Bee Forage Plants Zone Wise
Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC Bee Forage Plants North Zone
Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC
Enumeration of sources of bee forage for Northern Zone of India
Trade Name Kashmiri Himachal Punjabi Haryana Habit Flowering Bee Forage Family / Botanical Name Period1 Value2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Acanthaceae Adhatoda zealanica Medik. Malabar nut Brankad Basuti Bassoti Arusha Shrub 4-11 N3P2 Barleria cristata L. Bajradanti Tadrelu Kala bansa Shrub 11-3 N2P1 Justicia betonica L. Bankas Herb 10-4 N2P2 Justicia procumbens L. Bankas Herb 8-10 N2P2 Lepedagathis hyaline Nees Akhra Shrub 10-2 N1P1 Rungia repens Nees Rungia Kharmor Herb 7-8 N3P3
Ruelllia tuberosa L. Herb 6-11 N2P2 Strobilanthus wallichi Shrub 8-10 N1P1 Thunbergia alata Black-Eyed- Climber 1-3 N3P2 vitae, Thunbergia grandiflora Mulluta Kanesi Climber 1-3 N3P2 Thunbergia coccinea Climber 12-3 N3P2 Aceraceae Acer acuminatum Great maple Tree 3-4 N3P3 Acer caesium Wall. Ex Great maple Kinar Kainju Trekhan Tree 3-5 N3P3 Brandis Acer oblongum Wall. Ex DC Himalayan Pangoi Tree 2-4 N2P2 maple 1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January 2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December.
2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen; 1 = major and important source; 2 = source of normal importance; 3 = source of minor importance.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Acer negundo L. Ash- leaved Tree 3-5 N2P2 maple Acer cappadocium Gleditsch Maple tree Kainjili Kanjar Kilpattar Tree 3-4 N3P3 Agavaceae Agave americana L. Century plant Kantala Bara Wilayati Bans keora Shrub 9-11 N3P3 kanwar kaitalu Polianthus tuberosa L. Tube rose Gulchari Gulshabb Herb 1-12 P1 o Yucca filamentosa L. Adam’s 6-9 N2P2 needle Aizoaceae Trianthema portulacastrum L. Galijeru, Gadabani Herb 1-12 N2P2 Alangiaceae Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Ankol, Small tree 3-6 N2P2 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. Prickly chaff Puthkanda Chirchira Latjira Herb 1-12 N2P2 flower Aerva javanica Juss. Dholimundi Kamheda Boi- kalan Dholimundi Herb 7-3 N2P1 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br.ex Giojihra Kanchari Herb 1-12 N2P1 DC Amaranthus paniculatus L. Amaranth Chua Bathu Chaulai Herb 6-7 N2P2 Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranth Kataili Herb 7-12 N2P1 Chaulai Amaranthus cruentus L. Golden Herb 7-12 N2P1 Amaranth Celosia argentea L. Quil Grass Ciryara Sarwali Sil Herb 8-9 N2P2 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss Jhojhru Chirehatta Bhurat Shrub 7-1 N2P1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Anacardiaceae Buchanania lanzan Spr. Calumpang Charoli Chironji Piyar Tree 1-5 N2P3 nut Holigarna spp. Black Tree 1-3 N2P3 varnish Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Jhingan, Kaimbal Pechka Kehm bal Mohin Tree 2-5 N2P2 Merr. Mangifera indica L. Mango Am Amb Tree 3-4 N2P3 Rhus javanica Sumac tree Tree 9-10 N3P3 Rhus verniciflua Stokes Japanese Arkhol Choklu Holashi Small tree 5-6 N1P1 varnish tree Rhus Wallichi Hook.f. Kambal Harku Kambal gadambal Tree 4-5 N2P2 Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Marking nut Bhela Bhilawa Tree 6-7 N2P3 Spondias pinnata (L.f.)Kurz. Konda Bahamb Ambara Tree 2-3 N2P2 mamidi Apiaceae Apium graveolens Celery Shalari Ajmud Herb 3-4 P2 Bunium persicum Kalazeera Kalazeer Herb 2-3 N1P1 a Carum capticum Carum Jawind Ajwain Ajowan Herb 11-1 N1P2 Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Brahmi Brahma Khulakhu Herb 4-11 N1P3 manduki di Coriandrum sativum L. Coriander Dhaniya Dhanya Dhanya Herb 3-4 N1P1 Daucus carota L. Carrot Carrot Gajar Gajar Herb 3-5 N2P3 Foeniculum vulgare Min Fennel Saunf Herb 8-9 N3P3 Heracleum wallichii DC Hogweed Herb 5-7 N3P3 Pimpinella diversifolia D.C Lady's lace Saunf Sawonf Badian Herb 6-9 N3P2 Apocynaceae Carissa carandas L. Karaunda Karaunda Karaunda Shrub 4-5 N2P2 Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) Syamalata Garna Kalidudhi Siamalat 6-12 N2P3 W.T.Aiton a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Indigo plant Indrajau Mitha Tree 3-6 N1P3 Indrajau Araliaceae Schefflera Venulosa Harms Dain Kath- Kur-semul Karbot Climb-ng 3-5 N1P3 semul semul shrub Schefflera octophylla. Small tree 10-1 N1P3 Arecaceae Phoenix dactylifera L. Date palm, Khajur Tree 1-12 N2P3 Khajur Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb Wild date Tree 12-2 N2P3 Phoenix humalis Royle Dwarf date Tree 2-3 N1P3 palm Asclepiadaceae Asclepias curassavica L. Milkweed Kakatundi Shrub 4-6 N2P2 Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.ex Arka Ak Arka Shrub N2P1 Ait Asteraceae Ageratum conyzodies L. Ageratum Bakari Gumdrya Herb 2-11 N3P3 abish Artemisia maritima L. Mugwort Tethwan Nagadauna Herb 8-10 N3P3 Aster spp. Star-wort Khatai Herb 10-11 N3P3 Bellis perennis L. Daisy Herb 6-10 N2P1 Bidens pilosa L. Spanish Kumber Kokadi Herb 9-12 N3P2 needle Calendula arvensis L. Field Calendula Zergul Herb 2-4 N3P3 marigold Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees China Aster Aster Herb 4-5 N2P1 Carduus onopardiodes Fisch Musk Kond posh Kalbir Herb 5-8 N2P2 Thistles Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower Kusum Kusumbha Karrah Herb 2-3 N2P2 Centaurea cyanus L. Corn flower Krotz kond Herb 2-4 N2P2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Cichorium intybius L. Chicory Herb 5-8 N2P2 Cirsium spp. Field Thistle Bhuan Herb 4-6 N2P2 Thistles Coreopsis drummondii Torr. & Coreopsis Herb 6-10 N2P2 Gray Cosmos spp. Cosmos Cosmos Kasmas Herb 9-11 N3P2 Cyathocline purpurea (Don) Bongagra, Herb 1-12 N2P2 O.Ktze. chota gunja Dahlia spp. Dahlia Thakoli Bithua Herb 6-1 N2P1 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Globe Karyunshi Gokru Utakanta Herb 5-6 N3P3 Thistle Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Bhringaraj Bhangra, Herb 1-12 N2P2 Eupatorium odoratum L. Through- Herb 4-5 N2P3 wort Guizotia abyssinica Cass. Niger, Kalatil Ramtil Herb 9-11 N1P1 kalatil Helianthus annuus L. Sunflower Gule aftab Herb 1-12 N1P1 Inula racemosaD.C. Inula Poshkar Herb 9-2 N2P2 Mikania scanens Willd. Mikania Climber 3-4 N2P3 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Parthenium Gajar Herb 1-12 NP3 grass Senecio spp. Ragwort Herb 6-9 N3P3 Solidago canadensis L. Golden rod Herb 9-10 N2P3 Sonchus spp. Sow Thistle Dudhli Sahadevi Herb 6-10 N3P3 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Bodasaram, Mundi Khamadru ghundi Herb 11-5 N2P1 sitadori s Tagetus erecta L. African Genda gultera Tangla mentok Herb 7-10 N3P3 Marigold Tagetus minuta L Stinking- Herb 6-1 N3P3 Roger
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Tagetus patula L. French Genda Genda Herb 6-10 N3P3 Marigold Taraxacum officinale Weber Dandelion Handh Kanphul Dudli Radaml Herb 3-8 N2P2 Tridax procumbens L. Mexican Gokhru Bankora Herb 1-12 N2P2 daisy Tussilago farfara L. Coltsfoot Fanjuim Watpan Herb 4-6 N3P3 Vernonia spp Iron weed Sahadevi Herb 6-9 N1P2 Xanthium stromatum L. Burweed Tsur Adhasisi Chirchitta Tsuru Herb 3-6 N3P1 Zinnia spp. Zinnia Kalawiyuth Herb 6-10 N1P1 Balsaminaceae Impatiens spp. Balsam Halu, Tilgra Bantil Trual Herb 8-9 N1P2 Troole Berberidaceae Berberis aristata DC. Indian Kashmal Chotra, Rasaut Shrub 4-6 N2P2 barberry Berberis asiatica Roxb Barberry Kilmora Kingora Shrub 3-5 N2P1 Berberis lycium Royle Barberry Chatroi’ Kashmal Kirmora Shrub 4-6 N2P1 Kave dach Betulaceae Alnus nepalensis D.Dun Indian Alder Utis Koni Tree 9-11 N3P2 Alnus nitida Endl. Utis Champ kul Kunish Sharol Tree 9-11 N3P2 Corylus colurna Dence Hazelnut Virin Bhotia Thangi Urni Shrub 3-5 P2 badam Bignoniaceae Cybistax donnell-smithii Rose Gold tree, Small tree 3-6 NP2 basant rani Jacranda mimosifolia D.Don Blue Nili gul- Tree 5-7 N2P2 Jacaranda mohar Campsis grandiflora Trumpet Climber 5-8 N3 P3 Vine Oroxylum indicum Vent. Pampini Ulu Tatpimga Small tree 4-6 N3P2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Bixaceae Xylosma longifolium Clos Arnatto, Chirandi Small tree 11-12 N2P3 Bombacaceae Bombax ceiba L. Red silk Simbal Kiki Semal Pagun Tree 2-3 N1P1 cotton tree Boraginaceae Borago officinalis Borage Herb 2-9 N1P1 Cynoglosum amabile Herb 7-8 N1P2 Echium vulgare Blue Thistle Herb 3-4 N3P2 Ehertia acuminata Ivory wood Punyan Nalshuna Punna Puran Herb 3-4 N3P2 Brassicaceae Brassica campestris. Var rapa Mustard Turnip Herb 3-4 N2P2 Brassica compestris L. var. Black Toria Herb 10-12 N2P2 dichotoma Sarsoo Brassica compestris L. Yellow Sarsoon Herb 10-3 N2P2 var. Sarson Sarsoo Brassica juncea (L) Czern. Indian Asal rai laha Herb 2-3 N2P2 mustard Brassica napus L. Rape Sarsoon Pila Sarsoon Pila Herb 12-3 N1P1 var.glauca OE Schulz sarsoon sarsoon Brassica napus L. Rape Toria Lutni Lahi Kali Herb 12-3 N1P1 var.toria Duthie &Fuller Triya sarsoon Brassica nigra L. True Banarasi Herb 1-2 N2P2 Mustard rai Brassica oleracea var capitata L. Cabbage Ganth Gobi Herb 2-3 N2P3 gobi Brassica oleracea var botrytis L. Cauliflower Phulgobhi Phulgobi Phulgobi Phulgobi Herb 2-3 N2P3 Brassica rapa L. Turnip Shaljum thipper Gonglu Shalgom Herb 1-2 N2P2 Cardamine spp. Cuckoo Herb 1-2 N2P2 flower
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Eruca sativa Mill. Rocket Seoha Tara mira Assu Jimba Herb 2-3 N1P1 salad Raphanus sativus L. Radish Muj Muli Mula Muri Herb 2-3 N1P1 Budaliceae Buddleia asiatica White Bhati Bana Neemda Tree 2-4 N2P3 Butterfly bush Budaliaceae Buddleia asiatica. White Bana Bhati Tree 2-3 N2P3 dammar Cactaceae Opuntia elator Mill Prickly pear Nagphana Chhitarthor Shrub 2-3 N2P2 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchan Khairwal Tree 9-12 N2P3 Bauhinia variegata Wt. Geranium Kachnar Karail Kanchar Tree 2-4 N2P3 tree Bauhinia vahli Wt. Camel's foot Taur Tree 3-5 N2P3 climber Cassia fistula. Indian Bankora Amaltas girimalah Tree 4-7 N3P3 laburnum Cassia occidentalis L. Negro Kasondi Herb 11-3 N2P3 coffee Cassia tora L. Chakunda Panevar Herb 8-12 N3P3 Caesalpinia crista (L.) Roxb. Fever nut Karanju Kat- Shrub 11-4 N3P2 Bonduc nut Karanja Delonix regia Raf. Gulmohr Tree 5-6 N3P2 Hardwickia binnata Roxb. Anjan Tree 10-12 N2P3 Parkinsonia aculeata L. Jerusalem Parkinsonia Small tree 3-6 N3P2 thorn Tamarindus indica L. Tamarind Amli Imli Imbli Ambli Tree 3-5 N1P3 Cannabinaceae Cannabis sativa L. Hemp Bhang Bhang Ganja Charas Herb 6-9 N2P2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Capparaceae Capparis hymalensis Hins Tree, 4-5 N3P3 climber Capparis zeylanica L. Kanthar Ardanda Hins Karvila Tree, 12-4 N3P3 climber Crataeva religiosa Forst Barna Bama Barna Bilasi Tree 4-5 N2P2 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera angustifolia Wall. ex DC Honey suckle Gulla Philku Mithiga Jinjru Shrub, 5-8 N3P3 climber Lonicera periclymenum L. Common Gulla Shrub, 5-8 N3P3 Honeysuckle climber Lonicera Quinquelocularis Hardw. Himalayan Tata bateri Bhati Bakru Phut Shrub, 5-8 N3P3 Honeysuckle climber Viburnum spp. Vikurum Kulmanch Bathor Richh uklu Guch Shrub 5-6 N3P3 , Kulem Caricaceae Carica papaya L. Papaya Papeeta Tree 4-5 N1P2 Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila cerastioides D. Don Gypsophila Herb 3-4 NP Celastraceae Lophopetalum wightianum Arn. Banati Tree 12-2 N2P2 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. White goose Shanathu Bethu Herb 3-5, 8- N3P3 foot 10 Spinacia oleracea L Garden Isfanak Palak Valayati Herb 3-5 N3P3 spinach sag Combretaceae Anogeissus latifolia Wall. Axle wood, Dhawa Chhal Dhaura Tree 12-1; N2P1 Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth Laurel Asan Chila Sain Tree 5-12 N1P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt.& Arn. Arjun, Arjun Arjan Arjuna Tree 4-6 N1P3 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Belliric Behda Bahera Tree 4-5 N2P3 Myrobalan Terminalia chebula Retz. Ink nut, hirda Harar Harra Harar Har Tree 5-6 N1P2 Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis L. Kanchara Shura Kankowa Herb 6-12 N2P2 Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis L. Deer’s Foot Beri Haranpadi Prasarna Weed 4-9 N3P3 Cressa cretica L. Rudravanti Climber 3-9 N3P2 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Amar-Vel Akash- Parasitic, 7-10 P3 bel climber Ipomoea batatas Lam. Sweet potato Mitha alu Shakarkan Herb 8-11 N2P3 di Ipomoea pulchella Roth Railway Herb 8-11 N3P3 creeper Cordiaceae Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Sebesten Lasora Lasura Tree 3-4 N2P2 plum, Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida Ash guard Petha Climber 3-5 N2P2 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. Water-melon Hend Climber 4-5 N2P2 wend Cucumis sativus L. Khira Laer Khira Climber 7-9 N2P2 Cucumis melo L. Melon, Kharbuz Kharbuja Climber 7-9 N2P2 cantaloupe Cucurbita pepo L. Pumpkin Chapanka Kumra Climber 4-6 N2P2 du Cucurbita maxima L. Pumpkin Al Lal Kaddu Kadimah Climber 2-4 N2P2 Kumra Lagenaria siceraria L. Bottle gourd Kaddu Ghiya Lauki Climber 7-9 N2P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb Ribbed Kali tori Kali tori Jhinga tori Climber 5-7 N2P2 gourd Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. Round Ghiya tori Climber 5-9 N2P2 gourd Momordica charantia L. Bitter gourd Karela Kareli Climber 6-9 N1P2 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd Bitter gourd Karela Kaksa Kakaura Kirara Climber 5-10 N1P2 Cyperaceae Cyperus spp. Motha Kaseru Motha Dila Ghass Herb 1-11 P1 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea deltoidea Wall Kins, Singli- Tarar Kniss Climber 6-8 N3P1 Krats mingli Dioscorea melanophyma Prain Burkill Sohnu Climber 8-12 P1 Dipsacaceae Dipsacus inermis Teasel Burash Herb 7-10 N3P3 Scabiosa speciosa Royle Scabious Herb 5-7 N2P3 Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Gaertn. Sal, Saku Sal Seral Tree 3-4 NP1 Ebenaceae Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Beedi leaf Kaindu Hirek Tree 3-4 N1P3 Diospyros tomentosa Roxb Ebony Tendu Kinnu Tree 5-6 N1P3 Ehretiaceae Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Ivory wood Puna Tree 2-4 N1P2 Ehretia laevis Roxb. Tree 3-4 N1P2 Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Oliaster Shiulik Shrub 3-6 N2P2 Elaeagnus Umbellata Thunb. Kulangi Ghain Bamme- Kenkoli Shrub 12-2 N2P2 rawa Elaeagnus parviflora Wall. ex Royle Ginwai Ghain Shrub 4-5 N2P2 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Rudraksham Rudraksha Tree 9-10 N2P2 Schum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Ericaceae Rhododendron arborium Sm.Exot.Bot Alpine rose Kamri Burans Ardawal Mandal Small tree 3-5 N1P2 Euphorbiaceae Antidesma sp Tessi Amtu Umto Tree 1-10 N3P3 Bridelia retusa (L.) Spr. Kasi Gondui Ekdania Khaja Tree 6-8 N2P3 Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Euphorbia Thor Danda- Suli Shrub 4-5 N3P3 Thor Glochidion spp. Kalchia, Sama Pundana Small tree 2-5 NP2 Jatropha curcas L. Physic nut Jangli Japlita Shrub 4-7 N2P2 arandi Mallotus spp. Kamala dye Kamal Kaimbal Kamal Sinfur Tree 8-11 P1 Phyllanthus acidus (L) Skeels Star Tree 4-6 N2P2 gooseberry Phyllanthus emblica L. Amla Anula Tree 3-5 N3P2 Ricinus communis L. Castor Erandi Arand Arandi Large shrub 5-8 P2 Sapium insigne Trimen. Moutain Dudla Bilodar Biloja Tree 5-6 NP2 tallow, Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Chinese Biloza Baloza Tree 6-7 NP2 tallow, Fabaceae Atylosia spp. Bajhala, Shrub, 2-7; N3P2 rantur, climber 10-12 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Palas, dhak Palas Prayash Palah Tree 5-9 N2 Cajanus cajan L. Red gram Arhar Arhar Shrub 5-9 N1P2 Cicer arietinum L. Bengal Gram Chana Herb 2 NP2 Gram Crotoloaria spp. Sannhemp Khip Sis Sissai Under 7-9 NP3 Shrub Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Rose wood, Shisam Tree 1-3 N1P2 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sissoo Shisham Tali Tahil Tree 3-5 N1P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Desmodium oojeinensis. Sandan Panam Sanam Tinsa Small tree 3-4 N1P2 Desmodium elegans D C Mooti Tree 4-6 N1P2 Erythrina suberosa L. Indian Coral Pangra Madar Mandra Tree 3-4 N2P2 tree Erythrina varietaga L. Coral tree Dadap Mandar Tree 3-6 N2P2 var. orientalis L. Flemingia spp. Ajhar, Bara- Kussunt Shrub 10-5 N2P2 salpan Glycine max (L.)Merr. Soyabean Herb 7-8 N3P3 Indigofera spp. Indigofera Kotz Kathi Mothi Shrub 6-8 N2P2 Lathyrus sativus. Grass pea Latril tiuri Kisari Karil Herb 3-6 N2 Lespedeza spp. Lespedeza Mahori Shrub 6-7 N2 Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa Hol Lucerne, Lusan Herb 5-8 N1P2 Melilotus alba desr. White sweet Safed Herb 3-7 N1P2 clover senji Melilotus indica All. Sweet Banmethi Senji Metha Herb 3-7 N1P2 clover Melilotus parviflora Common Saiti Herb 2-3 N1P2 melilot Phaseolus trilobus Ait. Pulses, Trianguli Mugam Herb 2-3 N1P2 Beans Pisum arvense L. Pea, matar Desi Herb 3-7 N2P2 Matar Pisum sativum L. Pea, matar Matar Herb 3-7 N2P2 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Indian Karanj Sukhchein Tree 3-6 N1P1 beech, Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Kino tree, Bijasal Bija Tree 3-5 N2P2 Robinia pseudacacia L. Black FalseKiku Kikar - - Tree 4-6 N1P1 locust, r Smithia spp. Barka Odabrini Herb 3-9 N2P1 Sophora spp. Pagoda tree Brisari Kathi Kun Kohen Tree 6-8 N2P2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Trifolium alexandrium L. Egyptian Berseem Herb 4-7 N1P1 clover, Trifolium pratense L. Red clover Trepatra Chit-batoo Herb 4-7 N2P2 Trifolium repens L. White clover Batak Herb 4-7 N1P2 neur Trigonella spp. Methi Maithi Herb 6-9 N2P2 Vicia faba L. Broad bean Katun Raj- Bakla Kabli bakla Climber 4-8 N2P1 rawan Vicia cracca L. Field Bean, Climber 4-8 N2P1 Vigna radiatus (L.) Rwilczek var. Mung bean Mung Herb 1-3 N2P2 chloropermus Vigna radiatus (L.) Rwilczek var. Blackgram Urd Herb 1-3 N2P2 melanopermus
Fagaceae Castanea sativa Mill. Sweet Pungaeb Tree 6-7 N2P2 Chestnut Gour Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Indian Tree 9-10 N2P3 Lindl.)A.DC. Chestnut Quercus spp. Oak, phaniat ShiddarHu Mohru Bran, Rin Banchar Tree 4-7 N2P3 m Banchar Moru, Shindar
Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Sweet thorn, Bilangra Kangu Kangoo Kanju Tree 9-2 N2P2 Flacourtia sapida Roxb Kangini Tree 9-2 N2P2 Gentianaceae Gentiana pedicellata Gentiana, Nillkanth Kutki Nilkant Karu Herb 4-7 N3P2 Nymphaea sp.. Blue Water lily Brimposh Chota Nilpadma Bambher Herb 1-12 N3P2 kanwal Swertia spp. Swertia Karipet Chiretta Herb 8-10 N3P3
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Geraniaceae Erodium spp. Erodium Herb 4-6 N2P2 Geranium spp. Crane's bill Roel Laljhari Bhand Liljahri Herb 5-7 N3P3 Hippocastanaceae Aesculus indica Colebr. ex Cambess Horse chestnut Hanudun, Bankhor Kanur Khanor Tree 5-6 N2P2 Hane Icacinaceae Apodytes beddomei Mast. Ammemara Tree 11-1 N1P2 Iridaceae Crocus sativus L. Saffron, Kesar, Herb 9-11 N2P1 Kung Iris ensata /Iris nepalensis Don Iris Mazar Shalbo Mond, Sosan Herb 4-5 N2P2 Juglandaceae Juglans regia L. Walnut, akhrot Akhrot Khrot Tree 2-4 N2P2 Doon Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica Herb 8-11 N2P2 Elsholtzia spp. Bhinchi Garudar Rangchari Herb 8-11 N2P2 Lamium spp. Dead nettle Herb 4-10 N2P3 Leonurus cardiaca L. Mother wort Herb 6-8 N3P3 Leucas cephalotes Spreng. Phuman Bhuna Chatra GUldoda Herb 8-10 N3P3 Mentha spp. Mint Ven, Jungli Baburi Koshu Herb 7-10 N3 Pudin pudina Nepeta spp. Catmint Gandh soi Zufa yabis Badranj Herb 5-8 N3P3 Ocimum spp. Basil, tulsi, etc. Gulal Bantulsi Herb 6-9 N3P3 Tulsi Origanum vulgare L. Marjoram Marzanjos Sathra Herb 7-9 N2P2 h Plectranthus spp. Plectranthus Solei, Sula Chhichhri Piumar Herb 8-12 N1P2 Pogostemon spp. Ban tulsi, Pacholi Peholi Shrub 7-2 N1P1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rabdosia coesta (Buch.-Ham. ex Kalthunia, shain Shrub 8-11 N1P2 D.Don) Hara Isodon rugosa Shain, sulah Sloi Chhi- Shrub 8-10 N1P2 chhri Rosmarinus offinalis L. Rosemary Herb 4-6 N2P2 Salvia spp. Sage Sholar Herb 7-10 N2P2 Stachys spp. Woundwort Herb 6-9 N2P3 Teucrium spp. Wood Sage Herb 8-9 N3P3 Thymus spp. Thyme Javen Pipli Shakei marizha Shrub 5-10 N2P3 Lauraceae Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl. Cinnamon tree Tejpatra Tree 12-3 N2P2 Litsea polyantha Juss. Meda Tree 12-1 N3P3 Litsea spp. Maida, Meda Tree 12-1 N1P1 lakri Persea spp. Avocado, Tree 12-1 N2P2 Leeaceae Leea spp. Hansia-dhapan Shrub 3-9 N3P2 Liliaceae Allium cepa L. Onion Gande Herb 5-6 N3P3 Allium sativum L. Garlic Thom Herb 5-6 N3P3 Pran Asparagus spp. Shatavari Safed Kleunti, Asparagus Climber 8-11 N2P2 Musli Kelti Asphodelus tenuifolilus Cav. Piazi Herb 7-10 N3P2 Gloriosa subperba L. Kala lavi, Twiner 7-10 NP2 Linaceae Linum usitatissimum L. Flax, etc. Linseed Alsi Herb 1-12 N2P1 Loganiaceae Buddleja spp. Buddleia, Sadraila Shrub 6-9 N2P2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcate (L.f.) Banda, Banda Parand Partial 3-5 N2P2 Ettingshausen stem Viscum album L. Badanika, Narata parasite 7-11 N2P2 Lythraceae Cuphea micrantha Kunth Cuphea, Herb 2-11 N2P3 Waxweed Lagerstroemia indica L. Pride of India, Small 7-9 N2P2 Tree Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt. Benteak, nana Tree 3-5 N1P2 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Nandi, bondar Tree 4-6 N1P2 Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Jarul, poo Queen Tree 3-4 N3P2 maruthu flower Lawsonia inermis L. Henna plant, Mehndi Shrub 3-9 NP1 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Dhaiti, dauri, Dhai Dhavsha Dhawin Jargi Shrub 3-10 N1P2 Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Madhavilatha Chopar Endra Madabi lata Liana type 2-4 N2P2 shrub Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus L. Lady's finger Bhindi Herb 7-9 N3P3 Abutilon spp. Thutti, etc. Kanghi Shrub 1-12 N2P2 Althaea rosea Cav. Hollyhock Herb 6-10 N2P2 Gossypium arboreum L. Cotton Kapas Shrub 7-9 N3P3 Hibiscus cannabinus L. Deccan hemp Herb 7-8 N3P3 Malva sylvestris L. Mallow Soohal Khubasi Herb 6-10 N2P3 Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borssum Bhiumli Herb, 5-10 N3P1 Sida cordifolia L. Kharenti Herb, 8-10 N3P1 Urena spp. Boriyal, Shrub 7-11 N3P2 Martyniaceae Martynia annua L. Tiger claw Herb 8-11 N2P1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Juss. Margosa Neem Nim Tree 5-9 N2P3 Melia azadirachta. Bead tree Drek Jek, Drek Tree 1-7 N2P2 Bakain Toona ciliata M. Cedrella Tunsh Tuni Tun Tree 3-6 N1P2 Trichilia cinnaroides (Wt. & Arn.) Korakkadi, kora Small tree 3-4 N3P2 Bent. Menispermaceae Coculus laurifolius Diels. Small tree 4-6 N3P1 Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers Gindaru Climber 7-12 P1 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Chintil, gol- Giloe Large 3-6 N3P1 Hd.f.&Thoms. uncha, gunge climber Mimosaceae Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Australian Tree 1-5 N2P2 acacia Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Cutch tree, Khair Khair Khair Tree 2-5 N1P2 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Panicled acacia, Reru Tree 8-11 N2P1 safed kikar Acacia modesta Wall. Phulai Phalahi Tree 3-4 N2P2 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. sp. indica Babul, kikar Babul Kikar Tree 1-9 N3P2 (Benth.) Bren. Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv Siris, Siran Safed Siris Tree 3-5 N2P2 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Siris, Kala siris Tree 3-5 N2P2 Mimosa himalayana Gamble Bramble stalk, Kasari, Durghari Shrub 8-12 N1P2 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Shami, jammi Jand Khejra Khar Tree 9-4 N2P2 Prosopis juliflora DC. Misquite, deb Kabuli Vilayati Small tree, 9-3 N1P1 babul, kikar Khejra Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Drumstick tree Sohanjna Sohanjna Tree 1-12 N1P2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Moraceae Morus alba L. White Mulberry Tul, Toot Kimu Tut Moru Tree 3-4 P2 Morus nigra L. Black Mulberry Shah tul Tree 3-4 P2 Morus serrata Roxb. Himalayan Kimu Tree 3-4 P2 mulberry Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus(Curt.) Skeels Bottle Brush Small tree 4-5 N2P2 Eucalyptus spp. Eucalyptus Safeda Safeda Safeda Tree 2-4, N1P1 Psidium guajava L. Guava Amrud Tree 5-6 N3P3 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wt. Hill goos-berry, Shrub 4-8 N2P2 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jamun Jamun Jamun Tree 5-6 N1P2 Syzygium jamblona (Duthie) Gamble Rose apple Small tree 2-6, N1P1 9-11 Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Lotus Padam Kanwal Pamposh Herb 6-8 P1 Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia spp. Ghetuti, Herb 1-12 N2P2 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea spp. Water lily, Iilopher Chota Brimposh Herb 1-12 NP1 Kanwal Oleaceae Olea europaea L. Olive Tree 5-6; NP1 Oxalidaceae Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Chui mui, Herb 7-12 N2P2 Oxalis spp. Indian sorrel, Khatti buti Maroli Herb 2-6 N3P1 etc. Papvaraceae Argemone mexicana L. Pivla Dhotra Bharband Herb 5-7 P3 Maconopsis Poppy Herb 6-8 N3P31 Papaver spp. Poppy Opium Herb 3-4 N3P1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pedaliaceae Sesamum indicum L. Sesamum Herb 7-9 N3P3 Plantaginaceae Plantago spp. Plantago Gul Baltang Herb 3-9 N2P1 a Poaceae Cynodon dactylon L. Dub Joob, Khabal Hariali Herb 5-9 P3 Doob Oryza spp. Paddy Dhan Dhan Dhan Dhan Herb 9-11 NP3 Panicum spp. Panic Gharam Ghamur Herb 7-11 P1 Pennisetum typhoided Stapf. &Hubb. Spiked Bajra Bajra Bajra Herb 10-11 N3P1 Millet Sorghum vulgare pers. Pearl millet, Herb 1-12 N2P1 Zea mays L. Maize Bhutta Herb 7-8 P2 Polygalaceae Polylgala spp. Meradu, Herb 4-8 N3P2 nilk Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Arn. Railway or Climber 1-12 N1P1 coral creeper Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. Buck wheat, Herb 6-9 N1P2 Fagopyrum esculantum Moench Common Trumbe Phaphra Herb 6-9 N1P2 Buck wheat, Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. Indian Buck Herb 6-9 N1P2 wheat, Polygonum spp. Polygonum, Tsok ladar Manana Herb 6-9 N2P2 . Rumex spp. Sorrel, Tsok tsin, Khat- Herb 6-12 N2P2 Dock Abuj marora
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Portulacaceae Portulaca glandiflora Hook Portulaca Nunar Herb 6-9 N2P1 Primulaceae Primula spp. Primula Herb 3-6 N3P3 Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunn Silver Oak Tree 3-6 N1P1 Punicaceae Punica granatum L. Pomogranate Daen Danimb Tree 4-5 N2P1 Ranunculaceae Caltha spp. Marsh Marigold Shrub 4-7 N3P2 Clematis spp. Clematis Agar ranth Bel Climber 3-5 N2P2 kangu Delphinium ajacis L. Rocket Larkspur Herb 2-3 N2P2 Delphinium Brunonianum Royle Musk Larkspur Herb 2-3 N2P2 Delphinium consolida L. Forking Larkspur Nirbisi Herb 2-3 N2P2 Delphinium elatum L. Candle Larkspur Nibishi Jadwar Herb 2-3 N2P2 Delphinium zalil Aitch. & Hemsl Zalil Larkspur Herb 2-3 N2P2 Ranunculus arvensis L. Butter cup Badailtu Herb 5-6 N3P3 Rhamnaceae Ventilago spp. Pitti, Kalalag Kalibeli Rktapita Woody 11-3 N2P3 climber Ziziphhus jujube Mill Chinese Jujube Ber Tree 3-6; 12-2 N1P1 Zizyphhus maurtiana Lamk. Indian Jujube Ber Baer Tree 7-11 N2P2 Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Mill. Jackal Jujube Shrub 1-5 N3P2 Ziziphhus rugosa Lamk. Churna Shrub 1-5 N3P1 Ziziphhus numularia Wild Jujube Kokanber Balah Shrub 4-6 N1P3 Ziziphhus xylocarpus (Reitz.) Willd Kat-ber, Suti Gotti, Chirlu Shrub 3-12 N3P2 Rosaceae Cydonia oblonga Mill. Quince Bamsutu Amritphala 4-5 N2P2 Eribotrya japonica Lindl. Loquat Tree 2-3 N3P3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Fragaria vesca L. Strawberry Ishtabur Herb 4-5 N2P2 Malus domestica Mill. Apple Tsunt Tree 3-4 N1P3 Malus pumile Mill. Apple Tree 3-4 N1P1 Potentilla spp. Silver weed Banakru Shrub 6-8 N1P3 Prinsepia utilis Royle Bekhal Bekhal Shrub 9-11 N1P2 Prunus armeniaca L. Apricot Tsear Khurma Tree 3-4 N1P1 ni Chuli Prunus amygdalus Batsch. Almond Badam Tree 3-4 N1P1 Prunus avium L. Cherry Gillas Tree 3-4 N2P2 Prunus cerasoides D. Wild Cherry Gurdol Paza Tree 10-11 N2P2 padam Prunus domestica L. Plum Tree 2-3 N1P1 Prunus pashia Buch-Ham Wild pear Kainth Chopru Kainth Tree 2-3 N1P1 Pyrus persica L. Batsch. Peach Aru Gatheru Tree 2-3 N1P1 Pyrus communis L. Pear Tasang Nakh Tree 2-4 N2P2 Rosa macrophylla L. Rose Gulbari Shrub 3-5 N3P2 Rosa moschata Mill. Wild Rose Krich Peepli Shrub 4-6 N2P1 Rubus biflorus Bunch. Ham.ex Sm. Chanch, Bhasm- Shrub 2-4 N2P2 Raspberry dhoru Rubus ellipticus Sm. Hinsalu Akhray Heinra Shrub 2-4 N2P2 Rubus idaeus L. European Shrub 9-10 N1P1 Raspberry Rubus niveus Thunb. Mysore Chhanchh Shrub 6-8 N1P1 Raspberry Rubus paniculatus Sm. Black Raspberry Shrub 3-5 N1P1 Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon spp. Kuthan, bhaulan Banthua Tree 6-7 N2P3 Mitragyna parviflora Korth. Kaim, Kadam Kadam Tree 3-5 N3P2 Spermadictylon suaveolens Roxb. Gidesa Shrub 10-3 N2P2 Wendlandia exserta DC. Chaulai smallTree 11-2 N2P1 Wendlandia tinctoria DC. Tula-lodh Pansera Small tree 2-4 N1P1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Rutaceae Small tree Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bael tree, Bilgiri Bael Bel Tree 3-6 N2P1 Atlantia malabarica (Rafin.) Wild lime Small tree 11-1 N2P2 Tanaka Atlantia racemosa Wt. Small tree 11-1 N2P2 Citrus aurantifolia Swing. Lime Tree 3-4 N1P1 Citrus limettoides L. Sweet lime Tree 3-4 N1P1 Citrus maxima L. Chakotra Tree 3-4 N1P1 Citrus medica limonum L. Citron Khatta Tree 3-4 N1P1 Citrus reticulata L. Manderin Kinnow Tree 3-4 N1P1 Citrus grandis Pumelo Tree 3-4 N1P1 Limonia acidissima L. Wood apple, Bilan Tree 2-3 N2P2 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Curry leaf tree Mitha Kurry Ga Barsanga Shrub 4-5 N3P2 neem patta ndhela Salicaceae Populus ciliata Wall. Poplar, Fras Chalun Bahan tilaunja Tree 2-4 N2P2 Salix alba L. White willow Vivir madnu Bis Bhushan Tree 2-3 N2P2 Salix babylonica L. Weeping willow Koshar vir Manju Bisa Bada Tree 2-3 N2P2 Salix caprea L. Goat Willow Pussy Bedmushk 2-3 N1P1 willow Salix elegans Wall. Ex anderss Willow Bitsu Bida Tree 2-3 N2P2 Salix frogilis L. Kashmir Willow Vir Tilchang Bedmajnu Tree 2-3 N2P2 Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Indian Willow Bins Besu Bain Bitsa Tree 2-3 N2P2 Salix wallichianaI Andress Jungle Willow Geur Laila Bivir Tree 2-3 N2P2 Salvadoraceae Salvadora oleoides Decne Bahapilu Jhal Tree 3-5 NP2 Salvadora Persica L. Sat Bush, Pilu Tree 3-5 NP2 Mustard tree Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Sinatha, Jakhmi, Nokhi mendru Shrub 2-5 N2P2 dali 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud. Longan tree, Dudhi Richni Tree 2-3 N1P3 Nephelium litchi Comb. Litchi Tree 3-4 N1P2 Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Soapnut Reetha Doda Tree 10-12 N1P2 Sapotaceae Aesandra butyracea Roxb. Indian butter tree Tree 2-5 N1P2 Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Mac Butter tree Mowra Mahwa Tree 2-5 N1P2 Br. Scrophulariaceae Torenia indica Saldanha Kakopu Herb 8-11 N2P1 Verbascum spp. Bantamakhu, Phulla Herb 1-12 N3P2 jakhmirir Veronica spp. Brooklime Phulla Herb 1-12 P1 Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Tree of hea-ven, Dalli Chatraw Ullinium 5-6 N2P2 la Solanaceae Acnistus arborescens Brazil cut Shrub 7-9; 11-2 N2P1 Capsicum frutescens L. Chillie Mirchi Herb 8-10 N2P3 Datura stramonium L. Tharn Apple Datur Safed- Herb 6-9 P3 Dhatura Lycopersicum esculentum Mill Tomato Tomato Herb 3-10 N3P3 Solanum nigrum L. Black night shade Kach Makoi Herb 10-4 N3P3 mach Solanum surattense Burm.f Nightshade Herb 1-12 N3P3 Solanum melongana L. Egg plant Wangun Bhanta Herb 6-8 N3P3 Sterculiaceae Dombeya mastersii Hk.f. Dombeya Shrub 11-1 N2P2 Kleinhovia opospital L. Kleinhovia, Tree 5-9 N2P2 Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudraksha Tree 7-10 N2P3 Helicteres isora L. East Indian Screw Marror Shrub 7-12 N1P3 tree phali 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Symplocaceae Symplocos paniculata Miq. Saphire Berry Tree 10-5 N2P2 Symplocos sumunita D.doon Pathani lodh Tree 10-5 N2P2 Tamaricaceae Tamarix spp. Jhau, kori Jhau Tree 5-7; 8-2 N2P2 Theaceae Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Tea plant Tree 12-3 N2P1 Camellia japonica Linn. Garden camelia Tree 10-12 N2P1 Eurya acuminata DC. Wild osmanthus Tree 9-10 N1P1 Eurya japonica Thunb. Wild osmanthus Tree 9-10 N1P1 Schima wallichii Needle Wood Tree 5-6 N2P2 Thymeliaceae Daphne oleides Scherb. Daphne Shrub 7-9 N3P3 Lasiosiphon eriocephalus Dcne. Rametha, nunju, Shrub 10-3 N3P2 Tiliaceae Corchorus spp. Jute plant, banpat Shrub 8-3 N3P2 Grewia glabra Blume Bhemal Tree 12-9 N2P2 Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl Dhaman Dhaman Tree 12-9 N2P2 Tilia spp Lime Boss wood Tree 8-9; N1 Typhaceae Typha australis Schum. & Thonn Lesser Indian Tall grass 5-7 P1 Reed-mace Typha elephantine Roxb. Elephant-grass Petz Tall grass 5-7 P1 Typha laxmannii Scented-flag Tall grass 5-7 P1 Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Indian elm, Kanju Rajain Khulen Tree 1-6 NP2 Planch. Trema orientalis Blume Charcoal tree Tree 2-5 N3P3 Urticaceae Celtis australis L. Khirak Tree 9-11 P3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Pilea spp. Gun powder Under tree 9-11 NP2 plant, Urtica dioca L. Stinging-nettle Soi Bichhu- Shrub 5-10 NP2 buti Verbenaceae Caryopteris odorata (Hamilton) Chingari Tree 2-3 N2P3 B.L.Robinson Gmelina arborea Roxb. Gumhar, sivna Gumhar Tree 11-12 N2P1 Verbena officinalis Linn Vervain Climber 6-7 N1P2 Vitex spp. Bannah Violet Banah Nirgandi Bana Shrub 5-6 N2P2 Violaceae Herb Viola odorata L. Sweet violet Baunafsha 6-8 N3P3 Vitaceae Ampelocissus spp. Wild grape Panibel Gidardakh Climber 6-10 N2P2 Cayratia spp. Fox grape Climber 5-10 N2P2 Cissus spp. Vajravalli, etc. Climber 1-12 N2P2 Vitis vinifera L. Grape vine Dachh Climber 5-6 N3P3 Zingiberaceae Curcuma spp. Trumeric Herb 7-12 N3P2 Hedychium spp. Garland flower Herb 6-12 NP2 Zingiber spp. Ginger, , Herb 6-12 NP3 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Land-caltrops Puncturevi Gokhru Herb 1-12 N2P2 ne
1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January, 2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December.
2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen; 1 = major and important source; 2 = source of normal importance; 3 = source of minor importance.
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Honeybee forage plants of South India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala States)
Flowe- Bee Family / Botanical Name Kannada Telugu Tamil Malyalam ring Forage Period1 Value2 Acanthaceae Acanthus ilicifolius L. Holechudi Alchi Attumulli Chakkaramulli 1-12 N3P2 Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. Adusoge Adasaramu Adatho-dai Adalod-agam 4-11 N3P2 Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nelaberu Nelavemu Nelavepu Nelavepu 8-12 N2P2 Wall. ex Nees Asystasia macrocarpa Nees -- -- Meddy keerai Upputhali 6-12 N2P2 Barleria prionitis L. Mullu gorinte Mulla-gorinta Shemuli Shemuli 11-3 N2P1 Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) --- Addasaram ------7-2 N1P1 M.R.&S.M.Alm. Hygrophila serpyllum (Nees) --- Weed in rice ------7-2 N1P1 T.Anders fields Justicia betonica L. ---- Tellarantu Velimungil Vellakurungi 10-4 N2P2 Justicia gendarussa L. Karinekkigida Nallavavila Karu-notchi Karunochil 8-10 N2P2 Lepidagathis cristata Willd Karappan Poondu 10-2 N1P1 Phlebophyllum kunthianum ------Kurunji --- 8-12 N1P1 (T.Anders.) Nees Ruellia tuberosa L. --- Chatapata kayala Tapas kaaya Tapas kaaya 6-11 N2P2 Rungia repens (L.) Nees Kodagasale gida --- Kodaga saleh --- 7-8 N3P3 Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb.ex Indra pushpa ------Noorvan valli 1-3 N3P2 Rottl.) Roxb. Agavaceae Agave americana L. Bhuttale Kithanara Aanaika-thaalai Panamkattazha 9-11 N3P3 Polianthus tuberosa L. Sugandharaja Sugandharaji Nilasampangi -- 1-12 P1
1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January, 2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December. 2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen; 1 = major and important source; 2 = source of normal importance; 3 = source of minor importance.
