Archive Information: This guidance has been formally rescinded by the Department and remains available on the web for historical purposes only. Although this guidance has been superseded by the amendments made to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act through the Every Student Succeeds Act, this guidance remains in effect through the 2016–2017 school year. Serving Preschool Children Through Title I Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as Amended NON-REGULATORY GUIDANCE

U. S. Department of Education ii u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l Serving Preschool Children Through Title I Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as Amended

Non-Regulatory Guidance

October 2012 April 16, 2012

Dear Colleague,

I write to share guidance with you and provide clarity regarding how you can use Title I Part A (Title I) funds to implement high-quality preschool programs. I want to thank the state and local education administrators, teachers, and early learning stakeholders who work hard every day to provide high-quality learning to our youngest children, particularly those with high needs. You have shared your concerns and questions with us, seeking clarity and guidance on how you can use Title I funds to implement high-quality preschool programs for eligible children. In developing this guidance, my staff has worked hard to answer the questions you’ve raised. Research demonstrates that the years prior to kindergarten are the most significant in shaping a child’s foundation for success in school and in life. Without sufficient early learning experiences upon which to build a strong foundation, the achievement gaps -- too often experienced by children with high needs, such as those who are from low-income families, are learning English, or have developmental delays or disabilities -- may start long before children reach kindergarten. In addition, high-quality preschool programs supported with Title I funds can help ensure that children have the foundation they need to meet early learning and development standards and experience success throughout elementary and secondary school, and beyond. The U.S. Department of Education is committed to improving the health, social-emotional, and educational outcomes for children from birth through third grade, and high-quality early learning programs are a critical component of our overall reform agenda. A strong P-12 education system can realize a vision for our country in which children reach their full potential, and we achieve President Obama’s goal of once again being first in the world in the proportion of college graduates.

Thank you.

Deborah Delisle Assistant Secretary Office of Elementary and Secondary Education B-1. Who isconsideredapreschool-agechild? A-5. What isa“districtwide Title Ipreschoolprogram”? A-4. What isa“school-operated Title Ipreschoolprogram”? A-3. HowmayanLEA use Title Ifundstosupportapreschoolprogram? A-1. What isa Title I“preschoolprogram”? B-2. Who iseligibletoparticipateina Title Ipreschoolprogram? C-2. C-1. Paraprofessionals) ina Title I Preschool Program C. B-9. B-8 B-7. B-6. B-5. B-4. B-3. B. program, preschool LEAa an support If to uses Titlefunds I A-6. A-2. A. Purpose oftheGuidance Contents

Title Ipreschoolprogram? What qualificationsare required forparaprofessionalsworkingina qualified”? Must teachersworkingina Title Ipreschool programbe“highly Qualifications ofEarly Childhood Educators (Teachers and services under Title I? Are childreninaprivatepreschoolentitledtoreceive equitable program? Are homelesschildreneligibletoparticipateina Title Ipreschool program? Are migrantchildreneligibletoparticipateina Title Ipreschool preschool program? Are childrenwithdisabilitieseligibletoparticipateina Title I program receiveservices? Do allchildrenwhoareeligibletoparticipateina Title Ipreschool What doesitmeanifapreschoolchildis“automaticallyeligible”? preschool program? Are somechildren“automaticallyeligible”toparticipateina Title I Children Eligible must theLEA describethatprograminits T preschool program? May any Title ILEA General Information ......

. . orschooluse Title Ifundstooperatea . . . 1 . . . . . itle Iplan? ...... 5 3 6 3 3 3 3 6 11 11 9 9 9 8 8 8 7 6 5 11

v u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l iivi u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l C-4. C-3. F-3. F-2. F-1. F. E-3. What responsibilitiesdoesanLEA havetoassistpreschoolchildren E-2. E-1. E. D-5. D-4. Mayaschoolincludeparentsofchildrenin Title Ipreschool D-3. Howcana Title Ipreschoolprogrambuildcapacityforsignificant D-2. D-1. D. C-6. C-5.

Do the Title Iparaprofessionalrequirementsapplytoa Who qualifiesasaparaprofessionalin T community-based earlylearning programsforat-riskchildren? extend HeadStart,Child Care,State-fundedpreschool,orother How mayaschooloran LEA use programs? Must anLEA coordinateits agencies andotherearlychildhoodprograms? What coordinationactivitiesmustanLEA carryoutwithHeadStart Coordination withOther FederalPr in thetransitionfrompreschooltoelementaryschool programs? elementary schoolprograms? have toassistpreschoolchildreninthetransitionfrom What responsibilitiesdoesa T elementary schoolprograms? to assistpreschoolchildreninthetransitionfrom What responsibilitiesdoesaschoolwideprogramschoolhave Transition from Preschool toKindergarten Title Ipreschoolprogram? Are Title Ifundsavailabletosupportparentalinvolvementina program intheschool’s professionaldevelopmentactivities? parental andfamilyengagement? policies andthoseinotherprograms? What istherelationshipbetween T to a Title Ipreschoolprogram? Do theparentalinvolvementprovisionsinESEA section1 Parental InvolvementandFamilyEngagement Title Ifunds? for preschool teachers andparaprofessionals whoare not paid with May Title Ifundsbeusedtoprovideprofessionaldevelopment Title Ipreschoolprogram? What supervisionisrequiredofaparaprofessionalworkingin jointly fundedbyHeadStartand T paraprofess . . ional working in a preschool program that is programthatis inapreschool ional working . . . Title I programswithpreschool . itle Itargeted assistanceprogram . . . Title Ifundstocomplementor itle I? itle Iparentalinvolvement ograms . . itle Ipreschoolprogram?..12 . . . . 118 apply . . . . 18 18 18 17 17 17 16 15 15 15 15 13 12 13 18 17 16

G-14. Does Title IrequireanLEA totestpreschool children? G-11. Ifappropriate facilitiesarenotavailabletohouseapreschool G-10. Where mayanLEA operatea Title Ipreschool program? G-15. Maya portionof Title Ifundsbeusedto providepreschoolchildren G-13. May Title Ifundsbeusedforminorremodelingtoaccommodate a G-12. May Title Ifundsbeusedto paythecostofrentingaprivately G-9. G-8. G-7. G-6. G-5. G-4. G-3. MayaschoolthatreceivesSIGfundsoperatepreschoolprogram G-2. G-1. G. F-6. F-5. F-4.

withcomprehensive services? preschoolprogram? ownedfacilitytoprovidepreschoolservices? services? program in the LEA, howmight Title Ifundsbe used to provide preschool children inthatschoolortheLEA? using non-Federalfundstoprovidethesameservicesother to eligiblechildrenina T May anLEA use for Title Iservices? in a preschool program if only some of the children are eligible May anLEA ora operate apreschoolprogramissupplemental? How doesanLEA orschoolensurethatitsuseof of Title Ifundstooperateapreschoolprogram? Do the T existing publicpreschoolprograms? May anLEA use districtwide T May anLEA reserveitsentire with thosefunds? program? May a T May anLEA use Use ofFunds — EarlyLearningChallengeProgram? How cana T operate apreschoolprogramaspartofschoolinterventionmodel? May anLEA useSchoolImprovementGrant(SIG)fundsto with servicesprovidedbytheMigrantEducationProgram? Must anLEA thatoperatesa itle Ischooluseallofits Title Ifundstooperateapreschool itle Isupplement-not-supplantprovisionsapplytotheuse . . . itle IpreschoolprogrambenefitfromtheRaceto Top itle Ipreschoolprogram? . Title Ifundstoprovidepreschoolservices Title Ifundstoexpandorenhanceother Title Ifundstoidentifyeligiblepreschoolchildren? Title Itargeted assistanceschooluse Title Ifunds . . . . . itle Itargeted assistanceschoolwhile Title Ipreschoolprogramcoordinate Title Iallocationtooperatea ...... Title Ifundsto ...... 21 21 20 19 19 27 28 27 27 26 26 26 22 22 22 27 22 21 21

vii u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l iiviii u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l Additional Resources From theNationalResearchCouncil From theU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices From theU.S.DepartmentofEducation Programs Appendix A: SelectedResourcestoSupportHigh-QualityEarlyLearning H-1. What oversightresponsibilitiesdoesanSEA havewithrespecttoa H. H-4. H-3. H-2.

SEA Supportof Title IPreschool Programs supporting high-qualitypreschoolprograms? Where cananSEA,LEA,orschoolfindadditionalresourcesfor Title Ifunds? What achievementstandardsapplytopreschoolprogramsreceiving How cananSEA support Title Ipreschoolprogram? . . . Title Ipreschools? ...... 34 33 32 31 31 29 29 29 30 29

following address: us [email protected] any person.Ifyouareinterestedincommentingonthisguidance,pleasee-mail applicable lawandregulations.Itdoesnotcreateorconferanyrightsforon This guidancedoesnotimposeanyrequirementsbeyondthoserequiredunder I funds. guidance whenadministeringoroperatingpreschoolprogramssupportedwith Title answers questionsraisedbySEAs,LEAs,andotherofficialsregardingusing serving preschoolchildren.Itaddresses Title IrequirementsintheESEA and Guidance inthisdocumentreplacespreviousnon-regulatory Title Iguidanceon applicable Federalstatutesandregulations. standards, SEAsarefreetoidentifyalternativeapproachesthatconsistentwith each SEA mayconsiderthisguidanceinthedevelopmentofitsownguidelinesand Elementary andSecondaryEducation Act of1965,asamended(ESEA). Although preschool programssupportedwithfundsunder Title I,Part A (Title I)ofthe educational agencies(LEAs),andschoolsinunderstandingimplementing This guidanceiswrittentoassistStateeducationalagencies(SEAs),local Purpose oftheGuidance I fundstoservepreschoolchildren.Recipientsof Washington, 400 Office ofElementaryandSecondaryEducation D.C. U.S. Department of Education Maryland 20202 Avenue, S.W. Title Ifundsmayrefertothis T itle 1 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii2 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l would dependonthetype of Title Ischool—i.e.,aschoolwide programschool G-2.) The mannerinwhicha Title Ischool wouldoperateitspreschoolprogram hat isa “school-operated Title Ipreschool program”? portion ofthosefundsto operateapreschoolprogramforeligiblechildren. (See A schoolthat receives Title IfundsunderESEA section1113 mayuseallora A-4. I requirementsapplytotheprogram. If Title Ifundsareusedinwholeor inparttooperateapreschoolprogram,all Title w may anLEAuse preschool program: Title apreschool Ifundsto support There areseveralwaysinwhichanLEA mayuseits Title Ifundstosupport a A-3. The useof Title Ifundsforapreschoolprogramislocaldecision. eligible studentsandthemosteffective useofthosefunds.(SeeG-2andG-4.) to useits Title Ifundstooperateapreschoolprogrambasedontheneedsofits 1112(b)(1)(K)). Aeschool program? Title ILEA orschoolmakesadeterminationastowhether part, apreschoolprogramconsistentwith Title Irequirements(ESEA section ay any Title ILEAorschooluse Title Ifundsto operate a Yes. Any Title ILEA orschoolmayuse Title Ifundstooperate,inwholeor A-2. information oneligiblechildren. benefit fromlaterschoolexperiences.SeeSectionBofthisdocumentforfurther the prerequisiteskillsanddispositionsforlearningthatwillenablethemto 34 C.F.R. §77.1).Suchaprogramisdesignedtoprepareeligiblechildrenwith provides afreepublicelementaryeducation(ESEA section1115(b)(1)(A)(ii); emotional outcomesforeligiblechildrenbelowthegradeatwhichanLEA hat isa Title I “preschool program”? uses Title Ifunds,inwholeorpart,toimprovecognitive,health,andsocial- A Title IpreschoolprogramisaforwhichanLEA orschool A-1. A. General Information ♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ program? Ho pr M W W programs, suchasHeadStart.(SeeSectionF. andG-5.) to coordinatewithandsupporteligiblechildrenenrolled inotherpreschool Coordinating withotherpreschool programs: An LEA mayuse Title Ifunds (See A-5 andG-4.) for eligiblechildreninthedistrictasawholeorportionofdistrict. of fundsoff thetopofits Title Iallocationtooperateapreschoolprogram District-operated Title Ipreschool program: An LEA mayreserveaportion children. (See A-4 andG-2.) or aportionofits Title Ifundstooperateapreschoolprogramforeligible School-operated Title Ipreschool program: A Title Ischoolmayuseall

