Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences www.eurasianjvetsci.org - www.ejvs.selcuk.edu.tr

Comparison of some morphologicalRESEARCH characteristics ARTICLE of native Turkish breeds

1, Cafer Tepeli2* 3 1 1

Metin Erdoğan , Ceyhan Özbeyaz , Mine D. Akbulut , Cevdet Uğuz

Özet Abstract

Erdoğan M, Tepeli C, Özbeyaz C, Akbulut MD, Uğuz C. Erdogan M, Tepeli C, Ozbeyaz C, Akbulut MD, Uguz C. Comparison of some morphological characteristics of na- Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 2, 106-110 tive Turkish dog breeds. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 2, Türkiye yerli köpek ırklarının bazı morfolojik özelliklerinin 106-110 karşılaştırılması. Amaç: Aim: The objective of this study was to compare some mor- phological characteristics of the native Turkish dog breeds. Bu araştırma Türkiye’deki yerli köpek ırklarının bazı morfolojikGereç ve Yöntem: özelliklerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 , comprised

Araştırmada 30 Kangal Çoban Köpeği, 33- Akbaş Çoban Köpeği, 14 Beyaz Kars Çoban Köpeği, 23 Siyah of 30 Kangal Shepherd Dogs, 33 Akbaş Shepherd Dogs, 14- Kars Çoban Köpeği ve 30 Türk Tazısı olmak üzere farklı yaş- white Kars Shepherd Dogs, 23 black Kars Shepherd Dogs, lardaki toplam 130 adet köpekten cidago yüksekliği, sağrı and 30 Turkish Tazı, were used in the study. Body meas yüksekliği, beden uzunluğu, göğüs genişliği, göğüs derinli urements such as shoulder height (SH), rump height (RH), ği, göğüs çevresi, baş çevresi, baş uzunluğu ve yüz uzunluğu body length (BL), front chest width (FCW), chest depth gibi beden ölçüleri alınmıştır. (CD), chest girth (CG), head girth (HG), head length (HL), Bulgular: - andResults: muzzle length (ML) were taken in different aged dogs.- - Cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, beden uzunlu- Morphological characteristics, specifically shoul ğu, göğüs genişliği, göğüs derinliği, göğüs çevresi, baş çevre der height (SH), rump height (RH), body length (BL), front si, baş uzunluğu ve yüz uzunluğu sırasıyla Kangal Çoban Kö chest width (FCW), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG), head peklerinde 76.20, 76.26, 69.19, 26.32, 33.46, 94.01, 58.43, girth (HG), head length (HL), and muzzle length (ML), were 35.50 ve 14.76 cm; Akbaş Çoban Köpeklerinde 68.11, 68.77, 76.20, 76.26, 69.19, 26.32, 33.46, 94.01, 58.43, 35.50 and 61.97, 22.32, 28.66, 80.96, 51.88, 31.56 ve 13.72 cm; Beyaz- 14.76 cm in Kangal Shepherd Dogs; 68.11, 68.77, 61.97, Kars Çoban Köpeklerinde 66.63, 67.91, 64.55, 22.09, 27.44, 22.32, 28.66, 80.96, 51.88, 31.56 and 13.72 cm in Akbaş 80.11, 55.36, 31.94 ve 13.14 cm; Siyah Kars Çoban Köpekle Shepherd Dogs; 66.63, 67.91, 64.55, 22.09, 27.44, 80.11, rinde 66.99, 68.05, 63.28, 21.06, 27.90, 78.52, 54.93, 30.39 55.36, 31.94 and 13.14 cm in white Kars Shepherd Dogs; ve 13.16 cm; Türk Tazılarında ise 62.45, 62.59, 51.44, 16.76, 66.99, 68.05, 63.28, 21.06, 27.90, 78.52, 54.93, 30.39 and 25.30, 65.27, 35.87, 27.19 ve 11.72 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. 13.16 cm in black Kars Shepherd Dogs; 62.45, 62.59, 51.44, Araştırmada incelenen morfolojik özellikler bakımından 16.76, 25.30, 65.27, 35.87, 27.19 and 11.72 cm in Turkish Kangal Çoban Köpekleri ile ilgili değerler diğer ırklara göre Tazı, respectively. In conclusion, the study showed that the yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). measurements of these traits in the Kangal Shepherd Dog were significantly greater than those in the other Turkish Öneri: dogConclusion: breeds (p<0.05). Detail studies are needed to determine breed - Türk Tazılarının ırk özellikleri ve genetik yapılarının belirlenmesine yönelik daha detaylı çalışmaların yapılma characteristics and genetic characteristics of Turkish Tazı. sı gerekir. 1

2Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Anahtar kelimeler: Türkiye, yerli köpekler, morfolojik özellikler, 3 Veterinary Medicine, KocatepeDepartment University, of Animal Afyonkarahisar, Science, Faculty Kangal, Akbaş, Kars, Tazı Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, of*[email protected] Veterinary Medicine, University, Ankara, Keywords: Turkey, native dogs, morphological characteristics, Received: 02.02.2012, Accepted: 24.02.2012 Kangal, Akbaş, Kars, Tazı

Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 2, 106- 110 Native Turkish dog breeds Erdoğan et al

Introduction 107 in dolichocephalic dogs and from 0.53 to 0.62 in me- Historically, the native Turkish dog breeds have been - distinguishingsaticephalic dogs the (Spira breeds 1982, and Evansin determining and Christensen the ge- - netic1993). relationship Characteristics between such them. as these are important in tionaldivided Symposium into Turkish on Shepherd Turkish ShepherdDogs (livestock Dogs heldguard in ian dogs) and Turkish Hunting Dogs. In the Interna This study was carried out to compare some morpho- logical characteristics of native Turkish dog breeds Konya, Turkey in 1996, the Kangal, Akbaş and Kars and to determine the main distinctions among these Shepherd Dogs were recognized as comprising the breeds. first group and the Turkish Tazı as comprising the second (Nelson 1996). - Materials and Methods tional dog of Turkey and is reared in places where Animals AkkaramanThe Kangal Shepherdsheep are Dogbred is and considered especially to in be the the east na- - In this study, a total of 130 dogs, consisting of 30 ern central region of Turkey, specifically Sivas prov examplesince. Although of the Sivas breed and can the also town be of found Kangal in have different been Kangal Shepherd Dogs, 33 Akbaş Shepherd Dogs, 14- regionsthe center of Turkey. of Kangal There Shepherd are many Dog studies breeding, concern good- whitesen were Kars unrelated, Shepherd representativeDogs, 23 black of Kars their Shepherd breed, - Dogs, and 30 Turkish Tazı, were used. The dogs cho - ing the morphological characteristics of Kangal Shep and different ages (1+ years). Kangal Shepherd Dogs herd Dogs in Turkey (Kırmızı 1991, Yıldız et al 1993, were selected from dogs raised by the Selcuk Univer Özbeyaz 1994, Gönül 1996, Özcan and Altınel 1997, sity Veterinary Faculty Kennel, on private farms, and Altıner 1998, Tepeli and Çetin 2000, Onar et al 2001, in villages located in Sivas, Konya, Ankara and Afyon. Tepeli and Çetin 2003, Tepeli et al 2003, Atasoy et- Akbaş Shepherd Dogs consisted of dogs reared by al 2005, Daşkıran and Cedden 2006, Daşkıran 2007, the Selcuk University Veterinary Faculty Kennel and usingYılmaz these 2007). studies. Therefore, it has been possible to deter in villages in Afyon, Eskişehir, Sivrihisar, and Ankara. mine a breed standard for the Kangal Shepherd Dog Kars Dogs were sampled from dogs in villages in Kars, - Ankara.Iğdır, and Erzurum. The Turkish Tazı used in the study - belonged to villagers in Konya, Afyon, Eskişehir and The Akbaş Shepherd Dog is a white livestock guard In selecting the population to be studied, care was ian breed having two coat varieties (long and medi- taken to ascertain that the dogs were purebred. In the ly,um). Sivrihisar These dogs and areits villagesprimarily are found generally in the considered provinces case of Turkish native dog breeds, no formal registra- around Ankara, Konya, Afyon, and Eskişehir. Especial Studies on the morphological characteristics of the falls on the researchers to select the research popu- to be the center of Akbaş Shepherd Dog breeding. lationtion or with certification care. Two of methods purity exists, of establishing thus, the burden purity - Turkish Akbaş Shepherd Dog are very limited (Nelson 1996, Tepeli et al 2003, Atasoy et al 2011). were questioning the owners about each dog’s par entage and establishing the individual dog’s general The Kars Dog is found in the northeastern parts of Of the three native Turkish shepherd dog breeds, this conformity to accepted breed phenotype (Nelson Turkey, in places where Morkaraman sheep are bred. breed shows the most variation in coat color and 1996). Data length. Some of the dogs are very similar visually to

