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Ultrasound Evaluation of the Abductor Hallucis Muscle: Reliability Study Alyse FM Cameron, Keith Rome and Wayne a Hing*
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research BioMed Central Research Open Access Ultrasound evaluation of the abductor hallucis muscle: Reliability study Alyse FM Cameron, Keith Rome and Wayne A Hing* Address: AUT University, School of Rehabilitation & Occupation Studies, Health & Rehabilitation Research Centre, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand Email: Alyse FM Cameron - [email protected]; Keith Rome - [email protected]; Wayne A Hing* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 25 September 2008 Received: 29 May 2008 Accepted: 25 September 2008 Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2008, 1:12 doi:10.1186/1757-1146-1-12 This article is available from: http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/1/1/12 © 2008 Cameron et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The Abductor hallucis muscle (AbdH) plays an integral role during gait and is often affected in pathological foot conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the within and between-session intra-tester reliability using diagnostic ultrasound of the dorso-plantar thickness, medio-lateral width and cross-sectional area, of the AbdH in asymptomatic adults. Methods: The AbdH muscles of thirty asymptomatic subjects were imaged and then measured using a Philips HD11 Ultrasound machine. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate both within and between session intra-tester reliability. Results: The within-session reliability results demonstrated for dorso-plantar thickness an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.99–0.99); medio-lateral width an ICC: of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97) and cross- sectional area an ICC of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98–0.99). -
A Rare Variation of the Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Clinical
CASE REPORT A rare variation of the inferior mesenteric vein with clinical implications Danielle Park, Sarah Blizard, Natalie O’Toole, Sheeva Norooz, Martin Dela Torre, Young Son, Michael McGuinness, Mei Xu Park D, Blizard S, O’Toole N, et al. A rare variation of the inferior the middle colic vein. The superior mesenteric vein then united with the mesenteric vein with clinical implications. Int J Anat Var. Mar 2019;12(1): splenic vein to become the hepatic portal vein. Awareness of this uncommon 024-025. anatomy of the inferior mesenteric vein is important in planning a successful gastrointestinal surgery. Several variations of the inferior mesenteric vein have been previously described. However, this report presents a rare variation that has not yet been noted. In this case, the small inferior mesenteric vein drained into a Key Words: Inferior mesenteric vein; Marginal vein; Middle colic vein; Superior tributary of the marginal vein, which joined the superior mesenteric vein via mesenteric vein INTRODUCTION he portal venous system consists of four large veins: the hepatic portal, Tsplenic (SV), superior mesenteric (SMV) and inferior mesenteric (IMV). The SMV collects the venous return from the small intestine, stomach, pancreas, cecum, ascending colon and proximal portion of the transverse colon. The SMV tributaries include the small intestine, right gastro-omental, inferior pancreaticoduodenal, ileocolic, right colic, middle colic (MCV) and marginal (MarV) veins. The IMV receives the blood from the superior rectal, sigmoid and left colic veins, which cover the distal portion of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and superior rectum. According to the description by Thompson in 1890, the portal vein tributaries are categorized into four types [1]. -
Anatomical Study of Minimally Invasive Lateral Release