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Aizoaceae Trianthema portulacastrum L. Bilikommae Thella galizeru Vellaishaaranai -- 1-12 N2P2 Alangiaceae Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Ankola Udaga Alingi Arinjil 3-6 N2P2 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. Uttarane Uttareni Nayurivi Katalati 1-12 N2P2 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. Bilihindisoppu Pindiconda --- Cherupula 7-3 N2P1 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. Honnagone soppu Ponnaganti Ponnaganni Ponnaganni 1-12 N2P1 ex DC. keeray keeray Amaranthus caudatusL. Thotakura Sirukiray 6-7 N2P2 Amaranthus spinosus L. Mullu harive Mulla thotakura Mulluk- kerai Kattu-mullen 7-12 N2P1 Celosia argentea L. --- Gorugu ------7-12 N2P2 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. -- -- Adaiotti -- 7-1 N2P1 Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum L. Visha mungali Kesarchettu Visha mungili -- 5-10 N3P2 Anacardiaceae Anacardium occidentale L. Geru bija Jeedi mamidi Mindiri Andi Paruppu 1-5 N1P2 Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Nurkal Sara Morala Munga 1-5 N2P3 Holigarna spp. Holigar Biba Karun charei Chrei 1-3 N2P3 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Ajasringi Gumpuni Wodier Odiya 2-5 N2P2 Merr. Rhus mysorensis Sabale Sitha Sappula -- 2-6 N3P3 Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Cheru Nalla Jeedi Cherang kottei 6-7 N2P3 Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Ambatte Konda Mamidi Mari-mangai Ambazham 2-3 N2P2 Apiaceae Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Brhmi Saraswathi Aku Vallarei -- 4-11 N1P3 Coriandrum sativum L. Kothambri Dhaniyalu Kotha malli Kothum palari 3-8 N1P1 Cuminum cyminum L. Jeerige Jeelakarra Siragam -- 2-3 N2P3 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Oma Vaamu Omum Omam 11-1 N1P2 Spragne
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Apocynaceae Carissa congesta Wt. Karekayi Vaka Kalakkay -- 4-5 N2P2 Vallaris solanacea (Roth) O.Ktze. Bugadi Madumalati -- -- 12-4 N2P2 Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Bepalle Repala Veypalee Aiyapala 3-6 N1P3 Araliaceae Schefflera elliptica (Bl.) Harms Bethu Puligoru Moda-kama Modakom 3-5 N1P3 Schefflera wallichiana Harms. Sanna bethu ------Modakom 3-5 N1P3 Arecaceae Areca catechu L. Adike Vakka Pakku Adakka 1-12 N2P2 Borassus flabellifer L. Tale Tadi Panai Pana 1-12 N1P1 Caryota urens L. Bagani Jilluga Tippili Anapana 1-12 N1P3 Cocos nucifera L. Tengu Kobbari Tennai Thenna 1-12 N1P1 Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm 1-12 N2P1 Nipa fruticans Thunb. --- Nipamu -- --- 1-12 N2P3 Phoenix humilis Becc.& Hk.f. Sir- icha Konda Etha Malai- icha --- 2-3 N1P3 Phoenix sylvestris Roxb Ichalu Etha Icham Inda 12-2 N2P3 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait Arkagida Jilledu Arkkam Erikku 1-12 N2P1 Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. Hamubukalli Konda pala Kulu-toa Somalata 7-12 N2P2 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides L. Nayitulasi Pumpillu 8-5 N3P3 Artemisia maritima L. Uruvalu Machipattri Machipattri Nilampala 8-10 N3P3 Aster spp. Aster Aster Aster Aster 7-11 N3P3 Carthamus tinctorius L. Kusambe Kusumba Sendurakam Sendurakam 1-2 N2P2 Echinops echinatus Roxb. 5-6 N3P3 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Garagada Galagara Garuga --- 1-12 N2P2 Eupatorium odoratum L. Anai poochadi ------7-9 N2P3 Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. Gurellu Oliselu Payellu Kadelu 9-11 N1P1 Helianthus annuus L. Suryakanti Poddu thirugudu Suryakanti Suryakanti 1-12 N1P1
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Solidago canadensis L. Golden rod 6-9 N2P3 Tagetus erecta L. -- Banthi Tulukka Chendumalli 9-12 N3P3 Tagetus minuta L --- Kara banthi --- -- 6-1 N3P3 Tridax procumbens L. Savanthi Gaddi Vettukkaaya 1-12 N2P2 Chemanthi Vernonia cinerea Sahadevi garittikamma Mukuttipundu Puvankondanthel 3-5 N1P2 Vernonia monosis DC. Shutthi Kadaveri 3-5 N1P2 Xanthium indicum Koen. Maruluummatti Marulamathangi Maruloomatham Maruloomatham 3-6 N3P1 Averrhoaceae Averrhoa carambola L. Carambola ------3-5 N1P2 Avicenniaceae Avicennia officinalis L. ---- Mada -- -- 8-11 N1P2 Balsaminaceae Impatiens spp. --- Chilakamukku Kasittumbai Mecchingom 6-9 N1P2 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn. Holekauva Kadapa --- -- 4-9 N2P2 Bignoniaceae Dolichandrone spp. Wudige Udda Katuvarsana Katuvarsana 3-6 N3P2 Heterophragma quadriloculare Becadi Bondgu Bara-kalagoru Bara-kalagoru 1-4 NP2 (Roxb.) K.Schum. Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Biratumara Karuki Maramalli Katesam 7-9 P2 Oroxylum indicum (L). Vent. Tigdu Pampini Achi Vellapadiri 4-6 N3P2 Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Lujjekaya Patade Patadi --- 3-6 NP2 Stereospermum spp. Kantiruli Pisul Padiri Karingkura 4-6 N3P2 Tabebuia spp. 3-6 NP2 Tecoma spp. Koreneklar Pachagotla Sonapatti -- 3-9 NP2 Bixaceae Bixa orellana L. Rangumale Jafra Varagumanjal -- 2-4 NP1 Bombacaceae Adansonia digitata L. Magimavu Buruga Anaipuli --- 4-6 N1P1
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Bombax ceiba L. Burga Yerra Buruga Elavamaram Ilavu 2-3 N1P1 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Buraga Tella Buruga Panya Ulagamaram 3-5 N1P1 Boraginaceae Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Chikkacagalle Iriki Naruvili Viri 3-4 N2P2 Cynoglossum ramiflora L. Kanaga Irudbu Irripa 5-9 N3P3 Ehretia laevis Roxb. Kappura Paladatam Addula Chavandi 2-4 N1P2 Trichodesma indicum Rbr. Katttetumbesoppu Guvvagutti Kazhothai- --- 10-12 N3P2 humbai Brassicaceae Brassica juncea (L) Czern. & --- Sanna Avalu Kadalu Kadugu 12-3 N2P2 Coss. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Kari-soasivae Chinna avalu Sirukadugu Katuka 3-5 N1P1 Raphanus sativus L. Mullangi Mullangi Mullangi Mullangi 2-3 N1P1 Burseraceae Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Chitta Guggilam Dhupam Guggulu 4-6 N3P2 Colebr. Canarium strictum Roxb. Manda dhup Guggilam Karung Thellai 3-5 N3P2 kugiliyam Garuga pinnata Roxb. Halabalagi Garuga Arunelli Annakara 4-5 N3P2 Cactaceae Opuntia elatior Mill. Papaskalli Naga Jemudu Nagathali Palakakkalli 8-3 N2P2 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchivala Kanchanam Mandarai Chuvanamandaram 9-12 N2P3 Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Banne Are Arai Arampali 3-4 N2P3 Bauhinia vahli Wt. & Arn. Ane-padu Addaku Adda -- 3-5 N2P3 Bauhinia variegata L. Kancha vala Devakanchanam Mantharai Chuvanamandaram 2-4 N2P3 Cassia auriculata L Avarikke Tangedu Avaram Avara 10-5 N2P2 Cassia occidentalis L. ---- Kasintha Nattam Nataram 11-3 N2P3 Cassia tora L. Vanvarika Tantemu Tagarai Takara 8-12 N3P3
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Caesalpinia crista L. Gajakai Gachha kaya Kazhichikay Kazanchik-kuru 9-12 N3P2 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Kencige Pamidi tangedu Mayi-konnai Settimandaram 1-12 N3P3 Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Sunkatti Sankesulu Vathanarayanan -- 3-4 N3P3 Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hk.) Raf. Doddaratnagandhi Sima sankesulu Mayarum Alasippu 5-6 N3P2 Hadwickia binata Roxb. Kamara Yepi Aaccha Acha 10-12 N2P3 Parkinsonia aculeata L. Kodanchi Sinia tumma -- -- 3-6 N3P2 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) --- Konda Chinta Iyalva Manjalkonnai 3-5 N2P1 Baker ex Heyne Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth) Badubukalu Korintha, Siki Karindu Koyya 6-12 N3P2 Sant. & Wagh Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Asoka Seetha Ashoka Asoka Asokam 1-4 NP3 Tamarindus indica L. Hunase Chintha Puli Puli 3-5 N1P3 Capparidaceae Capparis grandis L.f. Revapi Oridonda Nakkuliinjan Waghutty 4-5 N3P3 Capparis zeylanica L. Tottulla Atanada Adondai Wag Govindi 12-4 N3P3 Cleome gynandra L. --- Vamiti Velai Nell Velai 1-12 N1P2 Cleome viscosa L. Nayibela Kuka vamiti Nayikkadugu Ariavila 7-1 N1P2 Crataeva mogna (Lour.) DC Nirvala Uskiman Mavilingam Nirmathalam 12-4 N2P2 Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sarve Sarivi Savukku Chavukku 2-4 P3 Celastraceae Lophopetalum wightianum Arn. Banate Balpale Venkottei Venkotta 12-2 N2P2 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. -- Pappukura Parupukkirai -- 3-5, 8-10 N3P3 Spinacia oleracea L Spinaksoppu Dumpabachhali Vasayleykiray -- 3-5 N3P3 Clusiaceae Garcinia indica (Du Petit-Thou.) Murgala -- Murgal -- 3-5 NP1 Choisy Mammea suriga Kosterm. Suragi Suraponna Nagappu Seraya 3-4 P1 Mesua ferrea L. Nagakesara Nagakesaramu Nangu Nanga 1-4 P1
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Cochlorspermaceae Cochlospermum religiosum Alst. Arainaburaga Konda Gogu Kongilam Appakutakka 2-4 N3P2 Combretaceae Anogueissus latifolia Wall Dindal Chirumanu Vellai-nagai Vella nava 12-1; N2P1 Calycopteris floribunda Poir. Urdu kokundia Pottangi Pillani Pullanji 3-7 N3P3 Combretum ovalifolium Roxb. --- Yedatiga Verragay Pullani 2-4 N3P3 Quisqualis indica L. --- Radha Madhav Rangoon mallikai ---- 3-4 P2 Terminalia bellirica (Gartn.)Roxb. Santi Thandra Thani Thani 4-5 N2P3 Terminalia cattappa L. Taree Badamu Nattu-vadam Badam 2-8 N1P3 Terminalia chebula Retz. Heerda Karakkaya Kadukkai Kadukka 5-6 N1P2 Terminalia crenulata Heyne Matti Nalla Maddi Karu-maruthu Karu marude 4-6 N1P3 Terminalia tomentosa W.et A Banappu Nalla Maddi Karumaruthu --- 4-6 N1P2 Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis L. --- Vennadevikura Kanavazhai Kananagakarai 6-12 N2P2 Cyanotis spp. --- Golagandi Nirupalli Vallaipachilai 7-9 N2P1 Tonningia axillaris (L.) O.Ktze. --- Golagandi ------7-9 N2P2 Convolvulaceae Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Bojer Chandra Pala Chandra Pala Samudra pala Samudra pala 6-12 N3P1 Evolvulus alsinoides Vishnu kranti Vishnu kranta Vishnu krandi Vistnaclandi 4-9 N3P3 Cressa cretica L. --- Vuppa puvu ------1-12 N3P2 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb ---- Bangaru tiga Mudillathali Mudillathali 7-10 P3 Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Budagumbala Budidagummadi Pushanikai Kumbalangai 6-10 N2P2 Citrullus lanatus Mats. & Nakai. --- Puccha kaya Thannipuosani --- 4-5 N2P2 Cucumis melo L. --- Kharbujadosa Mulampazham --- 7-9 N2P2 Cucumis sativus L. --- Dosakaya Vellarikkai Vellari 7-9 N2P2 Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam. Kumbalakai Gummadi Parangikayi Mathan 4-6 N2P2 Cucurbita pepo L. --- Gummadi Suraikayai Posani 4-6 N2P2 Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. Halagumbala Sorrakai Shorakkai --- 5-7 N2P2 Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Hirekaya Birakaya Pirkankai Pichenga 5-7 N2P2
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J. Roem. Tuppahirukai Nethi Bira Mozhuku pirkankai Kattupeechal 5-7 N2P2 Momordica charantia L. Hagal Kakara Pakal Kaippa 5-10 N1P2 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Karlikai Agakara Tholoopavai --- 5-10 N1P2 Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Seemebadane -- Seemekattirikaai Chow-Chow 7-11 N2P2 Cyperaceae Cyperus spp. Tungegadde Tunga Korai --- 1-11 P1 Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica L. Muchiru Pedda kalinga Uva Syalita 3-4 N3P1 Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Kaltega Chinna kalinga Nai-tekku Kodapunna 1-3 N3P1 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea oppositifolia L. --- Yellagadda Kavalakodi Venilai 6-9 P1 Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Nuraigenasu Pendalamu Kattukkillangu Kattukkillangu 8-12 P1 Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. Ennamara -- Ennei maram Kalpayin 1-2 NP2 Dipterocarpus bourrdilloni Brandis. -- -- Karanjili Charatanjili 1-2 NP2 Hopea spp. Haiga -- Illapongu Irumbagam 2-4 NP1 Vatteria malabaricum Bl. Dhupa Dhupada Dhupa maram Payin 3-4 NP2 Shorea robusta Gaertn. -- Gugilam Saluvaimaram Talari 2-3 NP1 Ebenaceae Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh. Karugana Beedi aku Irumballi --- 2-5 N2P2 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Abanasi Nalla tumki Karai Kari 1-4 N1P3 Diospyros paniculata Dalz. -- --- Karunduvari Kari vella 5-6 N1P3 Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Hulgi --- Kulangi Kolungi 10-2 N2P2 Elaeagnus kologa Sch. Wild olive --- Kulangai Kolungai 12-2 N2P2 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus sphaericus K. Schum. Bikki Bikki Attangottai Katta kara 9-10 N2P2 Muntingia calabura L. Singapore Singapore -- -- 1-12 N2P2 cherry cherry
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. Devadaru Devadaru Devadaru Devataru 2-4 N1P2 Euphorbiaceae Antidesma ghaesemblilla Gaertn Pullampurasi Pullaru Asaripulai Asaripulai 1-10 N3P3 Bischofia javanica Bl. Gobranairul Nalupu mushti Milachatayan Cholavenga 2-3 N3P3 Bridelia retusa (L.) Spr. Asana Kora maddi Mullu-vengai Mulluvenga 6-8 N2P3 Bridelia stipularis bulume Bisalballi Bontha yepi --- Cheruka 4-5 N3P2 Croton bonplandianum Bail Pichi mirapa Eliamanakku 1-12 N3P2 Drypetes elata Pax & Hoffm ------Kona-maram Kona maram 4-5 N3P2 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amalaka Usiri Nelli Nelli 3-5 N3P2 Euphorbia antiquorum L. Mundukalli Pedda jamudu Chadura-kalli Kalli 11-1 N2P2 Excoecaria agallocha L. --- Thilla Thillai Komatti 3-4 N1P2 Glochidion spp. Banda --- Kumbala Nirvetti 2-5 NP2 Hevea brasiliensis Muell.-Arg. Rubber Rubber Rubber Rubber 2-4 N1 Jatropha curcas L. Adaluharlu Nepalamu Kadalamanakku Kattavanakka 6-9 N2P2 Jatropha gossipifolia L. Kariturukaharalu Nela-amida Atalai Sima-yavanakku 1-12 N2P1 Macaranga spp. Uplige Alamanda Vattakanni Vatta 1-3 NP2 Mallotus philipensis MuellArg Kumkumadamara Sinduri Kapli Manjana 8-11 P1 Manihot esculenta Crantz. cassava Karrapendalamu Maravalli Kappa 3-5 N2P2 Melanthesa spp. Bilisuli Devadari Manipullanti Peruniruri 7-8 N2P2 Phyllanthus acidus (L) Skeels Kirunelli Ratsa usiri Ari-nelli Arinelli 4-6 N2P2 Ricinus communis L. Haralu Amudalu Ammanakku Kotta 5-8 P2 Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Meenadabattimaru 5-6 NP2 Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Hooligida Thellapurugudu Veppuliathi --- 7-8 N1P2 Willd.) Baill. Synadenium grantii Hk.f. African milk bush ------1-12 N2P3 Fabaceae Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Mutthuga Modhuga Parasa Palas 5-9 N2 Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Togare Kandulu Thovaray Thuvara 5-9 N1P2
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Cicer arietinum L. Kadale Sanagalu Kadalai Kadalai 2 NP2 Crotalaria juncea L. Sanabu Janumu Janupa Tag 7-9 NP3 Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. Belaga Errapaccari Erigai Mannavitti 3-5 N1P2 Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Bilugadamara Patsaru Panni-vagai Vettatholi 3-4 N1P2 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Bete Irugudu Itti Veetti 1-3 N1P2 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Agaru Erra sissu Sisu itti Iruvil 3-5 N1P2 Erythrina variegata L. Varjipe Baditha Kaliyanamurukku Kalayanamurikku 3-6 N2P2 Flemingia spp. --- Guidda --- Bodopolasi 10-5 N2P2 Indigofera spp. Karunili Karunili Kataveri ---- 6-8 N2P2 Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Avre Anumulu Mochai Mochakotta 9-3 N3P3 Ougeinia oojainensis Hochr. Karimutal Vandanam Naiponai --- Pisum sativum L. Batani Batani Pattani Pattani 3-7 N2P2 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Honge Ganuga Pungam Punga 3-6 N1P1 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. benga Yegisa Vengai Venga 3-5 N2P2 Pterocarpus santalinus L. Raktachandana Yerrachandanam Chenchandanam Raktachandan 3-5 N2P2 Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. Agase Avisi Agathi Akatthi 2-4 NP1 Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Uddu Minumulu Ulundu Uzhunnu 1-3 N2P2 Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Hesaru Pesalu Pasi-Payaru Cherupayaru 1-3 N2P2 Vigna trilobata (L.) Verde. --- Pillipesara Pani-payaru Ceruvidukol 2-3 N1P2 Vigna unguiculata. Tadagunny Bobberulu Karamani Kottapayuru 2-3 N1P2 Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Bilehuli Kanru Kodikarai -- 11-2 N1P2 Flacourtia Montana Grah. Attak 11-2 N1P2 Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Shamper Talisa patramu Vayankatu Vayankatha 11-2 N2P2 Raeusch. charalu Flacourtia rammontchi L Herit. Mulluthotti Kanregu Kattukala -- 1-2 N1P2 Flindersiaceae Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Bittula Billu Porasu -- 3-4 N2P2 Gentianaceae Genetum scandensRoxb. ------Ana-pendu Nowukatte 4-7 N3P2
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Guttiferaceae Mammea longifolia PLanch & Suringi Sura Ponna Sura pinnai -- 3-4 P1 Triana Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica (L.) O.Ktze. Karidumbe Mogabiraku Peyameratti Karithumba 8-10 N2P2 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Vantulsi Seema tulasi 10-3 N2P2 Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) R.Br. -- Ranabheri -- -- 10-12 N2P2 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Thumbe Tella tummi Thumbai Thumba 11-3 N3P3 Mentha spp. 7-10 N3 Ocimum basilicum L Kama kasturi Bhutulasi Thirniprupachai --- 6-9 N3P3 Ocimum Sanctum L Vishnu tulasi Tulasi Thulasi Trittavu 6-9 N3P3 Origanum vulgare L. Maruga Maruvamu 7-9 N2P2 Orthosihon glabratus Benth. Nela tappidi Kattu-thrithava 7-12 N2P2 Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. Patchetene Pedda tulasi Kadirpachai Pachila 11-12 N2P3 Lauraceae Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees Hoggodgimara -- Thali Malavirinji 11-2 N1P1 Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Massi Nara mamidi Yvaranai --- 10-1 N1P1 Nees Cassytha filiformis L. Akasabali Nulu teega Erumaikkottan Akasavalli 7-4 N3P3 Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Lavanga patte Dalchini Ilayangam Lavangam 12-3 N2P2 Cryptocarya wightiana Thw. Gulimavu ---- Palai Katamampari 11-12 N3P2 Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C.B. -- Narra alagi Mushaippeyetti -- 1-10 N1P1 Robin. Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. -- Nara mamidi Maidalagadil -- 12-1 N3P3 Lecythidaceae Careya arborea Roxb. Kaval Kumbi Kolama Peza 2-4 NP2 Couropita guianensis Aubl. Siva lingam Naga lingam 3-5 NP3 Barringtonia racemosa Bl. -- Kademba Samuthra kadappai Samuthracchan Leeaceae Leea indica Andilu Anka dora Nalava Erattayani 3-9 N3P2
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Liliaceae Allium cepa L. Nirulli Nirulli Vengayam Chuvannaulli 5-6 N3P3 Allium sativum L. Bellulli Velluli Vellaipundu Velluli 5-6 N3P3 Aloe vera Burm.f. Loli-sara Chinnakata Banda Chirukattalli Kumari 3-4 N2P2 Asparagus spp. Majjige-gadde Pilligaddalu Shimaishadavari Shatavali 8-11 N2P2 Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. 7-10 N3P2 Gloriosa subperba L. Agnisikhe Kallapagadda Kallaippaikkishangu Medoni 7-10 NP2 Scilla hyacinthina Mc Br. Kabubellulli Adavi tellagadda Kattuvelvengayam Kanthena 6-9 N3P3 Linaceae Erythroxylon monogynum Roxb. Devadarum Devdaru Devdaru Chemmana 1-12 N2P1 Loganiaceae Strychnos nux-vomica L. Hemmush Mushti Itti Kanjirum 2-4 N2P1 Strychnos potatorum L. Chilu Indupa Tetan-kotai Tetran-paral 2-4 N2P1 Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata Ettings. Badanike Badanika Plavithil Ithil 3-5 N2P2 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia indica L. -- Chinagoranta Cinappu --- 7-9 N2P2 Lagerstroemia lanceolata Wall. Billi-nandi Ven teku Venthekku Ven-tekke 3-5 N1P2 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Cheninge Chennangi Peikadukkai Cimanii 4-6 N1P2 Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.. Hole-dasavala Varagogu Kadali Manimaruthu 3-4 N3P2 Lawsonia inermis L. Mayilanchi Goranti Marithondi Malianchi 3-9 NP1 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Tamrapushpi Jeguru ------3-10 N1P2 Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys indica (Willd.) --- Madhu malathi ------8-12 N2P2 Theob. Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Madavi Madavi latha Madhavalata Sitampu 2-4 N2P2 vasantaduti
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Kasturibende Kasturibenda Varttili Kattukasthuri 7-9 N3P3 Moench. Gossypium arboreum L. Hathi Pathi Paruthi Paruthi 7-9 N3P3 Hibiscus cannabinus L. Pundi Gongura Pulichai Kanjaru 7-8 N3P3 Kydia calycina Roxb. Bende Konda potri Vendi Velukku 2-4 NP2 Sida acuta Burm.f. Cheruparuva Nela benda Vattatirippi kurunthotti 9-12 N3P1 Sida cordifolia L. Hettuphi Chiru benda Nilatutti Kurunthott 9-12 N3P1 Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland Huvarasi Gangarevi Puvarasam Porassu 1-12 N1P2 Urena lobata L. Otte Peddabenda Ottatti Uram 7-11 N3P2 Melastomataceae Memecylon umbellatum Burm.f. Archeti Alli Alli, Anjani Kashavu 3-7 N2P2 Meliaceae Aglaia elaeagnoidea Benth. ---- Yerra aduga Chokkala Punyava 1-2 N3P2 Aphanamixis polystachya Parker Mullu munthala Chawa-manu Malampuluvan Chemmarom 4-5 N3P2 Azadirachta indica Juss. Bevu Vepa Vepa Vepa 5-9 N2P3 Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. Sidugoli Chedubira Pulippan -- 1-3 NP2 Melia dubia Cav. Hebbevu Munnatikaraka Mlaivembu Malavemvu 3-8 N3P2 Melia azedarach L. Arebevu Turaka vepa Malaivembu Karinvembu 1-7 N2P2 Swietenia spp. ---- Mahaagonichettu Mahagony Cheriamahogan 4-6 N2P2 y Menispermaceae Coculus hirsutus Theob. Sugadigida Dusara teega Kottukodi -- 8-11 N3P1 Tinospora cordifolia Miers Amrutaballi Tippa teega Chindil Amrita 8-11 N3P1 Mimosaceae Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. -- --- Akasi -- 1-5 N2P2 ex Bth. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Kachu Nala Sandra Karang-alli -- 2-5 N1P2 Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottl.) -- Sandra Karang-alli -- 2-5 N3P3 Willd.
