CT6 3.6L V-6 All-new, advanced 3.6L V-6 to drive Cadillac CT6

BY DAVE HAGEN PHOTOS BY

An all-new 3.6L V-6 debuted in the 2016 Cadillac CT6, setting benchmarks for efficiency, refinement and durability in the brand’s range- topping large luxury performance . The clean-sheet engine design is the fourth generation of GM’s acclaimed DOHC V-6 engine family and incorporates new features, including Active Fuel Management (AFM) ( deactivation) and stop/start technology to enhance fuel economy up to a General Motors’ estimated 9% when compared to the previous HF engine. GM’s efforts earned them a coveted Ward’s Ten Best award in 2016. Noise-reducing features, including an all-new drive system, contribute to the new 3.6L being up to 4 dB quieter at idle and under low load driving conditions than the competitions benchmark Infiniti 3.7L V-6 engine. It also advances performance and fuel economy-optimizing The all-new 3.6L V6 for the upcoming Cadillac CT6 technologies introduced on previous generations, including incorporates new features, including cylinder deactivation direct injection and continuously . Output and stop/start technology to improve fuel economy. is SAE certified at 335 horsepower (250 kW) and 284 lb-ft of torque (385 Nm). With an efficiency-enhancing stop/start system, the engine GM’s Active Fuel Management system temporarily is shut down in certain driving conditions such as stop-and-go deactivates two of the 3.6L’s cylinders in light-load driving city driving to reduce fuel consumption, automatically restarting conditions to enhance and seamlessly reactivates when the driver takes his or her foot off the brake pedal. them when the driver demands full power. (continued)

58 JULY-SEPT 2018 engine professional CADILLAC CT6 3.6L V-6 BY DAVE HAGEN

Additional engine highlights include: higher-flow heads to support the new engine’s greater output. A • Stronger, stiffer aluminum block with increased structure in one piece engine cover mounts atop the manifold for exceptional the bulkheads for superior rigidity noise isolation • Tough, refined rotating assembly with a stiff forged-steel In addition to the CT6, the 2016 Cadillac ATS and CTS crankshaft, friction-reducing polymer-coated pistons and strong will offer the all-new 3.6L, where they are expected to lead high-copper-content, sinter-forged connecting rods their respective segments in fuel economy and non-boosted V-6 • New four-cam phasing system with intermediate park power. And, a new 3.0L twin-turbocharged engine based on the technology that enhances efficiency by enabling late inlet valve same architecture will be offered on the CT6. closing in certain conditions • All-new, patented “targeted” cooling system that Stronger, quieter foundation provides strategic cooling of the engine’s hottest areas while Not to be confused with the previous 3.6L HF engines from simultaneously fostering faster warm-up to enhance efficiency 2004-2016, it will certainly keep parts suppliers on their toes as • New, higher-flow cylinder heads that enhance direct many components are different. Structurally, the all-new 3.6L injection performance and feature integrated exhaust manifolds V-6 is like the proven, award-winning design of the previous • Revised, simplified timing drive system with cushioned V-6 HF engine, which includes an aluminum, deep-skirt cylinder chain sprockets contributing to quieter engine operation block. • All-new lubrication system with a variable-displacement, • The optimal 60-degree cylinder angle is retained, with two-stage oil pump that enhances efficiency. It is located inside the bore size enlarged from 94.000 mm to 95.000 mm and the the oil pan, which contributes to greater noise abatement bore centers stretched from 103.000 mm to 106.000 mm. The • Camshaft drive: all-new, with a simpler design featuring cylinder block features six-bolt main bearing caps and inter-bay two chains and six sprockets vs. the previous three chains breather vents that enhance power and oil flow management. and nine sprockets, with lower chain loads, which enhances • A larger crankshaft bore diameter and wider bearing cap durability. The lower tension of the chain drive, along with bulkheads in the block provide higher main bearing load- cushioned ring sprockets, also reduces noise and vibration. carrying capability. The block also accommodates larger, 12.000 • High-flow intake manifold and acoustic cover: the mm cylinder head bolts to provide greater clamping strength for lightweight composite intake manifold offers greater airflow the engine’s higher output. capability than the current 3.6L engine, which matches with the (continued)

