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An Evaluation of the Place Occupied by the Greek Pastoral Elegy from Its Earliest Appearance to the Present

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An Evaluation of the Place Occupied by the Greek Pastoral Elegy from Its Earliest Appearance to the Present Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository Master's Theses Graduate School Spring 1933 An Evaluation of The Place Occupied By The Greek Pastoral Elegy From Its Earliest Appearance To The Present Alfred Carney Fort Hays Kansas State College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Carney, Alfred, "An Evaluation of The Place Occupied By The Greek Pastoral Elegy From Its Earliest Appearance To The Present" (1933). Master's Theses. 219. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/219 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. AN ZVALUATION or Tiu: ,LACE CCCUl'I ED BY 1'!!E GREEK PASTCRAL ELEOY FROll ITS EARLIEST APPEAllAl<CE TO THE PRESENT \ TO or. ~ . R. ueorogor, Dr. C.E• .Rar ick Or. Robert uoorath, and or. Floyd B. Streeter whose kindly hel p hao boen lnetruoentol in the completion of thie work I hereby extend my thank• and approciation ii An ::Valuation ot the Place occupied by the oreek Pa storal Elegy trom Ito Earlieot Appearance to the \'re•- ont . being a Thooie Preaented to the oradu~to Faculty in Partial YU.ltillment or t he Requirements for the ~gree of Maeter of science ~ev. Al f r-ad Carnoy, B.S. (Education) , B. H. Fort P.o.y- • 1<eneae State College 19~ TA'BLE OF CONt'ENTS Pago' I. Introctuot ion ••..••• . ••••••. ................ ...• l ' 'r • ' II. Th• Greok El•SY ,, , t·J ' a. oenoral oevelop~ont •••.•••• ••••••••••••••• •••••3 b, l.ntluonce ot 1'hoocr1tua on the Paatora1 El ogy ••••••••••••••••• •••••••••7 c. B1on ••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9 d. uoechua •••••..•.•••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••10 6. S1m118rit1ea and ~eaemblancoe ot Theocritus. 81on, o.nd uoechue ••••••••••10 t. Fr~ma~ork and Form ot t he Elogy ••••••••••••• ••11 III, Th• Latin Development• and Adaptation• a . Tre-.nait.ion ...•.•.••••••...• , .•• . .••••• , •.•••• ,14 b , '1org11, .... , .•.. •. .•••.••.••.•••• . .•••••••••• ,14 o. catulluo, ~allue, Tibullua, Pr~pGrtiua ••.•••• . 21 JV , Ti,e R0na1aeanco - oevolopment 1n It~ly and Fran.Ce a . oevelop~nt ot the Re naieaanco •..•.•••• • ••.••• 23 b . 'Petrarch e.nd Boccacoio •...•.•.•.. •••••••••••••25 c • Ponte.no ••••••• • ••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• ••• • 26 d., s~.zaro ............•..............•........• 28 e. Alem!a.rm1 ••••••••••••• , •..•• , •••••••••••• , .•••• 32 t. Taeao ••••••••• . •••••••••••• ••••••• • •••••••••••54 g. l!.llntua.n.ue •••.••••.••.•.• . ••.• , ••• , •••..••..••• 36 h , ?!a.rot. • ••• ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••..•••••••• ,3-6 V, Tranaition to Eoaliah Literature a .. Spenecr •••••• •••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••• 39 b. V.11 ton •••••••••••• •••••••••••• •••••••••••••••• 43 o. Shelley .. ............ •••••••••• •• , ...... ....... 47 d. Al"nOld •• , ; ............. ...................... .... 51 e .. S1m1l ar1t1ea e,nd 01tterencee among SpenBer, ~1lton, Shelley, and Arnold ....53 VI . su~m~ry , t>ef1nit1on ot, and Pl ace ot. tho oreek P~et oral Elea in sng:1 1&h Litorature • ••64 J . Appendix Tran&l ~tiono tro~ Foreign Lan~"-goe •••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••66 II, A?P~mdiX · :)\glieh Original& (Spenser, Uilton, Shelley , Arnold) .. •..•..•••..•.••.••• • •8 3 Bi bl 1 o~r aphy •.••. ...•• , ••. • •.. , ••...•.•...••..••.• , 109 i v INTRO!>UCTI ON To t he atudent voroed in the olaee1ca the 1ntluonce ot r,reek ~nd Lat in paatoral poetry on English literature i o well kr.own . s t ~r t l n; ~t t ~e time ot the Italian Renaieaence and encour e;ed by the Gr eek Rev1v~l several centurtea later. tho cl!l801c al influence hae permeated our 11teratu .re more then any othor t ac t or. During t he time ot the Renaieaar.ce paatoral poetry bad a pl ace of i mportance e~ual to that of the epic and the dro.me.. 