3 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii4 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l participate inaschool-operated Title Ipreschoolprogram. or atargeted assistanceschool. SeeB-2foradiscussionofchildreneligibleto ♦ ♦ the school’s attendanceareawouldalsobeeligibletoserved. school operatesapreschoolprogram,allchildrenwhoresidein students areeligibletobeserved. Accordingly, ifaschoolwideprogram elsec/guid/designingswpguid.doc Designing SchoolwidePrograms(availableat the school.Foradditionalguidanceon Title Ischoolwideprograms,see lowest-achieving studentsbyupgradingtheentireeducationalprogramin comprehensive reformstrategydesignedtoraisetheachievementof income families(ESEA section1114(a)(1)). A schoolwideprogramisa or residingintheattendanceareaservedbyschool,arefromlow- program ifaminimumof40percentthestudentsenrolledinschool, Schoolwide program school: A Title Ischoolmayoperateaschoolwide ). Inaschoolwideprogramschool,all http://www2.ed.gov/policy/ (E)(i)). preschool programstoearlyelementaryschool (ESEA section1112(b)(1) services attheLEA orschoollevel,including plansforthetransitionofchildrenin (K)). The LEA mustalsodescribehowitwillcoordinateandintegrate preschool or acomparablepubliclyfundedearlylearningprogram (ESEA section1112(b)(1) provided directlybytheLEA orthrough asubcontractwithHeadStartagency the LEA mustdescribeinitsLEA planhowitwilldoso,whethertheprogramis f anLEAuses Title apreschool program, Ifundsto support Yes. Ifan LEA decidestouseits Title Ifundstosupportapreschoolprogram, A-6. program. for adiscussionofchildreneligibletoparticipateindistrictwide Title Ipreschool children inthedistrictasawholeorthosejustportionofdistrict.SeeB-2 hat isa “districtwide Title Ipreschool program”? operate apreschoolprogramforeligiblechildren. The LEA mayservealleligible An LEA mayreserveaportionoffundsoff thetopofits Title Iallocationto A-5. ♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ W must theLEAdescribetha I in Title Iparticipatingschoolattendanceareas. as awhole,theLEA maydecidetoserveonlyeligiblechildrenwhoreside have sufficient Title Ifundstooperateapreschoolprogramforthedistrict in specific Title Ischoolattendanceareas.If,forexample,anLEA doesnot A portionofthedistrict operating schoolwideprograms. students intheLEA unlessalltheschoolsinLEA are Title Ischools to implementadistrictwidepreschoolprogrambenefitall standards whentheyreachschoolage. An LEA maynotuse Title Ifunds they areatriskoffailingtomeettheState’s academicachievement throughout theLEA andwhomtheLEA identifiesaseligiblebecause The districtasawhole achievement standardswhentheyreachschoolage. whom theschoolidentifiesasatriskoffailingtomeetState’ it mayonlyservepreschoolchildrenwhoresideinitsattendanceareaand Accordingly, ifatargeted assistanceschooloperatesapreschoolprogram, State’s academicachievementstandards(ESEA section1115(b)(1)(B)). — i.e.,thoseidentifiedasfailing,ormostatriskoftomeetthe educational servicestostudentswiththegreatestneedforassistance a targeted assistanceprogram in whichtheschoolprovidessupplemental operate, orhaschosennottoaschoolwideprogrammayoperate Targeted assistanceprogram school: A Title Ischoolthatisineligibleto : An LEA mayservepreschoolchildrenwhoreside : An LEA mayservepreschoolchildrenwhoreside t program inits Title Iplan? s academic

5 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii6 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l B. Children Eligible ho is eligible to participate ina ho iseligible to participate Title Ipreschool program? program anLEA orschoolisoperating. In general,eligibilityfora Title Ipreschoolprogramdependsonthetypeof Title I B-2. kindergarten orbefore. some States,elementaryeducationbeginsatfirstgrade;inothersit provides afreepublicelementaryeducationmayreceivepreschoolservices.In § 77.1).Forthepurposeof Title I,childrenfrombirthtotheagethatLEA ho isconsidered apreschool-age child? a freepublicelementaryeducation(ESEA section1115(b)(1)(A)(ii); 34C.F.R. A preschool-agechildisonewhobelowthegradeatwhichanLEA provides B-1. eligibility isallowable,but childrenshouldnotbeidentifiedfora of childdevelopment. The useoffamilyincomeasone factorindetermining judgment, interviewswithparents,anddevelopmentally appropriatemeasures must usemultiple,educationallyrelated,objective criteria,suchasteacher identify eligiblepreschoolchildreninatargeted assistanceschool,theschool preschool programsolely onthebasisoffamilyincome. participate ina Title Ipreschoolprogram (ESEA section1115(b)(1)(B)) failing tomeettheState’s academicachievement standardsareeligibleto a targeted assistanceprogram(see A-4) whoareidentifiedasmostat riskof Preschool-age childrenresidingintheattendance areaofaschooloperating ♦ program (ESEA section1114(a)(2)(A)(i)) attendance areaoftheschoolareeligibletoparticipatein Title Ipreschool in the Title Ipreschool.Rather, allpreschool-age children residinginthe A-4) isnotrequiredtoidentifyparticularchildrenaseligibleparticipate A preschoolthatispartofa Title Ischooloperatingaschoolwideprogram (see ♦ solely onthebasisoffamilyincome. but childrenshouldnotbeidentifiedforservicesina Title Ipreschoolprogram income isonefactorthatmayinformwhetherapreschoolchildmostinneed, those preschoolchildrenmostinneedwhowillbeserviced. The useoffamily and developmentallyappropriatemeasuresofchilddevelopment,todetermine related, objectivecriteria,suchasteacherjudgment,interviewswithparents, are served.Inthissituation,theschoolmustusemultiple,educationally are mostatriskoffailingtomeettheState’s academicachievementstandards it mustestablishandapplyselectioncriteriatoensurethatthosechildrenwho cannot serveallpreschool-agechildrenresidingintheschoolattendancearea,

♦ ♦ W W school operating atargetedassistanceprogram? Which children are eligible to participate in a Title Ipreschool program ina school operating aschoolwideprogram? Which children are eligible to participate inaTitle Ipreschool program ina . However, ifaschoolwideprogram T itle I . To To itle Ipreschool program? preschool program(ESEA section1115(b)(2)), including — re somechildren “automatically eligible” ina to participate Yes. Certain childrenare“automaticallyeligible”toparticipateina Title I B-3. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ T A in thepriortwo years; children whoreceivedservices underPartCof Title I(migrant education) any timeinthepriortwo years; children whoparticipated inHeadStartora Title Ipreschoolprogram at interviews withparents. appropriate measuresofchilddevelopment,teacher judgment,and multiple, educationallyrelated,objectivecriteria, suchasdevelopmentally risk offailingtomeettheState’s academic achievementstandardsbasedon eligible preschoolchildrenwouldbethosewhoareidentifiedasmostat attendance areaofaschooloperatingtargeted assistanceprogram, area ofaschooloperatingschoolwideprogramareeligible;inthe operating. Accordingly, allpreschoolchildrenresidingintheattendance nature ofthe Title Iprogramtheschoolservingattendanceareais school attendanceareas,whichchildrenareeligibledependsonthe attendance areas.Becausethisapproachisbasedon Title Iparticipating preschool programswith Title Ifunds—e.g.,itshighest-povertyschool would selectspecific Title Ischoolattendanceareasinwhichtoprovide served bysomeorallofits Title Ischools.Underthisapproach,theLEA eligible childreninaportionofthedistrict—i.e.,attendanceareas An LEA mayalsoreservefundstooperateapreschoolprogramfor are Title Ischoolsoperatingschoolwideprograms. benefit allpreschoolchildrenintheLEA unlessalltheschoolsinLEA may notuse Title Ifundstoimplementadistrictwidepreschoolprogram a Title Ipreschoolprogramsolelyonthebasisoffamilyincome. An LEA preschool-age children,butchildrenshouldnotbeidentifiedaseligiblefor prioritizing whentherearenotsufficient Title Ifundstoservealleligible Title Ipreschoolprogramisallowable,especiallyforthe purposeof family incomeasonefactorindeterminingeligibilityforadistrictwide development, teacherjudgment,andinterviewswithparents. The useof objective criteria,suchasdevelopmentallyappropriatemeasuresofchild academic achievementstandardsbasedonmultiple,educationallyrelated, by identifyingpreschoolchildrenmostatriskoffailingtomeettheState’s accordance withESEA section1115(b)(1)(B) (targeted assistanceprogram) preschool program,itmustselectchildrenwhoareeligibletoparticipatein general, whenanLEA reservesfundstooperateadistrictwide Title I district asawholeorinportionofthedistrict.(See A-5 andG-4.)In I allocationtooperateapreschoolprogramforeligiblechildreninthe An LEA mayreserveaportionoffundsoff thetopofLEA’s Title program? Which children are eligible to participate inadistrictwide Title Ipreschool