60 JULY-SEPT 2018 engine professional CADILLAC CT6 3.6L V-6 BY DAVE HAGEN

• The crankshaft is forged from 1538MV steel and inherently stiffer than a conventional cast-iron crankshaft, REGIS NEW PRODUCTS contributing significantly to the engine’s smoothness, quietness Horsepower hp (kw) @ rpm and durability. 2016+ Cadillac ATS 335 hp (250 kW) @ 6800 rpm • Attached to the crankshaft are high-strength connecting 2016+ Cadillac CTS 335 hp (250 kW) @ 6800 rpm DiamonD VaLVE GuiDE rods and pistons. The rods are sinter-forged and composed 2016-2018 Cadillac CT6 335 hp (250 kW) @ 6800 rpm of a high-copper alloy that stands up to high heat and resists Slide Hammer honinG systEm 2017+ Cadillac XT5 310 hp (231.1 kW) @ 6600 rpm bending, while the polymer-coated hypereutectic pistons are ValVe Seal Puller Wide-range, interchangeable hone designed to minimize friction, allowing for a tighter piston-to- 2017+ GMC Acadia 310 hp (231.1 kW) @ 6600 rpm mandrels cover from 4.9mm (.193") to bore clearance that results in quieter operation. Rapidly and efficiently remove valve 13.99mm (.551"). Just 2 mandrels cover Torque lb.-ft. (Nm) @ rpm • The new 3.6L V-6 also incorporates oil-spray piston stem seals. Replaceable collets grip from 7.9mm (.311") to 10mm (.393"). seals tightly from bottom for removal cooling, which helps reduce noise, lower combustion 2016+ Cadillac ATS 285 hp (386 kW) @ 5300 rpm without guide damage. Aggressive diamond abrasive provides temperatures and enhance durability by drenching the underside 2016+ Cadillac CTS 285 hp (386 kW) @ 5300 rpm rapid stock removal coupled with long SP-101 small, for multi-valve engines of each piston and the surrounding cylinder wall in an extra 2016+ Cadillac CT6 285 hp (386 kW) @ 5300 rpm abrasive life. The ONLY efficient way to size SP-102 for larger seals layer of cooling, friction-reducing engine oil. 2017+ Cadillac XT5 271 hp (365.9 kW) @ 5000 rpm bronze or hardened guides. Long length abrasive inserts keep guide bores straight. Continuously variable valve timing with 2017+ GMC Acadia 271 hp (365.9 kW) @ 5000 rpm intermediate park feature Mandrel driver flex drive with built in limit Camshaft phasing allows the greatest variances in valve timing ValVe Seat ring stops provides better mandrel control. to make the most of power and efficiency. The new 3.6L V-6 “Whipping” of the mandrel is prevented even when rotated outside a guide bore. engine takes that technology to the next level with intermediate Intermediate park technology, which incorporates an exPanding mandrelS park technology for the intake camshaft phasers. intermediate-lock intake variable valve timing cam phaser, These mandrels are a valuable lathe Because optimal part-load efficiency requires retarding the allows the to be parked at the most favorable position for accessory and provide the capability intake cams to reduce pumping losses, the effect also reduces the cold starting, while expanding the amount of intake cam retard to cut seat rings to any desired OD or effective compression ratio, which affects the engine’s cold-start for other conditions by adding another 20 degrees of intake depth. With these mandrels, “blank” REGIS BEnchtop valve seats may be custom turned performance. Conventional cam phasing system authority is phaser authority. This enhances fuel efficiency and reduces to fit seat counterbores that are still honInG StatIon limited by how far the intake cams can be retarded in the parked emissions. serviceable but non-standard sizes. Provides quick, organized This system position without affecting cold starting. (continued) RSC-0 14MM/.551" to 26MM/1.024" access to the diamond provides honing RSC-1 22MM/.866" to 38MM/1.50" honing system, as well as oil flow required RSC-2 35MM/.1.38" to 49MM/1.93" storage and “drain back” for proper use of area for mandrels diamond abrasives. after use. Part #HS-1

