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El Paso De Los Andes, Camino a Través De Cuatro Cordilleras. Conferencia
;V'-- ' ■ ' ’S ■>^; 'SíA-v . MUSEO HISTÓRICO NACIONAL , rí^r..,-- Núm. XII EL PASO DE LOS ANDES, CAMIÑO A TRAVES DE CUATRO CORDILLERAS CONFERENCIA PRONUNCIADA EL 17 DE AGOSTO DE 1948 PO K EL Dr. EDUARDO ACEVEDO DÍAZ /I’ PRECEDIDA POR EL DISCURSO DEL DIRECTOR DEL MUSEO £ HISTÓRICO NACIONAL, PROFESOR DON ANTONIO APRAIZ u^ A ■Ñ 1?^?l ■ 1 9 4 8 TALLERES GRAFICOS “ VIGOR’^ BUENOS AIRES ÜEX BICC T S-6019 Biblioteca de la Universidad de Extremadura Biblioteca de la Universidad de Extremadura , ¿ r ür ^^10 EL PASO DE I-OS ANDES, CAMINO A TRAVÉS DE CUATRO CORDILLERAS a: I r A A jNIVERSIDflD .n£. EXTREnflBUafl. Biblioteca de la Universidad de Extremadura 7l'ZD2000"563972' D IS rRIF.UC10x\ GRATUITA TaUeres Gráficos “ Vigor", Ahina j 7j , Buenos Aires. Diciembre )0 de I9Í9. Biblioteca de la Universidad de Extremadura Presidente de la Nación G eneral J uan P erón Secretario de Educación l’ ROFESOR D octor O scar I vanissevich Subsecretario de Cultura Sr. A ntonio P. C astro COMISION NACIONAL de MUSEOS y de MONUMENTOS Y LUGARES HISTORICOS Presidente D r . Eduardo A cevf.do D íaz Vocales Señor Director del Museo Histórico Nacional P rofesor D on A ntonio A praiz Señor Director Interino del Museo Histórico Sarmiento D on G u illerm o A im o Señor Director del Museo Mitre D on J uan A ngel F arini Teniente C oronel José Ignacio Iturralde Señor Interventor de la Dirección Nacional de Arquitectura G eneral de D ivisión R odolfo M artínez P ita Señor Director de la Biblioteca Nacional D r . -
VOCALS Site Survey Report
VOCALS Site Survey 30 September – 12 October 2007 Arica, Iquique, Santiago, Chile Brigitte Baeuerle, Henry Boynton, Bob Hannigan, José Meitín, Vidal Salazar, Rob Wood, Pete Daum, Juan Aravena GENERAL INFORMATION: Area 756,950 sq. km Population: 16,284,741 (2007 estimate) Government Type Republic President Michelle Bachelet Jeria Capital City Santiago GDP per capita $12,600 Unemployment Rate 7.8% Life expectancy 77 years Infant Mortality Rate 8.36 death / 1000 life births Currency unit Peso Highest point 22,572 ft (Nevado Ojos del Salado) Main cities Concepción, Viña del Mar, Valparaiso National Holiday Independence Day, 18 September OVERVIEW Chile is unique for its very long (2,650 miles) and comparatively narrow (maximum 250 miles) shape and for its great variety of natural features. It extends from latitudes 18 to 56 degrees south and contains one of the driest regions in the world and one of the wettest areas in South America. It is bound on the north by Peru, on the northeast by Bolivia, on its long eastern border (3,200 miles) by Argentina and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. In its economy and public services, Chile is one of the most developed countries in the Andean region. Climate: Extending over 38 degrees of latitude, from the tropics to the vicinity of Antarctica, and from sea level to altitudes of over 20,000 feet, Chile has a wide variety of climatic conditions. Extreme aridity prevails over the northern part of the country; the average annual rainfall in this region is 0.04 inches. Temperatures are moderate along the coast throughout the year and more extreme inland, especially in the central basin. -
And Gas-Based Geochemical Prospecting Of
Water- and gas-based geochemical prospecting of geothermal reservoirs in the Tarapacà and Antofagasta regions of northern Chile Tassi, F.1, Aguilera, F.2, Vaselli, O.1,3, Medina, E.2, Tedesco, D.4,5, Delgado Huertas, A.6, Poreda, R.7 1) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy 2) Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Angamos 0610, 1280, Antofagasta, Chile 3) CNR-IGG Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy 4)Department of Environmental Sciences, 2nd University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy 5) CNR-IGAG National Research Council, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geo-Engineering, Pzz.e A. Moro, 00100 Roma, Italy. 6) CSIS Estacion Experimental de Zaidin, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain. 7) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 227 Hutchinson Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.. Studied area The Andean Central Volcanic Zone, which runs parallel the Central Andean Cordillera crossing from North to This study is mainly focused on the geochemical characteristics of water and gas South the Tarapacà and Antofagasta regions of northern Chile, consists of several volcanoes that have shown phases of thermal fluids discharging in several geothermal areas of northern Chile historical and present activity (e.g. Tacora, Guallatiri, Isluga, Ollague, Putana, Lascar, Lastarria). Such an intense (Fig. 1); volcanism is produced by the subduction process thrusting the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. The anomalous geothermal gradient related to the geodynamic assessment of this extended area gives El Tatio, Apacheta, Surire, Puchuldiza-Tuya also rise to intense geothermal activity not necessarily associated with the volcanic structures. -
