izvestija subjected to technological analyses (p. 81−90); 3. Varna 20 (35), 1984, p. 5−21; Minčev, A., Antično Glasses from Sântana de Mureş-Černjachov and staklo ot Zapadnoto Černomorie (I–VI v.), Kani, the cultures subjected to technological IzvestijaVarna 25 (40), 1989, p. 13−26; Minčev, analyses (p. 91−100); Appendix 1 Catalogue of A., Antično staklo ot Zapadnoto Černomorie (I–VI physico-chemically analyzed glass finds v.), Butilki, IzvestijaVarna 26 (41), 1990, p. 56−78. (p. 103−120); Appendix 2 Results of physico- 3 Djingov, G., Drevnoto staklo i chemical analyses of the glass finds (p. 121−130); stakloproizvodstvo v Bălgarija, Archeologija Sofia 7, 1965, 4, p. 11−20; Belivanova, A., Early Roman 7 Mǎnucu-Adameşteanu, Gh., Poll, I., Glass from Bulgaria (1st century-the first half of Bracelets en verre découverts en Roumanie, in de the 2nd century), ArchBulg 3, 1999, 1, p. 35−49. Boe, G., Verhaeghe, F. (eds.), Material Culture in 4 e.g. Băluţă, C.L. Considération sur la Medieval Europe. Papers of the ‘Medieval Europe production et la diffusion du verre dans la Dacie Brugge 1997’ Conference, vol.7, Instituut voor het Supérieure, AIHV 7, 1978, p. 97−109. Archeologisch Patrimonium, Zellik/Asse, 1997, p. 5 e.g. Benea, D., Die römische Perlenwerstätten aus , Timişoara, 2004. 345−351; Bugoi, R., Poll, I., Mănucu- 6 Chiriac, C., Boţan, S.-P., Sticlăria elenistică Adameşteanu, G., Calligaro, T., Pichon, L., şi romană din Pontul Euxin. Între producţie şi Neelmeijer, C., Eder, F., Ion Beam Analysis import, in Panait-Bîrzescu, F., Bîrzescu, I., Matei- studies of ancient glass bracelets discovered in Popescu, F., Robu, A. (eds.), Poleis în Marea Bucharest. Rom Rep Phys 63, 2011, 4, p. Neagră: relaţii interpontice şi producţii locale, 912−922; Bugoi, R., Poll, I., Mănucu- Bucureşti, 2013, p. 278−318; Chiriac, C., Boţan, Adameşteanu, Gh., Neelmeijer, C., Eder, F., S.-P., Roman Glass Vessels in the Western Pontic Investigations of Byzantine glass bracelets from Area (1st–3rd Centuries CE). General Remarks, in Nufaru, Romania using external PIXE-PIGE Cojocaru, V., Coşkun, A., Dana, M. (eds.), methods, J.Arch.Sci. 40, 2013, p. 2881−2891; Interconnectivity in the Mediterranean and Pontic Olczak, J., Produkcja szkła w rzymskim i World during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, wczesnobizantyjskim Novae w świetle źródeł Cluj-Napoca, 2014, p. 525−555. archeologicznych (Mezja Dolna), Toruń, 1998.

SCIVA, tomul 66, nr. 3–4, Bucureşti, 2015, p. 387–389 388 Recenzii şi note bibliografice 2