Morphological body measurements taken in the study the Caucasian Owtcharka (Caucasian Mountain Dog) were shoulder height (SH), rump height (RH), body found across the Turkish border with the Republics Shepherd Dogs. Studies focusing on the morphologi- length (BL), front chest width (FCW), chest depth of Georgia and Armenia. Others resemble the Akbaş (CD), chest girth (CG), head girth (HG), head length (HL), and muzzle length (ML). cal characteristics of Kars Shepherd Dogs are also FCW, and CD, while a tape measure was used to meas- rare (Nelson 1996, Kırmızıbayrak 2004). A measuring stick was used to measure SH, RH, BL, mostly seen in central and southern parts of Turkey. taken by the same person to ensure consistency. The TheyThe native are used Turkish to hunt Hunting small game, Dog, thesuch Turkish as rabbits Tazı, and is measurementure CG, HG, HL, wasand ML. performed All of the as measurements described by were Te-

measurements used for morphological characteris- fox. Nelson (1996) reported that coat color of Turkish data are needed to determine breed characteristics of peli and Çetin (2000) and Özbeyaz (1994). The body Tazı was not a defining breed characteristic. Further colors and coat varieties were also recorded for the dogstics are in shownthe study. in the Turkish Tazı’s figure below. Coat the Turkish Tazı. dog breeds. One example is the proportion of head

Morphological characteristics vary greatly among Statistical Analysis length to head girth, which varies from 0.73 to 0.83 Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 2, 106- 110 The data for the morphological traits (SH, RH, CD, BL, Native Turkish dog breeds Erdoğan et al 108