Lpzsttz Et Al Final Ms.Pdf
Lithium and Brine Geochemistry in the Salars of the Southern Puna, Andean Plateau of Argentina Romina Lucrecia Lopez Steinmetz, Stefano Salvi, Carisa Sarchi, Carla Santamans, Lorena Cecilia Lopez Steinmetz To cite this version: Romina Lucrecia Lopez Steinmetz, Stefano Salvi, Carisa Sarchi, Carla Santamans, Lorena Cecilia Lopez Steinmetz. Lithium and Brine Geochemistry in the Salars of the Southern Puna, Andean Plateau of Argentina. Economic Geology, Society of Economic Geologists, 2020, 115, pp.1079 - 1096. 10.5382/econgeo.4754. hal-02989895 HAL Id: hal-02989895 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02989895 Submitted on 5 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Lithium and Brine Geochemistry in the Salars of the Southern Puna, 2 Andean Plateau of Argentina 3 4 Romina Lucrecia López Steinmetz 1 *, Stefano Salvi 2 , Carisa Sarchi 1 , Carla Santamans 1 , 5 Lorena Cecilia López Steinmetz 3 6 7 1 CONICET (INECOA), Instituto de Geología y Minería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Av. 8 Bolivia 1661, S.S. de Jujuy 4600, Argentina 9 2 Université de Toulouse, CNRS, GET, IRD, OMP, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, 10 France 11 3 Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-UNC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de 12 Córdoba, Boulevard de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo s/n., 2do piso, Córdoba 5000, 13 Argentina 14 * corresponding author: [email protected] 15 16 Abstract 17 The Andean plateau is a small region of South America extending between northwest 18 Argentina, southwest Bolivia and northern Chile. -
Regiones Extremas Chilenas Y Su Invisibilidad Económica*
Volumen XIV / N° 2 / julio-diciembre 2014 / pp. 187-216 Regiones extremas chilenas y su invisibilidad económica* Economic invisibility of Chile’s end regions Sergio Soza-Amigo** Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile Loreto Correa*** Academia Nacional de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos, Santiago, Chile Recibido: 23 de diciembre de 2013. Aprobado: 18 de agosto de 2014. Resumen En este artículo se constata que las zonas extremas de Chile no poseen una estructura que viabilice un modelo de desarrollo homogéneo respecto a las demás regiones, y que dichas diferencias se manifiestan en sus composiciones demográficas y económicas. La hipótesis central de este trabajo es que las regiones extremas del norte y sur-austral son prácticamente invisibles en el contexto económico nacional. Además, se advierte a través de un análisis input-output, que en el desarrollo endógeno de ambas regiones extremas, Arica y Parinacota no es capaz de generar recursos para satisfacer sus propias necesida- des de desarrollo, y que Magallanes y Antártica Chilena al menos ha construido su base económica de manera más formal y diversificada. Palabras clave: regiones extremas, Chile, siglo XXI. * Se reconocen y agradecen los financiamientos entregados por Fondecyt, por medio del proyecto N° 1120405: “Entre el conflicto y el aislamiento: desarrollo, gobernabilidad y seguridad en las zonas fronterizas del norte y el sur de Chile a comienzos del siglo XXI”, así como la colaboración de la licenciada Cinthia Avellaneda Vera. Informamos que una versión preliminar y complementaria de esta investigación fue publicada en la Revista ESD (“Políticas públicas y gobernabilidad en las zonas extremas de Chile 2010-2012”, 1, 17-42) y en XIV Reunión de Economía Mundial, Universidad de Jaen, España, 2011. -
Binational Study of the Transboundary San Pedro Aquifer
BINATIONAL STUDY OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY SAN PEDRO AQUIFER Final Report 2016 AUTHORITY This study was carried out by the United States and Mexico in accordance with resolution 6 of Minute 242 of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico (IBWC) entitled “Permanent and Definitive Solution to the International Problem of the Salinity of the Colorado River”, dated August 30, 1973; and the "Joint Report of the Principal Engineers Regarding the Joint Cooperative Process United States- Mexico for the Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program”, dated August 19, 2009. FUNDING The funding for this study came from the United States Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program and Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program, the University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center and Technology Research and Initiative Fund, Mexico's National Water Commission, and the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico. PARTICIPATING AGENCIES International Boundary and Water Commission United States and Mexico For Mexico: National Water Commission University of Sonora For the United States: United States Geological Survey The University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center Authors: J.B. Callegary, I. Minjárez Sosa, E.M. Tapia Villaseñor, P. dos Santos, R. Monreal Saavedra, F.J. Grijalva Noriega, A.K. Huth, F. Gray, C.A. Scott, L.A. Oroz Ramos, S.B. Megdal, M. Rangel Medina, J.M. Leenhouts Suggested Citation: Callegary, J.B., Minjárez Sosa, I., Tapia Villaseñor, E.M., dos Santos, P., Monreal Saavedra, R., Grijalva Noriega, F.J., Huth, A.K., Gray, F., Scott, C.A., Megdal, S.B., Oroz Ramos, L.A., Rangel Medina, M., Leenhouts, J.M., 2016, San Pedro River Aquifer Binational Report: International Boundary and Water Commission BINATIONAL STUDY GROUP For the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico: - Edward Drusina, Commissioner, United States Section - John L. -