FAIXXX10.1177/1071100720920863Foot & Ankle InternationalDalmau-Pastor et al 920863research-article2020 Article Foot & Ankle International® 1 –9 Anatomical Study of Minimally Invasive © The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions Lateral Release Techniques for Hallux DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100720920863 10.1177/1071100720920863 Valgus Treatment journals.sagepub.com/home/fai Miki Dalmau-Pastor, PhD1,2 , Francesc Malagelada, MD, PhD1,2,3, Guillaume Cordier, MD2,4, Jorge Javier Del Vecchio, MD, MBA2,5,6 , Mauricio Esteban Ghioldi, MD7, and Jordi Vega, MD1,2,8 Abstract Background: Lateral release (LR) for the treatment of hallux valgus is a routinely performed technique, either by means of open or minimally invasive (MI) surgery. Despite this, there is no available evidence of the efficacy and safety of MI lateral release. Our aim was to study 2 popular techniques for MI LR in cadavers by subsequently dissecting the released anatomical structures. Methods: Twenty-two cadaveric feet were included in the study and allocated into 2 groups, 1 for each procedure: 1 group underwent a MI adductor tendon release (AR), and in the other group, an extensive percutaneous lateral release (EPLR) (adductor tendon, suspensory ligament, phalanx-sesamoid ligament, lateral head of flexor hallucis brevis, and deep transverse metatarsal ligament) was performed. Anatomical dissection was performed to identify neurovascular injuries and to verify the released structures. Results: Both techniques demonstrated to be effective in reproducing a MI LR. A satisfactory release of the adductor tendon was achieved equally in both techniques (P = .85), being partial in most EPLR cases and full in the majority of AR cases. -
Contents VII
Contents VII Contents Preface .............................. V 3.2 Supply of the Connective Tissue ....... 28 List of Abbreviations ................... VI Diffusion ......................... 28 Picture Credits ........................ VI Osmosis .......................... 29 3.3 The “Creep” Phenomenon ............ 29 3.4 The Muscle ....................... 29 Part A Muscle Chains 3.5 The Fasciae ....................... 30 Philipp Richter Functions of the Fasciae .............. 30 Manifestations of Fascial Disorders ...... 30 Evaluation of Fascial Tensions .......... 31 1 Introduction ..................... 2 Causes of Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions .. 31 1.1 The Significance of Muscle Chains Genesis of Myofascial Disorders ........ 31 in the Organism ................... 2 Patterns of Pain .................... 32 1.2 The Osteopathy of Dr. Still ........... 2 3.6 Vegetative Innervation of the Organs ... 34 1.3 Scientific Evidence ................. 4 3.7 Irvin M. Korr ...................... 34 1.4 Mobility and Stability ............... 5 Significance of a Somatic Dysfunction in the Spinal Column for the Entire Organism ... 34 1.5 The Organism as a Unit .............. 6 Significance of the Spinal Cord ......... 35 1.6 Interrelation of Structure and Function .. 7 Significance of the Autonomous Nervous 1.7 Biomechanics of the Spinal Column and System .......................... 35 the Locomotor System .............. 7 Significance of the Nerves for Trophism .. 35 .............. 1.8 The Significance of Homeostasis ....... 8 3.8 Sir Charles Sherrington 36 Inhibition of the Antagonist or Reciprocal 1.9 The Nervous System as Control Center .. 8 Innervation (or Inhibition) ............ 36 1.10 Different Models of Muscle Chains ..... 8 Post-isometric Relaxation ............. 36 1.11 In This Book ...................... 9 Temporary Summation and Local, Spatial Summation .................. 36 Successive Induction ................ 36 ......... 2ModelsofMyofascialChains 10 3.9 Harrison H. Fryette ................. 37 2.1 Herman Kabat 1950: Lovett’s Laws ..................... -
Hallux Varus As Complication of Foot Compartment Syndrome
The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery 50 (2011) 504–506 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery journal homepage: www.jfas.org Tips, Quips, and Pearls “Tips, Quips, and Pearls” is a special section in The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery which is devoted to the sharing of ideas to make the practice of foot and ankle surgery easier. We invite our readers to share ideas with us in the form of special tips regarding diagnostic or surgical procedures, new devices or modifications of devices for making a surgical procedure a little bit easier, or virtually any other “pearl” that the reader believes will assist the foot and ankle surgeon in providing better care. Please address your tips to: D. Scot Malay, DPM, MSCE, FACFAS, Editor, The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery, PO Box 590595, San Francisco, CA 94159-0595; E-mail: [email protected] Hallux Varus as Complication of Foot Compartment Syndrome Paul Dayton, DPM, MS, FACFAS 1, Jean Paul Haulard, DPM, MS 2 1 Director, Podiatric Surgical Residency, Trinity Regional Medical Center, Fort Dodge, IA 2 Resident, Trinity Regional Medical Center, Fort Dodge, IA article info abstract Keywords: Hallux varus can present as a congenital deformity or it can be acquired secondary to trauma, surgery, or deformity neuromuscular disease. In the present report, we describe the presence of hallux varus as a sequela of great toe calcaneal fracture with entrapment of the medial plantar nerve in the calcaneal tunnel and recommend that metatarsophalangeal joint clinicians be wary of this when they clinically, and radiographically, evaluate patients after calcaneal fracture. -