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. Sige Shikaya Shikai Chikaka 2-5 N1P1 Acacia decurrens Willd. Seemai vellam pattai 3-8 N3P2 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Bilijali Tella Tumma Velvayalam Pattacharya maram 8-11 N2P1 Willd. Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Australian Babul 8-11 N2P1 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Jaali Nalla Tumma Karu-velei Kari-velam 1-9 N3P2 Del. Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. -- -- Kareencha 7-12 N2P2 Adenanthera pavonina L. Manjetti Guru ginja Anikudumani Manjadi 2-5 N2P2 Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. Chigara 3-5 N2P2 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Begemara Dirisana Vagei Vaga 3-5 N2P2 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wt. & Odatare Veluturu Vedattalai 6-11 N2P2 Arn. Entada rheedei Spreng. Dodda- kampi Gilla teega Vatta valli Kakka valli 3-5 N3P2 Mimosa hamata Willd. --- Undra -- -- 11-12 N1P2 Mimosa pudica L. Lajja Attipatti Tottalvadi Tintarmani 7-11 N1P1 Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. -- Kodimudusu Kattusikkai -- 8-12 N1P2 Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merri. Sivalinga -- Mavikai -- 10-12 N3P2 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Banni Jammi Perumbay Parampu 9-4 N2P2 Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. Bellari jali Mulla tumma Seemai Parambai 9-3 N1P1 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. -- Nidra ganeru Mazhaimaram Toongu-moonji 3-6 N2P2 Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Tirawa Kodatangeedu Irul Irumulla 3-4 N2P2 Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Halasu Panasa Pilapalam Chakka 3-4 P3 Morus alba L. Hipnerle Reshmi chettu Musukette Mulburry 3-4 P2 Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Nugge Mulaga Murungai Murinna 1-12 N1P2 Musaceae Musa pradisiaca L. Bale Arati Vazhai Vazha 3-12 N3P3
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Myristicaceae Knema attenuata (Wall. ex Hk.f. & Ruktmara -- Chorapathiri Chorapana 12-3 N2P2 Thoms.) Warb. Myristica mangifera Bedd. Ramanadike Jajikai Churapanu Kotthapanu 2-4 N2P2 Myrsinaceae Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco Shuli Dudumara Narikandim --- 1-2,6-7 N1P2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus spp. Nilgiri Nilgiri Karpuramaram Karpuramaram 10-12 N1P1 Psidium guajava L. Jemaphala Jama Koyya Koyya, Pera 5-6 N3P3 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wt. Tavuti --- Thavitu-koyya Koratta 4-8 N2P2 Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Lavanga Lavangum Kirambu Karayampu 3-10 N1P1 Perry Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Nerale Neredu Neredam Naval 4-6 N1P1 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alst. Pannerale Gulab jama Perunaval Jambavam 9-11 N1P1 Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Kamala Kaluva Ambal Thamara 6-8 P1 Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa L. --- Punarnava Mukaratte-kirei -- 1-12 N2P2 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea spp. Nyadale Alli-Tamara Alli-Tamarai Periambal 1-12 NP1 Oleaceae Ligustrum spp. Koli --- Pungan chedi Punnu 1-6 N2P1 Linociera malabarica Wall. Hariyage Punagamu Porumbalu Kaletala 1-2 N2P2 Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall Kunde Satapala 1-5 N2P2 Olea dioica Roxb. Hejjieakerkal --- Koli Edana 12-1 NP1 Olea glandulifera Wall. Kunde --- Kundai Kunthay 5-6; NP1 Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Bula, Gante Bullakaya Mogalingum --- 2-5 N2P2 Papavaraceae Argemone mexicana L. Datturi Brhmadandi Kudiyoetti Pollunnattam 5-7 P3 Papaver spp. Biligasgase Gas gasalu Gashagasha Kashakhasa 3-5 N3P1
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Pedaliaceae Sesamum indicum L. Ellu Nuvvul Ellu Karuthellu 7-9 N3P3 Piperaceae Piper cubeba L. f. Balamenasu Chalava-mirialu Valmilaku Valmilaku 1-10 NP2 Piper longum C.DC. Hippali, Pippali Pippuloo Tippili Tippali 1-10 NP2 Piper nigrum L. Karemenasu Mirialu Milagu Kurumulaku 1-10 NP2 Plantaginaceae Plantago OvaIta Forsk Isafgolu Isapgola Iskoluairai Karkatasiingi 3-9 N2P1 Poaceae Bambusa spp. Biduru Veduru Mungil Mungil 7-8 NP1 Cynodon dactylon Pers. Kudigarikai Garika Arungam Arungam 5-9 P3 Dendrocalamus spp. Kari-biduru Sanna-veduru Kal-moongil Kal-moongil 10-11 P1 Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Ragi Ragulu Ragi Ragi 10-11 N2P1 Oryza sativa L. Batta Vari Nellu Nellu 9-11 NP3 Panicum miliaceum L. Baragu Varagalu Panivaragu Kadukanni 7-11 P1 Panicum sumatrense Roth. Shame Smalu Samai Shama 7-11 P1 Pennisetum typhoidesStapf. Sajjai Sjjalu Kambu Kambu 10-11 N3P1 Sorghum vulgare Pers. Jola Jonnalu Cholam Cholam 1-12 N2P1 Zea mays L. Makkai jola Mokka jonna Makka cholam Makka cholam 7-8 P2 Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb. Maralumathangi --- Muttainarathai Madakka 4-8 N3P2 Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Arn. --- Thiga rosa --- -- 1-12 N1P1 Polygonum barbetum L. Konde malle Niru ganeru Atlari Velutta 6-9 N2P2 Polygonum glabrum Willd. Niru kanigalu -- Actalaree Chuvanna 6-9 N2P2 Portulacaceae Portulaca grandiflora (Hk.) Gees. Office time --- Pattumani -- 6-12 N2P1 Portulaca oleracea L. Dooddagooni Peddapayailikura Karikeerai Kariecheera 6-9 N2P1 Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. Silver Oak 3-6 N1P1 exR.Br.
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Punicaceae Punica granatum L. Dalimba Dhanimma Madulai Matalam 4-5 N2P1 Rhamnaceae Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz Kurudi Nalla korintha Tuvadi -- 10-4 N1P Ventilago spp. Pupli Suralatige Surali Paplii 11-3 N2P3 Zizyphhus maurtiana Lamk. Yalachi Reegu Elandai Elentha 7-11 N2P2 Ziziphhus nummularia (Burm.f.) --- Neelareegu Korgodi -- 4-6 N1P3 Wt. & Arn. Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Mill. Barige Paragi Ambulam Kottavalli 1-5 N3P2 Ziziphhus rugosa Lamk. --- Pinduparighamu Kattilandai Malantutali 1-5 N3P1 Ziziphhus xylopyra (Retz.) Willd. Challe Gotte Kottei -- 3-12 N3P2 Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savig. -- Thuddaponna Sigapukokandam --- 6-10 N2P2 Ceriops roxburghiana arn. Gatharu Chiru-kandal -- 4-5 N2P2 Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Robins. Gedera Pandikutti 4-5 N2P2 Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Kandale Kandigala Thuvar kandan Cerukanadal 5-9 N2P2 Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. Kandaale Upoo-ponna Kandal Paniccha-kandal 4-9; 11-2 N1P2 Rubiaceae Anthocephalus cadamba Kadawala Kadambamu Vella-cadamba Attutek 5-7 P3 Adina cordifolia Arsintega Bandaru Manja-kadamba Manja-kadamba 5-8 N1P2 Canthium spp. Hatteranike Balusu Imburuttan Nannul 5-10 N1P2 Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Mengare Manga Marukkallnkay Kare 5-11 N1P1 Tirveng. Coffea arabica L. Cofee Kopee Cofee Cofee 3 N1P2 Coffea robusta Lind. Cofee Kopee Cofee Cofee 3 N1P2 Gardenia latifolia Soland. Kalkambi Advai bikki Kumbay --- 3-11 N3P2 Gardenia resinifera Roth -- Erra bikki Tikkamalli -- 3-11 N3P2 Hymenodictyon spp. Bandarayanni Dudippa Vellei kadambu Itthilei 6-7 N2P3 Mitragyna parviflora Korth. Kongu Nirkadambe China kadambu Vimbu 3-5 N3P2 Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham. Billoothi --- Vellimadandai Paraphole 10-11 N2P2
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek. Pavati Duipapata Pavattai Pavatta 2-5 N3P2 Wendlandia exserta DC. Thilai Thovarai Thovara 2-4 N1P1 Rutaceae Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bilapatra Maredu Vilvam Vilvam 3-6 N2P1 Atalantia malabarica (Rafin.) Kadunimbe Adavi-nimma Kattlumicchai Kattunarenga 11-1 N2P2 Tanaka Atalantia racemosa Wt. -- Adavi nimma Kattu naragam Malanaragam 11-1 N2P2 Citrus aurantifolia (Christm. & Limbe Nimma Elumichai Erumichinarakam 3-4 N1P1 Panz.) Swing. Citrus limetta Risso Gajanimbe Gajanimma Kolumichangai -- 3-4 N1P1 Citrus maxima (Burm.f.) Merr. Chakotre Pamparapanasa Pambalimau Pamparamasam 3-4 N1P1 Citrus medica L. Madala Lungamu Kadaranarathai Gilam 3-4 N1P1 Citrus reticulata Blanco -- Kamala -- -- 3-4 N1P1 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. Kittile Bathai Sathagudi --- 3-4 N1P1 Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) DC. Gurodagidda Golugu anam Panal 3-10 N2P1 Limonia acidissima L. Bela Velaga Vilanga Vila 2-3 N2P2 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. Karibevu Karepaku Karivempu Kariveppilei 3-9 N3P2 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Angarakana Nagagolunga Konji 3-9 N3P2 Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lamk. Kaadumenagu Kondakashinda Milagarnai Kaka-toddali 2-4 N2P2 Santalaceae Osyris spp. Kuriganda ------10-12 N2P3 Santalum album L. Srigandha Chandanamu Sandanam Chandanam 5-8 N1P2 Sapindaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Erumballi Budda kakara Mudukottan Ulina 7-10 N2P2 Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Bandara Bandare Vellari Unnataruvi 7-10 N2P2 Euphoria longana Lam. Kanakindli --- Puvatti Pasakotta 1-2,6 N1P2 Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Antawala Kunkudu Puvamkottai Urvanjikaya 10-12 N1P2 Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Sagade kendala Pulusu Puvathipuvam Puvam 2-3 N2P2
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mac Br. Guddehargi Ippa -- Kirithi 2-5 N1P2 Manilkara spp. Bakula Manji Pala Palla Pala 11-2 NP2 Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Raf. Hudigullu -- Palai -- 2-5 N2P2 Scrophulariaceae Bacopa monnieri (L.) Penn. Nirubrahmi --- Nirbramhi Nirbramhi 1-12 N2P2 Striga spp. Pogaakumalle Pallipoondu Theepalli 6-12 N3P2 Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Doddamara Pedda manu Perumaram Mattipongilyam 2-4 N2P2 Solanaceae Capsicum annuum L. Mensina Mirapa Milagay Mulaku 7-10 N2P Datura stramonium L. Ummatta Umetha Ummatta Ummatta 6-9 P3 Solanum melongana L. Badanekayi Vanga Kathirikai Vazhuthana 6-8 N3P3 Solanum nigrum L. -- Erri vanga Munatakali -- 10-4 N3P3 Solanum torvum Sw. Kavusunde Chundakai Sundaikai Kaatuchunta 8-12 N3P3 Sonneratiaceae Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. --- Kyalanki Marama --- 4-6 N1P2 Sterculiaceae Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br. Bilisulige Karaka Malambarutti Malamparatthi 3-4 N2P2 Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudrakshi Rudraksha Uthraksham Thenmaram 7-10 N2P3 Helicteres isora L. Karurimara Nuli tada Valamburi Kalnaru 7-12 N1P3 Kleinhovia hospita L. -- -- Punai tekku -- 5-9 N2P2 Pterospermum acerifolium Willd -- -- Chinna polavu Malavuram 4; 11 N1P3 Pterospermum xylocarpum Naradu Loluga Polavu Vinanku 9-12 N1P3 (Gaertn.) Sant. &Wagh Sterculia foetidia L. Penari --- Peenari Thondi 2-3 N3P3 Sterculia urens Roxb. Kempubale Tabsu Kavalam Anainar 3-4 N1P3 Theaceae Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze. Thesoppu Theyaku Theyilai Chaya 12-3 N2P1 Eurya japonica Thunb. Huluni ------4-9 N1P1
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Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7 Tiliaceae Corchorus spp. Kalasa Janamu Sanal 8-3 N3P2 Grewia hirsuta Vahl Udipe Chitti jana Kalummu -- 12-2 N2P2 Grewia glabra Bl. Javanigalle Thegalle Udapai -- 12-2 N2P2 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Tadasalu Pedda jana Thadasal Chadachi 12-2 N2P2 Triumfetta spp. Kadubende Chiru sitrika Adayatti Ottupullu 8-9;1-2 N1P2 Typhaceae Typha angustifolia L. Aanechondu Jamuugaddi Sambu -- 5-7 P1 Typha elephantina Roxb. Appu Enugajammu Anaikkorai --- 5-7 P1 Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Thavasai Thapasi Aya Aval 1-6 NP2 Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. Gorkul Chakkamanu Chenkolam Ama 2-5 N3P3 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Kundali Etti pisinika Anjali Nirnochi 5-12 N2P3 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Shivani Gummadi Kumadi Kumbil 11-12 N2P1 Lantana camara L. (L.) Mold. Nata hugida Puli kampa Unnichedi Arippu 1-12 N3P3 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene -- Bokkena Poduthali -- 1-12 N1P3 Premna tomentosa Willd. Naruvalu Nagaru Kolakottathekku Katutekka 3-6 N1P2 Premna latifolia roxb. Kondamanga Pachumallai -- 3-6 N1P2 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Vahl Kadu uttarani Simainaivirunji Katapunuthu 6-12 N2P3 Vitex negundo L. Lakkigida Vavili Vellai-nocohi Vellancocchi 5-6 N2P2 Vitaceae Ampelocissus spp. Pankande Advai draksha Sambaravalli Chemparavalli 6-10 N2P2 Cayratia carnosaWall. Heggoli Kurudinne Tumans Sorivalli 5-10 N2P2 Vitis vinifera L. Angura Draksha Kodimundiri Mundiri 5-6 N3P3 Zingiberaceae Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Yelakki Yalukalu Yelakkai Yelam 5-11 N1P2 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Sanna neggilu Palleru Nerunji Nerinjimullu 1-12 N2P2
20 ©Copyright of CBRTI, KVIC Bee Forage Plants West Zone
Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC
Bee forage plants of Western Zone (Maharashtra & Gujarat)
Family / Marathi Guajarati Habit Flowering Bee Forage Botanical Name Name Name Period1 Value2 Acanthaceae Acanthus ilicifolius L. Marandi Mendli Shrub 12-6 N3P2 Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. Adulsa Adusi Shrub 8-10 N3P2 Andrographis paniculata Olikiryata Kariyatu Herb 11-4 N2P2 (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees Barleria cristata L. Koranti Koranti Shrub 12-1 N2P1 Barleria prionitis L. Pivli koranti Kanta Shrub 10-3 N2P1 seriyu Blepharis persica Kuntz Karadu Otigana Herb 10-3 N2P1 Carvia callosa (Wall.) Karvi Karvi Shrub 9-12 N1P1 Bremek. Hygrophila aristata Nees. Deobhata Vanti Tall herb 7-2 N1P1 Hygrophila serpyllum Ran-tewan Sarpat Herb 9-3 N1P1 (Nees) T.Anders Justicia betonica L. Bagas Kalaadulsa Herb 10-4 N2P2 Lepidagathis cuspidata Akhra --- Shrub 3-5 N1P1 Nees Ruellia tuberosa L. Mundari Kaligavani Herb 9-5 N2P2 Rungia repens (L.) Nees Ghatipitpap Katsalio Herb 11-3 N3P3 ada Strobilanthes reticulata. Bhukarvi Bhukarvi Shrub 8-10 N1P1 Thunbergia grandiflora --- Mulluto Climber 9-10 N3P2 (Roxb.ex Rottl.) Roxb. Aizoaceae Trianthema portulacastrum Pundharighe --- Herb 6-9 N2P2 L. ntuli Alangiaceae Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Ankol, Ankol, Small 2-4 N2P2 Wang. tree
1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January, 2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December.