Discussion forFCW, these HL, HG, parameters CG, and ML) among were breed analyzed and with age General groups Linear Model (GLM Multivariate) and the differences There have been many studies (Kırmızı 1991, Yıldız et was used for some morphological traits such us coat al 1993, Özbeyaz 1994, Gönül 1996, Özcan and Altınel were checked with Tukey’s test. Descriptive statistic color types. The statistical analyses were performed 1997, Altıner 1998, Tepeli and Çetin 2000, Onar et al 2001, Tepeli and Çetin 2003, Tepeli et al 2003, Atasoy et al 2005, Daşkıran and Cedden 2006, Daşkıran 2007, in ResultsSPSS 17.0 packet program in Windows XP. Yılmaz 2007) on the morphological characteristics of The least square means and their standard errors of Kangal Shepherd Dogs. While most of these (Kırmızı- the body measurements in the dog breeds are seen in 1991, Yıldız et al 1993, Özbeyaz 1994, Gönül 1996,- Özcan and Altınel 1997, Altıner 1998, Tepeli and Çe tin 2000, Onar et al 2001, Tepeli and Çetin 2003, Te Table 1. The maximum SH, RH, BL, FCW, CD, CG, HG, - peli et al 2003, Daşkıran and Cedden 2006, Daşkıran HL, ML were 76.20, 76.26, 69.19, 26.32, 33.46, 94.01, spectively, the minimum for these traits was 62.45, 2007) have been conducted on Kangal Shepherd Dogs 58.43, 35.50, 14.76 cm in Kangal Shepherd Dogs, re Shepherdreared in governmentDogs raised kennels,on private very farms few or (Atasoy in villages. et al 2005, Yılmaz 2007) have been carried out on Kangal 62.59, 51.44, 16.76, 25.30, 65.27, 35.87, 27.19, 11.72 When these two additional sources were included in cm in the Turkish Tazı breed, respectively (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among the - this study, there were significant increases in some means of all body measurements among white Kars, herd Dogs raised on private farms and in villages differences regarding all body measurements were body measurements; specifically, the Kangal Shep black Kars, and Akbaş Shepherd Dogs; however, the were larger, being both taller and broader (SH,RH and significant (p<0.05) between the Kangal Shepherd possibly due to the individual breeders on farms and HG), than those raised in government kennels. This is and the Turkish Tazı breeds. in villages selecting for traits associated with success- ful livestock guarding and control or due to The maximum HG (58.43±0.88 cm) was found in the Kangal Shepherd Dog, while the smallest one (35.87±0.98 cm) was in the Turkish Tazı breed the individual breeders’ personal preferences. Yılmaz- (p<0.05). The average muzzle length was 14.76±0.26 (2007) reported the average BL for Kangal Shepherd cm in the Kangal Shepherd Dog, while it was Dogs raised in the villages was 87 cm. This is signifi 11.72±0.29 cm in the Turkish Tazı (p<0.05). However, cantly higher than in other studies (Kırmızı 1991, the differences in muzzle length in the three livestock Gönül 1996, Özcan and Altınel 1997, Altıner 1998, guardian breeds were found to be insignificant. The Tepeli and Çetin 2000, Tepeli et al 2003, Atasoy et al Turkish Tazı differed significantly from those three 2005). The difference can be explained by the method breeds. The proportion of HL to HG in Kangal, Akbaş, used to measure BL in that study (Yılmaz 2007). white Kars, black Kars Shepherd Dogs, and Turkish Atasoy et al (2011) reported that average SH, BL, CW, Tazı were 0.61, 0.61, 0.58, 0.55, and 0.76, respectively CD, CG, HL and ML in Akbaş Shepherd Dogs located (p<0.05). - in Eskişehir, Sivrihisar and Gölbaşı were 64.42 cm, Allto steel Kangal gray, Shepherd depending Dogs on in the the number study had of black black guard muz 66.13 cm, 20.63 cm, 26.82 cm, 82.09 cm, 28.75 cm, hairszles and in theshort coat. double The coatsnumbers ranging of long from and light medium cream and 12.20 cm, respectively. The average SH, RH, BL, CG, HG, HL and ML in one year of Akbaş Shepherd Dogs were 65 cm, 66 cm, 59 cm, 71 cm, 44 cm, 27 cm, coat Akbaş Shepherd Dogs were 21 (63.64%) and sameand 11.5 measurements cm, in other were studies, greater respectively than those (Tepeli report et- 12 (36.36%), respectively. Three (20%) of the white al 2003, Tepeli and Çetin 2003). In this study, all these- DogsKars had Shepherd long coats, Dogs and had the long color coats, ranged while from twelve solid black(80%) to had brown medium with white coats. on All the black toes Karsand chest. Shepherd Two ed by Tepeli et al (2003), Tepeli and Çetin (2003) be coat varieties were seen in Turkish Tazı. Twenty-two ears,(73.33%) underside were of feathered, tail, legs, andstern, eight and (26.66%) back of thighs. were Thesmooth. smooth The had feathered short silky had hairsilky over flowing the entirehair on body. the This breed showed a large variety in color and color patterns. The observed colors were 18 (60%) black, which includes black with tan markings, 1 (3.33%) fawn, 1 (3.33%) cream, 1 (3.33%) silver, 2 (6.66%) liver, and 1 (3.33%) grey. The observed color patterns Figure 1. Body parts taken for body measurements in Turkish Tazı. were 18 (60%) bi-color, 9 (30%) grizzle, 1 (3.33%) solid and 2 (6.66%) parti-color. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 2, 106- 110 Native Turkish dog breeds Erdoğan et al 109 cause of the age of the dogs, and the inclusion of dogs ±0.31 ±0.44 ±0.36 ±0.17 ±0.26 ±0.26 ±0.29 a b b b c b b the study for body measurements were in accordance ±S.E. 13.72 13.14 13.16 12.48 14.76 13.81 12.89±0.37 11.72 13.34±0.19 13.27±0.25 withfrom bodyprivate measurements farms and villagers; of reported however, by Atasoy findings et ofal ML -