7 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii8 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l requirements (ESEA sections1114(a)(2)(B), 1120A(b)). (SeeG-7.) law toreceivebecausedosowouldviolatethe Title Isupplementnotsupplant services topreschoolchildrenwithdisabilitiesthat theyareotherwiserequiredby 1115(b)(2)(A)). However, anLEAeschool program? orschoolmaynotuse Title Ifundstoprovide program onthesamebasisaseligiblechildrenwithout disabilities(ESEA section re children ina withdisabilitieseligible to participate Title I Yes. Children withdisabilitiesareeligibletoparticipateina Title Ipreschool B-6. in theLEA’s needsassessmentandincludedinits Title Iplan. services inordertolearnEnglishpriorenteringschool. This shouldbereflected or aschoolmaydecidethatEnglishLearnershavethegreatestneedforpreschool on measuresofschoolreadinessthanothereligiblechildren.Similarly, anLEA by virtueofbeinghomelessshouldnotbeservedbecauseheorshescoreshigher LEA oraschoolmaydecide,forexample,thatchildwhoisautomaticallyeligible making theseselections,oftenbalancingtheneedsofdifferent populations. An of alltheinformationavailable,shouldusetheirbestprofessionaljudgmentin may alsohavesignificantneeds. AnLEA’s oraschool’s staff, basedonareview they inevitablyresultinsomechildrenbeingselectedbeforeotherwho participate ina Title Ipreschoolprogram. These selectionsaredifficultbecause school selectsthosechildrenwhohavethegreatestneedforspecialassistanceto with ESEA section1115, fromtheuniverseofeligiblechildren,LEAeschool program receive or services? LEA orschooltoservealleligiblepreschoolchildren.Inthatcase,consistent Not necessarily. Often,theamountof Title Ifundsavailablemaynotpermitan B-5. an LEA orschooltoservealleligiblechildren.(SeeB-5.) I preschoolprogram.However, theamountof Titleavailable Ifundsmaynotallow meet theState’s academicstandardsand,therefore,eligibletoparticipateina Title of thecategorieslistedinB-3,apreschoolchildisdeemedtobeatriskfailing meet theState’s academicachievementstandards.Rather, byvirtueofbeinginone program, anLEA orschoolneednotidentifythechildasmostatriskoffailingto hat doesitmeanifapreschool childis “automatically If apreschoolchildisautomaticallyeligibletoparticipatein Title Ipreschool B-4. ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ A pr Do allchildr eligible”? W pr and youthorattendingacommunity-dayprogramforthesechildren. children whoareinalocalinstitutionforneglectedordelinquent homeless preschool-agechildren;and

en whoare ina eligible to participate Title I

receive equitableservicesunder Title I. preschool arenotreceivingelementaryeducation andthusarenotentitledto law considerspreschooltobepartofelementary education,childreninaprivate to eligibleelementaryandsecondaryschoolchildren. As aresult,unlessState re children inaprivate preschool entitled to receive Not generally. ESEA section1120 requiresanLEA toprovideequitableservices B-9. homeless/guidance.pdf) Regulatory Guidance For moreinformation,seethe young childrenreceiveservices. service agencies,familyshelters,andotheragencieswherehomelessfamilieswith attending school.LEA liaisons,however, shouldalso reachouttocommunity children cansometimesbeidentifiedthroughtheirschool-agesiblingswhoare situations areevenmoredifficulttoidentifythanthosewhoschoolage. unnoticed byschoolpersonnel.Preschool-agechildrenwhoareinhomeless Homeless childrenaredifficulttoidentifyformanyreasonsandthusoftengo to keepslotsopenspecificallyforhomelesschildren. how importanttheirservicesareforhomelesschildrenandmightencouragethem programs. The liaisonshouldworkwithpreschoolprogramstaff toremindthem help ensurethathomelesschildrenhaveafullopportunitytoenrollinpreschool Vento Homeless Assistance Act (McKinney-Vento section722(g)(1)(J)(ii))can preschool program.Inthisevent,thelocalliaisonrequiredbyMcKinney- families orthosethatarenewtoacommunityfromaccessingscarceslotsin in a Title Ipreschoolprogram,oftenwaitinglistspreventnewlyhomeless though homelesspreschoolchildrenareautomaticallyeligibletoparticipate eschool program? preschool program(ESEA section1115(b)(2)(E)). (SeeB-3andB-4.)Even re homelesschildren ina eligible to participate Title I Yes. Homelesschildrenareautomaticallyeligibletoparticipateina Title I B-8. and B-4.) participate ina Title Ipreschoolprogram(ESEA section1115(b)(2)(C)). (SeeB-3 program (Title I,PartC)inthepriortwoyearsareautomaticallyeligibleto Moreover, preschoolchildrenwhoreceivedservicesunderthemigranteducation eschool program? the samebasisaseligiblenon-migrantchildren(ESEA section1115(b)(2)(A)). re migrant children ina eligible to participate Title I Yes. Migrantchildrenareeligibletoparticipateina Title Ipreschoolprogramon B-7.

pr A pr A equitable ser A (SectionF)(availableat . vices under Title I? McKinney-VentoNon- Homeless AssistanceAct http://www2.ed.gov/programs/

These 9 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii10 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l school childrenwhoareentitledtoreceiveequitableservices(ESEA section1120). served inplaceoforadditiontoothereligibleelementaryandsecondaryprivate of othereligibleprivateschoolchildren.Inessence,preschoolchildrenwouldbe sufficient Title Ifundsareavailabletoprovidesuchservices,consideringtheneeds meaningful consultationwithprivateschoolofficials,theLEA determinesthat children areentitledtoequitableservices attendance areaandattendaprivateelementaryschoolinwhichschool-age equitable services,suchchildrenwhoresideinaparticipating Title Ischool Even thoughpreschoolchildreninaprivateschoolarenot may receive Title Iservicesif,after entitled toreceive salaries arefunded. paraprofessionals mustmeettheaboverequirements, regardlessofhowtheir In a Title Ipreschoolprogramina schoolwideprogramschool,all ina orking Title Ipreschool program? paid with Title Ifunds— hat qualifications are required for paraprofessionals In a Title Ipreschoolprograminatargeted assistanceschool,aparaprofessional C-2. learning ofyoungchildren. essential toahigh-qualitypreschoolprogramandthesuccessfuldevelopment Start Act section648A(a)(2)(A)(i)and(ii)). Well-educated, effective teachersare early childhoodeducation,withexperienceteachingpreschool-agechildren(Head baccalaureate oradvanceddegreeandcourseworkequivalenttoamajorrelating have (1)abaccalaureateoradvanceddegreeinearlychildhoodeducation;(2) fifty percentofHeadStartteachersnationwideincenter-based programsmust meet specificstandards.Forexample,notlaterthanSeptember30,2013,atleast about childdevelopment.Moreover, somepreschoolteachersarerequiredto having earnedabaccalaureatedegreeandreceivedcomprehensiveeducation highest professionalstandardsforteachingyoungchildren,whichideallyinclude 34 C.F.R. §§200.55and200.56).However, preschoolteachersshouldmeetthe requirements for“highlyqualifiedteachers”(ESEA sections 1119, 9101(23); preschool tobepartofpublicelementaryeducationmustmeetthe Title I only teachersworkingina Title IpreschoolprograminaStatethatconsiders the definitionof“highlyqualified”inESEA section9101(23)). Accordingly, 2006 schoolyearapplyonlytoelementaryandsecondaryteachers(see highly qualified”? subjects withinaStatetobehighlyqualifiednotlaterthantheendof2005- The requirementsinESEA section1119 thatrequiredallteachersofcoreacademic C-1. and Paraprofessionals) ina Title IPreschool Program (Teachers ofEarlyC. Qualifications EducatorsChildhood ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ W “ Must t w readiness (ESEA section1119(c)-(d); 34C.F.R. §200.58(b)-(d)). assist ininstructing,readingreadiness,writing andmathematics State orlocalacademicassessment—knowledge of,andtheabilityto a rigorousstandardofqualityandhavedemonstrated —throughaformal higher education;(2)obtainedanassociate’s orhigherdegree;(3)met must have(1)completedatleasttwoyearsofstudy ataninstitutionof and must haveearnedasecondaryschooldiplomaoritsrecognizedequivalent; eachers workingina Title Ipreschool program be

11 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii12 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l equivalent butdoesnothavetomeettheadditionalrequirementsnotedabove parental involvementactivitiesmusthaveahighschooldiplomaoritsrecognized English Learnersorwhohasinstructional-supportdutiesthatconsistsolelyof English andservesonlyasatranslatortoenhancetheparticipationofpreschool A paraprofessionalwhoisproficientinEnglishandalanguageotherthan program (34C.F.R. §200.58(a)(3)(i)-(ii)). funding source,ifajointlyfundedpreschoolprogram ispartofa Title Ischoolwide Title I paraprofessionalrequirementsapplytoallparaprofessionals,regardlessof paying fortheparaprofessionalswhosupport instructionalprogram. The I paraprofessionalrequirementswouldapplybecause Title Ifundswouldbe and HeadStartfundssupporttheremainderof programactivities,the Title assistance schoolinwhich Title Ifunds supporttheinstructionalcomponent and tly fundedby HeadStart Title I? with Title Ifunds.So,forexample,inapreschoolprogramtargeted aprofessional workinginapreschool program that is working inapreschoolprogramtargeted assistanceschoolandispaid The Title Iparaprofessionalrequirementsapplytoawhois C-4. clerical duties non-instructional duties,suchasprovidingpersonalcareservicesorperforming content orskills. A paraprofessionaldoesnotincludeanindividualwhohas only A paraprofessionalshouldnotbeprovidingdirectinstructionorintroducingnew (ESEA section1119(g)(2)). readiness, writingandmathematicsreadinessskillstaughtbytheteacher providing instructionalsupportservicessuchashelpingchildrenpracticereading providing instructionalsupportinalibraryormediacenter, actingasatranslator, or assisting inclassroommanagement,conductingparentinvolvementactivities, under thedirectsupervisionofateacher. Instructionalsupportmayinclude: Title Ipreschoolprogram,meansanindividualwhoprovides instructionalsupport ho qualifiesasaparaprofessional ina Title Ipreschool A paraprofessional,forthepurposeofmeetingstaff qualificationrequirementsina C-3. guid/paraguidance.doc) Regulatory Guidance For moreinformationonparaprofessionals,seethe (ESEA section1119(e)-(f); 34C.F.R. §200.58(b),(e)).