2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen; 1 = major and important source; 2 = source of normal importance; 3 = source of minor importance.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. Aghada Aghedo Herb 9-10 N2P2 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Kapur- Gorakha Herb 12-2 N2P1 Schult. madhura ganjo Alternanthera sessilis (L.) Kanchari Jaljambi Herb 9-12 N2P1 R.Br. ex DC. Amaranthus cruentus L. Rajagira Dambho Herb 7-8 N2P2 Amaranthus spinosus L. Kathe math Kantanudant Herb 7-2 N2P1 Celosia argentea L. Kurdu Lambadi Herb 8-2 N2P2 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Jhojhru Gadarjhipato Shrub 9-2 N2P1 Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum L. Nagdavna Nag damani t herb 5-10 N3P2 Scilla sp. Khus Khus Herb 7-8 N3P3 Anacardiaceae Buchanania cochin-chinensis Charoli Charoli Tree 1-5 N2P3 (Lour.) Almeida Holigarna spp. Holgeri Bibu Tree 1-3 N2P3 Lannea coromandelica Moi Mavedi Tree 1-6 N2P2 (Houtt.) Merr. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Bibha Bhilamo Tree 1-6 N2P3 Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Ranamba Ambadi Tree 1-9 N2P2 Apiaceae Anethum graveolens L. Dill Surva Herb 6-8 N2P3 Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Brahmi Brahmi Herb 5-11 N1P3 Coriandrum sativum L. Kothimbir Konphir Herb 7-9 N1P1 Cuminum cyminum L. Jire Jira Herb 2-3 N2P3 Daucus carota L. Gazara Gajar Herb 2-5 N2P3 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Badishep Variyari Herb 10-12 N3P3 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Owa Ajamo, Herb 1-11 N1P2 Spragne Yavan Apocynaceae Carissa congesta Wt. Karavanda Karand Shrub 4-5 N2P2 Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Bhadravolli Ramsar Climbing 12-4 N2P2 O.Ktze. shrub Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Kala kuda Dudhi Tree 3-5 N1P3 Arecaceae Areca catechu L. Supari Sopari Tree 1-12 N2P2 Borassus flabellifer L. Tad Tad Tree 1-12 N1P1 Caryota urens L. Berli Shivjata Tree 1-12 N1P3 Cocos nucifera L. Naral Naliyeri Tree 1-12 N1P1 Phoenix humilis Becc.& Dwarf date Bhoin- Tree 2-3 N1P3 Hk.f. palm khaguri Phoenix sylvestris Roxb Shindi. Date-Palm Tree 12-2 N2P3 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias curassavica L. Kurki --- Shrub 1-12 N2P2 Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait Rui Moto akdo Shrub 10-7 N2P1 Sarcostemma viminale (L.) Ran-sher Somvel Shrub 6-10 N2P2 R.Br.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides L. Ghanera Henbu Herb 7-2 N3P3 Artemisia maritima L. Kirmaniova Surpan Herb 8-10 N3P3 Aster spp. Star-wort -- Herb 7-11 N3P3 Bidens biternata (Lour.) Spanish Samra kokdi Herb 8-9 N3P2 Merr. & Sherff. needle Carthamus tinctorius L. Kardai Kusumbo Herb 11-2 N2P2 Cosmos spp. Cosmos -- Herb 9-11 N3P2 Cyathocline purpurea Bongagra, Motu Herb 9-3 N2P2 O.Ktze. chota gunja okharad Dahlia spp. Dahlia Dahlia Herb 9-12 N2P1 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Utanti Utkanto Herb 9-1 N3P3 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Maka Bhangra Herb 7-2 N2P2 Eupatorium odoratum L. Through-wort Herb 11-5 N2P3 Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Karale Ramtal Herb 9-12 N1P1 Cass. Helianthus annuus L. Suryaful Surajmukhi Herb 9-12 N1P1 Lagascea mollis Cav. Tharvad -- Herb 7-12 N2P1 Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) Mikania Mikania Climber 3-4 N2P3 B.L.Robin. Parthenium hysterophorusL . Congresgrass Gajargavat Herb 9-1 NP3 Solidago canadensis L. Golden rod Golden rod Herb 9-11 N2P3 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Mundi Gorakmund Herb 11-5 N2P1 i Tagetus erecta L. Zendu Guljharo Herb 9-10 N3P3 Tagetus patula L. Guljaphri Guljaphni Herb 9-12 N3P3 Taraxacum officinale Underkani Pathardi Herb 3-11 N2P2 Weber Tridax procumbens L. Dagdi pala --- Herb 1-12 N2P2 Vernonia cinerea Less.. Purple Sahadevi Tree 3-5 N1P2 Fleabane Xanthium indicum Koen. Shankeshvara Gadar Herb 1-5 N3P1 Zinnia spp. Zinnia Zinnia Herb 6-10 N1P1 Averrhoaceae Averrhoa carambola L. Carambola Carambola Tree 3-8 N1P2 Avicenniaceae Avicennia officinalis L. Tivar Tavra Tree 4-8 N1P2 Balsaminaceae Impatiens balsamina l. Terada Gulmendi Herb 6-9 N1P2 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Samudraphala Tree 1-12 N2P2 Spr. Bignoniaceae Dolichandrone spp. Nuruddi, Padari Tree 3-6 N3P2 Heterophragma Varas Varas Tree 1-6 NP2 quadriloculare K.Schum. Jacranda acutifolia Neelmohor --- Tree 4-12 N2P2 Humb.& Bonpl.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Gaganjai Akash nim Tree 9-12 P2 Oroxylum indicum (L). Tetu Tetu Small tree 4-6 N3P2 Vent. Pyrostegia venusta (Ker- Golden -- Climber 3-5 NP3 Gawl) Presl. shower Spathodea campanulata Scarlet bell --- Tree 7-3 NP2 Beauv. Stereospermum spp. Gajpipal Patla Tree 4-6 N3P2 Tabebuia spp. Basant rani Small tree 3-6 NP2 Tecoma spp. -- Vasant Shrub, 3-9 NP2 climber Bixaceae Bixa orellana L. Shendri --- Small tree 7-11 NP1 Bombacaceae Adansonia digitata L. Gorak-chinch Rukhdo Tree 5-10 N1P1 Bombax ceiba L. Kate-sawar Semdo Tree 2-7 N1P1 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Salmali Safed Tree 1-7 N1P1 Gaertn. Shimdo Boraginaceae Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Shelvant Bhokar Tree 2-7 N2P2 Cynoglossum spp. Hounds --- Herb 5-9 N3P3 tongue Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Ivory wood Buttha Tree 2-4 N1P2 Heliotropium indicum L. Bhurundi Hathi Herb 1-12 N2P2 sundhu Paracaryopsis malabarica Kalanisurdi -- Herb 9-11 N2P2 (C.B.Cl.) R.Mill. Trichodesma indicum Rbr. Chhota Undhaphuli Herb 1-12 N3P2 phulva Brassicaceae Brassica juncea (L) Czern. Mohori Rai Herb 3-5 N2P2 & Coss. Raphanus sativus L. Mula Muri Herb 11-2 N1P1 Burseraceae Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Salai Sledi Tree 2-6 N3P2 Colebr. Canarium strictum Roxb. Dhup Kaladammar Tree 2-5 N3P2 Garuga pinnata Roxb. Kakad Kakad Tree 2-8 N3P2 Cactaceae Opuntia elatior Mill. Chapal Chorhathalo Shrub 1-7 N2P2 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchan Dev Tree 10-1 N2P3 Kachnar Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Apata Asintro Tree 4-10 N2P3 Bauhinia vahli Wt. & Arn. Chambul --- Tree 4-7 N2P3 Bauhinia variegata L. Kachnar Kachnar Tree 1-12 N2P3 Cassia auriculata L Tarwad Awal 1-7 N2P2 Cassia occidentalis L. Takala Kasundro Herb 8-12 N2P3
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Cassia tora L. Takala Puvadio Herb 8-2 N3P3 Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Sagargota Sagargota Scramber 8-2 N3P2 Roxb. Caesalpinia crista L. Fever nut Chilari Scrambler 10-2 N3P2 Chillar Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sankasura Sandhesaro Small tree 1-12 N3P3 (L.) Sw. Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Sankasura Sandhesaro Small tree 7-12 N3P3 Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hk.) Gulmohr Dwarka Tree 4-9 N3P2 Raf. Hadwickia binata Roxb. Yepi Ditto Tree 8-1 N2P3 Parkinsonia aculeata L. Adanti Rambaval Small 4-11 N3P2 tree Peltophorum pterocarpum Son-Mohar Son-Mohar Tree 1-6 N2P1 (DC.) Baker ex Heyne Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Ashoka Ashok Tree 1-6 NP3 Wilde Tamarindus indica L. Chinch Amli Tree 2-6 N1P3 Cannaceae Canna indica L. Dev-kel Dev-kel Herb 1-12 N3P3 Capparaceae Capparis grandis L.f. Pachara Thikri Tree, 4-1 N3P3 climber Capparis zeylanica L. Kanthar Kagdakeri Tree, 2-3 N3P3 climber Cleome gynandra L. Pandri- --- Herb 7-4 N1P2 Tilwan Cleome monophylla L. Velakkeerai -- Herb 8-2 N1P2 Cleome viscosa L. Pivali-Tilwan Herb 1-12 N1P2 Crataeva mogna (Lour.) Varun Varno Tree 3-5 N2P2 DC Celastraceae Lophopetalum wightianum Balpale --- Tree 12-5 N2P2 Arn. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. Chakwat -- Herb 11-2 N3P3 Spinacia oleracea L Palak --- Herb 11-4 N3P3 Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum L. Surangi -- Tree 12-1 NP2 Garcinia indica (Du Petit- Amsol Kokan Tree 11-2 NP1 Thou.) Choisy Mammea suriga (Buch.- Surangi, Rati Tree 2-3 P1 Ham. ex Roxb.) Kosterm. nagkesar, nagkesar Mesua ferrea L. Iron wood, Nagchampa Tree 3-5 P1 Cochlorspermaceae Cochlospermum religiosum Ganeri Ganari Small 2-4 N3P2 (L.) Alst. tree
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Combretaceae Anogeussus latifolia Wall. Ukshi Dhamodo Tree 2-7 N3P3 climber Calycopteris floribunda Ukshi Uksi Tree 2-7 N3P3 (Roxb.) Poir. climber Combretum albidum G. Madbel Madbel Tree 1-5 N3P3 Don climber Quisqualis indica L. Barmasi/Lal Barmasivel Climber 1-12 P2 chameli Terminalia bellirica Beheda Bahedo Tree 4-11 N2P3 (Gaertn.) Roxb. Terminalia cattappa L. Deshi badam Deshi badam Tree 2-8 N1P3 Terminalia chebula Retz. Ink nut, hirda Hardi Tree 2-5 N1P2 Terminalia cuneata Roth Herda Arjunsadado Tree 2-11 N1P3 Terminalia elliptica Willd. Leathery --- Tree 4-6 N1P2 Murdah Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis Kena. ---- Herb 6-12 N2P2 L. Cyanotis cristata D.Don Idra --- Herb 6-11 N2P1 Cyanotis tuberosa J.A. & Herb 6-10 N2P2 J.H. Schult. Murdannia spp. Asian --- Herb 6-12 N2P1 dayflower Convolvulaceae Argyreia nervosa Samudr asoka Samudr sas Herb 6-12 N3P1 (Burm.f.) Bojer Convolvulus arvensis L. Chandvel Nari, Veladi Herb 12-7 N3P3 Cressa cretica L. Khardi Palio Herb 1-12 N3P2 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Nirmuli Amarvel Parasitic 10-12 P3 climber Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ratali Creeper 8-11 N2P3 Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Garvel Kokharvel Creeper 10-4 N3P3 Jaquemontia pentantha Jaquemontia -- Creeper 1-12 N1P1 (Jacq.) G. Don Merremia gangetica (L.) Undirkani -- Creeper 8-2 N2P2 Cufod. Porana volubilis Burm.f. Porana -- Creeper 3-5 N1P2 Costaceae Costus speciosus Sm. Penva -- Herb 6-12 N2P2 Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida Kohala Bhuru kohlu Climber 7-10 N2P2 (Thunb.) Cogn. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Kalingad ---- Climber 11-5 N2P2 Mats. & Nakai. Cucumis melo L. Kharbuja Kharbuja Climber 7-11 N2P2 Cucumis sativus L. Kakadi Kakadi Climber 7-9 N2P2 Cucurbita maxima Duch. Tambada Padgaru Climber 4-6 N2P2 ex Lam. bhopla
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Cucurbita pepo L. Kashi Padgaru Climber 4-6 N2P2 bhopla Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Dhudhi Dhudi , Climber 8-2 N2P2 Standl. bhopla tumada Luffa acutangula (L.) Shirola Ghisoda Climber 5-7 N2P2 Roxb. Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J. Ghosali Turia Climber 8-12 N2P2 Roem. Momordica charantia L. Karle Karela Climber 5-8 N1P2 Trychosanthes bracteatea Kauaundala Rata Climber 6-10 N1P2 Voigt. Cyperaceae Cyperus spp. Motha Motha Herb 1-11 P1 Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica L. Karambel Mota karamli Tree 6-9 N3P1 Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Karamal Karmal Tree 3-6 N3P1 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Paspoli Chairo Climber 7-12 P1 Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Ulasi Kuval Climber 7-11 P1 Dipsacaceae Dipsacus inermis Wall. Teasel Kand Herb 7-10 N3P3 Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus spp. Black dammar Tree 12-2 NP2 Shorea robusta Gaertn. Rala, guggal Ral Tree 1-5 NP1 Vateria indica L. Dhup dammer Tree 4-5 NP1 Ebenaceae Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) -- -- Small tree 2-5 N2P2 Bakh. Diospyros melanoxylon Beedi Tamrug Tree 2-4 N1P3 Roxb. leaf;Tendu Diospyros ovalifolia Wt. Dheki Tree 5-6 N1P3 Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Ambgull -- Shrub 11-5 N2P2 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus sphaericus Rudraksha --- Tree 9-10 N2P2 (Gaertn.) K. Schum. Muntingia calabura L. Singapur cherry Small tree 1-12 N2P2 Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum monogynum Bastard Red cedar Shrub 1-12 N1P2 Roxb. sandal, Euphorbiaceae Antidesma acidum Retz. Ghondurili -- Tree 6-8 N3P3 Bischofia javanica Bl. Boke -- Tree 2-3 N3P3 Bridelia retusa (L.) Spr. Asana Asno Tree 6-12 N2P3 Bridelia squamosa (Lamk.) Asana Asan Tree 4-12 N3P2 Gehrm. Croton bonplandianus Baill. Mirchayia -- Herb 1-12 N3P2
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1 2 3 4 5 Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Putranjiva Putrangiv Tree 4-10 N3P2 Hurus. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Avala Amla Tree 2-10 N3P2 Euphorbia nivulia Buch. Narasya Thor Shrub 2-4 N2P1 Euphorbia pulcherrima Lal patti --- Shrub 9-1 N3P2 Willd. ex Klot. Excoecaria agallocha L. Geva --- Small tree 3-4 N1P2 Glochidion spp. Bhoma, --- Small tree 2-5 NP2 Hevea brasiliensis (HBK) Para --- Tree 2-4 N1 Muell.-Arg. rubber tree Jatropha curcas L. Erand Ratanjot Shrub 3-8 N2P2
Jatropha gossipifolia L. Mogali Lal erandi Shrub 2-7 N2P1 erand Macaranga spp. Chandawar --- Tree 1-3 NP2 Mallotus spp. Kamala Kamilo Tree 8-11 P1 dye tree Phyllanthus acidus (L) Star Kati amli Tree 2-3 N2P2 Skeels gooseberr y Ricinus communis L. Erandi Divelo Large 5-8 P2 Arando shrub Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Kodarsi Shinvi Small tree 7-8 N1P2 Willd.) Baill. Fabaceae Butea monosperma (Lam.) Palas, Khakharo Tree 1-7 N2 Taub. dhak Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Tur Tuver Shrub 9-3 N1P2 Cicer arietinum L. Harbara Chana Herb 10-4 NP2 Crotalaria juncea L. Tagada Shan Herb 11-1 NP3 Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. Dandus Pitrali Tree 3-7 N1P2 Dalbergia paniculata (Roxb.) Phansi Padri Tree 2-5 N1P2 Thoth. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Sisav Sisam Tree 8-12 N1P2 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sisvi Sissoo Tree 2-10 N1P2 Dalbergia spinosa Roxb. Tree 3-10 NP Desmodium trifolium (L.) Kala palas Fulpudio 6-2 N1P2 DC. Erythrina variegata L. Pangara Bangaro Tree 1-7 N2P2 Flemingia spp. Dowdowla -- Shrub 10-5 N2P2 Glycine max (L.)Merr. Soyabean Soyabean Herb 10-5 N3P3 Lablab purpureus (L.) Valpapdi, Val Climber 9-3 N3P3 Sweet Pavta Medicago sativa L. Lasun ghas Vilayti ghas Herb 5 N1P2 Melilotus alba Desr. White sweet Safed senji Herb 2-3 N1P2 clover Melilotus indica (L.) All. Ran methi Van-methica Herb 12-2 N1P2 Ougeinia oojainensis Kala palas Tivas Tree 3-6 3-5 (Roxb.) Hochr. Tiwas
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1 2 3 4 5 Pisum sativum L. Watana Watani Herb 8-9 N2P2 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Karanj Karanja Tree 2-5 N1P1 Pierre Pterocarpus marsupium Bibla Biyo Tree 12-3 N2P2 Roxb. Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Shevri Aganthio Small tree 11-2 NP1 Poir. Smithia conferta Sm. Berki Nachiba Herb 3-9 N2P1 Vigna aconitifolia Mare.i Matki Mut 9-10 Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Udid Adad Herb 8-11 N2P2 Vigna radiata (L.) R. Mug Mag Herb 8-11 N2P2 Wilczek Vigna biflorus L. Kulith Kalathi Herb 2-3 N1P2 Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Anthrun Galgugal Tree 1-7 N1P2 Merr. Flacourtia jangomas Tambat Yenkdi Tree 6-12 N2P2 (Lour.) Raeusch. Flindersiaceae Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Halda Hardi Tree 1-4 N2P2 Gentianaceae Gentiana spp. Neelkanthi Pakanbhed Herb 4-7 N3P2 Swertia spp. pahari Chirayita Herb 8-10 N3P3 Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica (L.) Gopali Godhari Herb, 10-2 N2P2 O.Ktze. shrub Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Wilayati tulsi Herb, 10-3 N2P2 Poit. shrub Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) Dipmal Matijer Herb 10-12 N2P2 R.Br. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Tamba Nadino Herb 9-3 N3P3 Link Leucas ciliata Bth. Burumbi Dungaraukub Herb 8-5 N3P3 o Mentha spp. Mint Pudina Herb 7-10 N3 Ocimum spp. Basils, tulsi, Tulsi, Herbs 6-9 N3P3 Origanum vulgare L. Marjoram Herb 7-9 N2P2 Plectranthus spp. Plectranthus La-agada Herb, 8-12 N1P2 shrub Pogostemon benghalensis Pangla Govadiyu Under- 11-12 N2P3 (Burm.f.) O. Ktze. shrub Salvia spp. Sage Dharit Herb 7-10 N2P2 Thymus spp. Thymes Shrubs 5-10 N2P3 Lauraceae Actinodaphne angustifolia Pisa --- Tree 10-5 N1P1 Nees Alseodaphne Phudugus --- Tree 1-2 N1P1 semecarpifolia Nees
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1 2 3 4 5 Cassytha filiformis L. Amarvel -- Climber 7-4 N3P3 Cinnamomum versum Dalchini Dalchini Tree 2-6 N2P2 J.S.Presl. Litsea glutinosa (Lour) Maida Maeda lakari Tree 1-10 N1P1 C.B. Robin. lakadi Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Ranamba --- Tree 12-1 N3P3 Pers. Persea spp. Avocado Avocado Tree 12-1 N2P2 Lecythidaceae Careya arborea Roxb. Kumba, Kumbhi Tree 3-4 NP2 Couropita guianensis Cannon ball tree, Tree 9-11 NP3 Aubl. Leeaceae Leea spp. Hansia- Dino Shrub 3-9 N3P2 dhapan Liliaceae Allium cepa L. Kanda Dungari Herb 1-4 N3P3 Allium sativum L. Lasun Lasan Herb 2-3 N3P3 Aloe vera Burm.f. Korphad Kumvar Shrub 12-5 N2P2 Asparagus spp. Shatavari Shatavari Climber 8-11 N2P2 Chlorophytum spp. Musli Musli Herb 5-10 N3P2 Gloriosa subperba L. Kallavi Vadhavadiyo Twiner 7-11 NP2 Linaceae Linum spp. Javas Alsi Herb 1-12 N2P1 Lobeliaceae Lobelia spp. Dhaval Nali Herb 8-2 NP2 Loganiaceae Strychnos nux-vomica L. Kajra Kuchla Tree 2-11 N2P1 Strychnos potatorum L. Nirmali Katas Small tree 6-1 N2P1 Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata Bandgul Vando Partial 9-5 N2P2 (L.f.) Ettings. stem Viscum spp. Mistletoes Vando parasite 7-11 N2P2 Lythraceae Cuphea micropetala Cuphea, Waxweed Shrub 2-11 N2P3 H.B.& K. Lagerstroemia indica L. Velayati Chinaimendi Small 5-8 N2P2 Mendi Tree Lagerstroemia microcarpa Nana Nana bondra Tree 3-6 N1P2 Wt. Lagerstroemia parviflora Bondara Bondaro Tree 6-10 N1P2 Roxb. Lagerstroemia reginae Mota bondara Tree 8-10 N3P2 Roxb. Lawsonia inermis L. Mendhi Mendi Shrub 3-9 NP1 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Dhaiphal Dhaori Shrub 5-6 N1P2 Kurz
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys indica Bandi kota -- Large 11-12 N2P2 (Willd.) Theob. teega climber Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Madhavi Madhavi Liana 1-4 N2P2 Kurz Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus Bhendi Bhindo Herb 1-12 N3P3 (L.) Moench. Abutilon spp. Thutti, etc. Dabli Shrub 1-12 N2P2 Altheaearosea L. Hollyhock --- Herb 1-3 N2P2 Gossypium arboreum L. Kapas Kapas Shrub 9-12 N3P3 Hibiscus cannabinus L. Ambadi Ambari Herb 1 N3P3 Kydia calycina Roxb. Warang Varang Small tree 2-4 NP2 Malva sylvestris L. Mallow --- Herb 12-3 N2P3 Sida acuta Burm.f. Tupkadi Bala Herb, 9-12 N3P1 Sida cordifolia L. Bala Atibala Herb, 4-11 N3P1 Thespesia spp. Indian tulip Paras pipdo Tree 1-12 N1P2 Urena lobata L. Vanbhendi Vagdau Under 4-12 N3P2 bhindi shrub Melastomataceae Melastoma malabathricum Palore -- Small tree, 10-3 N3P L. Memecylon umbellatum Anjani -- Shrub, 6-4 N2P2 Burm.f. Meliaceae Aphanamixis polystachya Rohada -- Tree 7-9 N3P2 (Wall.) Parker Azadirachta indica Juss. Limba Limdo Tree 3-6 N2P3 Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Gudmei -- Small tree 9-2 NP2 Miq. Melia dubia Cav. Kuriaput Kadu khajar Tree 4-7 N3P2 Melia azedarach L. Pejri Bakam Tree 1-7 N2P2 Swietenia spp. Mahogani --- Tree 4-2 N2P2 Menispermaceae Coculus hirsutus Theob. Vasanvel Vasanvel Large 1-3 N3P1 climber Tinospora cordifolia Gulvel Shall, Large 1-8 N3P1 (Willd.) Miers Galo climber Mimosaceae Acacia auriculiformis A. Australian Tree 8-6 N2P2 Cunn. ex Bth. acacia Acacia catechu (L.f.) Khair Khair Tree 1-2 N1P2 Willd. Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Lal khair Khair Tree 1-12 N3P3 Rottl.) Willd. Acacia concinna DC. Shikaki Shikaki Scrambler 1-12 N1P1 Acacia decurrens Willd. Green Small tree 3-8 N3P2 wattle
