DOCSLIB.ORG

A Sophisticated RFID Application on Multi-Factor Authentication

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Sophisticated RFID Application on Multi-Factor Authentication A Sophisticated RFID Application on Multi-Factor Authentication Jing-Chiou Liou, Gregory Egan, Jay K. Patel and Sujith Bhashyam Deaprtment of Computer Science Kean University 1000 Morris Ave. Union, NJ 07083, USA {jliou,egangr,pjay1,bhashyas}@kean.edu ABSTRACT Authentication is the process of verifying a user’s A simple authentication only involves a username credentials when they are requesting services from any and password and this can be easily deciphered. Adding a secure system. The most commonly form of authentication strong factor will reduce the chances of the user’s is the single-factor authentication, which only requires identification from being hacked. For the second factor, one factor for the user to log into the system. In this case, we will use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to the username and password together act as a single- provide the user a personalized factor of authentication factor. A more secure technique is the multi-factor access a secure server or website. Users will be asked for authentication, which requires more than one factor to username/password along with an extra code word to gain access into a particular system. In this paper, we verify to advance access. The RFAA method is a propose a RFID Factor Authentication Application server/client procedure that allows for secure login into a (RFAA); an enhanced technique from SofToken [1] that server and permits the client to perform secure acts as a technique for two-factor authentication. The transactions. RFAA not only sustains the next level of security but also In this paper, we will discuss in Section 2 the single- is proven to prevent most of security breaches. factor authentication, the two-factor authentication and other authentication methods that are available today. In KEYWORDS section 3, we will review RFID technology and propose Encryption, Multi–Factor Authentication, Radio RFAA for two-factor authentication. The Blowfish Frequency Identification encryption and decryption algorithm will be also discussed. We then compare the security measures with other authentication techniques in section 4. Finally, in section 5, we conclude our discussion and project on 1. INTRODUCTION possible future works. Throughout the decades, computers have emerged and changed everything around the world. It is becoming absolutely necessary to use technology in our daily lives. 2. BACKGROUND Any information can reach any part of the world any time wherever computers and the Internet are available. The Authentication is the process of verifying users’ identities computer plays a significant role among people’s daily when they are requesting services from any secure lives today. system. During the authentication process, several In this technological age, computers have changed validation factors may be needed for verification of the the way how we live, as they are not only capable of client’s identity. An authentication factor is a portion of sharing information but also provide portability and information that is given by the client and used to verify services over the Internet anytime and anywhere. identity the client who is applying for access under certain Computers take communication beyond the definition of security constraints. The authentication factor is usually communication. With the use of computers, anybody can one of three techniques: “proof by knowledge” (e.g., communicate immediately with anyone around the world. username/password), “proof by possession” (smartcard or Through technological advancement, information is token), or “proof by property” (fingerprint scan). currently shared and accessed over millions of servers without boundaries. Even though computers are 2.1 Single-Factor Authentication augmenting our daily lives, they require certain measures on access control and user authentication. Authentication Single-Factor Authentication (S-FA) focuses on only one is the process of verifying a user’s credentials when they factor username/password. S-FA is mostly widely are requesting services from any secure system. accepted technique which is proved to be weak method especially when it comes to protecting data. Security concerns for S-FA are not only prevalent, Generally, this second factor takes the form of a but they are also apparent in today’s society, especially physical security token or smart card that the user has in when a prolific amount of the user’s data is located on a his/her possession. In this case, some application may also server or an online website. Secure passwords are often use mobile phone and other personal devices. One of the difficult to remember, as well as people have multiple examples is the use of ATM card issued by any bank. One passwords and usernames to remember. For passwords authentication factor is the physical ATM card that the that are easy to remember, they are conveniently suffered customer slides into the machine. The second factor is the from various forms of software attacks. In a study by a PIN the customer enters. Without both, authentication data security firm [2] that analyzed 32 million passwords cannot take place. exposed in the Rockyou.com breach in December 2009, Another application of the second factor may be a the top five most common passwords among those 32 biological factor, such as a fingerprint scan. Use of this million users are: 123456, 12345, 123456789, Password, technique requires special hardware to scan the input data, and iloveyou. thus having a higher complexity and cost in deployment. Even using secure passwords, phishing and spoofing attacks may use a site that looks like a legitimate one to Smart Card tricks the user into supplying the password. As a matter of fact, news on October 8, 2009 reported that phishing Smart card [9] is a successor of magnetic card that is scheme almost catches FBI Chief [3]. widely used in credit cards, debit cards, ATM cards and In addition, people usually don’t change their ID badges. The number on the smart card changes each passwords frequently. It was reported, in some cases, that time (also called an OTP), in which that number cannot