join par Do the program? W

(34 C.F.R. §§200.58(a)(2) and 200.59). Title Iparaprofessional requirements applyto a (Mar. 2004)(availableat . http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/ Title IParaprofessionals Non-

2004) (availableat information, seethe paraprofessional workincloseandfrequentproximitytoateacher. Formore to therestofclasswouldalsobeinconsistentwithrequirementthata with agroupofstudentsinanotherlocationwhiletheteacherprovidesinstruction otherwise isnotintheclassroomoraprogramwhichparaprofessionalworks instructional supportandateachervisitsthesiteonceortwiceweekbut not permitted. A Title Ipreschoolprograminwhichaparaprofessional provides As aresult, Title Ipreschoolprogramstaffed entirelybyparaprofessionalsis introduced tothembytheteacher. activities includereadingwithchildrenandhelpingpracticetheskills teachers meettheeducational needsof Title I-eligiblechildren. funded by Title IandHeadStartifthetrainingisdesigned tohelptheHeadStart development forHeadStartteachersworkingin a preschoolprogramjointly Title I-eligible children.Forexample, Title Ifundsmaybeusedforprofessional the Title Ipreschoolprogramand isdesignedtomeettheeducationalneedsof or hersalaryisnotpaidforwith Title Ifunds,solongasthetrainingisrelatedto I preschoolprogramsupported,inwholeorpart, with Title Ifundsevenifhis professional developmentforanyteacherorparaprofessional whoworksina Title the requirementsof Title I. Therefore, Title Ifunds may beusedtoprovide professional developmenttoassistteachersandparaprofessionals insatisfying 34 C.F.R. §200.60, Titlevelopment for Ifundsmaybeusedtosupportongoing trainingand preschool teachers andparaprofessionals Yes, undercertaincircumstances.ConsistentwithESEA section1119(h) and ay Title Ifundsbeusedto provide professional C-6. physical proximitytotheteacher paraprofessional isworking,andtheworksinclosefrequent carries out,theteacherevaluatesachievementofstudentswithwhom teacher iftheplansinstructionalsupportactivitiesparaprofessional Title Ipreschool program? section 1119(g)(3)(A)). A paraprofessionalworksunderthedirectsupervisionofa support mayonlybeprovidedunderthedirectsupervisionofateacher(ESEA isrequiredhat ofaparaprofessional supervision working A paraprofessionalmayonlyprovideinstructionalsupportandthe C-5. (B); 34C.F.R. §200.59(d)). as thetimespentbysimilarpersonnelatsameschool(ESEA section1119(g)(3) paraprofessional spendsonthosedutiesisthesameproportionoftotalworktime duties andthatdonotbenefitparticipatingstudents,iftheamountoftime who arenotworkingina Title Ipreschoolprogramincludingnon-instructional A paraprofessionalmayassumelimited duties thatareassignedtosimilarpersonnel

in a W who ar de M e notpaidwith Title Ifunds? http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/paraguidance.doc Title IParaprofessionals Non-RegulatoryGuidance

(34 C.F.R. §200.59(c)(2)).

Instructional support

(Mar. ).

13 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii14 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l to facilitatechildren’s transitionfrompreschoolintoa Title Ielementaryschool. coordination betweenthenon-Title Ipreschoolandthe Title Ielementaryschoolor kindergarten, andifthepurposeofprofessionaldevelopmentistoimprove preschool arelikelytobeattendinga Title Ielementaryschoolwhentheyenter be usedforsuchprofessionaldevelopmentifthechildrenservedinanon-Title I paraprofessionals ina Title Ielementaryschool.Forexample, Title Ifundsmay programs withno Title Ifunds,suchasHeadStart,orfornon-Title Iteachersand development fornon-Title Ipreschoolteachersandparaprofessionalsworkingin Under certainconditions, Title Ifundsmayalsobeusedforprofessional support learningathomethatwillhelpchildrenmeet thesestandardsandgoals. and thepreschoolcurriculumgoalswithfamilies, andhelpthemunderstandhowto preschool programsalsocanshareStateearlylearning anddevelopmentstandards children’s language,social-emotional, andcognitivedevelopment.Inaddition, with educationaltraininginthoseparentingskills mostcloselyassociatedwith learning anddevelopment. Accordingly, preschool programscanprovidefamilies for literacyinthefamily, andholdappropriateexpectations fortheirchild’s when theyengageinlanguage-richparent-childinteraction, providesupport nificant parental andfamilyengagement? school-related competencies,includingliteracyandsocial-emotionaldevelopment, w cana a child’sTitle Ipreschool program for education.Parentsandotherfamilymembersstrengthentheirchild’s buildcapacity The qualityofthehomeenvironmentandparent-childinteractioniscentralto D-3. IDEA programs(ESEA section1118(a)(2)(D) and(e)(4)). funded undertheChildCareandDevelopmentFund(CCDForCare), under otherprogramssuchasHeadStart,Statepreschoolprograms, family engagementstrategiesandactivitieswithparentinvolvement volvement policiesandthoseinotherprograms? feasible andappropriate,coordinateintegrate Title Iparentinvolvementand hat istherelationship between the Title Iparental An LEA oraschooloperating Title Ipreschoolprogrammust,totheextent D-2. activities forthoseparentsiftheirneedssowarrant. preschool parents,asappropriate,inongoingactivitiesorprovideseparate requirement orprovidingtrainingtoparents,aschoolLEA mayinclude section 1118(b). With respecttootheractivitiessuchastheannualmeeting parents ofpreschoolchildreninitsparentalinvolvementpolicyunderESEA However, aschooloperating apreschool program wouldberequiredtoinclude section 1118(a). parents ofpreschoolchildreninitsparentalinvolvementpolicyunderESEA under ESEA section1118(b). The LEA, however, wouldberequiredtoinclude to includeparentsofpreschoolchildreninitsschoolparentalinvolvementpolicy the caseofa Yes, consistentwiththe type of preschool program being operated. Forexample, in D-1. D. Parental Involvement andFamily Engagement

in W 1118 applyt Do thepar sig Ho district operatingdistrict apreschool program , aschoolwouldnotberequired ental involvement provisions inESEAsection o a Title Ipreschool program?

15 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii16 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l kindergarten, whichwillhelppreventthelossofpreviouslyacquiredskills. or otherextendedvacationperiods,andaschildrenmovetopreschool consistently reinforcecognitiveandsocial-emotionalskillsduringthesummer Programs canalsotrainandsupportparentsfamiliestodevelopaplan and familyliteracyprograms,parentleadershipdevelopmentopportunities. support, intergenerational activities, linkageswithcommunitysupportsandadult development, outreachtofathersandotherfamilymembers,socialnetworksof parent involvementindecisionmakingandprovideeducationchild participate inclassroominstructionalactivities.Programstaff canencourage the preschoolclassroomandprovidingopportunitiesforparentstoobserve access totheprogramthroughencouragingparentsandfamiliesvolunteerin frequent reportsonchildren’s progress).Programscanalsofacilitatemeaningful communication withfamilies(includingregularparent-teacherconferencesand development andlearning,suchascreatingsystemsforongoingtwo-way Preschool programsshouldengagefamiliesinsupportingtheirchildren’s support parentalinvolvementofparentspreschool children. a preschoolprogrammayusethefundsitreceives fromtheLEA’s reservationto parental involvementinitspreschoolprogram.Similarly, a Title Ischooloperating program mayusethefivepercentofitsreservation thatitretainstosupport I schools. Accordingly, anLEA thatoperatesadistrictwide Title Ipreschool Title Ipreschool program? activities. Ofthatamount,itmustdistributenot less than95percenttoits Title given fiscalyearmustreservenotlessthanonepercentforparentalinvolvement re Title parental Ifundsavailable involvement to support Yes. An LEA thatreceivesa Title I,Part A allocationofmorethan$500,000ina D-5. (ESEA section1112(b)(1)(D)). principals andteachersand,ifappropriate,tootherindividualsincludingparents funded under Title IIoftheESEA toprovideprofessionaldevelopment to professional developmentunder Title Iwithprofessionaldevelopmentprograms LEA mustdescribeinits Title IplanthestrategyLEA willusetocoordinate development activitiesthattheschoolorLEA deemsappropriate.Inaddition,an section 1118(e)(14)), includingallowingparentstoparticipateinprofessional ogram intheschool’s professional development activities? activities asparentsandfamiliesofparticipatingchildrenmayrequest(ESEA ay aschoolincludeparents ofchildren ina Title Ipreschool Yes. A Title Ischoolmustprovidereasonablesupportforparentalinvolvement D-4.

in a A pr M

(E)(i)). section 1112(b)(1) programs (ESEA elementary school those programsto of childrenin for thetransition including plans preschool programs, programs, andother funded preschool Child Care,State- IDEA programs, such asHeadStart, or schoollevel, the servicesitprovidesunder Title IwithothereducationalservicesattheLEA In itslocal Title Iplan,anLEA mustdescribehowitwillcoordinateand integrate E-3. (ESEA section1115(c)(1)(D)). preschool programs,andothertoelementaryschoolprograms Title Ipreschoolprograms,HeadStart,IDEA programs, ChildCare,State-funded assist preschoolchildreninthetransitionfromearlylearningprograms,suchas support theschool’s regulareducationprogram,whichmayincludeservicesto A schooloperatingatargeted assistanceprogrammustcoordinatewithand E-2. transition (ESEA section1114(b)(1)(G); 34C.F.R. §200.28(e)) schoolwide planadescriptionofhowitwillassistpreschoolchildreninthis programs, toelementaryschoolprogramsandmustincludeinitscomprehensive programs, ChildCare,State-fundedpreschoolandother early learningprograms,suchas Title Ipreschoolprograms,HeadStart,IDEA A schoolwideprogramschoolmustassistpreschoolchildreninthetransitionfrom E-1. E. Transition from Preschool to Kindergarten

school prog children inthe transition from preschool to elementary What responsibilities doesanLEAhave to assistpreschool from schoolprograms? preschool to elementary program have to assistpreschool children inthetransition What responsibilities doesa Title Itargeted assistance from school programs? preschool to elementary have What responsibilities doesaschoolwideprogram school

to assistpr rams? eschool children inthetransition .