Chile Doing As the “Gateway”? Can It Strengthen This Function? How? 2
11 DISTRIBUTION AND LOGISTICS This chapter will focus on two main subjects: 1. “Gateway”—How is Chile doing as the “gateway”? Can it strengthen this function? How? 2. Logistics for export and import—How are goods transported and distributed in Chile? What are remaining problems? The first subject will place Chile in the international perspectives. The second subject will concentrate on Chile’s domestic systems. 11.1 Chile as the “Gateway”: International Distribution 11.1.1 International Cargo Movements through the “Gateway” Chile’s function as the “gateway” is already a real one though it is still limited in terms of cargo volume. Figure 11.1.1 is reproduced here (originally Figure 10.2.6, Chapter 10) to indicate the extent of that function. As is seen, transit cargos as a whole only account for a fraction of total international movements.1 It is also evident that most of the transit cargos go through the North Zone, to and from Bolivia primarily. The annual total volume of transit cargos (880,000 tons westbound and 510,000 tons eastbound) may be still insignificant compared with Chile’s total handling volumes. Nonetheless, this present picture clearly illustrates a promising possibility that Chile should pursue: its “gateway” function can expand further. To demonstrate this, Chile’s current position in the international distribution and transportation networks particularly with neighboring countries will be reviewed in following sections. 11.1.2 Macro-Region Andina “Macro-region Andina” is a notion proposed and pursued by authorities concerned in Region I. Without any definite boundaries, it roughly covers an area encompassing the southern part of Peru, most of Bolivia, northern part of Argentina, part of Paraguay, and the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul of Brazil. -
Final Copy 2021 03 23 Ituarte
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Ituarte, Lia S Title: Exploring differential erosion patterns using volcanic edifices as a proxy in South America General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Exploring differential erosion patterns using volcanic edifices as a proxy in South America Lia S. Ituarte A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for award of the degree of Master by Research in the Faculty of Science, School of Earth Sciences, October 2020. -
Climatic Characteristics of the Semi-Arid Coquimbo Region in Chile
Journal of Arid Environments 126 (2016) 7e11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arid Environments journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv Climatic characteristics of the semi-arid Coquimbo Region in Chile * S. Montecinos a, b, , J.R. Gutierrez c, d, e,F.Lopez-Cort es c,D.Lopez d a Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Juan Cisternas 1200, La Serena, Chile b Centro Estudio Recursos de Energía, Universidad Arturo Prat (CERE-UNAP), Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique, Chile c Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitran 1305, La Serena, Chile d Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Raúl Bitran 1305, La Serena, Chile e Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile article info abstract Article history: The climate of the Coquimbo Region, north-central Chile is driven by atmospheric, oceanic and Received 17 December 2014 orographic factors. The southeast Pacific anticyclone, the cold Humboldt Current and the rugged Received in revised form topography that characterize the zone, determine thermally induced wind regimes and the formation of 5 May 2015 low stratocumulus along the coastline. Low precipitation and high solar radiation cause important cli- Accepted 30 September 2015 matic altitudinal gradients, especially on temperature and humidity, thus different climatic areas can be Available online 17 October 2015 identified in the region. We summarized the general climatic characteristics of the study area and analyzed meteorological data to understand the behavior of the environmental variables. We used Keywords:: Atmospheric modeling mesoscale modeling to evaluate the spatial characteristics of the mean air temperature, humidity and Semi-arid zones wind. -