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Acacia leucophloea Hiwar Pilo baval Tree 8-2 N2P1 (Roxb.) Willd. Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Australian black wood Tree 12-6 N2P1 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Babhal Kalo Baval Tree 8-12 N3P2 ex Del. Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Shembi --- Tree 8-4 N2P2 Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. Gum acacia Gorad Tree 2-5 N2P2 Adenanthera pavonina L. Thorligunj -- Tree 2-5 N2P2 Albizia amara Boiv. Lallei Moto sarsio Tree 4-8 N2P2 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Shirisha Sarasdo Tree 3-5 N2P2 Entada rheedei Spreng. Garambi Garbe Liana 3-5 N3P2 Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Subabul Padeshi baval Tree 3-10 N3P2 Gillis Mimosa hamata Willd. Arati Kaso Shrub 7-12 N1P2 Mimosa pudica L. Lajalu --- Herb 9-1 N1P1 Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. Arai Arati Shrub 6-10 N1P2 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Shemti Khijado Tree 11-4 N2P2 Druce Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) Vilayati Gando-baval Small tree, 2-5 N1P1 DC. babul Samanea saman (Jacq.) Rain tree Sanman Tree 3-6 N2P2 Merr. Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Jamba suria -- Tree 3-12 N2P2 Taub. Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Phanas Fanas Tree 3-4 P3 Lam. Morus alba L. Tuti Shetur Tree 7-3 P2 Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Shevga Saragavo Tree 1-4 N1P2 Musaceae Musa pradisiaca L. Kela Kera Herb 3-12 N3P3 Myristicaceae Knema attenuata (Wall. ex Ran jayphal Ragtrorar Tree 10-6 N2P2 Hk.f. & Thoms.) Warb. Myristica spp. Nutmeg tree Jaiphal Tree 2-4 N2P2 Myrsinaceae Aegiceras corniculatum Kanjala Kajla Tree 1-12 N1P2 (L.) Blanco Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus(Curt.) Bottle brush Bottle brush Small tree 4-5 N2P2 Skeels Eucalyptus spp. Nilgiri Nilgiri Tree 2-4, N1P1 10-12 Psidium guajava L. Peru Jamfali Tree 11-6 N3P3 Syzygium caryophyllatum Ranlavang --- Small tree 3-10 N1P1 (L.) Alst. Syzygium cumini Skeels Jambhul Jambudo Tree 3-6 N1P1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Syzygium heyneanum Par-jambhal Jangli Small tree 2-6 N1P1 (Duthie) Gamble Jambudi Syzygium jambos (L.) Alst. Rose apple --- Small tree 2-6, N1P1 9-11 Syzygium malaccensis (L.) Jam ----- Small tree 2-4, N1P1 Merr. & Perry Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Kamal Surya kamal Herb 7-10 P1 Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia spp. Ghetuti Vasedo Herb 1-12 N2P2 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea spp. Lalakamal Kanval Herb 1-12 NP1 Oleaceae Ligustrum perrottetii Lokhandi Marsingha Tree 8-11 N2P2 A.DC. Olea dioica Roxb. Karambu Parjamb Tree 1-4 NP1 Olea europaea L. Common olive Tree 5-6; NP1 Schrebera swietenioides Mokha, Marko, Mokho Tree 4-6 N2P2 Roxb. Nakti Onagraceae Epilobium spp. Willow herb Tree 6-9 N2P2 Oxalidaceae Biophytum sensitivum DC. Chui mui, lajvanti Herb 8-4 N2P2 Oxalis spp. Ambuti Anjati Herb 2-6 N3P1 Pandanaceae Pandanus spp. Keora Kewoda Shrub 7-8 P1 Papavaraceae Argemone mexicana L. Pivla Dhotra Herb 1-12 P3 Papaver rhoeas L. Thambda Lal Khaskhas Herb 3-5 N3P1 khaskhasa Pedaliaceae Sesamum indicum L. Til Tal Herb 7-9 N3P3 Plantaginaceae Plantago ovata Isabgola Isapghol Herb 3-9 N2P1 Poaceae Bambusa spp. Bamboo Vans Culms 7-8 NP1 Cynodon dactylon Pers. Durva Dhro Herb 8-11 P3 Dendrocalamus spp. Bans, Manvel vans Culms 10-11 P1 Eleusine coracana Gaertn. Nachani Bavto Herb 9-11 N2P1 Oplismenus spp. Kudak Yerwa Herb 10-11 N2P1 Oryza sativa L. Bhat Dangar Herb 8-11 NP3 Panicum miliaceum L. Varai Vari Herb 7-11 P1 Pennisetum americanum Bajra Bajri Herb 10-11 N3P1 (L.) K.Schum. Sorghum vulgare Pers. Jowar Jowari Herb 10-12 N2P1 Zea mays L. Maka Makkai Herb 7-8 P2 Polemoniaceae Phlox drummondii Hk. Drummond phlox Herb 1-12 NP1
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Polygalaceae Polylgala spp. Negri Pilibhonyasna Herb 4-8 N3P2 Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Coral creeper Climber 8-5 N1P1 Arn. Polygonum spp. Polygonum. Okharad Herb 6-9 N2P2 Portulacaceae Portulaca oleosa L.. Bhuigholi Moti loni Herb 10-12 N2P1 Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. Silver Oak Tree 3-7 N1P1 ex R.Br. Punicaceae Punica granatum L. Dalimb Dadam Tree 8-12 N2P1 Rhamnaceae Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Myrtina Chimat Shrub 2-4 N1P Kurz Ventilago spp. Kanvel Vachhvel Woody 11-3 N2P3 climber Ziziphhus jujuba Mill. Ranbor Unab Tree 9-12 N1P1 Zizyphhus maurtiana Bor Bordi Shrub 9-10 N2P2 Lamk. Ziziphhus nummularia Jangalber Chanya bor Tree, 10-12 N1P3 (Burm.f.) Wt. & Arn. Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Kanerballi Zarda bor Tree, 8-9 N3P2 Mill. Ziziphhus rugosa Lamk. Churna Toran Tree, 12-2 N3P1 Ziziphhus xylopyra (Retz.) Goti Gathbor Tree, 4-7 N3P2 Willd. Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Thoddu Sanwar Tree 11-4 N2P2 Savig. pon-na, Ceriops tagal Robins. Kirrari Kikari Tree 2-5 N2P2 Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Kandile Kandal Shrub 5-9 N2P2 Rhizophora spp. Kandal, Dumbi Small tree 4-9; N1P2 daboja, etc. 11-2 Rubiaceae Canthium coromndelicum Arsul Kirni Tree 6-5 N1P2 (N.Burm.) Alst. Catunaregam spinosa Gahela Ghela Tree 3-11 N1P1 (Thunb.) Tirveng. Coffea arabica L. Coffee plant Shrub 3 N1P2 Coffea robusta Lind. Coffee plant Shrub 3 N1P2 Gardenia latifolia Soland. Ghogari Gugal Small tree 3-11 N3P2 Gardenia resinifera Roth Dikamalli Dikamali Shrub 11-9 N3P2 Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hedi Haladvan Tree 5-8 N3P2 Ridsd. Hamelia patens Jacq. Hamelia Chidiyo Shrub 3-9 N2P2 Hymenodictyon spp. Kuthan, Boisal Tree 6-7 N2P3 bhaulan
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Mitragyna parviflora Kalamb; Section Tree 1-12 N3P2 (Roxb.) Korth. Kadam Morinda pubescens J.E. Sm. Ali 3-8 N3P2 Mussaenda belilla Buch.- Bedina Bhutkes Small tree 4-11 N2P2 Ham. Neolamarckia cadamba Kadamba Kadam Tree 11-2 N3P2 (Roxb.) Boss. Pavetta crassicaulis Papadi Papat Shrub 3-11 N3P2 Bremek. Spermacoce articularis L.f. Ghanti-chi- Madhuri jedi Herb 9-11 N2P2 bhaji Spermadictyon suaveolens Gides - Herb/ 10-2 N2P2 Roxb. Shrub Wendlandia heynei (R. & padgira -- Small tree 3-9 N2P1 S.) Sant. & Merch. Wendlandia thyrsoidea (R. Showla, --- Small tree 2-4 N1P1 & S.) Steud. Rutaceae Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bel Bel Tree 4-11 N2P1 Atalantia malabarica Makad -- Small tree 11-1 N2P2 (Rafin.) Tanaka limbu Atalantia racemosa Wt. Ran limbu --- Small tree 9-6 N2P2 Citrus aurantifolia Limbu Nimbu Tree 1-12 N1P1 (Christm. & Panz.) Swing. Citrus limetta Risso Sweet lime Sweet lime Tree 10-3 N1P1 Citrus maxima Merr. Papnasa Obakotru Tree 5-10 N1P1 Citrus medica L. Mahalunga Turanj Tree 5-10 N1P1 Citrus reticulata Blanco Santra Santara Tree 6-8 N1P1 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. Mosambi Narangi Tree 1-12 N1P1 Glycosmis pentaphylla Kirmira -- Shrub 2-3 N2P1 (Retz) DC. Limonia acidissima L. Kavath Kothi Tree 3-8 N2P2 Melicope lunuankenda Kattu -- Small tree 1-5 N2P2 (Gaertn.) T. Hartl. shanbagam Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. Karipatta Khdi lomdo Shrub 2-6 N3P2 Murraya paniculata (L.) Kunti Kunti Shrub 6-1 N3P2 Jack Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) -- -- Small tree 4-5 N2P2 Nicols. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Limbri Manger Shrub 12-4 N2P2 Lamk. Salvadoraceae Salvadora persica L. --- Pilu Small tree 10-2 N2P3 Salvadora oleoides Deca.. --- Mithijar Small tree 1-4 N2P3 Santalaceae Santalum album L. Chandan Chandan Tree 3-8 N1P2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Sapindaceae Cardiospermum Kapal-phodi Karolio Herb 8-12 N2P2 halicacabum L. Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Baad Jakhami Shrub 7-3 N2P2 Euphoria longan (Lour.) Longan tree Wumb Tree 2-3 N1P3 Steud. Sapindus emarginatus Ritha Arithi Tree 2-5 N1P2 Vahl Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Kusumb Kusum Tree 3-5 N2P2 Oken Sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mowra Mahuro Tree 11-1 N1P2 (Koen.) Mac Br. butter tree Manilkara hexandra Roxb. Cylon iron Ran Tree 11-2 NP2 wood, etc. Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Kumbul Kumla Tree 9-11 N2P2 Raf. Scrophulariaceae Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nirbrahmi Nirbrahmi Herb 1-12 N2P2 Penn. Sopubia delphinifolia (L.) Dudhali Dudhali Root 7-1 N2P2 G.Don parasite Striga spp. Talap Agia, Root 6-12 N3P2 parasite Verbascum spp. Kolhala - Herb 1-12 N3P2 Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Maharuk Aduso Tree 1-7 N2P2 Smilacaceae Smilax spp. Chob-chini Ghotvel Climber 3-5 N2P2 Solanaceae Acnistus arborescens Brazil plant Shrub 7-9;11- N2P1 Schlecht. 2 Capsicum annuum L. Mirchi Marcha Herb 7-8 N2P Capsicum frutescens L. Loungi Marcha Herb 9-1 N2P3 Mirchi Datura stramonium L. Dhatura Dhaturo Herb 9-10 P3 Petunia spp. Petunia Herb 1-9 N3P2 Solanum melongena L. Vangi Ringada Herb 1-12 N3P3 Solanum nigrum L. Kamuni Piludi Herb 5-6 N3P3 Solanum virginianum L. Kate ringni Shrub 12-5 N3P3 Sonneratiaceae Sonneratia apetala Buch.- Kandal Undi Tree 4-6 N1P2 Ham. Sterculiaceae Dombeya mastersii Hk. Dombeya -- Shrub 1-12 N2P2 Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudraksha Tree 3-10 N2P3 Helicteres isora L. Kewan Atai Shrub 8-12 N1P3 Pterospermum acerifolium Muchkund Muchkund Tree 12-6 N1P3 (L.) Willd
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Sterculia foetidia L. Jangli badam Tree 3-6 N3P3 Sterculia urens Roxb. Kandol Kagdol Tree 3-4 N1P3 Tamaricaceae Tamarix dioica Roxb. -- Khari Chhini Shrub 8-9 N3P2 Tiliaceae Grewia damine Garertn. Barkudi Sisoti Tree 6-12 N2P2 Grewia eriocarpa A.L. Dhaman Gangeti Tree 2-5 N2P2 Juss. Grewia hirsuta Vahl Govali Khad- Shrub 5-9 N2P2 dhaman Grewia serrulata DC. Kala dhaman Shrub 9-2 N2P2 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Dhaman Dhamana Smal tree 4-9 N2P2 Triumfetta spp. Paroquet- Jipti Herbs, 8-9; N1P2 burr, etc. Shrubs 11-2 Typhaceae Typha angustifolia L. Pan-kanis Gabajariyu Herb 3-10 P1 Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Vavli Kanaji Tree 1-6 NP2 (Roxb.) Planch. Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. Kapashi Kargol Tree 1-10 N3P3 Ranambada Verbenaceae Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Vanjai -- Shrub 5-12 N2P3 Gaertn. Duranta erecta L. Duranta Asmani Shrub 1-12 N2P2 kangni Gmelina arborea Roxb. Shewan Seven Tree 11-12 N2P1 Lantana camara L. var. Ghaneri Dhanidaria Shrub 1-12 N3P3 aculeata (L.) Mold. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Gour Mundi -- Herb 8-12 N1P3 Greene Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Brazilian tea -- Under- 6-12 N2P3 (L.) Vahl shrub Verbena officinalis L. Vervain Dariai Herb 12-8 N1P2 Vitex spp. Nagod Shrub 5-6 N2P2 Vitaceae Vitis vinifera L. Draksha Draksha Climber 11-5 N3P3 Zingiberaceae Curcuma spp. Haldi Haldi Herb 7-12 N3P2 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Lahangokhru Betagokhru Herb 1-12 N2P2
17 ©Copyright of CBRTI, KIVC Bee Forage Plants East Zone
Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC
Enumeration of sources of Bee forage for honeybees in Bihar State
Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar /Botanical Name name name period Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L. --- Prickly chaff Jan-Dec Medium Medium flower
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ------July - Mar Major Medium
Alternanthera sessilis (L) --- -- Jan - Dec Major Medium R.Br. ex DC.
Amaranthus caudatus L. Ramdana Feb-Mar Minor Minor
Amaranthus spinosus L. Kataili Prickly July - Dec Major Medium chaula amaranth
Celosia argentea L. Sufaid Quail grass Jan-Dec Medium Medium Murgha
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium occidentale L. Kajoo Cashew Nut Feb Minor Major Tree
Mangifera indica L. Aam Mango Feb-Mar Minor Major
Apiaceae
Anethum sowa Kurz. Sowa Dill Jan - Mar Major Major
Coriandrum sativum L. Dhaniya Coriander Dec -Feb Major Major
Trachyspermum ammi L. Ajowain Carum Mar- Apr Minor Minor (Jamain) Ajowan
Asclepiadaceae
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait Ackwan Ak Feb. Major ---
Arecaceae
Borassus flabellifer L. Taar Palmyra May Major Major Palam
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Cocos nucifera L. Nariyal Coconut Jan to Feb Major ---
Phoenix sylvestris L. Khajoor Wild dates Feb Major --- Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar /Botanical Name name name period
Asteraceae
Guizotia abyssinica Cass. Til Niger Apr Major Major
Helianthus annuus Linn. Suraj- Sun-flower Apr -May Major Major mukhi
Parthenium hysterophorus L. --- Congress June Major --- Grass
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens balsamina L. Gul- Garden Nov Minor Minor mendhi Balsam
Bignoniaceae
Spathodea companulata Rugtoora Squirt Tree Mar - Jun Medium Major Beauv.
Bombacaceae
Bombax ceiba L. Semal Silk cotton Feb -Mar Major Major
Boraginaceae
Cordia dichotoma Forst. Lasora -- May -June Minor Major
Brassicaceae
Brassica spp. Sarso,Rai, Mustard Oct - Feb Major Major Toriya
Brassica olerecea L. Gobhi Cabbage Dec - Feb Minor Medium
Raphanus sativus L. Muli Radish Jan -Mar Major Major
Caesalpiniaceae
Caesalpinia Crista L. Karanja Fever nut June Major Major
Delonix regia (Boj) Rafin Gulmohar Gold Mohur Nov - Apr Medium Minor
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Tamarindus indica L. Imli Tamarind Apr - May Minor Major Tree
Cannabinaceae
Cannabis sativa L. Bhang Hemp May Major --- Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar /Botanical Name name name period
Caricaceae
Carica papaya L. Papita Papaya Jan - June Minor Major
Combritaceae
Terminalia chebula Retz. Hirda Hirda May-Jun Medium Major
Commelinaceae
Commelina sp. Kanna Canchara Jun -Nov Minor Major
Cyanotis sp. Kanna --- Jan - Feb Minor Major
Cucurbitaceae
Momordica Chattela ---- Sep-Nov Minor Minor cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb Jhinga Ribbed Aug Sep Major Minor guard
Luffa cylindrical (L.) M.J. Ghiura Cylendrical Aug -Sep Major Minor Roem guard
Cucurbita maxima Duch Kohra Pumpkin Oct - Feb Major Minor
Citrullus vulgaris L. Tarabuj Watermelon Feb-Mar Major Major
Cucumis melo L. Kharbuj Melon Jul-Sep Minor Minor
Cucumis sativus L. Khira Melon Aug-Sep Minor Major
Benincasa hispda Bhua, Ash Gourd Oct - Feb Major Minor Kohra
Trichosanthes anguina L. Chichra Snake guard Mar- Apr Major Minor
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Momordica charantia L. Karela Bitter guard Jan- Mar Major Minor Sep, Oct
Cyperaceae
Cyperus spp. Motha Nut grass Dec- May Minor Major Ghas
Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar /Botanical Name name name period
Euphorbiaceae
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amla Gooseberry Mar- Apr. Major Major
Jatropha gossipifolia L. Purging nut Feb-May Minor Minor
Croton bonplandianum Mirchaiya Croton Mar-Jul, Minor ---- Baill Sep-Oct
Fabaceae
Abrus precatorius Wall. Gunja Jequirity Sep-Mar Major Major
Cajanus indicus Spreng. Arhar Arhar Mar-Apr. Major Medium
Cicer arietinum Linn. Chana Gram Jan-Feb Major Minor
Dolichos lablab Linn. Sem Butter Bean Dec-Feb Major Major
Lathyrus sativus Linn. Khesari Grass Pea Jan-Feb Major Major
Lens culinaris Medic. Massor Lentil Jan-Mar Minor Minor
Pisum sativum Linn. Matar Pea Dec- Mar Major Minor
Pongamia pinnata Pierre Karanj Pongam tree May-June Minor Major
Phaseolus aureus Linn. Mung Green Gram June Major Major
Trifolium alexandrinum L. Berseem Berseem Mar-May Major Major
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Trigonella foenumgraecum Methi Fenugreek Feb-Mar Minor Major Linn.
Lamiaceae
Ocimum spp. Bantulsi Sweet basil Jun –Sep Minor Major
Leucas lavendulaefolia Gumma Linifolia May –Jun Minor Major Ress Spreng
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Tulsi Holy bosil Dec-Jan Minor Major
Liliaceae
Allium cepa Linn. Pyaj Onion Mar- Apr Minor Major
Linaceae
Linum usitatissimum L. Tisi Linsedds Jan-Feb Major Minor Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar /Botanical Name name name period
Lythraceae
Lawsonia inermis Linn. Mehdi Henna May Major Minor
Malvaceae
Abelmoschus esculentus Bhindi Lady’s Mar- Apr Medium --- Moench finger
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem Margosa Apr- May Major Major
Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Mahogani Mahogani Apr Major Major
Menispermaceae
Cocculus hirsutus Diels. Jamtikibel --- Apr Minor Major
Mimosaceae
Acacia sp. Babul Acacia Apr-May Major Minor
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Sirish Sirish Apr- July Minor Major Black
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Albizia procera Benth. Sirish Sirish Apr- July Minor Major White
Mimosa hamata Willd. Lajwanti Touch me Apr- June Major Minor (Lajoni) not
Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lamk. Sahjan Drumstick Jan -Feb Major Major
Musaceae Musa paradisiaca Linn. Kela Banana Jan-Dec. Minor Major
Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Linn. Amrud Guava May Major Minor
Callistemon linearia DC --- Bottle Brush Jan-Jun Minor Major
Eucalyptus sp. Safeda Eucalyptus Feb-Apr Major Major
Syzygium cumini Skeels Jamun Jamun Apr-Jun Major Major
Syzygium sp. Kath Jamun Wild Jamun May Major Major Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar /Botanical Name name name period
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L. Til Gingili 7 year Major Major
Poaceae
Ochlandra travancorica Baans Bamboo 7 year Major Major Benth. ex Gamble
Dendrocalamus hamiltonii --do-- Bamboo 30 to 40 Major Major Nees & Arn. Years
Bambusa sp. --do-- Bamboo 32 to 39 Major Major Years
Oryza sativa Linn Dhan Paddy Sept-Oct Major
Hordeum vulgare Linn. Jau Barley May-Jun Major Major
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Zea mays Linn. Makai Maize Jan-May Major
Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus sp. Ber Jujube Oct-Nov. Major Major
Rosaceae
Rosa spp. Gulab Rose Nov-Mar Major Minor
Rubiaceae
Wendlandia thyrsoidea Bankat Showla Mar- Apr Minor Major Steud.
Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamb Kadamba May June Major Major (Roxb.) Miq.
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa Bel Bael tree June Major Major
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle Nimbu Lemmon Jan-June Major Major
Citrus maxima Chakotra Shaddock Jan-June Major Major pumelo
Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar /Botanical Name name name period
Sapindaceae
Nephelium litchi Camb. Litchi Litchi Mar Major Major
Schleichera oleosa Oken. Kusum Lac Tree Apr Major Major
Sapotaceae
Bassia latifolia Roxb. Mahua Butter Tree Apr Major Minor
Mimusops elengi L. Bakula Bakula May-Jul --- Minor
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum thapsus L. Bantam- Mullein Apr Medium Minor bakoo
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Solanaceae
Solanum melongena L. Baigan Bringjal Jan-Mar Major ----
Capsicum annuum Linn. Mircha Capsicum Jan- Feb Major Minor
Lycopersicon lycopersicum Tamatar Tomato Dec- May Major Minor Korst.