'l"be &fleet molodiea of oreek rural lito re- ochoe4 in the ocloguee or vergil had ouch a charm tor l ater pooto tb~t t hey could not be ree1ated. Pastoral poetry m de men hoArkon back to the time when tbG occupation ot t ho ehep- bor d waa the ideal life ot contentment. unincumbered by norry and care. To men of the Ranaieeanca thio period ot Greek hiotory was tho Golden Agei to t hem Arcadie ,wae t he model torm ot government e.nd it wao the dreu of Utopian-minded poople ot the 15t h cent ury. Not only t be country ~here p~otor,1 poetrv originated. became t he poete • re.noy. but &1.ao t.'i.e l ensi.1.a;;e . t he phraseology, end the namee <ttero 1mit~t 8d by ~r1tcre ot t he Renaieae,JWO end l a ter period.a ot Eng:11,~ literature. For the~ paetor~l lite in ite simpl i city , k1nd- t1.noae, and bappin••• waa t he moet ferti le tiold ot poetic -. end~aitor. It 1e my purpoee in th1e thoo1• to devote 111Y••lt to ono apecial form or pastoral pootry that baa perpetuated t be cleaeict\l 1nt'luence ori Ehg].ieh literature,- the paatoral elegy. It oeema that oome moliern educators 1,n their d.ea1r• to pr opo&e 6 e~et om ot education t hat ie proareeeive and abreast 2 . w1th t he timee a re apt to looo eight or what wo ove to the pioneer & in t he rteld ot edUcation. They aometimoe torget t h~t reuch ot our own educational achievement had ite atart. inAa cl~ea1C&l onvironmont. Eopecially is thi& true in the field ot en~11ah literature. Take away the olaeeioeJ. in• fluence, and our literat ure beoomae litoleea, un1nt8reet1ng, and ~ithout meaning. If I can increaea t hroll.gb thio work tbe ~pprec1at1on tor claeeical education and point out tho intluonce or thinge claeaioal on .Eng:lieh literature, I ehall nave achieved n::,, purpooe. tn tho preporation of this t hoe1a, I have ;nado jUdicioue use of tho worke listed in tho bibliogr~phy, elwe,ye making the pr oper acktlowledgmente in caooa of quotatione. Although t hie subject hea been treated before ~nder varioua aapocta, particularly by ?!r . George Norfin of t he un1veratty ot Color- ado 1n hie wor k . •convention.a of t he Paatoral Elegy", which ¥~& of t he ~r~ateat aaaiatanco to mo in tho organization ot ri13tor1~1 . ~nd by r roteasor Wilfred P. Ltuatard in nichoea of ~r eek Bucolic Poet&", yot there baa been no one. to rr:1$ knowl odgo, w~o h~& t raced the hiatorioal devolop~ent ot the paatoral elegy 1n all ita pba~ea, and ha a pointed out tte relation to t he great literary mova~onta, aa hae been at tetrJpted in t.hia work. Ba,ocially to Dr. R.R. ucoregor whoee holptul advice waa the inspiration ot thia ff ork; and·to or . Floyd a . Streater, t hrough whoee ottorta much valuable material wae obt ained, do I w1ah to ackno~ledge my indobtedneee. SECTION II OBlloRAL DEVELCP'M NT OF l"dE GREEK ELEGY Tae development ot the G-reek elegy la traced to the change ot governn:ent in the Greek world between 750 e.nd 500 B,C. Oligarchy had taken the pl ace ot oonarohy, e.nd thia a gain gave we::, to tyranny in man;y placea. Ae t he tyrannical tom ot government finally waa destroyed, a demooracy waa . estRhllshed in many cities, eepecially among the Icnie.ne. flhdor the democratic tor~ ot govem:nent the 1ndlv1dual had more r1ghta and more opportunities tor education; the tine $rte, among ffhich was poetr)',were alowly dcYelopln,g, and there vao a greater indulgence ln pleaaurea ot a higher type. But up to thie time there wae hardly any prose writing. It a poraon we.nted to express hla own viowa and thougbta - and thla ttaa a natural outgromh ot the birth ot democracy - be bad to do eo in veree. Th.is waa actually what happened. Poetry bogeri to ahow personal rotleotlon, aomethlng that wae mlealng up to tbla time, Homer ebowad but little ot it; Hesiod bad more. But about 700B.C. there waa!diatinot attempt on tbe part ot tho poote to intereat othera in their thought• and teellnga. 't"nle gave riae to t wo torma ot poetry, originating abo~t tho ea~e time - those of elegiac end iambic poatry. ~e nh~ll c once,,rn ourselves with t he tormer. 'rh• word tA~,f'!J la ot uncertain derivation. !!oat. probably i t 1e not ot nreek origin. some echotare ola1m it to bathe Gree!< f orm ot e. naree given by the cari e.na and Lydians of ABia minor to a mcr~rntul aong acoompan1ed by a flute½ but thle 1Jebb, R.C. Greek Literature. p. 50. exple.nation haa been discredited 'by modem scholars~ Probably the particular metre that wae tirat ueed by t ho oreeke tor such a aong may baTe given r1ae to tho elegtao d1et1ch. Thie was a1Milar to t he ancient and almoat univeraal metre ot t he earlieet Crock poatry,- t he epic hexameter. In tho elesiac torm t he t h ird and aixtb teet ot every altom ate hexameter are ayncopated. An example or th1a ia tound tn t ffo bcxa~otera ot Clough2: "0 l et us try , h e anewored , the watero thomaelvee will e~p~ort us, vea very ripple& and waves will form to a boat under- neat h ua. ~ t r i n the second lino t he word& ·~111" and 1tua" arc omitted, vo h&VO a ponta.mater, t ~e two odd ayll ablea •wavoa" and "neat h " counting ~e one metre. The two linoa toaother give ue t he elegiac couplet. A po$m compoaed ot auch couplote ie called Ul elegiac poem. Coleridge defined the elegy a& "the form ot poetry natural to t he retlectivo mind-.
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