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Assessment of high enthalpy geothermal resources and promising areas of Chile Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s55q609 Authors Aravena, D Muñoz, M Morata, D et al. Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.09.001 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Assessment of high enthalpy geothermal resources and promising areas of Chile Author links open overlay panel DiegoAravena ab MauricioMuñoz ab DiegoMorata ab AlfredoLahsen ab Miguel ÁngelParada ab PatrickDobson c Show more https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.09.001 Get rights and content Highlights • We ranked geothermal prospects into measured, Indicated and Inferred resources. • We assess a comparative power potential in high-enthalpy geothermal areas. • Total Indicated and Inferred resource reaches 659 ± 439 MWe divided among 9 areas. • Data from eight additional prospects suggest they are highly favorable targets. • 57 geothermal areas are proposed as likely future development targets. Abstract This work aims to assess geothermal power potential in identified high enthalpy geothermal areas in the Chilean Andes, based on reservoir temperature and volume. In addition, we present a set of highly favorable geothermal areas, but without enough data in order to quantify the resource. Information regarding geothermal systems was gathered and ranked to assess Indicated or Inferred resources, depending on the degree of confidence that a resource may exist as indicated by the geoscientific information available to review. Resources were estimated through the USGS Heat in Place method. A Monte Carlo approach is used to quantify variability in boundary conditions. -
LEGAL PROTECTION for NORTHERN CHILEAN WETLANDS (VEGAS and BOFEDALES) María Angélica ALEGRIA CALVO1 , Adrián LILLO ZENTENO2 1Hydraulic Civil Engineer
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR NORTHERN CHILEAN WETLANDS (VEGAS AND BOFEDALES) María Angélica ALEGRIA CALVO1 , Adrián LILLO ZENTENO2 1Hydraulic Civil Engineer. Chief Engineer of the Water Resources Evaluation Area Direccion General de Aguas. Calle Estado Nº 10, Office 1501, Santiago, Phones: 56 2 6398941/ 6339940, Fax: 56 2 6339952 [email protected] , [email protected] http://www.dga.cl 2Civil Engineer. Water Resources Evaluation Area. Direccion General de Aguas. Estado Nº 10, Office 1501, Santiago, Phones: 56 2 6398941/ 6339940, Fax: 56 2 6339952. [email protected] http://www.dga.cl Abstract For centuries, indigenous communities from Northern Chile managed natural resources and environment on a sustainable basis. Their holistic understanding and knowledge is noteworthy, specially in regard to the northern wetlands of Chile called Bofedales. Due to pressure to get water rights for nonagricultural uses (mining, water consumption, etc.) over these wetlands, people started to drain them with the consequent loss of associated flora and wild fauna as well as reducing the power of ancestral rights of indigenous communities on natural resources (included water), putting at risk the sustainability and survival of both local populations and wetlands on which they depend. In 1992 the Water Law of 1981was changed to prohibit any groundwater exploration and exploitation of aquifers feeding these wetlands. Since 1996, the northern wetlands are thus legally protected: 303 wetlands and their 176 aquifers, covering a total surface of 3500 km2. Studies are going on and more wetlands are likely to be protected in the near future. 1 INTRODUCTION The Water Law established in Chile in 1981 radically changed the system of water rights previously prevailing in the Country by strengthening private property rights, favoring market incentives, and reducing state regulation. -
Rethinking the Tiwanaku Phenomenon in San Pedro De
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 9-2014 Rethinking the Tiwanaku Phenomenon in San Pedro de Atacama Through the Study of Textiles of Solcor 3 and Their Associated Contexts (400-1000 AD) Carolina Aguero Universidad Católica del Norte, [email protected] Mauricio Uribe Universidad de Chile Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Part of the Art and Design Commons, and the Art Practice Commons Aguero, Carolina and Uribe, Mauricio, "Rethinking the Tiwanaku Phenomenon in San Pedro de Atacama Through the Study of Textiles of Solcor 3 and Their Associated Contexts (400-1000 AD)" (2014). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 934. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/934 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Rethinking the Tiwanaku Phenomenon in San Pedro de Atacama Through the Study of Textiles of Solcor 3 and Their Associated Contexts (400-1000 AD) Carolina Agüero1 and Mauricio Uribe2 In this opportunity we will talk about the Tiwanaku problematic in San Pedro de Atacama because the interpretations so far are not substantial, and also now we have new information which forces us to rethink this phenomenon. The current state of the investigation keeps a conservative and hegemonic idea about the relation between both entities giving us simple explanations about the social complexity, in which the History of San Pedro depends on the existence of Tiwanaku and the social development of a State project.