17 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii18 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l attend theLEA’s elementaryschoolsuponreachingschoolage. or itsschoolsoperateandotherpreschoolprograms thatservechildrenwhowill an LEA toaddresscoordinationbetween any Title Ipreschoolprogramsthatit F. Coordination Federal withOther Programs Title Irequirementsapplytothe useof Title Ifunds. based earlylearningprograms forat-riskchildren.Intheexampleslisted below, all Start programs,ChildCare, State-fundedpreschoolprograms,orothercommunity- program, anLEA orschoolmayuse Title Ifunds tocomplementorextendHead Child Care, HeadStart, xtend preschool, State-funded In additiontosupportingpreschoolchildrenparticipating ina Title Ipreschool w may aschooloranLEAuse Title Ifundsto complement F-3. school programs(ESEA section1112(b)(1)(E)(i)) including itsplansforthetransitionofchildreninthoseprogramstoelementary Head Startandotherpreschoolprograms(e.g.,IDEA-fundedprograms), eschool programs? integrate servicesitprovidesunder Title Iwithothereducationalservices,suchas Yes. An LEA’s Title IplanmustdescribehowtheLEA willcoordinateand F-2. who willattendtheschoolsofLEA (ESEA section1120B(a)): Start agenciesand,iffeasible,otherearlylearningprogramsthatservechildren preschool program,mustcarryoutthefollowingcoordinationactivitieswithHead outwith hat coordination mustanLEAcarry activities Each LEA receiving Title Ifunds,regardlessofwhetheritoperatesa Title I F-1. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ pr Must anLEAc Head S W risk childr or otherc or e Ho by HeadStartprograms.(ESEA section1120B(b)). Linking theeducationalservicesprovidedbyLEA withthoseprovided staff; and staff, HeadStartstaff, or, whereappropriate,otherearlylearningprogram Organizing andparticipatinginjointtransition-relatedtrainingofschool individual children; early learningprogramstodiscussthedevelopmentalandotherneedsof school teachers,HeadStartor, ifappropriate,teachersfromother Conducting meetingsinvolvingparents,kindergarten orelementary program counterparts; Establishing communicationbetweenschoolstaff andtheirearlylearning of preschoolchildren,withtheirfamily’s consent; Developing andimplementingasystematicprocedureforreceivingrecords tart agenciesandotherearlychildhoodprograms? tart ommunity-based earlylearningprogramsommunity-based for at- en? oordinate its Title Iprograms with . It isparticularlyimportantfor

accordance with theLEA’s SIG application. young children. The high-qualitypreschool programmustbecarried outin preschool programthatis designedtoimproveschoolreadinessforhigh-need use SIGfundstoinclude otherstrategies,suchasimplementingahigh-quality the elementsthatcomprise aparticularschoolinterventionmodel,anLEA may schools identifiedbythe SEA aspersistentlylowest-achieving. Inadditionto ate apreschool ofaschoolintervention program aspart basis toLEAsprimarily to implementoneoffourschoolinterventionmodels in Yes. Under ESEA section1003(g),anSEA awardsSIGfundsonacompetitive ay Improvement anLEAuseSchool Grant (SIG)fundsto F-5. programs providedtopreschoolmigrantchildren. effectiveness, eliminateduplication,andreducefragmentationofinstructional section 1304(c)(1)(B)). These requirementsforcoordinationincreaseprogram Education Programhasaresponsibilitytocoordinatewith Title Iprograms(ESEA level formigrantchildren(ESEA section1112(b)(1)(E)(ii)). Similarly, theMigrant services supportedwith Title Ifunds,withservicesprovidedattheLEA or school oordinate provided withservices by theMigrant Education Yes. An LEA mustcoordinateand integrate Title Iservices,includingpreschool F-4. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Must anLEAtha model? oper M Program? c learning programsforchildrenwhoarealsoeligible Title Iservices. including State-fundedpreschool,ChildCare,andcommunity-basedearly Title Ifundsmaysupplementorexpandexistingearlylearningprograms, services. for both Title IandHeadStart,withStartfundsprovidingother Title Ifundsmayprovideeducationalservicesforchildrenwhoareeligible I-eligible children. services throughtheprovisionofextrapersonneltoworkwith Title providing servicesattimesHeadStartisnotoperating,orenriching the numberofdaysinprogram,increasingquality extending thedailyprogramforanadditionalamounttime,increasing children whoarealsoeligiblefor Title Iservices. This mayinclude Title Ifundsmaybeusedtoprovideadditionalservices toHeadStart to meettheState’s standards. might notbeeligiblefor Title Ibecausetheyarenotmostatriskoffailing and arealsoeligiblefor Title I.NotethatsomeHeadStart-eligiblechildren be usedtoservechildrenwhoareeligibleforbutnotservedbyHeadStart, Head Startmightbeunabletoservealleligiblechildren. Title Ifundsmay services. services to Title I-eligiblechildrenwhoarenoteligibleforHeadStart income requirement.Iftheydonot, Title Ifundsmaybeusedtoprovide eligible for Title ImightnotqualifyforHeadStartunderStart’s Eligibility forHeadStartisbasedontheincomelevelsofparents.Children t operates a Title Ipreschool program

19 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii20 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l programs/sif/legislation.html#guidance Secondary Education Act of1965 2010 SchoolImprovement GrantsunderSection1003(g) of theElementaryand For moreinformationregardingtheSIGprogram,see which allStatescanbenefit. Learning Challengegranteeswillserveasmodelsandsharebestpracticesfrom quality ratingandimprovementsystem.Inaddition,theRaceto Top—Early development programs,including Title Ipreschoolprograms,intheState’s tiered having aplantomaximizeparticipationofallpubliclyfundedearlylearningand learning anddevelopmentprogramsacrossStateagenciesmaximizingor development programsbyintegratingandaligningresourcespoliciesforearly Challenge programischarged withimprovingthequalityofearlylearningand A StatethatreceivesfundingthroughtheRaceto Top—Early Learning F-6.

the Top —EarlyLearning Challenge Program? How cana Title Ipreschool programRace benefitfrom the to (Feb.23,2011) (availableat ). Guidance onFiscalYear http://www2.ed.gov/

sigguidance02232011.pdf). Act of1965 Grants underSection 1003(g)oftheElementary andSecondaryEducation preschool program.See the or restructuringthatisnot a Tier Ischool)mayalsouseitsSIG fundstooperatea elementary school(essentially, a Title Ischoolinimprovement,corrective action, the schoolcanfullyand effectively implementitsselected model. A Tier III students intheschool,itmayusesomeofitsSIG fundsforthatpurpose,provided a high-qualitypreschoolprogramwouldhelpto improve theachievementof Tier I elementary schoolthatreceivesSIGfundsdeterminesimplementing intervention models:turnaround,restart,transformation, orschoolclosure.Ifa and Tier IIschools)byrequiringsuch schoolstoimplementoneoffourschool ogram with thosefunds? in thepersistentlylowest-achievingschoolseach State(essentially, Tier I ay aschoolthat receives SIGfundsoperate apreschool The SIGprogramisprimarilydesignedtoraisethe achievementofstudents G-3. failing tomeettheState’ academicachievementstandards. area mustapplyselectioncriteriatoservethosechildrenwhoaremostatriskof sufficient fundstoserveallpreschoolchildrenresidingintheschoolattendance Similarly, a Title Ischooloperating academic achievementstandards. may onlyservechildrenwhoaremostatriskoffailingtomeettheState’s requirements. Notethata Title Ischooloperatinga and theschoolimplementspreschoolprogramconsistentwithallapplicable use ofitsfundsholdsthemostpromiseforraisingachievementstudents eschool program? section 1113 tooperateapreschoolprogramiftheschooldeterminesthatsuch ay a Title I schooluseallofits Title Ifundsto operate a Yes. A Title Ischool mayuseallofthe Title IfundsitreceivesunderESEA G-2. to identifythesechildren. existing datatoidentifyat-riskpreschoolchildren,theLEA mayuse Title Ifunds State’s academicachievementstandards.However, ifanLEA hasnoappropriate available toidentifychildrenwhoarefailingormostatriskofmeeta ay anLEAuse Title Ifundsto identify eligible preschool Generally, itistheresponsibilityofanLEA touseinformationitalreadyhas G-1. G. Use ofFunds school isnotusingany Title Ifundsforstudentsinthegradesassessed. restructuring ifitmisses AYP fortwoconsecutiveyearsormore,eventhoughthe for theschool,andmustidentifyschoolimprovement,correctiveaction,or beginning ingrades3theschool,mustcalculateadequateyearlyprogress(AYP) I. Inotherwords,theLEA inwhichtheschoolislocatedmustassessallstudents program isstillsubjecttotheassessmentandaccountabilityprovisionsin Title Note alsothata Title Ischoolusingitsentireallocationtooperateapreschool

pr M children? M pr M (Feb.23,2011) (available at Guidance onFiscalYear 2010SchoolImprovement aschoolwideprogram thatdoesnothave http://www2.ed.gov/programs/sif/ targeted assistanceprogram

(See B-2.)