less than 25 % of people change their password monthly be re-used as long as all processing is authenticated. and some 34% in a survey said they never change their Smart cards are about the same size as a credit card and passwords [4]. Therefore, a keystroke logger can be require a special reader. The downside is that the smart installed physically [5] or in the form of software to catch card is not a small device and the card reader is an extra passwords entered manually on a login screen. As there expense. Moreover, the smartcard and the reader also are many passwords to remember, many people keep a require special middleware application due to the file, a form of book-keeping, which includes their mismatch between smart card communication standards passwords on their computer. Hackers who are able to [10] and the communication protocols [11] used by reach that file can obtain the person’s all mainstream PC applications. username/password information. One improvement in S-FA is to utilized password Biometrics management utility. Password management is achieved by using various password valet applications, such as Users may biometrically authenticate via their fingerprint, RoboForm [6] and KeePass [7], which store user voiceprint, or iris scan using provided hardware and then passwords and can automatically enter the required fields enter a PIN or password. For many biometric identifiers, in a web form. The software typically has a local database the actual biometric information is rendered into string or or files that hold the encrypted password data. Many mathematic information. password managers also work as form filler, thus they fill The device scans the physical characteristic, extracts the user and password data automatically into forms. critical information, and then stores the result as a string Moreover, the data is still kept on the host computer of data. Comparison is therefore made between two data or device and can potentially be stolen through browser strings, and if there is sufficient commonality a pass is exploits, Trojan horses, etc. Still the data is vulnerable to achieved. spoofing and phishing attacks. Finally, if the password One problem that is apparent with biometrics is that manager corrupted, all passwords would be lost unless if a large number of users are being authenticated at the there is a backup process that adds to another security same time, the technique may become unacceptably slow issue. and comparatively expensive. It is also an easy target for a reply attack. Once the biometric information is 2.2 Two-Factor Authentication compromised (for example, fingerprint is being copied from something the user had held), it may easily be Two-factor authentication requires an extra factor while replayed unless the reader is completely secure and using username/password. Using two factors as opposed guarded. to one factor generally achieves a higher level of authentication assurance. The FFIEC issued supplemental Security Token guidance on this subject in August 2006 [8], "By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use Security tokens, also called OTP tokens, have an LCD of solutions from two or more of the three categories of screen that displays fixed number of alphanumeric factors. Using multiple solutions from the same category characters. The OTP tokens are mainly based on two ... would not constitute multifactor authentication." types of algorithms: time synchronized and event-based. Time synchronized algorithm produces a pseudo-random 2.3 SofToken Technique number with a built in pseudo-random number generator. Pseudo-random number changes at pre-determined SofToken was firstly introduced in 2010 by Liou and intervals, usually every 60 seconds. Event-based Bhashyam [1]. SofToken, rooted on software token, sends algorithm such as that proposed by the Open not just a pseudo-random number (an OTP), but also the Authentication (OATH) consortium [12] uses a user encrypted key to the server for authentication.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Blockchain and Digital Signatures for Digital Self-Sovereignty
    BLOCKCHAIN AND DIGITAL SIGNATURES FOR DIGITAL SELF-SOVEREIGNTY ____________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Computer Science University of Houston ____________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science ____________________ By Brijesh B. Patel December 2018 BLOCKCHAIN AND DIGITAL SIGNATURES FOR DIGITAL SELF-SOVEREIGNTY ___________________________________________________ Brijesh B. Patel APPROVED: ___________________________________________________ Dr. Weidong Shi, Chairman Dept. of Computer Science ___________________________________________________ Dr. Nikolaos V. Tsekos Dept. of Computer Science ___________________________________________________ Dr. Chris Bronk Dept. of Information System Security ___________________________________________________ Dan Wells, Dean College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics II BLOCKCHAIN AND DIGITAL SIGNATURES FOR DIGITAL SELF-SOVEREIGNTY ____________________ An Abstract of a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Computer Science University of Houston ____________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science ____________________ By Brijesh B. Patel December 2018 III Abstract Principles of self-sovereignty have been integrated into the solution to achieve a mechanism where the user is in control of one's digital identity attributes. Through the use of attribute-based credentials, the solution presented here allows the user to control access to their digital identity attributes,
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Factor Authentication Version: 1.0 Date: February 2017 Author: PCI Security Standards Council