Polish summary (p. 131−142); Bibliography from the Black Sea coast and some Roman cities (p. 143−151). (, Tomis, Tropaeum Traiani, Odessos, The source material for the studies presented in etc.) included. A considerable part of the finds Chapter 1 consists of assemblages of glass was examined by the author, during two research production (such as furnaces, “foam” and visits in Romania and more than 80 samples of production waste, fragments of finishing products glasses, mostly unpublished, were provided for and remains from forming the products), for the chemical analyses. Glass fragments have been most part unpublished. A Catalogue of all the glass examined by means of the spectral emission production waste and finished products discussed method combined with the flame photometry in Chapters 1−3 appears in Appendix 1. The results (p. 14−16). The author also presents some of the physico-chemical analyses are presented in controversial research issues concerning glass Appendix 2. chemical composition analyses and glass- The study was conducted as a part of the making organization (p. 16−18). research program of the Institute of Archaeology After the introduction, the author presents and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences the archaeological information at its disposal in Warsaw. It was made possible through Institute according to geographical criteria. For every of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Roman province, the archaeological sites are Academy of Sciences travel grants. Specialist listed and the issues discussed for each of them examination of glasses was completed in the Bio- are workshop remains and technological and Archaeometry Laboratory of the Institute of characteristics of the production remains. There Archaeology and Ethnology in Warsaw. is also a short conclusion for every site and a The present study focuses on technological conclusion for each province (p. 19−78). The characteristics of glass finds from the production analyzed sites are: , Colonia assemblages from Dacia and Lower Moesia. It Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa, reveals not only the influences of different glass- Tibiscum, Apulum, Dierna from Dacia Superior; making traditions, but also the potential links and other centres from Dacia between particular workshops from the Porolissensis; and from Dacia investigated area. The author is also trying to Inferior; Novae, , Iatrus and Nicopolis ad identify the differences between techniques used Istrum, Golemanovo Kale, Tomis, Ibida, Histria, during the Roman domination and those from the Odessos from Moesia Inferior. For every later period. Unfortunately, the study was limited province, there were also introduced into both by the small number of discovered and discussion for comparative purposes glass published materials and by the technological objects from contexts other than production examinations that have been carried out (p. 9−10). assemblages (such as archaeological levels In the introductory part of chapter 1, the during systematic excavations), but suspected to author presents the geographical space and the have been produced at the same archeological chronological framework of the study on one site. The chemical composition for 78 samples hand, and the used research methods and (their descriptions is presented in appendix 1 - procedures on the other. After presenting the catalogue nos. 1−78) coming from some of this area and the timeline of the study, together with sites is presented in Appendix 2 (nos. 1−78). a brief historical outline, the author does not According to the author, the small number of discuss the state of research on glass-making in researched glass workshops influenced Dacia and Lower Moesia, making instead a brief negatively the description of glass production in summary about the local production centers and Dacia and Lower Moesia. Because of the presumed locally made glassware from different reduced quantity of glass artefacts coming from sites. According to the author, production archaeological excavations the analyses in assemblages and local glass products from technological terms are still reduced. Lower Moesia are better known than those from Nevertheless, in general, one can say that both Dacia, although there are important differences provinces had self-sufficient workshops capable between the western Lower Moesia (Novae, of running the full production cycle. Initially, Iatrus, Nicopolis ad Istrum and Oescus) and glass production was organized in small military eastern Lower Moesia, with the Greek cities officinae, like in other Roman provinces, but 3 Recenzii şi note bibliografice 389 there is still not enough evidence for this. Some Mesopotamian-Egyptian and east Syrian glass- workshops are attested in the Greek cities: making tradition. Tomis, Histria and Odessos. In Dacia, only few In Chapter 4, the author presents some glass production centers were discovered: Sarmizegetusa artifacts coming from Sântana de Mureş- Regia, Ulpia Traiana, Tibiscum and Dierna, and Černjachov and the Carpi cultures. They were other two possible at Apulum and Porolissum. discovered in Mogoşani, Pietroasele, Poiana With relatively few glass objects having been Dulceşti and Târgşoru Vechi (appendix 1 - examined technologically, it is difficult to catalogue no. 79−87, and appendix 2, for establish the range of locally made products. chemical analyses, no. 79−87). The typical Even so, a comparison with Lower Moesia forms are cold decorated beakers type E 230 and reveals that, in the latter province, a much larger E 237−238. The discussed group of glass objects assortment of glass objects was found. was undoubtedly made in the Early Byzantine According to the technological studies, two workshops; it is difficult to point out exactly categories can be distinguished: high- where, but definitely not in the Barbaricum. magnesium (HMG) and low-magnesium (LMG) Maybe in some eastern workshops, because they glasses, meaning they were produced with do not present any of the typical features of the different calcium magnesium raw materials, and western products. discolored with manganese exclusively. Because At the end of this short presentation, there of the state of the research, there is no possibility are some observations to make. The chemical to estimate the range of local glass production. composition of glass objects was not analyzed Still, one should assume extensive imports, on a wider scale. The adopted chronology of including the luxurious products. finds was based entirely on determinations made In Chapter 2, some Roman luxury glass for particular sites by other researchers; not all vessels from Dacia and Lower Moesia are the material is precisely dated. Methods of discussed. Some of them have been previously comparative analysis applied by the author can determined as imported glass vessels by the be described as chemical-technological, archaeologists. They are coming from Apulum, Napoca, Micia, Porolissum, Fântânele and developed mainly by researchers from Central Tropaeum Traiani. Most of them are and Eastern Europe, in contrast with the unpublished. They belong to the cold cut types E statistical methods frequently applied by 185, E 216 and related ones, probably used for Western scholars. Even so, it is our opinion that drinking wine. All these colorless glasses were this study will be a good working instrument for produced with the use of high technology, in the archaeologists. which discoloration was performed with the use of antimony and high-alkaline RN: 2.8−3.5. The Adriana Panaite technology in which they were made and their Institutul de Arheologie „Vasile Pârvan”, chemical composition indicate that they were Bucureşti; produced in specialized workshops following the e-mail: [email protected].