21 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii22 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l pages 37-41(availableat ay anLEA reserveitsentire Title Iallocation to operate a G-4. by law(ESEA section1114(a)(2)(B)). schoolwide program, includingthose fundsnecessarytoprovide servicesrequired the non-Federalfundsit would otherwisehavereceivedifitwerenotoperating a preschool program(see A-4), theLEA mustensure that theschoolreceivesallof Schoolwide program:Ifa Title Ischoolwideprogramschoolisoperatinga o operate apreschool program issupplemental? w doesan LEAorschoolensure that itsuseof depending onthetypeof TitleTitle Ifunds IpreschoolprogramtheLEA orschoolisoperating. How anLEA orschoolensuresthatits useof Title Ifundsissupplementaldiffers G-7. see theDepartment’s non-regulatoryguidance, For additionalinformationonthe Title Isupplementnotsupplantrequirements, The specificrequirementsdependonthetypeof programoperated(seeG-7). the samesupplementnotsupplantrequirementsthatapplytoall Title Iprograms. Yes. An LEA orschooloperating a Title Ipreschoolprogrammustcomplywith G-6. the requirementswithrespecttoeligiblechildren. Title Irequirementsapply, includingSEA andLEA oversightoftheprogramand preschool program,thatprogramisthenconsideredtobea Title Iprogram,andall However, if Title Ifundsareusedtoexpandor enhanceanexistingpublic publicly fundedpreschoolprograms.SeegenerallySectionFofthisdocument. xisting publicpreschool programs? to supportexistingpreschoolprograms,suchasHeadStartorothercomparable ay anLEAuse Title Ifundsto expand orenhance other Yes. ConsistentwithESEA section1112(b)(1)(K), anLEA mayuse Title Ifunds G-5. services toprivateschoolchildreninESEA section1120. its schoolsareinimprovementstatus,andtherequirementstoprovideequitable able toavoidtheaccountabilityrequirementsinESEA section1116 iftheLEA or Title Iallocationtooperateadistrictwidepreschoolprogram, theLEA wouldbe academic achievementstandards.IfanLEA werepermittedtoreserveitsentire quality tohelpstudentsservedbytheprogramachieveproficiencyonState’ participating schoolstooperatea Title Iprogramofsufficientsize,scope,and with ESEA section1113 and34C.F.R. §200.78,suchallocationsmustenable all ofitseligibleschoolattendanceareasorschools.Inaddition,inaccordance must ensurethatthereareenoughfundsremainingtomakeallocationssomeor allocation tooperateadistrictwide Title Ipreschoolprogram(see A-5), theLEA and schools.” Although anLEA mayalsoreservefundsoff thetopofits Title I LEA toallocate Title Ifundstoelementaryandsecondary“schoolattendanceareas and secondaryschools.ESEA section1113 and34C.F.R. §200.78requirean No. Title Iisbuiltontheconceptofoperatingprogramsineligibleelementary

distric M the useof Do the e M t Ho twide twide Title Ipreschool program? Title Isupplement–not–supplant provisions applyto Title Ifundsto operate apreschool program? http://www.ed.gov/programs/titleiparta/fiscalguid.pdf Title IFiscalIssues (Feb.2008),at

). s

using thefollowingthreepresumptions: would haveprovidedwithnon-Federalfundsif Title Ifundswerenotavailable program, theLEA orschoolmustdeterminewhatpreschoolservices,ifany, it for preschoolservicesviolatesthesupplantingprohibitioninatargeted assistance I funds(ESEA section1120A(b)). To determinewhetheritsuseof Title Ifunds available for Title Istudentsfromnon-Federalfundsintheabsenceof Title Title Ifundsonlyforpreschoolservicesthatsupplementthosewouldbe assistance schoolisoperatingapreschoolprogram,theLEA orschoolmayuse Targeted assistance program inaschoolor LEA:Ifan ora Title Itargeted ♦ 1. ♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ uses Title Ifundstoprovidethoseserviceschildrenwho areatriskof ESEA section 1120A(b) ifanLEA ora Title Itargeted assistanceschool children, itwouldviolatethesupplementnotsupplant requirementin Example 1 required bylawtoprovide. school wouldusenon-Federalfundstoprovidepreschool servicesthatitis supplanting. Presumably, intheabsenceof Title Ifunds,theLEA or is requiredtoprovidebyStateorlocallawraises apresumptionof for preschoolservicesthatanLEA or Title Itargeted assistance school areWhether preschool required services by law example, afull-daypreschoolprogram. funds, however, tosupplementthosepreschoolservicesbyproviding,for provide thoseservices. The schoolwideprogramschoolmayuse Title I sufficient non-Federalresourcestoa Title Ischoolwideprogramschoolto half-day preschoolprogramineachofitsschools,theLEA mustprovide Example 3 families. serving, forexample,four-year-old childrenwhoarenotfromlow-income however, tosupplementthepreschoolservicesrequiredbyStatelawalso Title Ifunds. The schoolwideprogramschoolmayuse Title Ifunds, Federal resourcestoprovidethoseserviceswithoutregardtheschool’s LEA doesnotprovidea Title Ischoolwideprogramschoolsufficientnon- supplement notsupplantrequirementinESEA section1114(a)(2)(B) ifthe all four-year-old childrenfromlow-incomefamilies,itwouldviolate the Example 2 three-year-old children. the preschoolservicesrequiredbyStatelawalsoserving,forexample, schoolwide programschoolmayuse Title Ifunds,however, tosupplement provide thoseserviceswithoutregardtotheschool’s Title Ifunds. The a Title Ischoolwideprogramschoolsufficientnon-Federalresourcesto requirement inESEA section1114(a)(2)(B) iftheLEA doesnotprovide to allfour-year oldchildren,itwould violatethesupplementnotsupplant Example 1 : IfStatelawrequirespreschoolservicesforallfour-year-old : IfanLEA,asamatterofschoolboardpolicy, providesa : IfStatelawrequiresthatanLEA providepreschoolservicesto : IfStatelawrequiresthatanLEA providepreschoolservices : Using Title Ifunds 23 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii24 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l 2. ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ which allelementaryschoolsoperatea Title Ischoolwideprogram. B-2.) The exceptionisadistrictwidepreschoolprograminanLEA in at riskoffailingtomeettheState’s academicachievementstandards.(See children whomaybeservedwith Title Ifundsarechildrenwhomost Title IpreschoolprogramoperatedeitherbyanLEA oraschool,theonly State’s academicachievementstandards.Notethat,inatargeted assistance example, three-year-old childrenwhoaremostatriskoffailingtomeetthe supplement thepreschoolservicesrequiredbyStatelawalsoserving,for An LEA oratargeted assistanceschoolmayuse Title Ifunds,however, to Federal fundstoprovidethoseservicesallotherfour-year-old children. failing tomeettheState’s academicachievementstandardswhileusingnon- budget shortfallorthechanging educationalneedsofitsstudents. the samepreschoolprogram withnon-Federalfunds,perhapsbecauseof a document contemporaneously thatitwouldnothavecontinuedtoprovide This presumptionmayberebutted,however, iftheLEA orschoolcan Federal fundsinthecurrentyear. example, areareliablepredictorastohowitwould likelyspenditsnon- sufficiently importanttosupportwithnon-Federal fundslastyear supplanting. Presumably, thoseactivitiestheLEA orschooldeemed provided inprioryearswithnon-Federalfundsraises apresumptionof allowable under Title I,thatanLEA ora Title Itargeted assistanceschool Federal funds: Using Title Ifundsforapreschool program,otherwise Whether preschool the program was provided inprior years with non- achievement standards. for childrenwhoaremostatriskoffailingtomeettheState’s academic preschool programbyproviding,forexample,afull-day assistance schoolmayuse Title Ifunds,however, tosupplementthehalf-day children ina Title Itargeted assistanceschool. An LEA oratargeted 1120A(b) touse Title Ifundstoprovidethose servicestoanypreschool it wouldviolatethesupplementnotsupplantrequirementinESEA section day preschoolprogramforallfour-year-old childrenineachofitsschools, Example 3 risk offailingtomeettheState’s academicachievementstandards. year-old childrenwhoarenotfromlow-incomefamiliesbutmostat preschool servicesrequiredbyStatelawalsoserving,forexample,four- assistance schoolmayuse Title Ifunds,however, to supplementthe to providethoseservicesothereligiblechildren. An LEA oratargeted the State’s academicachievementstandardswhileusingnon-Federalfunds children fromlow-incomefamilieswhoaremostatriskoffailingtomeet targeted assistanceschooluses Title Ifundstoprovidethoseservices supplant requirementinESEA section1120A(b) ifanLEA ora Title I children fromlow-incomefamilies,itwouldviolatethesupplementnot Example 2 : IfanLEA,asamatterofschoolboardpolicy, providesahalf- : IfStatelawrequirespreschoolservicesforallfour-year-old , for schools. supplemental Stateorlocal fundsinnon-Title Ischoolsand Title Ifunds in Title I — itwouldnotviolatethe supplantingprohibition,evenifitisfundedwith are mostatriskoffailing tomeettheState’s academicachievement standards and designedspecificallytoimprovetheachievement ofpreschoolchildrenwho words, iftheprogramwouldbeallowableunder Title I—thatis,itissupplemental achievement standards(ESEA section1120A(d); 34C.F.R. §200.79(b)).Inother of preschoolchildrenwhoaremostatriskfailing tomeettheState’s academic provided withsupplementalStateorlocalfunds, anddesignedtomeettheneeds program mustqualifyasa Title Iallowable activity—i.e.,itmustbesupplemental, consistent withthecriteriain34C.F.R. §200.79(b)(2).Inessence,thepreschool for apreschoolprogramthatmeetstheintentand purposesofthe Title Iprogram An LEA mayovercomethispresumption, however, ifitusesnon-Federalfunds ♦ ♦ 3. ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ • • to providethesameservicespreschoolchildrenwhoarenotatrisk. the State’s academicachievementstandardswhileusingnon-Federalfunds in theschool’s attendanceareaandwhoaremostatriskoffailingtomeet school uses Title Ifundstoprovidepreschoolservicesforchildrenwholive supplement notsupplantrequirementinESEA section1120A(b) ifthe Example 2 services toallotherpreschoolchildren. achievement standardsandusesnon-Federalfundstoprovidethesame children whoaremostatriskoffailingtomeettheState’s academic program, theLEA uses Title Ifundstoprovidepreschoolservicesfor in ESEA section1120A(b) if,toimplementadistrictwide preschool Example 1 would alsoprovideonefor Title Istudentsintheabsenceof Title Ifunds. important toprovideapreschoolprogramfornon-Title Istudents,theLEA presumption ofsupplanting.Presumably, ifanLEA deemsitsufficiently LEA isprovidingtonon-Title Istudentswith Stateorlocalfundsraisesa non-Federal funds: Using Title Ifundsforapreschoolprogramthatan Whether preschool the program is provided to non-Title Istudents with resources. Suchdocumentationshoulddemonstratethat: the preschoolprogramwouldnotbeprovidedbecauseofalackState documenting contemporaneouslythat,intheabsenceof Title Ifunds, the LEA orschoolmaybeabletorebutthepresumptionofsupplantingby to operateapreschoolprogramsupportedintheprioryearwithStatefunds, Example • • reasons forthedecisiontoeliminatepreschoolprogram. funds. These records,suchasschoolboardminutes,wouldincludethe program withouttakingintoconsiderationtheavailabilityof Title I The LEA orschoolmadethedecisiontoeliminatepreschool pay forthepreschoolprogram;and There wasinfactareducedamountorlackofStatefundsavailableto : IfanLEA or Title Itargeted assistanceschooluses Title Ifunds : A Title Itargeted assistanceschoolwouldviolatethe : An LEA wouldviolatethesupplementnotsupplantrequirement 25 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii26 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l based organizations (FBOs)),achild’s home,andother appropriatesettings. community centers,privately ownedfacilities(including byfaith- here may anLEAoperate a Title Ipreschool program? I servicesmaybeprovided, includingpublicschoolbuildings,libraries, An LEA may operatea Title Ipreschoolprogram atanylocationthatother Title G-10. students theopportunitytopayparticipatein preschoolprogram. academic achievement standards, anLEA mightoffer parentsofnon-Title I-eligible To includepreschoolchildrenwhoarenotatriskoffailing to meettheState’s attendance areas. State’s academicachievementstandards andwholiveinnon-participatingschool to providepreschoolservicesonlychildrenwho areatriskoffailingtomeetthe presumption maybeovercomeifanLEA usessupplementalStateorlocalfunds not beanallowableuseof Title Ifunds. (SeeG-7.) As notedinG-7,however, this in thesameschoolorLEA raisesthepresumptionofsupplantingandwould while usingnon-Federalfundstoprovidethesameservicesotherchildreneither are mostatriskoffailingtomeettheState’s academicachievementstandards o otherchildren inthat schoolorintheLEA? children wholiveina Title Itargeted assistanceschoolattendanceareaandwho ible children ina Title Itargeted assistance schoolwhile It depends.Generally, theuseof Title Ifundstoprovidepreschoolservices ay anLEAuse Title Ifundsto provide to preschool services G-9. of ESEA section1120A(b). (SeeG-7.) assistance schoolmaybeinviolationofthesupplementnotsupplantrequirement preschool childrenwhoarenoteligiblefor Title I,anLEA ora Title Itargeted funds and local costs associatedwithservingpreschoolchildrennoteligiblefor Title I.If consistent withtherequirementsofthoseprograms,maybeusedtopayfor Head Start,ChildCare,IDEA preschoolprograms,orother who areeligiblefor Title Iservices.Federalfundssuchasthoseusedtofund Title Iactivitiesthatareassociatedwiththeparticipation ofpreschoolchildren itle Ifundsinapreschool program ifonlysomeofthe Yes. However, Title Ifundsmayonlybeusedtopayforthecostsallowable ay anLEAora Title Itargeted assistance schooluse G-8. ♦