    INFORMATION SUPPLEMENT Multi-Factor Authentication Version: 1.0 Date: February 2017 Author: PCI Security Standards Council INFORMATION SUPPLEMENT Guidance for Multi-Factor Authentication Table of Contents Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................1 MFA and PCI DSS .................................................................................................................................................1 Terminology ............................................................................................................................................................1 Authentication Factors ............................................................................................................................................2 Independence of Authentication Mechanisms ......................................................................................................2 Out-of-Band Authentication .....................................................................................................................................3 Cryptographic Tokens .............................................................................................................................................3 Protection of Authentication Factors .....................................................................................................................5 Multi-step vs. Multi-Factor .......................................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Rsa Securid® Access Authenticator Choices Data Sheet
    DATA SHEET RSA SECURID® ACCESS AUTHENTICATOR CHOICES DATA SHEET When organizations have confidence their information is secure, they are empowered to use it to accelerate their business. Identity assurance creates confidence and extends user authentication from a single security measure to a continual trust model that is the basis of how an identity is used and what it can do. The RSA SecurID® authenticators are a key component of an organization’s identity assurance strategy. Trusted identities managed by RSA bring confidence to everyday transactions and support new business models providing secure access for employees, customers and partners while striking the right balance between risk, cost and convenience. One size does not fit all when it comes to choosing the right authenticator to balance your security, total cost of ownership and end-user security needs. With a broad range of easy-to-use form factors, there are RSA SecurID authenticators available to suit a wide variety of organization and application requirements. MOBILE MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION MADE EASY: Easily set up your users to use advanced mobile MFA options and allow them to use a single authenticator to access both on-premises and cloud applications on all the major mobile platforms. • RSA SecurID Authenticate App – ONE authenticator for all your authentication needs, on-premises or cloud applications for multiple clients (iOS, Android, MS Windows). • Push notification, biometrics (Fingerprint and Eyeprint), One-Time Password (OTP) are available for on-premises resources such as VPN and cloud applications such as Office 365. o Mobile multi-factor authenticators can be purchased by RSA SecurID® Access Enterprise and Premium Edition customers.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Factor Authentication Implementation Introduction IRS
    Multi-factor Authentication Implementation Introduction IRS Publication 1075, Tax Information Security Guidelines for Federal, State, and Local Agencies (Pub 1075) requires that all access to federal tax information (FTI) occurs from agency-owned equipment. It also requires that any remote access has multi-factor authentication implemented. Remote access, defined by Pub 1075, is any access to an agency information system by a user communicating through an external network (i.e. the internet). These requirements are more important as agencies. looking to reduce costs, allow employees to work from home or telework. Multi-factor authentication drastically reduces the risk of identity theft and unauthorized disclosure of FTI. Multi-factor authentication decreases the probability that the requestor is not the person who he says he or she is. The number of factors is important, as it implies a higher probability that presenter of the identify evidence is who they claim to be. This document explains the different authentication factors and addresses the security requirements for implementing multi-factor authentication to meet the requirements of the Office of Safeguards. Mandatory Requirements This message discusses detailed requirements that must be applied when procuring or developing various multi-factor authentication implementations. An agency may choose to implement a system appropriate to its needs, but all requirements contained in this memorandum that pertain to that implementation must be fulfilled. Multi-factor authentication is required for “all remote network access to privileged and non-privileged accounts for information systems that receive, process, store or transmit FTI” (Pub 1075, Section 9.3.7.2, Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (IA-2)).
    [Show full text]
  • Nexus Authentication Server Product Brief
    Nexus Authentication Server Product Brief Version: 1.2 Introduction Protecting your digital resources and services using only username and a static password as authentication method is not secure enough. Why? Passwords must be long and complex, to be less unsecure. Passwords must be changed frequently. Users often reuse the same password for different services. If a password for one service gets into the wrong hands, unauthorized people can not only get access to that service but also to a range of other services. Passwords can be easily stolen through social engineering. There is an endless range of methods, for example, convincing emails or spoofed websites where people are asked to share their username and password. And, a surprisingly large percentage of people do share their login information when asked to. Using multi-factor authentication from Nexus dramatically mitigates the risk of unauthorized people getting access to services and information. As part of Nexus Hybrid Access Gateway, the Authentication Server provides a unique solution for enabling trusted authentication, without the complexity of distributing and maintaining hardware security tokens. Using Nexus solution, organizations can empower their users with authentication technology that is easy to use, easy to manage, cost effective and secure, to enforce strong multi-factor authentication. Enable strong user authentication throughout the organization and customer base without the complexity of distributing hardware security tokens. What is multi-factor Authentication?