390 Recenzii şi note bibliografice 4

ABREVIERI

AARMSI – Analele Academiei Române. Memoriile Secţiunii Istorice, Bucureşti Academica – Academica, Academia Română, Bucureşti ActaMN – Acta Musei Napocensis, Cluj-Napoca ActaMP – Acta Musei Porolissensis, Zalău Acta Siculica – Acta Siculica. A Székely Nemzeti Múzeum AÉ – L’Année Épigraphique, Paris Aegeum – Annales d’Archéologie égéenne de l’Université de Liège AEM – Archäologisch-Epigraphische Mitteilungen aus Osterreich-Ungarn, Viena AIHV – Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre AIIA Iaşi – Anuarul Institutului de Istorie şi Arheologie, Iaşi AIIN – Anuarul Institutului de Istorie Naţională, Sibiu AISC – Anuarul Institutului de Studii Clasice, Cluj AJA – American Journal of Archaeology, Boston AmerAnt – American Antiquity, Washington, D.C. AmerAnthropol – American Anthropology, Washington, D.C. Angustia – Angustia, Arheologie – Etnografie, Sf. Gheorghe ANRW – H. Temporini, W. Haase (eds.), Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt, Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschungen, Berlin – New York, 1970– AnŞUIaşi – Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al.I. Cuza”, Iaşi AO – Arhivele Olteniei, Craiova Apulum – Acta Musei Apulensis, series Archaeologica et Anthropologica, ArchBulg – Archaeologia Bulgarica, Sofia ArchÉrt – Archaeologiai Értesitő, Budapesta ArchKözl – Archaeologiai Közlemények, Budapest/Budapesta ArchWarszawa – Archeologia. Rocznik IHKM, Varşovia Argesis – Argesis, Muzeul Judeţean Argeş BAR – British Archaeological Reports, Oxford BAR IntSer – British Archaeological Reports. International Series, Oxford BCMI - Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice, Bucureşti BÉ – Bulletin Épigraphique, Paris BerRGK – Berichte der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Arhaölogischen Instituts, Frankfurt am Main BMA – Bibliotheca Memoriae Antiquitatis, Piatra Neamţ BMI – Buletinul Monumentelor Istorice, Bucureşti BMJT – Buletinul Muzeului Judeţean Teleorman, Alexandria Brukenthal. Acta Musei – Brukenthal Acta Musei, Muzeul Naţional Brukenthal, Sibiu BSNR – Buletinul Societăţii Numismatice Române, Bucureşti Bucureştii – Bucureştii. Revista Muzeului Municipiului Bucureşti, Bucureşti CA – Cercetări Arheologice, Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României, Bucureşti CAJ – Cambridge Archaeological Journal, Cambridge Carpica – Carpica, Complexul muzeal „Iulian Antonescu”, Bacău