On the Position and Course of the Deep Plantar Arteries, with Special Reference to the So-Called Plantar Metatarsal Arteries
Okajimas Fol. anat. jap., 48: 295-322, 1971 On the Position and Course of the Deep Plantar Arteries, with Special Reference to the So-Called Plantar Metatarsal Arteries By Takuro Murakami Department of Anatomy, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan -Received for publication, June 7, 1971- Recently, we have confirmed that, as in the hand and foot of the monkey (Koch, 1939 ; Nishi, 1943), the arterial supply of the human deep metacarpus is composed of two layers ; the superficial layer on the palmar surfaces of the interosseous muscles and the deep layer within the muscles (Murakami, 1969). In that study, we pointed out that both layers can be classified into two kinds of arteries, one descending along the boundary of the interosseous muscles over the metacarpal bone (superficial and deep palmar metacarpal arteries), and the other de- scending along the boundary of the muscles in the intermetacarpal space (superficial and deep intermetacarpal arteries). In the human foot, on the other hand, the so-called plantar meta- tarsal arteries are occasionally found deep to the plantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles in addition to their usual positions on the plantar surfaces of the muscles (Pernkopf, 1943). And they are some- times described as lying in the intermetatarsal spaces (Baum, 1904), or sometimes descending along the metatarsal bones (Edwards, 1960). These circumstances suggest the existence in the human of deep planta of the two arterial layers and of the two kinds of descending arteries. There are, however, but few studies on the courses and positions of the deep plantar arteries, especially of the so-called plantar metatarsal arteries. -
Maximum Toe Flexor Muscle Strength and Quantitative Analysis of Human
Kurihara et al. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2014, 7:26 http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/7/1/26 JOURNAL OF FOOT AND ANKLE RESEARCH RESEARCH Open Access Maximum toe flexor muscle strength and quantitative analysis of human plantar intrinsic and extrinsic muscles by a magnetic resonance imaging technique Toshiyuki Kurihara1†, Junichiro Yamauchi2,3,4*†, Mitsuo Otsuka1, Nobuaki Tottori1, Takeshi Hashimoto1,2 and Tadao Isaka1 Abstract Background: The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between the maximum isometric toe flexor muscle strength (TFS) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and to identify the major determinant of maximum TFS among CSA of the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Methods: Twenty six young healthy participants (14 men, 12 women; age, 20.4 ± 1.6 years) volunteered for the study. TFS was measured by a specific designed dynamometer, and CSA of plantar intrinsic and extrinsic muscles were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To measure TFS, seated participants optimally gripped the bar with their toes and exerted maximum force on the dynamometer. For each participant, the highest force produced amongthreetrialswasusedforfurther analysis. To measure CSA, serial T1-weighted images were acquired. Results: TFS was significantly correlated with CSA of the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses identified that the major determinant of TFS was CSA of medial parts of plantar intrinsic muscles (flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, lumbricals and abductor hallucis). There wasnosignificantdifferencebetweenmenandwomeninTFS/CSA. Conclusions: CSA of the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic muscles is one of important factors for determining the maximum TFS in humans. -
SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–Łacinsłownik Anatomiczny (Angielsko-Łacińsko-Polski)´ SKO–POLSKI)
ANATOMY WORDS (ENGLISH–LATIN–POLISH) SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–ŁACINSłownik anatomiczny (angielsko-łacińsko-polski)´ SKO–POLSKI) English – Je˛zyk angielski Latin – Łacina Polish – Je˛zyk polski Arteries – Te˛tnice accessory obturator artery arteria obturatoria accessoria tętnica zasłonowa dodatkowa acetabular branch ramus acetabularis gałąź panewkowa anterior basal segmental artery arteria segmentalis basalis anterior pulmonis tętnica segmentowa podstawna przednia (dextri et sinistri) płuca (prawego i lewego) anterior cecal artery arteria caecalis anterior tętnica kątnicza przednia anterior cerebral artery arteria cerebri anterior tętnica przednia mózgu anterior choroidal artery arteria choroidea anterior tętnica naczyniówkowa przednia anterior ciliary arteries arteriae ciliares anteriores tętnice rzęskowe przednie anterior circumflex humeral artery arteria circumflexa humeri anterior tętnica okalająca ramię przednia anterior communicating artery arteria communicans anterior tętnica łącząca przednia anterior conjunctival artery arteria conjunctivalis anterior tętnica spojówkowa przednia anterior ethmoidal artery arteria ethmoidalis anterior tętnica sitowa przednia anterior inferior cerebellar artery arteria anterior inferior cerebelli tętnica dolna przednia móżdżku anterior interosseous artery arteria interossea anterior tętnica międzykostna przednia anterior labial branches of deep external rami labiales anteriores arteriae pudendae gałęzie wargowe przednie tętnicy sromowej pudendal artery externae profundae zewnętrznej głębokiej -
Measuring and Managing Foot Muscle Weakness Submitted by Penelope Jane Latey in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
MEASURING AND MANAGING FOOT MUSCLE WEAKNESS Penelope Jane Latey A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney 2018 CANDIDATE’S CERTIFICATE I, Penelope Jane Latey, hereby declare that the work contained within this thesis is my own and has not been submitted to any other university or institution for any higher degree. I, Penelope Jane Latey, hereby declare that I was the principal researcher of all work contained in this thesis, including work published with multiple authors. I, Penelope Jane Latey, understand that if I am awarded a higher degree for my thesis titled Measuring and managing foot muscles weakness being submitted herewith for examination, the thesis will be lodged in the University Library and be will available immediately for use. I agree that the University Librarian (or in the case of the department, the Head of the Department) may supply a photocopy or microform of the thesis to an individual for research or study or to a library. Penelope Jane Latey 29th June 2018 i SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis titled Measuring and managing foot muscle weakness submitted by Penelope Jane Latey in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy is in a form ready for examination. Professor Joshua Burns The University of Sydney and Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network 19th June 2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin my acknowledgements with mention of my family, particularly my children, Frederick and Camilla for reminding me of what really matters. -
Netter's Anatomy Flash Cards – Section 4 – List 4Th Edition
Netter's Anatomy Flash Cards – Section 4 – List 4th Edition https://www.memrise.com/course/1577335/ Section 4 Abdomen (31 cards) Plate 4-1 Bony Framework of Abdomen 1.1 Costal cartilages 1.2 Iliac crest 1.3 Anterior superior iliac spine 1.4 Anterior inferior iliac spine 1.5 Superior pubic ramus 1.6 Pubic arch 1.7 Pecten pubis 1.8 Greater trochanter of femur 1.9 Ischial spine 1.10 Iliac crest 1.11 Xiphoid process 1.12 Body of sternum Plate 4-2 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Superficial Dissection 2.1 External oblique muscle: muscular part (A) and aponeurotic part (B) Plate 4-3 Anterior Abdominal Wall 3.1 Internal oblique muscle Plate 4-4 Anterior Abdominal Wall 4.1 Rectus abdominis muscle Plate 4-5 Anterior Abdominal Wall 5.1 Cremaster muscle Plate 4-6 Anterior Abdominal Wall: 6.1 Superior epigastric vessels 6.2 Rectus abdominis muscle 6.3 Transversus abdominis muscle 6.4 Posterior layer of rectus sheath 6.5 Inferior epigastric vessels 6.6 Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s ligament) 6.7 Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon) 6.8 Cremasteric muscle (middle spermatic fascia) 6.9 Lacunar ligament (Gimbernat’s ligament) 6.10 Medial umbilical ligament (occluded part of umbilical artery) 6.11 Arcuate line 6.12 Transversalis fascia 6.13 Anterior layer of rectus sheath 6.14 Linea alba Plate 4-7 Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal View 7.1 Quadratus lumborum muscle Plate 4-8 Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal View 8.1 Diaphragm Plate 4-9 Autonomic Nerves and Ganglia of Abdomen 9.1 Right greater and lesser splanchnic nerves 9.2 Right sympathetic trunk 9.3 2nd and -