REGIS MFG. CO. INC. CALL TOLL-FREE PO Box 152900, Dallas, TX 75315-2900 Phone: 800-527-7604 / 214-421-5171 (800) 527-7604 Fax: 800-535-8414 / 214-565-1704 Check out our new website! www.regismanufacturing.com

62 JULY-SEPT 2018 engine professional CADILLAC CT6 3.6L V-6 BY DAVE HAGEN

Targeted cooling system Unlike conventional systems, which force coolant flow from the front of the block to the back, the new 3.6L’s patented targeted cooling system sends coolant simultaneously to each water jacket in the heads and block. This new, parallel-flow design maximizes heat extraction in the area of the upper deck, intake and exhaust valve bridges in the heads and integrated exhaust manifold with a minimal amount of coolant. Specialty Tools for the The result is more even and consistent cooling, which enhances performance, and faster engine Engine Builder warmup, which improves cold-start efficiency and • REGIS: Engine Rebuilding Supplies reduces emissions. Additionally, the strategic sizing of the coolant • GOODSON: Engine Rebuilding Supplies jackets in the head and the block reduces the cooling • SIlvER SEal: Engine Rebuilding Supplies system thermal inertia, allowing the use of a smaller • ROTTlER: Total Engine Rebuilding Equipment water pump, which requires about 50 percent less power to drive, enhancing fuel efficiency and even • SERDI: Guide and Seat Machines and Tooling allowing a lower overall height of the cylinder block. • KWIK-WaY: Valve Grinders, Seat Grinding, Tooling • IRONTITE: Crack Detection and Repair, New cylinder head design Diesel injection Repair An all-new cylinder head design builds on the airflow attributes of the prior V-6 HF, supporting a • SPRaY WaSH & HOT TaNK POWDER: broader power band that ensures excellent low-rpm Specialized for Engine and Trans Builders torque, for strong power at take-off, and excellent • NOCO lUBRICaNTS: airflow at high-rpm, for greater horsepower. Honing Oils, Grinding and Cutting Coolants Engineers achieved that through increased • ClaSSIC ENGINE SUPPlIES: in-cylinder mixture motion, a faster burn rate of Bronze Guide Liners and Tooling the air-fuel mixture and attributes that took full • DURa-BOND: Valve Seats advantage of the new intermediate park cam phasing system. • UlTRa SONIC: Thickness Testers, Cleaning Systems • CRaNKSHaFT POlISHING BElTS: Aluminum Oxide and Cork Belts • FlYWHEEl GRINDING: Stones, CBN Wheels • SURFaCING BElTS, GRINDING BElTS • BalaNCING SUPPlIES • CBN & PCD CUTTERS www.sandhack.com

Cut-away of Exhaust Ports

Highlights from previous design include: • The intake valves are 6 percent larger, resulting in a 5-percent increase in flow capacity and a significant 25 percent increase in in-cylinder mixture motion. • The exhaust valves are also 6 percent larger, for a 10-percent increase in flow capacity. Toll-free 800-893-2912 • The injector angle was increased from 22 degrees to 24 degrees, which helps reduce emissions Claus sandhaCk 604-728-8359 and oil dilution. [email protected] • The adoption of a smaller, 12mm spark plug Ron McMoRRis 604-644-2578 (vs. the previous 14mm plug) allows it to be more [email protected] centrally located in the cylinder for improved flame propagation and greater light-load efficiency. Unit 20 1833 Coast Meridian Rd, Port Coquitlam B.C. V3C 6G5

64 JULY-SEPT 2018 engine professional • A design to promote in- cylinder mixture motion, achieve a faster burn rate and increase dilution tolerance to take full advantage of the intermediate park cam phasing system. The new head design also has improved combustion chamber cooling enabled by the patented targeted cooling system, which reduces the chance for knock and enhance high-load efficiency. An integrated exhaust manifold rounds out the head’s features, saving weight over a conventional, separate head/exhaust manifold assembly.