(2011). This study also supports the conclusion of Te ±0.59 ±0.83 ±0.67 ±1.49 ±0.50 ±1.49 ±0.55 a b b b c peli et al (2003) that the Kangal Shepherd Dog breed a b

is larger than the Akbaş Shepherd Dog. ±S.E. 27.19 31.56 31.94 30.39 29.40 35.50 32.27 29.65±0.69 31.47±0.36 31.37±0.47 HL The measurements of SH in Kars Shepherd Dogs have been reported to be as 61-71 cm by Nelson (Nelson 1996). The average SH, CG, BL, FCW, CD, HG, and HL in ±1.05 ±1.46 ±1.19 ±0.86 ±0.88 ±0.57 ±0.98 a b b b c Kars Shepherd Dogs were 63.9 cm, 77.3 cm, 68.4 cm, a b

reported17.5 cm, 26.1between cm, 65cm 54 cm, and and 85 30.6 cm in cm, the respectively, Caucasian ±S.E. 35.87 51.88 55.36 54.93 48.08 47.14±1.23 58.43 52.46 51.13±0.64 52.25±0.84 in another study (Kırmızıbayrak 2004). The SH was HG

Ovcharka breed resembling black Kars Shepherd ±1.59 ±2.21 ±1.80 ±1.30 ±1.86 ±1.33 ±0.87 ±0.96 ±1.27 ±1.49 a c b b b a b b a Dog (Wilcox and Walkowicz 1995). Average SH in the a study for white and black Kars Dogs was greater than- ±S.E. 65.27 80.96 80.11 78.52 75.68 70.57 94.01 81.20 80.37 83.04 agethat body of Kırmızıbayrak measurements (2004) such asand CG, was CD, in FCW, accordance HG, and CG with Nelson (Nelson 1996) findings. However, aver canHL inbe blacklinked Kars to sampling Shepherd methods Dogs in of thisthe researches. study were ±0.71 ±0.99 ±0.80 ±0.58 ±0.83 ±0.59 ±0.39 ±0.43 ±0.57 ±0.66 a c b b b a b b a greater than of Kırmızıbayrak (2004). The differences a - ±S.E. 33.46 28.97 28.75 29.66 25.30 28.66 27.44 27.90 27.44 25.77 CD SH was measured between 56 cm and 71 cm in Salu ki, Kyrgyz Taigan, and Tazı (Wilcox and theWalkowicz other sighthound. 1995, Kovalenko The cause A of 2007,the having Kurmakulov the low- ±0.71 ±0.99 ±0.81 ±0.59 ±0.84 ±0.60 ±0.39 ±0.43 ±0.57 ±0.67 a b b b c a b b a 2007). Average SH in the Turkish Tazı was similar to a

to the other breeds in this study, can be attributed to ±S.E. 16.76 22.32 22.09 21.06 20.23 18.98 26.32 22.27 21.93 22.48 theirer body use measurements in hunting and in not Turkish allowing Tazı them in comparison staying in FCW a group of shepherd dog breeds which is commonly the case for other shepherd dogs ±0.90 ±1.26 ±1.03 ±0.74 ±1.06 ±0.76 ±0.49 ±0.55 ±0.72 ±0.85 a b b b c a b a b - a