♦

t using non-F elig M childr T M W services iftheyresidedina Title Iparticipatingschoolattendancearea. served withsupplementalStateorlocalfundswouldbeeligiblefor Title I areas. The criticaldifference inthisexampleisthatthepreschoolchildren at riskpreschoolchildrenwholiveinnon-participatingschoolattendance uses supplementalStateorlocalfundstoprovidethesameprogramfor risk childrenwholivein Title Iparticipatingschoolattendanceareasand requirement ifituses Title Ifundstoprovideapreschoolprogramforat Example en are eligible for Title Iservices? areusedtopayforthecostsassociatedwithparticipationof : An LEA wouldnotviolatethesupplementsupplant ederal funds to provide thesameservices State State

instruction andshouldenhance teachingandlearning. these typesofassessments shouldthenbeusedtomakeinformeddecisions about valid fortheintendedpurpose andpopulation. The information gleanedfrom selected individuallyadministered standardizedassessmentsthatarereliable and and documentationofchildren’s learning, formativeassessments,andcarefully Rather, appropriate assessmentsforpreschoolchildrenmayinclude:observation large-group assessments,whicharenotallowedbelowthirdgradeinsomeStates. Assessment ofyoungchildrendoesnotimplythe useofpaper-and-pencil or factors forschoolfailure. those childrenwhohavehighneeds,requirespecial help,orfacemultiplerisk by ongoingmonitoringofchildren’s progress, teachersandschoolscanidentify all essentialdomainsofschoolreadiness.Inaddition, throughinitialscreeningand instruction sothatall Title Ipreschool childrendevelopastrongfoundationacross and culturallyappropriateassessmentmeasurestoassistwithindividualizing the DepartmentrecommendsthatanLEA usedevelopmentally, linguistically, Title Irequire anLEAto test preschool children? development, thebetterabletheyaretomeetthosechildren’s needs. Therefore, more teachersknowaboutchildren’s cognitive,social-emotional,andhealth children mustbetestedforprogramaccountabilitypurposes.However, the No. UnderESEA section1111(b)(3), thirdgradeistheearliestatwhich G-14. alterations tobathroomfacilitiesaccommodatesmallchildren. (34 C.F.R. §77.1(c)).Forexample, Title Ifundsmightbeusedtomakeminor and doesnotinvolvebuildingconstructionorstructuralalterationstoa commodate apreschool program? remodeling, whichmeansminoralterationsinapreviouslycompletedbuilding Yes. Ifotherappropriatespaceisnotavailable, Title Ifundsmaybeusedforminor G-13. May Title Ifundsbeusedfor minorremodeling to and thecostisreasonable(2C.F.R. Part225, Appendix B,¶43). ately owned to provide facility preschool services? preschool program,providedotherappropriatespaceisnotavailabletotheLEA building isallowableifthespacenecessarytoensuresuccessofa Title I ay Title Ifunds beusedto pay thecost ofrenting a Yes. Using Title Ifundstopaythecostofrentingspaceinaprivatelyowned G-12. facilitate effective programimplementation. Head StartorChildCare.Inanycase,thesettingshouldbeofsufficientqualityto enrollment, orimprovethequalityofexistingearlylearningprogramssuchas an LEA mightconsiderusing Title Ifundstoextendthenumberofhours,expand eschool program intheLEA,how might Title Ifunds If appropriatefacilitiesarenotavailabletoprovidea Title Ipreschoolprogram, f appropriate facilitiesare notavailable to housea G-11.

Does ac priv M be usedt pr I o provide preschool services?

27 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii28 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l children withdisabilities. ensure thatassessmenttoolsareappropriateforusewithEnglishLearnersand validated foritsintendedpurposeandpopulation.Carealsoshouldbetakento When choosinganassessmenttool,LEA shouldensurethatthetoolhasbeen (2 funds maybeused,asalastresort,toaddressthoseneeds(ESEA section1115(e) from otherpublicorprivatesourcestoprovidethoseservices,aportionof Title I partnership withlocalserviceproviders,andfundsarenotreasonablyavailable engaged inacomprehensiveneedsassessmentandestablishedcollaborative nutrition, andothersocialservices,theLEA orschool,ifappropriate,has Yes. Ifpreschoolchildreneligiblefor Title Ipreschoolservicesneedhealth, G-15. ) ) .

children withc of May aportion Title Ifundsbeused to provide preschool omprehensive services?

Head%20Start%20Requirements/Head%20Start%20Act/headstartact.html#641A). hslc/Head%20Start%20Program/Program%20Design%20and%20Management/ Act (ESEA section1112(c)(1)(G)) (availableat performance standardsineffect undersection641A(a)(1)(B)oftheHeadStart eceiving Title Ifunds? families mustensurethatthoseservicescomply at aminimumwiththeeducation hat achievement standards applyto preschool programs A Title Ipreschoolprogram thatprovidesservicestochildrenfromlow-income H-3. w cananSEAsupport Title Ipreschools? Some SEAsarepresentlysupporting Title Ipreschoolsthrough— H-2. (ESEA sections1111, 9304). to a espect Title Ipreschool program? including preschoolprogramsoperated,inwholeorpart,with Title Ifunds hat oversight responsibilities doesanSEAhave with As the Title Igrantee,anSEA isresponsibleforoversightofall Title Iprograms, H-1. of H. SEASupport Title IPreschool Programs ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Ho r W r W instruction, programs,andservices. interpreting andusingassessmentdatainordertoinformimprove providing trainingonstandardsandinappropriatelyadministering, and Education(wheretheyexist); early learningprogramsandwithState Advisory CouncilsforEarlyCare coordinating Title Ipreschoolefforts withagenciesadministeringother entities carryingoutearlylearningprograms; supporting collaborationbetweentheLEA andHeadStartagencyother preschool programsandsharingresearch-basedeffective practices; raising awarenessabouthow Title Ifundscanbestbeusedtosupport preschools andthosethatarestruggling; encouraging theformationofmentoringrelationshipsbetweeneffective under theESEA; an improvementstrategyforschoolsandLEAsidentified promoting implementationofhigh-quality Title Ipreschoolprogramsas http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/

29 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii30 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l development..htm Requiremnts/1304/1304.21%20Education%20and%20early%20childhood%20 Development (availableat are inregulationsat45C.F.R. §1304.21─EducationandEarlyChildhood The specificHeadStartstandardsapplicableto Title Ipreschoolprograms ed.gov/early-learning. Additional resourcescanbefoundintheappendixofthisguidanceandatwww. H-4.

for supporting high-quality preschool programs? high-quality for supporting Where cananSEA,LEA,orschoolfindadditional resources ). http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/Head%20Start%20

Spanish athttp://www2.ed.gov/espanol/parents/academic/preescolar/preescolar.pdf. at on activitiesthatmakelearningfun. This publicationisavailabletodownloadfree children todeveloptheskillsnecessaryforsuccess inschoolandlifebyfocusing the world. This booklethighlightstechniquesparentscanusetoencouragetheir social andemotionalpreparation,languageskills andgeneralknowledgeof depends onanumberofthings,includingtheirhealth andphysicalwell-being, How wellchildrenwilllearnanddevelophow welltheywilldoinschool Helping Your Child Preschool teachingouryoungest/teachingouryoungest.pdf available todownloadfreeofcharge at letters andsounds,recognizenumbers,learntocount. This publicationis their knowledge,becomefamiliarwithbooksandotherprintedmaterials,learn This guidediscusseshowtohelpchildrendeveloptheirlanguageabilities,increase Providers Teaching Youngest: Our Teachers, GuideforPreschool ChildCare Family and NELPEarlyBeginnings09.pd is availabletodownloadfreeofcharge at increase theirknowledgebaseandrefinecurrentliteracypractice. development staff provideteacherswiththesupportandtrainingneededto This guideistohelpearlychildhoodadministrators,supervisors,andprofessional Literacy Early KnowledgeInstruction Beginnings: and Early publications/pdf/NELPReport09.pdf publication isavailabletodownloadfreeofcharge athttp://lincs.ed.gov/ instructional practicesusedwithchildrenfrombirththroughagefive. This reportoftheNationalEarlyLiteracyPanelexaminesimplications Literacy Early Panel oftheNational Developing Literacy: Early Report From theU.S. ofEducation Department be foundat available tosupporthigh-qualityearlylearningprograms. Additional resourcescan The followingresourcesrepresentasmallsampleoftheresearch-based Early Learning Programs ResourcesHigh-Quality Appendix A:Selected to Support