Tiliaceae
Grewia sp. Falsa Apr Major Major Patson White Jute Corchorus capsularis L. May -June Major Minor /Jute
Corchorus olitorius L. Sanai Jew’s Apr- May. Major Minor Mallow
Bee flora of Jharkhand State
Family/ Local Name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar Botanical name period Acanthaceae Astercantha longifolia Nees -- -- Aug - Sep --- Minor Justicia gandarussa Burm.f Bankash Justicia Jan - Feb Minor Minor Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Kanta saag Prickly Jan-Feb, Minor -- amaranthus Oct Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Linn. Aam Mango Feb – Mar Minor Minor Spondias pinnata Kurtz. Deshi Amrah Hog-plum Feb – Mar -- Medium Apiaceae Coriandrum sativam Linn. Dhania Coriander Feb - Mar Major Major Daucas carota Linn Gajar Carrot Mar – Apr Minor Minor Apocynaceae Carissa carandus Linn. Karonda Karaunda Jan - Feb -- Minor Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Linn. Tar Palmyra Dec Minor -- Cocos nucifera Linn. Nariel Coconut Jan-Dec Major -Minor Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Khejur Wild dates Feb – Mar Major -- Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoids Linn. Vchunti Goat weed Dec – Jan Minor --
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May – Oct Helianthus annuus Linn. Surajmukhi Sunflower Jan – Feb Medium Major Parthenium hysterophorus Congress Congress Jul - Dec Minor -- Linn. grass grass Eupartorium odoratum ------Nov – Dec Minor Minor Tagetes erecta Linn. Ganda Marigold Nov - Mar Minor Minor Tridax procumbens Linn. Marada Tridax Nov - Jan Minor Minor chood Vernonia cineria Less Putuish Purple Nov – Dec Minor Medium fleabane souten Guizotia abyssinica Cav Sarguga Niger Dec - Jan Minor Major Bombacaceae Ceiba pentadra Linn. Swet simul Silk cotton Feb Medium Medium Bombax ceiba Linn. Shimool Red Feb – Apr Medium Medium Silkcotton Brassicaceae Brassica campestris Linn. Sarsoo Mustard Dec – Feb Major Major Raphanus sativus Linn Mulli Radish Jan – Mar Minor Minor Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia variegate Linn. Koiner Kanchan Mar Minor Minor Cassia fistula Linn. Amaltaas Indian May – Jun Minor Minor Laburnum Family/ Local Name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar Botanical name period Cassia tora Linn. Chota -- Sep – Oct Minor -- Chakor Delonix regia Rafin. Gulmohar Flame tree Apr – May Medium Minor Tamarindus indica Linn. Imli Tamarind May – Jun Medium Major Cannabinaceae Cannabis sativa Ganja True hemp Feb Medium -- Chenopodiaceae Chinopodium album Linn. Bathua saag Lamb’s Feb – Mar Minor --- quarters Combretaceae Quisqualis indica Linn Rangoon Rangoon Apr – Jul Minor Minor creeper creeper Terminalia arjuna Wt. &Arn. Arjun Arjun May – Jun Medium Medium Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Bahera Belleric Mar-May Minor Minor myrobalan Terminelia chebula Retiz. Harra Chebula Feb-Mar Minor Minor myrobalan Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis Kanna Commelina Aug – Oct Minor Minor Linn. Cyanotis sp. Cyanotis Jan – Sep Minor --
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Cucurbitaceae Cucumis sativus Linn. Khira sasha Kakadi Feb – Oct Minor Minor Cucurbita maxima Kohra Creeper Feb – May Medium Minor Duchesne Luffa acutangula Roxb. Ghongra Ribbed Aug – Oct Minor Minor guard Momordica charantia Linn. Karela Bitter Guard Apr – Oct, Medium Minor Jan Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Linn. Mutha Nut grass Nov – Jan Minor -- Dypterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Gaertn. f Sal / Sakhua Sal Feb – Mar Minor -- Euphorbiaceae Croton bonplandianum Bail. Mirchaiya --- Jun – Jul Minor -- Jota!lonka Emblica officinale Gaertn. Amla Amla Apr Minor -- Chrozophora sp. ------Apr – Jun Minor --- Sep – Dec Euphorbia hirta Barokhervi ---- June – Jul Minor --- Fabaceae Butea monosperma Taub Palash Flame of the Feb- Apr Minor Major forest Cajanas cajan Millsp. Arhar Pigeon pea Jan – Mar Medium Medium Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sisu Rose wood Feb – Mar Minor Minor Dolichos lablab Savi. Shim Beans Jan – Mar Minor Minor Family/ Local Name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar Botanical name period Lathyrus sativus Linn, Khesari Grass pea Jan-Feb Minor Medium Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Udid Black gram Feb – May __ Minor Phaseolus mungo Linn. Mung green gram Aug – Sep Minor Minor Pisum sativum Linn. Matar Peas Dec – Jan Minor --- Pongamia pinnata Pierre Karanj Indian May – Jun Minor Major Beech tree Cicer arietinum Linn. Chana Bengal gram Jan – Feb Minor -- Crotolaria retusa Linn. Shanai Hemp Dec – Jan Minor -- Lathyrus sativus Linn. Khesari Chickling vetch Indigofera tinctoria Linn --- Jul- Nov -- Minor Lamiaceae Leoneurus sibiricus Linn Bara gumma Siberian Sep – Jan Minor Minor motherwort Leucas aspera Spreng. Gumma Gumma Jul – Sep -- Minor Ocimum basilicum Linn. Bantulsi Sweet basil Sep – Jan Minor Minor Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Jangli Tulsi Shrubby Nov – Dec -- Minor basil
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Liliaceae Allium cepa Linn. Pianj Onion Feb – May Minor Minor Allium sativum Linn. Rasum Garlic Dec – Mar -- Minor Linaceae Linum usitatisimum Lin. Tisi Linsedds Jan-Feb Minor Minor Lythraceae Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers Jarul Queen Apr Minor -- cramp myrtle Punica granatum Linn. Anar Pomogra- Mar – Apr Minor -- nate Malvaceae Gossypium herbaceum Kapas Cotton Dec – Jan Minor Major Meliaceae Azadiracta indica A. Juss Neem Neem May – Jun Minor -- Toona Ciliata Tun Toon Mar – Apr Minor Major Mimosaceae Acacia auriculaeiformis A. Acacia Akasi Dec – Jan Medium Minor Cunn. Aug-Oct Albizia lebbeck Benth. Sirish Siris tree Feb – Apr Minor Medium Leucaena Lucocephola Dc wit Subapul Subabul Mar April Minor -- Mimosa pudica Lajwanti Touch me Jul – Oct Minor Minor not Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lamk. Shunti/ Drum stick Jan – Mar Medium Major Munga Sep – Oct Moraceae Morus indica Tunt Mulbery Mar Minor Minor Musaceae Musa paradisiacal Linn. Kela Banana Jan-Dec -- Minor
Family/ Local Name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar Botanical name period Myrtaceae Syzium cumini Skells Kala Jamun Jamun Apr – May Medium Medium Eucalyptus sp. Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Aug – Dec Minor Major Psidium guajava Linn Amrud Guava Feb – April Minor Minor Nyctaginaceae Marabilis jalapa Linn. 4 O’ Clock 4 O’ Clock May – Aug Minor -- Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata -- Aug – Sep Minor -- Pedaliaceae Seamum indicum Linn. Til Gingili Sep – Oct, Minor Major Dec, Myrtynia diandra Bagh nakhi Jul- Aug -- Minor
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Poaceae Andropogon ascinoidis Cattle grass Jul – Sep Minor --- C.B.Clarke Bambusa arundinaceae Willd. Bansh Bamboo Jan – Mar Major -- Cynodon dactilon Pers Dubhi, Durba Dhub grass Jun – Jul Minor -- Ghass Dendrocalamus strictus Nees Muli bansh Solid Jan-Mar Major -- Bamboo Oryza sativa Linn. Dhan Paddy Nov Minor -- Sorghum vulgare Linn. Jawar Pearl millet May Medium -- Triticum astivum Linn. Genhu Dec Minor -- Hordium vulgare Linn. Barley Jan – Feb Minor -- Zea mays Linn. Makka Feb – Mar Major -- May - Sep Pontederiaceae Eichornia crassipes salms Kochueipana Jul – Dec Minor -- Rhaminaceae Zizyphus jujube Mill. Ber Jujube Aug – Sep, Minor Major Feb, Rosaceae Pyrus cuminis Linn. Pear Pear Feb-Mar Minor --- Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. Kadam Kadamba Jul – Aug Minor Minor Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Correa. Bael Bael tree May – Jun Minor Minor Citrus aurantifolia Swingle Nibu Lemon Feb –Mar Minor Minor July Glycosmis pentaphylla DC Tooth brush Wild nimbu Aug – Oct -- Minor plant Limonia accidissima Linn. Kawat Wood apple May - Jun Medium Minor Sapindaceae Nephelium litchi Cambess Litchi Litchi Feb – Mar Minor Major Sapindus sp. Dhelakanata/ -- Mar -Apr Medium Minor Ankar Family/ Local Name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar Botanical name period Schichera oleosa Oken Kusum Lac Tree Feb - Mar Medium Minor Sapotaceae Madhuca indica j.f. Gamel Mahua Indian butter Mar – Apr Medium Medium tree Scrophulariaceae Scoparia dulcis Linn. -- Sweet Jun - Sep Minor -- broom weed Solanaceae Capsicum annuum Linn. Lanka Mirchi Jan – Dec Minor -- Lycoparcicum esculentum Tamatar Tomato Sep – Jan Minor --
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Verbinaceae Clerodendrum inreme Bhant --- Feb – Apr Minor Medium Gaertn. Gmelina arborea Linn. Gumari Gulmhar Mar – Apr ---- Minor Lantana camara Linn. Putush Lantana Jan – Dec Minor Minor Tictona grandis Linn. Saagoan Teak Jul - Aug Minor -- Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Chirchiti Bustard Apr - Sep -- Minor vervain Vahl.
Bee forage of Orissa
Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Acanthaceae Adhatoda zeylanica Malabar nut - April-Nov Minor Medium Medic. Barleria cristata L. - Nov- Mar Medium Major Hygrophila serpyllum - Jul-Feb Major Major (Nees) T.Anders Rungia repens Nees - Jul – Aug Minor Minor Agavaceae Agave americana L. Century plant Birhotokumari Sept – Nov Minor Minor Polianthus tuberosa L. Tube rose - Jan – Dec Major Yucca filamentosa L. Adam’s - Jun- Sept Medium Medium needle Alangiaceae Alangium salvifolium Ankol, - Mar –June Medium Medium (L.f.) Wang. Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. Prickly chaff - Jan – Dec Medium Medium flower Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Dholimundi Paunsis Jul- March Medium Major ex Schult. Alternanthera sessilis Giojihra - Jan – Dec Medium Major (L.) R.Br. ex DC. Amaranthus spinosus Prickly - Jul –Dec Medium Major L. Amaranth Celosia argentea L. Quail grass - Jan – Dec Medium Medium Anacardiaceae Anacardium Cashew nut - Jan – May Major Medium occidentale L. Buchanania Calumpang Charee Jan – May Medium Minor cochinchinensis (Lour.) nut Almeida
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Lannea coromandelica Jhingan, Moi, indramai Feb - May Medium Medium (Houtt.) Merr. Mangifera indica L. Mango - Mar –April Medium Minor Semecarpus Marking nut Balia, Bhollia Jun – Jul Medium Minor anacardium L.f. Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Hog plum Ambula, Feb- Mar Medium Medium Kurz Amoda Apiaceae Coriandrum sativum L. Coriander - Mar –Aug Major Major Apocynaceae Vallaris solanacea Bono konerinoi, Dec – April Medium Medium (Roth) O.Ktze. Hopormoli Wrightia tinctoria Indigo plant Pita karuan, March – Major Minor R.Br. Dudhokriya June
Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer L. Toddy palm - Jan – Dec Major Major Cocos nucifera L. Coconut palm - Jan – Dec Major Major Phoenix humilis Dwarf date Bukhor, Jura, Feb - March Major Minor Becc.& Hk.f. palm Kojiri Phoenix sylvestris Wild date Khajuri, Kojari Dec - Feb Medium Minor Roxb palm, etc. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias curassavica Milkweed - April – Jun Medium Medium L. Calotropis gigantea Jilledu - Medium Major (L.) Ait Asteraceae Cosmos spp. Cosmos - Sept –Nov Minor Medium Eupatorium odoratum Through-wort - Jul – Sept Medium Minor L. Guizotia abyssinica Niger, kalatil - Sept –Nov Major Major (L.f.) Cass. Helianthus annuus L. Common - Jan – Dec Major Major Sunflower Parthenium Parthenium - Jan – Dec Minor Minor hysterophorus L. Sphaeranthus indicus Bodasaram, Murisa, Nov – May Medium Major L. sitadori Bokashungi Tridax procumbens L. Mexican daisy - Jan – Dec Medium Medium Xanthium indicum Burweed - March – Jun Minor Major Koen. Balsaminaceae Impatiens spp. Balsam Haragaura Jun – Sept Major Medium
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Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia racemosa Samudraphala - Jan – Dec Medium Medium (L.) Spr. Berberis lycium Royle Barberry - April – Jun Medium Major Bignoniaceae Dolichandrone spp. Nuruddi, - March – Jun Minor Medium Oroxylum indicum (L). Pampini, ullu Phapni, April – Jun Minor Medium Vent. Phonphonia Spathodea African tulip - March – Jun Minor Medium campanulata Beauv. Stereospermum spp. Gajpipal Pamphunia April – Jun Minor Medium Bixaceae Bixa orellana L. Annatto, - Feb – April N Major Bombacaceae Adansonia digitata L. Baobab, - April – June Major Major gorakhimli Bombax ceiba L. Red silk Buroh, Bouro Feb - March Major Major cotton tree Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Ceiba pentandra (L.) White silk - March – Major Major Gaertn. cotton tree May Boraginaceae Cynoglossum spp. Hounds - May – Sept Minor Minor tongue Ehretia acuminata Ivory wood - Feb – April Major Medium R.Br. Heliotropium indicum Naga danti Hati-sura Jan – Dec Medium Medium L. Brassicaceae Brassica juncea (L) Indian - Dec – Mar Medium Medium Czern. & Coss. mustard Raphanus sativus L. Radish - Feb – Mar Major Major Burseraceae Boswellia serrata Indian - April – Jun Minor Medium Roxb. ex Colebr. olibanum Canarium strictum Black dam- - Mar –May Minor Medium Roxb. mar, Garuga pinnata Roxb. Garugu Mohi, sampotri April – May Minor Medium Cactaceae Opuntia elatior Mill. Prickly pear, Nagapheria Aug – Mar Medium Medium Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchan - Sept – Dec Medium Minor Bauhinia racemosa Are - Mar - April Medium Minor Lamk.
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Bauhinia vahli Wt. & Camel's foot - Mar –May Medium Minor Arn. climber Bauhinia variegata L. Geranium tree - Feb –April Medium Minor Cassia auriculata L Tanners cassia - Oct –May Medium Medium Cassia fistula. Indian - April –Jul Minor Minor laburnum Cassia occidentalis L. Negro coffee - Nov – Mar Medium Minor Cassia tora L. - Aug –Dec Minor Minor Caesalpinia crista L. Fever nut - Nov –April Minor Medium Bonduc nut Caesalpinia Peacock - Jan –Dec Minor Minor pulcherrima (L.) Sw. flower Delonix regia (Boj. ex Gulmohr - May – Jun Minor Medium Hk.) Raf. Hadwickia binata Anjan - Oct- Dec Medium Minor Roxb. Parkinsonia aculeata Jerusalem - Mar – Jun Minor Medium L. thorn Peltophorum Copper pod - Mar -May Medium Major pterocarpum (DC.) tree Baker ex Heyne Tamarindus indica L. Tamarind Tentuli, Konye Mar – May Major Minor
Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Cannabinaceae Cannabis sativa L. True Hemp - Jun – Sept Medium Medium Capparaceae Capparis grandis L.f. - April – May Minor Minor Crataeva adansonii Vaivarna - April - May Medium Medium var. odora (Buch.- Ham.) Jacobs Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Beefwood tree - Feb - April - Minor L. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. Lambs - Mar – May, Minor Minor Quarters Aug – Oct Spinacia oleracea L Garden Palaksag Mar – May Minor Minor spinach Combretaceae Anogeissus latifolia Axle wood - Dec - Jan Medium Major (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. & Perr.