The differences between the means of the SH, RH, ±S.E. 51.44 61.97 64.55 63.28 58.94 69.19 63.41 55.86 BL 63.27 63.48 BL, CD, CG, ML and HL were found to be insignifi cant among Kars (white), Kars (Black) and Akbaş breeds; in Kangal and Turkish Tazı breeds are found as significant (p<0.05). This study showed that Kars- ±1.06 ±1.48 ±1.21 ±0.87 ±0.89 ±0.58 ±1.00 a b b b c a ent(White), from Kars them (Black) on the and basis Akbaş of these breeds characteristics. are similar to b each other and the Kangal Shepherd Dogs are differ ±S.E. 62.59 68.77 67.91 68.05 65.74 65.89±1.25 76.26 70.31 RH 68.70±0.65 69.44±0.85 the private farm dogs, and the formation of the other But, the formation of the Kangal Dog populations by In private farms, because the economic producing is ±1.07 ±1.49 ±1.22 ±0.88 ±0.90 ±0.59 breeds populations by the field dogs can be the cause. ±1.00 a b b b c a the main aim, these dogs are fed well-balanced and b showed better their genetic capacity. But, because the ±S.E. 66.63 66.99 62.45 65.14 65.01±1.26 68.11 SH 76.20 68.12±0.65 69.64 - 68.93±0.86 ble to be regression in their some characters. dogs, bred in the field, are fed with grains, it is possi 14 23 30 43 16 33 n 30 76 87 - 38 allyAll the higher measurements than that of obtainedother breeds. in this The study, reason (except is for thatbody being length) a herd for Kangal breeding breed in Gemlik in this study,and being are genera high

The dogs not relative to each other in the private farms relationship among dogs can be told (Özbeyaz 1994).- lations in this study. In these farms, since the main Chest CG: depth, Chest CD: width, chest Front FCW: length, Body BL: height, Rump RH: height, Shoulder SH: 0.05. P< at difference significant show column same the at letters Different : White Kars White Black Kars Tazı Turkish Female Age 1 year girth, HG: Head HL: length, ML: Muzzle length Akbaş Table 1. Least squares means for some body measurements in Native Turkish Dog Breeds (cm). Dog Breeds Turkish in Native some body measurements means for 1. Least squares Table Factors Breeds Kangal a, b, c b, a, 2-4 years Sex Male constituting most of the Kangal Shepherd Dog popu 5 years Over Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 2, 106- 110 Native Turkish dog breeds Erdoğan et al 110 rather than herd breeding, the conditions of breeding arepurpose much of better dog production such as better to make feeding. economical Also, genetic profit özellikleriÜniversitesi, ile Bursa. bu genotiplerin karşılaştırmalı eğitim performansları. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi), Uludağ capacity and diversity of the dogs in these farms are of higher body parameters measurement in animals Evans HE, Christensen GC, 1993. The Skelatal System (skull). In: Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. Third Edition. Sounders inmuch this better study than in comparison that of individual to the dogs.measurements The findings re- Company, Philadelphia, USA; pp:6-49. - Kırmızı E, 1991. Türk Çoban Köpeği ve Alman Ço be attributed to better farm conditions mentioned ban Köpeğinin döl verimi, büyütülen yavru oranı, above.ported by Kırmızı (1991) and Özbeyaz (1994) could büyüme ve beden ölçüleri yönünden karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi), İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. The proportion of HL to HG in Kangal and Akbaş Kırmızıbayrak T, 2004. Some morphological characteristics of Kars Dogs. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 28, 351-353. - Shepherd Dogs were 0.61, 0.60, 0.57, 0.55, and 0.75, - respectively Conclusions (p<0.05). Kovalenkoternational A, 2007. Conference The present Aboriginal state of Dog the Breeds aboriginal as a popPart ulationof Biodiversity of the Tazy and and of the TobetCultural in Kazakhstan. Heritage of FirstHuman In

Results can be concluded as follows; Kind, Almaty. breed in Turkey. its contemporary state, origins and ways to its restora- 1) The Kangal Shepherd Dog is the largest native dog - Kurmakulov A, 2007. The Taigan Kyrgyz Sighthound Breed,- original Breeds, methods of selecting donors. First In- ish Shepherd Dog breeds have mesathicephalic skull tion”ternational and “The Conference need for Aboriginal creating aDog gene Breeds bank as for a Part Ab 2) Comparing the proportion of HL to HG, the Turk of Biodiversity and of the Cultural Heritage of Human type. types, while the Turkish Tazı has a dolicephalic skull Kind, Almaty.