http://www2.ed.gov/parents/earlychild/ready/preschool/preschool.pd www.ed.gov/early-learning f. . . http://www2.ed.gov/teachers/how/early/ http://lincs.ed.gov/publications/pdf/ . This publication This f andin 31 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii32 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l LearningtoTalkandListen.pdf is availabletodownloadfreeat An orallanguageresourceforearlychildhoodcaregivers. This publication Learning to Talk Listen and pubs/101s.pdf. org/docs/pubs/101e.pdf andinSpanish at This publicationisavailable todownloadfreeat care. Italsoincludesachecklist tousewhenchoosingachildcarehome or center. This brochureprovidesparents withfivehelpfulstepstochoosingquality child Give Your Will That ChildSomething LastaLifetime publications/data/qris-compendium.pdf to downloadfreeat Assessment Systems(QRS)andQRSevaluations. This publicationisavailable an analyticframeworkforassessingthecriticalelements ofQualityRatingand (DHHS) offers thiscompendiumwhichprovidesdefinitions,description, and for ChildrenandFamilies(ACF),U.S.Department ofHealthandHumanServices The OfficeofPlanning,ResearchandEvaluation (OPRE)inthe Administration Compendium Rating ofQuality Systems Evaluations and From theU.S. of Health andHumanServices Department academic/help/reader/part9.htm This publicationisavailabletodownloadfreeat develop certainskillsastheymovethroughtheearlystagesoflearninglanguage. learn atbirth—aprocessthatisbothcomplicatedandamazing.Mostchildren Learning toreadisbuiltonafoundationoflanguageskillsthatchildrenstart Your ChildBecome aReader Typical Language Accomplishments to Age 6—Helping forChildren, Birth pdf/ShiningStarsPreschool.pdf This publicationisavailabletodownloadfreeat GetReadyPreschoolers to Read GetReady Preschoolers Shining Stars: to Read: How Parents Can HelpTheir pdf/ShiningStarsToddlers.pdf. This publicationisavailabletodownloadfreeat Toddlers GetReady to Read ToddlersShining Stars: GetReady to Read: How Parents Can HelpTheir pdf/language_tipsheet.pdf This publicationisavailabletodownloadfreeat Language Building Tips forCenter-Based andHome-BasedChildCareProviders. Words Around All http://www.childrensdefense.org/child-research-data- . . . l. http://lincs.ed.gov/publications/pdf/ . http://ccapub.childcareaware.org/docs/ http://ccapub.childcareaware. http://www2.ed.gov/parents/ http://lincs.ed.gov/publications/ http://lincs.ed.gov/publications/ http://lincs.ed.gov/publications/

Start_English.pdf Bookstore/PDFs/Revisiting%20Multicultural%20Principles%20for%20Head%20 available todownloadfreeat community, aswellreflectivequestionsoractivities. Thispublicationis includes abriefresearchreview, keyimplications,storiesfromtheHeadStart This publicationhighlightsthetenoriginalMulticulturalPrinciples(1991)and to Five ChildrenAges Birth Serving Programs Revisiting theMulticultural Updating PrinciplesforHeadStart and children. The entiretextcanbeviewedon-lineforfreeat the changesneededtoimprovequalityofmathematicsexperiencesforyoung they arecurrentlybeingincorporatedinearlychildhoodsettings,andidentifies of youngchildren’s earlymathematicseducation,explorestheextenttowhich This bookprovidesinformationaboutthecriticalareasthatshouldbefocus Paths Learning Childhood: Toward inEarly Mathematics Excellence Equity and www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12446 to betteroutcomesforchildren. The entiretextcanbeviewedon-lineat used appropriatelycaninformteachingandprogramimprovement,contribute implemented, developedinthecontextofsystematicplanning,andinterpreted This booklooksathowassessmentsthatarewelldesigned,effectively Assessment:Why, Childhood Early What,How and nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309068363 and cognitivedevelopment. The entiretextcanbeviewedon-lineat foundations fortheirlatersocialandemotionalbehavior, aswelltheirliteracy This bookincludesresearchfindingsonhowchildren’s earlyexperienceslaythe Eager to Learn: Educating Preschoolers Our From theNational Research Council php?record_id=6014 Children. This bookcanbeviewedon-lineat This isapractitioner’s guidebasedonPreventingReading Difficultiesin Young AGuideto Promoting Right: Children’s Out Starting Reading Success id=6023. The entiretextcanbeviewedon-lineat critical foundationtofacilitatechildren’s acquisition ofessentialreadingskills. preschool andkindergarten environmentsandtheircontributiontoprovidinga an integratedpictureofhowreadingdevelopsand theimportanceofhigh-quality This bookprovidesasummaryreportthatexamines researchfindingstoprovide Preventing Reading in Difficulties YoungChildren catalog.php?record_id=12519#description . . http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/resources/ECLKC_ http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_ . . . http://www.nap.edu/catalog.

http://www.nap.edu/ http://www. http:// 33 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii34 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l

positive outcomesforchildren. This reportisavailable at on howassessmentdata can beusedtoimprovepreschoolprograms,and enhance be adaptedinmultiplestates, employstate-of-the-artevaluationmethods, andfocus third grade. The Task Forceargues theirrecommendationsareflexible enoughto curriculum, instruction,andassessmentsasacontinuum frompreschoolthrough child outcomesthatincludealigninghigh-quality andcomprehensivestandards, recommendations ondevelopingacomprehensive assessmentsystemtoimprove This reportoftheNationalEarlyChildhood Accountability Task Forcemakes (October 2007). TheProgram by Quality National EarlyChildhood Accountability Task Force Taking Learning Improving and Assessingand Childhood Stock: Early pdf. at http://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/position%20statement%20Web. kindergarten, andprimarylevels. The NAEYCpositionpaperofDAP isavailable including extensiveexamplesofappropriatepracticeforinfant/toddler, preschool, about teachingintentionally. Chaptersdescribechildrenfrombirththroughage8, development, learning,andeffective practices,aswellwhatexperiencetellsus the revisedandexpandedthirdeditionbasedonwhatresearchsaysabout Programs, hasbeenanessentialresourcefortheearlychildcarefield. NAEYC’s book,Developmentally Appropriate Practice(DAP)inEarlyChildhood by CarolCopple&SueBredekamp(2009).Sincethefirsteditionin1987, through Age 8 Children Birth Programs Serving Developmentally Practice Childhood Appropriate inEarly csefel.vanderbilt.edu/documents/make_the_most_of_playtime2.pdf new skillsthroughplay. This publication isavailabletodownloadfreeat This publicationfeaturestipsforhowparentscanhelpchildrenlearnanddevelop Make theMostofPlaytime BE024206/Dual_Language_Learners.pdf is availabletodownloadfreeofcharge at succeeding inpreparingDLLsforkindergarten andfirstgrade. Thispublication (DLLs) fromavarietyofanglesanddiscussesthedegreetowhichnationis This reportexaminestheconditionsofearlychildhoodforduallanguagelearners Dual Language Learners Years: intheEarly GettingReady to Succeed inSchool government ortheU.S.DepartmentofEducation. authors aretheirown,anddonotnecessarilyrepresentthepoliciesofFederal of Educationisintendedorshouldbeinferred. The viewsexpressedbythe the reader’s convenience,and noofficialendorsementbytheU.S.Department The U.S.DepartmentofEducationisprovidingthelistresourcesbelowfor Additional Resources edu/files/PREK3RD/resources/pdf/accountablility_Task_Force_FinalReport1.pdf . http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/files/rcd/

http://www.icpsr.mich. . This is http:// scholastic development during theearlychildhood years. may bemore likelytohavelong-term effects iftheydirectlyimpactcognitive and for thecognitive advantagehypothesis foundinthisstudyindicates thatprograms Chicago LongitudinalStudy thatbeganinthespringof1986. The strongsupport of continuousintervention. The datareportedinthismonograph arefromthe support servicesfrompreschool totheearlyelementarygradesforup six years children participated.Since 1967,theCPC’s providededucational andfamily Child-Parent Center(CPC) Programinwhichover1,200low-incomepreschool This bookreportsontheeffects ofparticipationinthe Title Ifunded Chicago Reynolds (2000). Success TheChicago Intervention: inEarly Child-Parent Centers by Arthur neuroimaging work, Vygotskian theory, andfindingsfrom international studies. school, theteacher-child relationship,sociodramaticplay, vocabularydevelopment, Critical newtopicsareaddressedinthisvolume, suchasthetransitionto early interventionandresearchontheefficacyof theseapproachesaredescribed. who strugglemostinschool. Various approachestoinstruction, assessment,and family, andsocialservicestoprovidethenecessarysupportforthosechildren literacy needsofallchildrenandemphasizestheimportancecoordinatedschool, and familiesinthisprocess. Attention isdevotedtotheimportanceofmeeting knowledge thatemerge aschildrenbecomeliterate,welltherolesofpeers acquisition ofliteracy. As inthefirstvolume,chaptersfocusonvariousskillsand cognitive development,andemphasizingtheimportanceofculturalcontextsin of earlyliteracy, andthencontinuesbysummarizingcurrentknowledgeon topics thatwerecoveredearlierandaddressesbroadquestionsaboutthenature early literacyandintervention.Itprovidesadditionalperspectivesonimportant This volumeisanupdateto Volume I,whichexaminedcurrentresearchon Neuman (2006). Literacy ofEarly Research, VolumeHandbook 2by andSusan David Dickinson choice offriends. can contributeatleastasmuchtoachild’s futuresuccessastheirheredityand provide evidencethatthelanguagetoolsprovidedtochildrenthroughconversation important toboththeircognitiveandsocial/emotionallearning. The authors children areyoung. Talking withchildren providesthemwithexperiencesthatare that theyhaveasimplemessageforparents:theirconversationmatterswhen figures withtheirdataandthoroughlydiscussfindings.HartRisleystate and examinesthepatternsinthattransmission. The authorsprovidetablesand language experienceintheintergenerational transmissionoflanguagecompetence American Children. Itgoesbeyondthediscussioninearlierbookonroleof earlier book, This bookfollowsthegroundbreakingstudyreportedbyHartandRisleyintheir (1999). WorldThe Social ofChildren:Learning to Talk and Hart by Betty Todd Risley that isnowknownaboutchildren’s mindsandhowtheylearn. children’s development. The authorsconciselyarticulatethebodyofinformation This booklookswithgreatdetailintotherelationshipbetweenscienceandyoung Kuhl (1999). intheCribby Andrew AlisonThe Scientist Gopnik, Meltzoff, and Patricia Meaningful Differences intheEverydayExperiencesofYoung 35 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l ii36 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l 37 u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l u l The Department of Education’s mission is to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access.

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