    [Show full text]
  • Two-Factor Authentication: Selecting and Implementing a Two-Factor
    DEGREE PROJECT IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FIRST CYCLE AND DEGREE PROJECT IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, FIRST CYCLE STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2017 Two-Factor Authentication Selecting and implementing a two- factor authentication method for a digital assessment platform NIKLAS TELLINI and FREDRIK VARGAS KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Two-Factor Authentication Selecting and implementing a two-factor authentication method for a Digital Assessment Platform Niklas Tellini and Fredrik Vargas 2017-05-31 Bachelor’s Thesis Examiner Gerald Q. Maguire Jr. Academic adviser Anders Västberg KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department of Communication Systems SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract | i Abstract Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a two-step verification process that aims to provide an additional layer of security by requiring the user to authenticate himself/herself using a secondary means (ownership factor or inheritance factor). Without the use of 2FA, an attacker could gain access to a person’s devices or accounts solely by knowing the victim’s password, while with 2FA knowing only this password is insufficient to pass the authentication check. In this project, we analyze different methods in which 2FA could be implemented by a Digital Assessment Platform. These platforms allow test assessments to be built directly into digital content; therefore, an important requirement of these systems is secure authentication. Moreover, it is important to securely protect teachers’ account in order to avoid unauthorized people gaining access to those accounts. We investigate how 2FA could be used to add an extra layer of security to teachers’ accounts, focusing on cost, user experience, ease of use, and deployment of the solution.
    [Show full text]
  • RSA Securid Software Token New User Quick Start Guide
    RSA SecurID® Software Token New User Quick Start Guide Installing the App for Apple iOS and Android Importing a Software Token Generating a Software Token Code This guide is confidential and proprietary to J.P. Morgan and is provided for your general information only. It is subject to change without notice and is not intended to be legally binding. All services described in this guide are subject to applicable laws and regulations and service terms. Not all products and services are available in all locations. Eligibility for particular products and services will be determined by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. or its affiliates. J.P. Morgan makes no representation as to the legal, regulatory or tax implications of the matters referred to in this guide. J.P. Morgan is a marketing name for the Treasury Services and Merchant Services businesses of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., member FDIC, and its affiliates worldwide. ©2019 JPMorgan Chase & Co. All rights reserved. July 2019 Overview J.P. Morgan Access® clients that use RSA SecurID® security tokens now have a new software token option available that will enable users to generate a token code from an Apple® iOS® or Android™ mobile device using the RSA SecurID Software Token App. Getting Started Check with your Security Administrator to make sure they have taken the necessary steps in Administration Credential Management to move you onto an RSA Software Token, including validation of your correct Mobile Phone Number in Credential Management. You must have a mobile number in your Access profile before a software token is assigned to you.
    [Show full text]
  • RSA Securid Software Token 5.0 for Windows Provisioning Guide
    RSA SecurID® Software Token 5.0 for Windows Provisioning Guide Contact Information Go to the RSA corporate website for regional Customer Support telephone and fax numbers: www.emc.com/domains/rsa/index.htm Trademarks RSA, the RSA Logo and EMC are either registered trademarks or trademarks of EMC Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. For a list of RSA trademarks, go to www.emc.com/legal/emc-corporation-trademarks.htm#rsa. License Agreement This software and the associated documentation are proprietary and confidential to EMC, are furnished under license, and may be used and copied only in accordance with the terms of such license and with the inclusion of the copyright notice below. This software and the documentation, and any copies thereof, may not be provided or otherwise made available to any other person. No title to or ownership of the software or documentation or any intellectual property rights thereto is hereby transferred. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this software and the documentation may be subject to civil and/or criminal liability. This software is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by EMC. Third-Party Licenses This product may include software developed by parties other than RSA. The text of the license agreements applicable to third-party software in this product may be viewed on the product documentation page on RSA SecurCare Online. By using this product, a user of this product agrees to be fully bound by terms of the license agreements.