SCIVA, tomul 66, nr. 3–4, Bucureşti, 2015, p. 391–393 392 Abrevieri 2

CCA – Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice din România, Bucureşti CEpR – C.C. Petolescu, Cronica Epigrafică a României, SCIVA, Bucureşti CGLBI – E. Schallmayer, K. Eibl, J. Ott, G. Preuss, E. Wittkopf, Der römische Weihebezirk von Osterburken I: Corpus der griechischen und lateinischen Beneficiarier-Inschriften des Römischen Reiches, Stuttgart, 1990 Chiron – Mitteilungen der Kommission für Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, München CIL – Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin, 1863– CIMRM – J.M. Vermaseren, Corpus Inscriptionum et Monumentorum Religionis Mithriacae, 2 vol. 1956–1960 Classica et Christiana – Classica et Christiana, Centrul de Studii Clasice şi Creştine al Facultăţii de Istorie a Universităţii „Al.I. Cuza”, Iaşi Cota Zero – Cota Zero. Revista d’arqueologia i ciència. Universitat Central de Catalunya Dacia – Dacia. Recherches et Découvertes Archéologiques en Roumanie, Bucureşti; serie nouă N.S. (nouvelle série); Revue d'Archéologie et d'Histoire Ancienne, Bucureşti DID, I – Din istoria Dobrogei, vol. I, D.M. Pippidi, D. Berciu, Geţi şi greci la Dunărea de Jos din cele mai vechi timpuri până la cucerirea romană, Bucureşti, 1965 Documenta Praehistorica – Documenta Praehistorica, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology Drobeta – Drobeta, Muzeul Regiunii Porţilor de Fier, Drobeta–Turnu Severin EphemNap – Ephemeris Napocensis, Cluj–Napoca ErdMúz – Erdélyi Múzeum, Cluj Estonian Journal of Archaeology - Estonian Journal of Archaeology, Talin – Germania. Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Institut, Berlin Histria Antiqua – Histria Antiqua, Institut društvenih znanosti IVO PILAR, Zagreb IDR – Inscripţiile Daciei Romane, Bucureşti IDRE – Constantin C. Petolescu, Inscriptions externes concernant l’histoire de la Dacie I–II, Bucureşti, 1996–2000 IGLR – Emilian Popescu, Inscripţiile greceşti şi latine din secolele IV–XIII descoperite în România, Bucureşti, 1976 ILB – B. Gerov, Inscriptiones Latinae in Bulgaria Repertae, Sofia, 1989 ILD – C.C. Petolescu, Inscripţii latine din Dacia, Bucureşti, 2005 ILS – H. Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae I–III, Berlin, 1892–1916 INHA – Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art, Paris ISM – Inscripţiile din , Bucureşti IzvestijaVarna – Izvestija na Narodnija Muzej Varna, Varna J Anthropol Archaeol – Journal of Anthropological Archaeology J Archaeol Method Th – Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory J.Archaeol.Sci – Journal of Archaeological Sciences, London – New York JÖAI – Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts, Viena Libri – Libri. International Journal of Libraries and Information Services Marisia – Marisia. Muzeul Judeţean Mureş MCA (Materiale) – Materiale şi Cercetări Arheologice, Bucureşti MN – Muzeul Naţional, Bucureşti Mousaios – Mousaios. Muzeul Judeţean Buzău, Buzău Muzeul Oltului – Muzeul Oltului, Muzeul Judeţean Olt, Slatina Pontica – Pontica. Studii şi materiale de istorie, arheologie şi muzeografie, Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie, Constanţa PPS – Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Cambridge PZ – Prähistorische Zeitschrift, Leipzig – Berlin RÉ – Revue Épigraphique 3 Abrevieri 393

Revista Bistriţei – Revista Bistriţei, Bistriţa RFR – Revista Fundaţiilor Regale, Bucureşti RIU – Römische Inschriften Ungarns, Budapest RMD – M.M. Roxan, Roman Military Diplomas, Londra, 1978, 1985 Rom Rep Phys – Romanian Reports in Physics, București RPAN – Revista de Preistorie şi Antichităţi Naţionale, Bucureşti SAA – Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, Iaşi Sargetia – Sargetia, Acta Musei regionalis Devensis, Deva SCIV(A) – Studii şi Cercetări de Istorie Veche şi Arheologie, Bucureşti SCN – Studii şi Cercetări Numismatice, Bucureşti SEG – Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Leiden, 1923– SP – Studii de Preistorie, Bucureşti Starinar – Starinar, Belgrad StCl – Studii Clasice, Bucureşti StCŞCluj – Studii şi Cercetări Ştiinţifice, Cluj StUnivCluj – Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj – Suceava. Anuarul Muzeului Bucovinei, Suceava Tibiscum – Tibiscum. Acta Musei Carasebesiensis. Muzeul Judeţean de Etnografie şi al Regimentului de graniţă Caransebeş Tyche – Tyche. Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Viena – Ziridava. Studia Archaeologica, Arad ZPE – Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bonn

394 Abrevieri 2