3) It can also be said that coat color is one of the breed Onar V, Özcan S, Pazvant G, 2001. Skull typology of adult however it is not a breed characteristic for Turkish male Kangal dogs. Anat Histol Embryol, 30, 41-8. characteristics for Kangal and Akbaş Shepherd Dogs; needed to determine the role of color as a breed char- ÖzcanDerg, M, 23, Altınel 413-422. A, 1997. Kangal Köpeği ve Alman Çoban Köpeği ırklarının bazı morfolojik özellikleri. İ Ü V F acteristic.Tazı. Additional studies of the Kars Shepherd Dog are -

Özbeyaz C, 1994. Kangal köpeklerinde bazı morfolojik özel likler. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg, 34, 38-46. - 4) Turkish Tazı is very similar in morphology to other- Nelson DD, 1996. A general classification of the Native Dogs shipsighthounds, between suchthese asbreeds the Saluki, is needed. Kyrgyz Taigan, and of Turkey. Uluslararası Türk Çoban Köpeği Sempozyu Kazakhstan Tazı, further investigation of the relation mu. Konya, 19-94. Acknowledgements Spira RH, 1982. Canine Terminology. Howell Book House Inc., Newyork, USA. - - Tepeli C, Çetin O, 2000. Kangal Irkı Türk Çoban Köpekler This research was supported by TUBITAK-TOVAG indeEurasian büyüme, J Vet Sci, bazı 16, vücut 5-16. ölçüleri ve döl verimi özel (103V024), and additional support was provided by liklerinin belirlenmesi. I. Büyüme ve bazı vücut ölçüleri. AKU References BAPK 041VF06. - Tepeli C, Çetin O, 2003. Kangal ve Akbaş Irkı Türk Çoban Kö peklerinin baş ölçüleri üzerine bir araştırma. Eurasian J Altıner A,1998. Kangal ırkı köpeklerde döl verimi, yaşama Vet Sci, 19, 17-20. gücü,Üniversitesi, büyüme Ankara. ve beden ölçülerine ait özelliklerin - araştırılması. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi), Ankara Tepeli C, Çetin O, İnal Ş, Kırıkçı K, Yılmaz A, 2003. Kangal ve Akbaş Irkı Türk Çoban Köpeklerinde büyüme özel - likleri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 27, 1011-1018. Atasoy F, Ünal N, Kanlı O, Yakan A, 2005. Damızlık Kangal Köpeklerinde canlı ağırlık ve bazı vücut ölçüleri. Lala Yıldız B, Yılmaz O, Serbest A, Kırbıyık H, 1993. Türk Çoban han Hay Araşt Enst Derg, 45, 33-39. ve Alman Kurt Köpeklerinin baş ölçümleri üzerinde araştırma. UÜ Vet Fak Derg, 1, 35-39. Atasoy F, Uğurlu M, Özarslan B, Yakan A, 2011. Halk elinde - yetiştirilen Akbaş Köpeklerinde canlı ağırlık ve vücut Yılmaz O, 2007. Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde Daskiranölçüleri. I, Cedden Ankara F, Üniv 2006. Vet Some Fak Derg,descriptive 58, 213-215. characteristics yetiştirilmekteÜniversitesi, Ankara. olan Kangal Köpeklerinin bazı morfolo jik özellikleri. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi), Ankara Anim Vet Adv, 5, 194-196. concerning craniometric measurement in Kangal Dog. J Wilcox B, Walkowicz C, 1995. The Atlas of the Dog Breeds of the World, fifth edition, TFH Publications, Neptune Daskiran İ, 2007. Body weight and some morphological City, USA. characteristics of Kangal Dogs. J. Anim Vet Adv, 6, 368- 370. Gönül N, 1996. Gemlik Askeri Veteriner Okulu ve Eğitim Merkez Komutanlığında yetiştirilen Türk Çoban Köpeği ve Alman Çoban Köpeğinin başlıcaEurasian morfolojik J Vet Sci, 2012, 28, 2, 106- 110