    [Show full text]
  • RSA Securid® Access Authenticator Choice
    DATA SHEET RSA SecurID® Access Authenticator choice The choice is yours For many decades, customers have trusted the one-time password (OTP) technology delivered by RSA SecurID®, available in a broad range of easy-to-use form factors. Now, RSA is making the choice easier than ever by supporting new and emerging standards and offering the broadest portfolio of authentication methods for any use case, on-premises or in the cloud. To suit a wide variety of organization and application requirements, RSA SecurID Access offers the following authentication methods: Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Mobile App Quickly set up advanced mobile MFA options and give users a single authenticator to access both on-premises and cloud applications on all the major mobile platforms (iOS, Android, Microsoft Windows). The RSA SecurID Authenticate App provides convenient authentication methods, such as push notification, device biometrics, FIDO and OTP, to seamlessly access on-premises (e.g., virtual private network/VPN) or cloud applications (e.g., Microsoft 365). Fast IDentity Online (FIDO) Authentication As a U2F and FIDO2 certified vendor, RSA enables a passwordless experience with the broadest support for FIDO authentication, including hardware, software, wearable and embedded options. Software Deploy RSA SecurID software tokens on mobile devices, desktops and laptops, and make strong authentication a convenient part of doing business. RSA SecurID software tokens are available for the following platforms: RSA SecurID Software Token for Microsoft Windows®, RSA SecurID Software Token for macOS X®, RSA SecurID Software Token for iOS, RSA SecurID Software Token for Android™, RSA SecurID Software Token Converter, and more. Hardware Protect sensitive data and mission-critical systems with the industry’s highest-quality two-factor authentication device, the RSA SecurID hardware token.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Multi-Factor Authentication Introduction You Have Been Asked to Test the New Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Solution for Valero
    Testing Multi-Factor Authentication Introduction You have been asked to test the new multi-factor authentication (MFA) solution for Valero. Multi-factor authentication means you will be using a device (a token) that generates a one-time password, or OTP, in addition to your regular network login. The one-time password is a six digit number and changes every thirty seconds. This one-time password increases the security of your account because someone can’t login with your account remotely without your one-time password. You will be assigned a MFA token, otherwise known as a DIGIPASS. There are two versions available, a physical, or hard, token, and a mobile, or soft, token. The hard token is a small device that can be attached to a keychain and has a simple button to press that displays a one-time password. The soft token is an app that you install on a smartphone or tablet and works in the same way the hard token does. You tap the button and it displays a one-time password. Figure 1: DIGIPASS hard token Figure 2: DIGIPASS software token To test MFA, we are asking you to use a special version of the new Go2.valero.com site. Please use this site in place of the regular site while you are testing. During the testing period, you will still be able to switch back to the standard Go2 page if you run into any issues. Email any issues to [email protected]. You should have received a number of documents as part of this testing.
    [Show full text]
  • RSA Authentication Manager 7.1 Administrator's Guide
    RSA Authentication Manager 7.1 Administrator’s Guide Contact Information Go to the RSA corporate web site for regional Customer Support telephone and fax numbers: www.rsa.com Trademarks RSA and the RSA logo are registered trademarks of RSA Security Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. For the most up-to-date listing of RSA trademarks, go to www.rsa.com/legal/trademarks_list.pdf. EMC is a registered trademark of EMC Corporation. All other goods and/or services mentioned are trademarks of their respective companies. License agreement This software and the associated documentation are proprietary and confidential to RSA, are furnished under license, and may be used and copied only in accordance with the terms of such license and with the inclusion of the copyright notice below. This software and the documentation, and any copies thereof, may not be provided or otherwise made available to any other person. No title to or ownership of the software or documentation or any intellectual property rights thereto is hereby transferred. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this software and the documentation may be subject to civil and/or criminal liability. This software is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by RSA. Third-party licenses This product may include software developed by parties other than RSA. The text of the license agreements applicable to third-party software in this product may be viewed in the thirdpartylicenses.html files. Note on encryption technologies This product may contain encryption technology. Many countries prohibit or restrict the use, import, or export of encryption technologies, and current use, import, and export regulations should be followed when using, importing or exporting this product.
    [Show full text]
  • Service Provider Administrator Guide
    Service Provider Administrator Guide Powerful Authentication Management for Service Providers and Enterprises Version 3.2 Authentication Service Delivery Made EASY™ SafeNet Authentication Service Service Provider Administrator Guide Copyright © 2012 SafeNet, Inc. All rights reserved. All attempts have been made to make the information in this document complete and accurate. SafeNet, Inc. is not responsible for any direct or indirect damages or loss of business resulting from inaccuracies or omissions. The specifications contained in this document are subject to change without notice. SafeNet and SafeNet Authentication Service are either registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or are trademarks of SafeNet, Inc., and its subsidiaries and affiliates, in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks referenced in this Manual are trademarks of their respective owners. SafeNet Hardware and/or Software products described in this document may be protected by one or more U.S. Patents, foreign patents, or pending patent applications. Please contact SafeNet Support for details of FCC Compliance, CE Compliance, and UL Notification. Support SafeNet technical support specialists can provide assistance when planning and implementing SafeNet Authentication Service. In addition to aiding in the selection of the appropriate authentication products, SafeNet can suggest deployment procedures that will provide a smooth, simple transition from existing access control systems and a satisfying experience for network users. We can also help you leverage your existing network equipment and systems to maximize your return on investment. SafeNet works closely with channel partners to offer worldwide Technical Support services. If you purchased this product through a SafeNet channel partner, please contact your partner directly for support needs.
    [Show full text]