Direct injection and Active Fuel Management The all-new 3.6L V-6 continues to employ direct to make the most of efficiency and performance. Along with the placement of the fuel injector in the combustion chamber, the piston top is carefully shaped to promote a through mix of the air and fuel, and direct the fuel spray to ensure a more complete combustion. A higher-capacity engine-driven fuel pump supports the higher output of the new engine and contributes better fuel atomization, which enhances performance, and reduced emissions. Active Fuel Management, also known as cylinder deactivation or displacement on-demand, imperceptibly shuts down the No. 2 and No. 5 cylinders in certain light-load driving conditions to save fuel.

Refinement and durability A number of new and enhanced features are designed to make the all-new 3.6L V-6 one of the industry’s quietest, smoothest and most durable engines: • Oiling system – It’s all-new and features a dual-pressure-control and variable-displacement vane pump that enhances efficiency by optimizing oil TCI 1201HD pressure as a function of engine speed. The oil pump Ferrous Metal Hot Aqueous is relocated beneath the cylinder block, inside the oil Immersion Degreaser, Rust, Scale pan, contributing to the engine’s smoother, quieter and Corrosion Inhibitor (Powder) operation. TCI 1205HD • Two-piece structural oil pan – For stiffness and strength, the oil pan features an aluminum structural Multi-Metal, Non-Foaming, Hot Aqueous upper section. A stamped steel lower section provides Cabinet Jet Wash, Degreaser, Rust, Scale, optimal noise-absorption characteristics, for quieter Paint Stripper and Corrosion Inhibitor (Powder) performance. TCI 107HD • Two-stage PCV system – This revolutionary Semi-Conductive, Ultra-Purity, Aliphatic system maintains low oil consumption. If features a Parts Cleaning Solvent (61°C Flash Point) pre-separator between the block and the engine’s rear cover and a high-efficiency separator in the center of the block’s “V.” — All products — • Camshaft drive – It is all-new, with a simpler 100% Active ingredients design – two chains and six sprockets vs. the previous three chains and nine sprockets – with lower chain loads, which enhances durability. The lower tension Available at of the chain drive, along with cushioned ring S&M DiStributing sprockets, also reduces noise and vibration. • High-flow intake manifold and acoustic cover – The lightweight composite intake manifold offers green since 1983 greater airflow capability than the current 3.6L tetrA-chem.com engine, which matches with the higher-flow heads to support the new engine’s greater output. A one-piece

www.engineprofessional.com 65 CADILLAC CT6 3.6L V-6 BY DAVE HAGEN

engine cover mounts atop the manifold for exceptional LS ENGINE noise isolation. PARTS Manufacturing The new Cadillac 3.6L V-6 engine is being produced, along with the new 3.0L Twin Turbo engine, at GM’s Romulus Powertrain Operations assembly facility, near Detroit, which received a $540-million investment to build the next-generation V-6 engines.

Current GM Vehicles Brand: Model: Model Year: VIN: Engine: from-to from to Buick LaCrosse 2017-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGX Cadillac ATS 2016-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGX Cadillac CT6 2016-2018 ALL ALL 3.0 LGW 3.6 LGX Cadillac CTS 2016-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGX Cadillac XT5 2017-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGX Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGX Chevrolet Colorado 2017-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGZ Now available from GMC Acadia 2017-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGX Silver Seal: GMC Canyon 2017-2018 ALL ALL 3.6 LGZ LS Cylinder Head Bolts LS Main Cap Bolts FAST FACTS Cadillac’s legacy of innovative engine technologies LS Engine Block Kits & Plugs includes the industry’s first electric engine starter LS Harmonic Balancer Bolts (1912), the first regular-production water-cooled V-8 engine (1915) and even a V-16 engine renowned for its LS Aluminum Timing Covers smoothness (1930). Cadillac has been a leading luxury auto brand since 1902. Today Cadillac is growing LS High Performance Timing Sets globally, driven by an expanding product portfolio LS Hydraulic Roller Lifters featuring dramatic design and technology.n GM Licensed Aluminum Valve Covers

AERA Technical Specialist Dave Hagen has over 44 years of experience in our industry. As an ASE-certified Master Call to request our new Machinist, Dave specialized in cylinder brochure featuring our head work and complete engine assembly complete selection of for the first 17 years of his career. LS Engine Parts

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66 JULY-SEPT 2018 engine professional