Variations in Right Colic Vascular Anatomy Observed During
Wu et al. World Journal of Surgical Oncology (2019) 17:16 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-019-1561-4 RESEARCH Open Access Variations in right colic vascular anatomy observed during laparoscopic right colectomy Chuying Wu†, Kai Ye*†, Yiyang Wu, Qiwei Chen, Jianhua Xu, Jianan Lin and Wengui Kang Abstract Background: This study aimed to analyze right colonic vascular variability. Methods: The study included 60 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical right colectomy and D3 lymph node dissection for malignant colonic cancer on the ileocecal valve, ascending colon or hepatic flexure (March 2013 to October 2016). The videos of the 60 surgical procedures were collected. Variations of right colonic vascular anatomy were retrospectively analyzed based on 60 high-resolution surgical videos of laparoscopic surgery. Results: The superior mesenteric artery and vein were present in all cases; 95.0% (57/60) had the superior mesenteric artery on the left side of the superior mesenteric vein. The ileocolic artery and vein occurred in 96.7% (58/60) and 100% (60/60) of cases, respectively; 50.0% (29/58) had the ileocolic artery passing the superior mesenteric vein anteriorly. Thirty-three (55.0%) cases had a right colic artery, and 2 (3.33%) had a double right colic artery; 90.9% (30/36) had the right colic vein passing anterior to the superior mesenteric artery. Fifty-six (93.3%) cases had a right colic vein; 7 (12.5%) had a right colic vein accompanied by a right colic artery, 66.1% (37/56) had the right colic vein draining into the gastrocolic trunk of Henle, 23.2% (13/56) had the right colic vein directly draining into superior mesenteric vein, and 10.7% (6/56) had one right colic vein draining into the superior mesenteric vein and the other into the gastrocolic trunk of Henle. -
The Anatomy of a Human Foot with Missing Toes and Reduplication of the Hallux*
J. Anat. (1991), 174, pp. 1-17 1 With 10 figures Printed in Great Britain The anatomy of a human foot with missing toes and reduplication of the hallux* DAVID R. HOOTNICKtf, DAVID S. PACKARD, JRt, E. MARK LEVINSOHN§ AND DAVID A. FACTORII t Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, t Anatomy and Cell Biology, § Radiology, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse, New York and 11 Department of Medical Illustration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (Accepted 15 May 1990) INTRODUCTION Recent research has demonstrated a consistent association between a wide variety of congenital bony dysplasias of the human lower limb with the absence or reduction of the anterior tibial artery and its derivatives (Hootnick, Levinsohn, Crider & Packard, 1982; Hootnick, Levinsohn, Randall & Packard, 1980; Hootnick, Packard & Levinsohn, 1983a, b; Hootnick, Packard & Levinsohn, 1990; Packard, Levinsohn & Hootnick, 1990; Sodre et al. 1987; Sodre et al. 1990; Williams et al. 1983). Reduction or absence of the anterior tibial artery may be a risk factor for the development of bony dysplasias by reducing the number of vessels available for collateral circulation. Some event, such as extravasation of blood or embolisation, may subsequently or concurrently compromise blood flow in the remaining vessels, leading to tissue damage (Hootnick et al. 1984). We believe that the timing of the teratogenic event with respect to the specification and differentiation of limb structures determines the final morphology of the limb (Hootnick et al. 1990). The analysis of the anatomy of amputated limbs supports this view of limb teratogenesis (Packard et al. 1990). The arterial anomalies in these limbs differed from the other tissue abnormalities in that they were consistent and independent of the bony anomalies.