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Calycopteris Kokaray Kukundia, Mar – Jul Minor Minor floribunda (Roxb.) Dhonti Poir. Terminalia bellirica Belliric Bhara April – May N2P3 Minor (Gaertn.) Roxb. Myrobalan Terminalia cattappa L. Indian almond - Feb – Aug N1P3 Minor Terminalia chebula Ink nut, hirda Harida May – Jun N1P2 Medium Retz. Commelinaceae Commelina Venna - Jun – Dec Medium Medium benghalensis L. veduru, etc. Cyanotis cristata Idra - Jul - Sept N2P1 Major D.Don Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis Deer’s Foot - April – Sept Minor Minor L. Cressa cretica L. Rudravanti - Jan – Dec Minor Medium Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Amar-vel - Jul – Oct P3 Minor Ipomoea batatas (L.) Sweet potato Kanda Aug – Nov N2P3 Minor Lam. Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo L. Melon, - Jul – Sept Medium Medium cantaloupe Cucumis sativus L. Khira - Jul – Sept Medium Medium Cucurbita maxima Red Gourd - April – Jun Medium Medium Duch. ex Lam. Cucurbita pepo L. Pumpkin - April – Jun Medium Medium Luffa acutangula (L.) Ribbed gourd - May –Jul Medium Medium Roxb. Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Luffa cylindrica (L.) Sponge gourd - May –Jul Medium Medium M.J. Roem. Momordica charantia Bitter gourd, - May – Oct Major Medium L. Momordica dioica Bitter gourd - May – Oct Major Medium Roxb. ex Willd. Sechium edule (Jacq.) Chayote, - Jul – Nov Medium Medium Sw. Chow-Chow Cyperaceae Cyperus spp. Motha - Jan – Nov - Major Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica L. Chalta, Uvu Mar - April Minor Major Dillenia pentagyna Karmal Rai Jan – Mar Minor Major Roxb. Dioscoreaceae
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Dioscorea pentaphylla Duka - Aug – Dec - Major L. pendalum Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus spp. Black dammar - Dec – Feb Minor Medium Shorea robusta Gaertn. Sal, guggal Sal, Sagua Feb – Mar Minor Major Ebenaceae Diospyros melanoxylon Ebony Kendu Jan – April Major Minor Roxb. Diospyros ovalifolia - May – Jun Major Minor Wt. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma acidum Tessi - Jan – Oct Minor Minor Retz. Aporosa spp. Mossu Dec – April Medium Major Bischofia javanica Bl. Bishop wood - Feb – March Minor Minor Bridelia retusa (L.) Kasi - Jun – Aug Medium Minor Spr. Chrozophora rottleri - April – Jul Minor Medium (Gies.) Juss. Drypetes roxburghii Putranjiva - April - May Minor Medium (Wall.) Hurus. Emblica officinalis Emblic - Mar – May Minor Medium Gaertn. myrobalan Euphorbia antiquorum Tridhra - Nov – Jan Medium Medium L. sehund Euphorbia pulcherrima Lal patti - Jan – Dec Minor Medium Willd. ex Klot. Euphorbia royleana Euphorbia - April - May Minor Minor Boiss. Excoecaria agallocha Blinding tree Gowan Mar – April Major Medium L. Glochidion spp. Kalchia, bho- Marangmata, Feb – May Minor Medium ma, nirveti China Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Jatropha curcas L. Physic nut Jhazigaba Jun – Sept Medium Medium
Jatropha gossipifolia Belly ache - Jan – Dec N2P1 Major L. bush Macaranga spp. Chandada, Piania, Jan - March NP2 Medium vatta Gondaguria Mallotus spp. Kamala dye Sinduri Aug – Nov - Major tree Ricinus communis L. Castor - May – Aug - Medium Sapium sebiferum (L.) Chinese Ronojita May – Jun Minor Medium Roxb. tallow tree
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Synadenium grantii African milk - Jan – Dec Medium Minor Hk.f. bush Fabaceae Butea monosperma Flame of the - May – Sept Medium - (Lam.) Taub. forest, Palas Cajanus cajan (L.) Pigeon pea - May – Sept Major Medium Millsp. Cicer arietinum L. Bengal Gram - Feb Minor Medium Erythrina variegata L. Indian Coral - Mar – Jun Medium Medium tree Glycine max (L.)Merr. Soyabean - Jul – Aug Minor Minor Ougeinia oojainensis Sandan Bandhona, (Roxb.) Hochr. Banjan Pongamia pinnata (L.) Indian beech Korano Mar – Jun Major Major Pierre Pterocarpus Kino tree, Byasa Mar – May Medium Medium marsupium Roxb. yegisa Sesbania grandiflora Basna, agasthi Ogosti, Buko Feb - April Minor Major (L.) Poir. Vigna mungo (L.) Black gram - Jan – Mar Medium Medium Hepper Vigna radiata (L.) R. Golden gram - Jan – Mar Medium Medium Wilczek Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia indica Sweet thorn - Sept – Feb Major Medium (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtia jangomas Puneala Plum Baincha Sept – Feb Medium Medium (Lour.) Raeusch. Gentianaceae Swertia spp. Chiretta - Aug – Oct Minor Minor Geraniaceae Geranium spp. Geraniums - May – Sept Minor Minor Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica (L.) - Aug – Oct Medium Medium O.Ktze. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Purolo, Oct – Mar Medium Medium Poit. Gangatulsi Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Leucas aspera (Willd.) Bhutamari Nov – Mar Minor Minor Link Leucas ciliata Bth. Burumbi Oct – Jan Minor Minor Ocimum spp. Basils, tulsi, Dhala tulsi Jun – Sept Minor Minor etc. Salvia spp. Sage - Jul – Oct Medium Medium Lauraceae
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Cassytha filiformis L. Amarvel - Jul – April Minor Minor Litsea glutinosa (Lour) Jaisanda Jan – Oct Major Major C.B. Robin. Lecythidaceae Careya arborea Roxb. Kumbha, - Feb - April Minor Medium Leeaceae Leea spp. Hansia- Hatikanopotro Mar – Sept Minor Medium dhapan Liliaceae Allium cepa L. Onion - May – Jun Minor Minor Allium sativum L. Garlic - May – Jun Minor Minor Asparagus spp. Asparagus - Aug – Nov Medium Medium Gloriosa subperba L. Malabar glory Ognisikha, Jul – Nov Minor Medium lily Panujangulia Scilla hyacinthina Mc South Indian - Jun – Sept Minor Minor Br. Squill Linaceae Linum spp. Flax, etc. - Jan – Dec Medium Major Loganiaceae Strychnos nux-vomica Nuxvomica, Kachila, Kosila Feb – April Medium Major L. Strychnos potatorum L. Clearing nut Kotaku Feb – April Medium Major tree, Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata Banda Bridhongo Mar – May Medium Medium (L.f.) Ettings. Viscum spp. Mistletoes - Jul – Nov Medium Medium Lythraceae Lagerstroemia indica Pride of India, - Jul – Sept Medium Medium L. Lagerstroemia Nandi, bondar Salora April – Jun Major Medium parviflora Roxb. Lawsonia inermis L. Henna plant Benjati Mar – Sept Minor Major Woodfordia fruticosa Fire-flame Jatiko, harwari Mar – Nov Major Medium (L.) Kurz bush, Dhaiti Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys indica Bandi kota - Aug – Dec Medium Medium (Willd.) Theob. teega Malvaceae 1-7 Abutilon spp. Thutti, etc. - Jan – Dec Medium Medium Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Gossypium arboreum Cotton Karpaso, kopa Jul – Sept Minor Minor L. Hibiscus cannabinus L. Deccanhemp Kanuriya Jul – Aug Minor Minor
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Kydia calycina Roxb. Pula, warang Bankopasia, Feb – April Minor Medium bharimo Sida acuta Burm.f. Ancharna, Sept – Dec Minor Major siobola, sunakhodika Sida cordifolia L. Badianaula, Sept - Dec Minor Major bisvokopari Urena lobata L. Boriyal Bilokapasiva Jul - Nov Minor Medium Melastomataceae Melastoma Palore Gongai, koroti Mar – Sept Minor Minor malabathricum L. Meliaceae Aglaia spp. Karagil - Jan – Feb Minor Medium Azadirachta indica Margosa - May – Sept Medium Minor Juss. Melia azedarach L. Bead tree - Jan - Jul Medium Medium Swietenia spp. Mahogani - April – Jun Medium Medium Menispermaceae Cocculus hirsutus Chintil, gol- - Aug - Nov Minor Major Theob. uncha, gunge Mimosaceae Acacia auriculiformis Australian - Jan - May Medium Medium A. Cunn. ex Bth. acacia Acacia catechu (L.f.) Cutch tree, - Feb - May Major Medium Willd. khair Acacia concinna Soap pod - Feb - May Major Major (Willd.) DC. Acacia leucophloea Panicled - Aug - Nov Medium Major (Roxb.) Willd. acacia, safed kikar Adenanthera pavonina Coral wood - Feb - May Medium Medium L. Albizia amara (Roxb.) Siris - Mar – May Medium Medium Boiv. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Siris - Mar – May Medium Medium Bth. Dichrostachys cinerea Virtuli, - Jun - Nov Medium Medium (L.) Wt. & Arn. var. vadathali indica Bren. & Brum. Entada rheedei Spreng. St. Thomas Geredi Mar – May Minor Medium bean, gila Leucaena latisiliqua Subabul Rajokasundiri Mar – Oct Minor Medium (L.) Gillis Mimosa hamata Willd. Jheryihani - Nov - Dec Major Medium Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period
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Mimosa pudica L. Sensitive Lajkuri Jul - Nov Major Major plant Mimosa rubicaulis Bramble stalk, - Aug – Dec Major Medium Lam. kasari, Prosopis juliflora Mesquite, deb - Sept – Mar Major Major (Swartz) DC. babul Xylia xylocarpa Irul, pynikado Boja, kongora, Mar – April Medium Medium (Roxb.) Taub. tangini Moraceae Artocarpus Jackfruit tree - Mar - April - Minor heterophyllus Lam. Morus alba L. White Tuto, tuticoli Mar – April - Medium Mulberry Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Drumstick Sajina Jan – Dec Major Medium tree Musaceae Musa pradisiaca L. Banana - Mar – Dec Minor Minor Myrsinaceae Aegiceras Halsi, - Jan – Dec Major Medium corniculatum (L.) narikandam Blanco Myrtaceae Eucalyptus spp. Eucalypt - Feb - April, Major Major Oct – Dec Syzygium cumini (L.) Jambolan, Jamo April – Jun Major Major Skeels Java plum Syzygium jambos (L.) Rose apple Golab jamli Feb - Jun , Major Major Alst. Sept - Nov Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia spp. Spreading - Jan – Dec Medium Medium hog-weed Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea spp. Water lily Rangkain, Jan – Dec Minor Major Dhabalakin Oleaceae Schrebera Mokha, Janlia, Feb - May Medium Medium swietenioides Roxb. Weaver’s Nemibure Beam Papavaraceae Argemone mexicana L. Pivla Dhotra - May – Jul - Minor Papaver spp. Poppy - Mar – May Minor Major Pedaliaceae Sesamum indicum L. Sesamum Khasa, Rasi Jul – Sept Minor Minor Piperaceae
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Peperomia spp. Luchipata, - Jul - Nov - Medium sumlako Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Piper longum C.DC. Indian long - Jan – Oct Minor Medium pepper Piper nigrum L. Black pepper - Jan – Oct Minor Medium Poaceae Bambusa spp. Thorny - Jul – Aug Minor Major Bamboo Cynodon dactylon Pers. Dub grass - May –Sept - Minor Dendrocalamus spp. Bamboo, Salia, Bhonso Oct – Nov - Major choya bans, Eleusine coracana (L.) Ragi - Oct – Nov Medium Major Gaertn. Oplismenus spp. Nini, Kauguria Oct - Nov Medium Major Oryza sativa L. Paddy, rice - Sept – Nov Minor Minor Panicum spp. Panic - Jul - Nov - Major Pennisetum Spiked Millet - Oct - Nov Minor Major americanum (L.) K.Schum. Sorghum vulgare Pers. Pearl millet, Jonna Jan – Dec Medium Major Polygalaceae Polylgala spp. Meradu, - April – Aug Minor Medium Milkwort Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Hk. Railway or - Jan – Dec Major Major & Arn. coral creeper Polygonum spp. Polygonum. Muthi saga Jun - Sept Medium Medium Rumex spp. Sorrel, dock, Jun – Dec Medium Medium etc. Portulacaceae Portulaca pilosa Hk. Portulaca Purunidag Jun - Sept Medium Major ssp. grandiflora (Hk.) Gees. Proteaceae Grevillea robusta Silver Oak - Mar – Jun Major Major A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Ranunculaceae Naravelia zeylanica Rashgagri - Feb - April Minor Medium (L.) DC. Rhamnaceae Scutia myrtina Tuvadi, - Oct - April Major Minor (Burm.f.) Kurz gariki, Ventilago spp. Pitti, Bonga Nov – Mar Medium Minor sarjom, surul
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Ziziphhus jujuba Mill. Chinese - Mar – Jun ; Major Major Jujube Dec – Feb Ziziphhus nummularia Wild Jujube Bodokoli, April – Jun Major Minor (Burm.f.) Wt. & Arn. Barkoli, Bodori Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Jackal Jujube Borokoli, Jan - May Minor Medium Mill. Kontakoli Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Ziziphhus rugosa Churna Simukoli Jan – May Minor Major Lamk. Ziziphhus xylopyra Kat-ber, Gotti, Got, Gotobora, Mar –Dec Minor Medium (Retz.) Willd. Suti Kantabobul Rosaceae Potentilla spp. Silver weed - Jun – Aug Medium Minor Rubiaceae Canthium Kirna, palaga - May –Oct Major Medium coromndelicum (N.Burm.) Alst. Catunaregam spinosa Common Patova May –Nov Major Major (Thunb.) Tirveng. emetic nut Coffea arabica L. Arabian - Mar Major Medium Coffee Coffea robusta Lind. Congo Coffee - Mar Major Medium Gardenia latifolia Boxwood Damkurdu, Mar – Nov Minor Medium Soland. Gardenia Jantia, Kotaranga Hedyotis spp. Khet papra - Feb –May Medium Medium Hymenodictyon spp. Kuthan, Bodoka, Konoo Jun –Jul Medium Minor bhaulan Mitragyna parviflora Kaim, Kadam Mur, Gudikaima Mar –may Minor Medium (Roxb.) Korth. Morinda pubescens - Mar – Aug Minor Medium J.E. Sm. Pavetta crassicaulis Pavattai Phingi, Feb – May Minor Medium Bremek. Kotapongu Wendlandia tinctoria Tula-lodh Telli Feb – April Major Major DC. Rutaceae Aegle marmelos (L.) Bael tree, - Mar –June Medium Major Corr. maredu, Atalantia malabarica Wild lime - Nov- Jan Medium Medium (Rafin.) Tanaka Atalantia racemosa - Nov –Jan Medium Medium Wt. Citrus medica L. Citron - Mar – April Major Major
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Glycosmis pentaphylla Ban-nimbu Chowaldua Mar – Oct Medium Major (Retz) DC. Limonia acidissima L. Wood apple, - Feb – Mar Medium Medium Murraya koenigii (L.) Curry leaf tree Barsan, Mar – Sept Minor Medium Spr. Bhursunga Toddalia asiatica (L.) Wild orange, Tundpora Feb – April Medium Medium Lamk. Zanthoxylum spp. Hanjor, Mar –Jun Minor Medium tirphal
Family / Trade Name Local name Flowerin Nectar Pollen Botanical Name g Period Sapindaceae Cardiospermum Balloon vine - Jul - Oct Medium Medium halicacabum L. heartseed Dodonea viscosa (L.) Sinatha, Mohra Jul - Oct Medium Medium Jacq. Jakhmi, Lepisanthes spp. Korivi, netota - Feb - Mar Minor Minor ritha Nephelium chinensis Litchi Panikusum Mar - April Major Medium (Lour.) Almeida Sapindus emarginatus Soapnut Muktamaya, Oct - Dec Major Medium Vahl Muktimonjro Schleichera oleosa Ceylon oak, Kusamo, Feb - Mar Medium Medium (Lour.) Oken kusum, Rusam, Kussum Sapotaceae Aisandra butyracea Indian butter - Feb - May Major Medium (Roxb.) Baehni tree Madhuca longifolia Mowra butter Mahula, Moha Feb - May Major Medium (Koen.) Mac Br. tree Xantolis tomentosa Jastimadhu, Kanta bohul, Feb - May Medium Medium (Roxb.) Raf. Kantabora Scrophulariaceae Scoparia dulcis L. Sweet broom - April - Nov Minor Medium weed Striga spp. Agia, Talap - Jun - Dec Minor Medium pallipondu Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Tree of hea- Mahala, Feb - April Medium Medium Roxb. ven, Mahanim Solanaceae Capsicum annuum L. Chilli - Jul - Oct Medium Minor Capsicum frutescens L. Bird chilli - Aug - Oct Medium Minor Datura stramonium L. Tharn Apple - Jun - Sept Minor -
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Lycopersicon Tomato - Mar - Oct Minor Minor lycopercicum (L.) Karsten. Sterculiaceae Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudraksha Debodaru Jul – Oct Medium Minor Helicteres isora L. East Indian Murmuria, Muri Jul – Dec Major Minor Screw tree muri Kleinhovia hospita L. Kleinhovia, - May - Sept Medium Medium Pterospermum Kanak Kanoko April - Nov Major Minor acerifolium (L.) Willd champa champa, Sterculia foetidia L. Jangli badam - Feb – Mar Minor Minor Sterculia urens Roxb. Gum karaya Kavili Mar – Apr Major Minor Tiliaceae Corchorus spp. Jute plant, - Aug - Minor Medium banpat March Grewia hirsuta Vahl Kakarundah Kulo Dec –Sept Medium Medium Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen Botanical Name Period Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Dhaman, Dec - Aug Medium Medium Dhamura Triumfetta spp. Paroquet-burr, Bojormuli, Aug - Sept; Major Medium etc. Jotojuti Nov - Feb Typhaceae Typha angustifolia L. Lesser Indian - May – Jul - Major reed-mace Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Indian elm, Dauranja, Jan – June Minor Medium (Roxb.) Planch. Turuda Trema orientalis (L.) Charcoal tree Jivani, Feb – Jul Minor Minor Bl. Kharkas Urticaceae Pilea spp. Artillary - Sept - Nov Minor Medium plant, etc. Verbenaceae Clerodendrum inerme - May –Dec Medium Minor (L.) Gaertn. Duranta erecta L. Duranta - Jan – Dec Medium Medium Gmelina arborea Gumhar, Gambari, Nov - Dec Medium Major Roxb. sivna Bhodropornni Lantana camara L. var. Wild sage, - Jan – Dec Minor Minor aculeata (L.) Mold. Lantana Phyla nodiflora (L.) Jalbutti, - Jan – Dec Major Minor Greene ninkhadi, bokkana Premna tomentosa Bastard teak Kotusumonthi, Mar - Jun Major Medium Willd. Moria
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Premna spp. konda-manga, Aguyabat, Mar - Jun Major Medium Aganyo, etc. Jalajali Stachytarpheta Bastard Jalajali Jun –Dec Medium Minor jamaicensis (L.) Vahl vervain Verbena officinalis L. Vervain - Jun – Jul Major Medium Vitex spp. Chaste tree, Beyguna, May –Jun Medium Medium etc. Begundia, Nurgundi Zingiberaceae Elettaria cardamomum Cardamom - May –Nov Major Medium (L.) Maton Zingiber spp. Ginger, etc. Banooda, Jun –Dec Minor Minor Vanardraka Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Land-caltrops - Jan - Dec Medium Medium
Bee flora of West Bengal
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Acanthaceae
Adhatoda vasica Nees Basak Vasaka May - Jan --- Minor
Hygrophila serpyllum (Nees) Kule Khara Jul - Sep --- Minor T. Anders
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Kanta Notey Prickly Jan - Feb Minor -- amaranthus
Anacardiaceae
Spondias pinnata Kurtz. Deshi Amrah Hog-plum Feb - Mar --- Minor
Anacardium occidentale Linn. Hijli Badam / Cashew nut Apl – May Minor Medium Kaju
Mangifera indica Linn. Aam Mango Feb - Mar Medium Medium
Apiaceae
Coriandrum sativam Linn. Dhoney Coriander Jun - Feb Major Major
Daucas carota Linn Gajar Carrot Mar - Apr Minor --
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Mouri Fennel Nov - Mar Minor
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Apocyanaceae
Alstonia scholaris R.Br. Chhatim Dita Bark Oct - Dec Minor
Arecaceae
Areca catechu Linn. Supari Betel nut Mar - Apr Minor --
Borassus flabellifer Linn. Taal Palmyra Feb - Mar Minor --
Cocos nucifera Linn. Narikel Coconut Jan - Dec Major Minor
Phoenix paludosa Roxb. Hintal --- Dec - Jan Major --
Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Khejur Wild dates Feb - Mar Major --
Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzoids Linn. Uchunti Goat weed May - Oct Minor Minor
Carthamus tinctorius Linn.. Kusum Phool Safflower Apr - May Minor Minor
Helianthus annuus Linn. Surajmukhi Sunflower Jan – Feb Major Major
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Mikania scandens Hook. Taralata --- Dec- Jan Medium
Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. Congress Congress Mar - Dec Minor -- grass grass
Tagetes erecta Linn. Ganda Marigold Almost Minor Minor
Tridax procumbens Linn. Tridaksha Apr – Aug Minor ----
Vernonia cineria Less Kukshim Purple Nov – Dec Minor Medium fleabane
Barringtoniaceae
Barringtonia acutrangula Gaertn. Hijal -- Apr-May, Minor Major Oct-Dec
Bombacaceae
Ceiba pentadra Linn. Swet Simul Silk cotton Dec – Jan Major Medium
Bombax ceiba Linn. Shimool Red Silk Dec – Jan Medium Minor cotton
Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea Linn. Rai Sarisha Mustard Dec – Feb Major Major
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Brassica napus Linn. Sarisha Rape seed Nov – Jan Major Major
Raphanus sativus Linn Mula, Mulo Radish Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia variegata Linn. Raktakanchan Kanchan Mar-Apr Minor Minor
Cassia fistula Linn. Bandar lathi Indian May – Jun Minor Minor Sonajuri Laburnum
Cassia tora Linn. Kalkasunda -- Sep – Oct Minor --
Delonix regia Rafin. Krishana- Gul Mohar Apr – Jan Medium Minor chura Flame tree
Tamarindus indica Linn. Tentul Tamarind May – Jun Minor Major
Cleomaceae
Cleome 29iscose Linn. Holdey Cleome May – Aug Minor -- hurhure
Combretaceae
Quisqualis indica Linn Brahmalata Rangoon May – Aug Minor Minor creeper
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Terminalia arjuna Wt. &Arn. Arjun Arjun May – Jun Medium Medium
Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Bhairah Belleric Mar-Apr Minor Medium myrobalan
Terminalia cattappa Linn. Deshi Badam Indian Apr – May Minor Minor almond
Terminelia chebula Retiz. Haritaki Chebula Feb-Mar Minor Minor
Commelinaceae
Commelina benghalensis Linn. Kansira Commelina Jul – Oct Minor Major
Cyanotis sp. ___ Cyanotis Jan – Sep Minor --
Cucurbitaceae
Citrullus lanatus Linn. Tarbuj Water melon Feb – May Medium Medium
Cucumis melo Linn. Karbuz Musk melon Apr – Jun Minor Minor
Cucumis sativus Linn. Sasha Kakadi Feb – Sep Medium Minor
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Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Mitha kumrah Pumkin Feb – Sep Medium Minor
Luffa acutangula Roxb. Jhinga Ribbed Apr-Aug Minor Minor guard
Luffa cylendrica MJRoem. Dhundul Cylendrical May-Jul Minor Minor guard
Momordica charantia Linn. Karola Bitter Guard Mar – Oct Minor Minor
Sechium edulis Sw. Squash Chow-chow Mar – May Medium Minor
Trichosanthes dioca Roxb. Patol Pointed Feb – Oct Minor ---- gourd
Cyperaceae
Cyperus rotundus Linn. Mutha Nut grass Nov – Feb Minor ---
Dilleniaceae
Dillenia indica Linn. Chalta Dillenia Jun – Jul Major Minor
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus lanceolatus Roxb. Bhatrachhe --- Dec-Jan Minor Medium
Elaeocarpus sikkimensis Bhatrachhe --- Dec-Jan Minor Medium
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Ericaceae
Rhododendron sp. Guraas Rhododendron Apr-May Medium Medium
Euphorbiaceae
Croton bonplandianum Bail. Jatalanka --- Jun – Sep Minor --
Emblica officinale Gaertn. Aamloki Amla Apr – May Minor Medium
Euphorbia hirta Linn. Barokherui Dhudi Minor
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Poinsettia / Nov – Dec Minor Minor Lal Pala
Macaranga pustulata King. Mallata ---- Jul-Aug Minor Minor
Ostodes paniculata Bl. Beparee --- Mar – Apr Minor Medium
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Fabaceae
Butea monosperma Taub Phalas Flame of the Feb-Mar Major --- forest
Cajanas cajan Millsp. Arahar Pigeon pea Jan – Mar Medium Medium
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sisu Rose wood Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Dolichos lablab Savi. Shim Beans Nov – Mar Minor Minor
Erythrina indica Lamk. Palita Coral tree Mar – Apr Minor Minor
Lathyrus sativus Linn, Khesari Grass pea Jan-Feb Minor Medium
Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Sonamung Green gram Feb – May Minor Minor
Phaseolus mungo Linn. Maskalai Black gram Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Pisum sativum Linn. Mator Peas Jan – Mar Minor Minor
Pongamia pinnata Pierre Karanja Indian Feb – Mar Minor Minor Beech tree
Sesbania grandiflora Linn. Dhanche Agathi Jul – Aug Medium Minor
Trigonella corniculata Linn Piring Kasuri-Methi Mar – Apr Minor Minor Banmethi
Fagaceae
Castanopsis indica A. DC. Catus Indian May-Jun Minor Minor Chestnut
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Lamiaceae
Leonurus ibiricus Linn. Rakta dron Mother wort Oct-Jan Minor Minor
Leucas aspera Spreng Sheta dron Gumma Aug-Oct Minor Minor
Leucas linifolia Spreng Halkasa Gumma Mar- Apr Minor --
Moschosma monosperma Baldingra -- Apr – May ---- Minor Oct – Nov
Ocimum basilicum Linn. Babu Tulsi Sweet basil July – Oct Minor Minor
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Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Ram Tulsi Shrubby Aug – Oct Minor Minor basil
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Kalo Tulsi Holy basil Jul – Oct Minor Minor
Lauraceae
Lindera neesiana Benth. Siltimur -- Nov-Jan Minor Medium
Litsea Sp. Sitambur -- Mar-May, Minor Medium Nov-Jan
Machilus edulis King. Lapche -- Nov –Dec Minor Medium kawala
Liliaceae
Allium cepa Linn. Pianj Onion Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Allium sativum Linn. Rasum Garlic Dec – Mar Minor Minor
Linaceae
Linum usitatisimum Lin. Tisi Linsedds Jan-Feb Minor Minor
Loranthaceae
Loranthus longiflorus Desr. Pargaccha Apr-May Minor ---
Lythaceae
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers Jarul Apr-May Minor Minor
Punica granatum Linn. Dalim Pomogranate Mar – Apr Minor --
Malvaceae
Sida cordifolia Linn. Berela Country May-Aug Minor -- Mallow
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Sida rhombifolia Linn. Lal berela --- May-Aug Minor --
Meliaceae
Azadiracta indica A. Juss Neem Neem Apr – May Minor Minor
Swetenia mahagoni Jacq. Mehagoni Mahagoni April – May Minor Minor
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Melisomaceae
Melisoma simplicifolia wall. Chiuri --- Nov-Jan Medium Minor
Mimosaceae
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Babul Acacia Apr – Jul Medium Minor
Acacia auriculaeiformis A. Aakashmoni Akasi Dec – Jan Medium Minor Cunn.
Albizia lebbeck Benth. Sirish Siris tree May – Jun Minor Medium
Leucaena Lucocephola Dc wit Subabool Mar April Minor --
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lamk. Sajina Drum stick Jan – Feb Medium Medium
Musaceae
Musa 33aradisiacal Linn. Kancha Kala Banana Jan-Dec __ Minor
Musa sapientum Linn Kala Banana Jan-Dec __ Minor
Myrsinaceae
Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco. Khalish Halsi Feb – Apr Minor Minor
Myrtaceae
Eugenia Formosa wall Ambake -- Oct-Nov Major Minor
Syzium cumini Skells Kalojaam Jamun Mar – Apr Major Major
Eucalyptus sp. Euca;yptus Eucalyptus Sep – Oct Minor Major
Psidium guajava Linn Peyara Guava Mar – May Minor Minor
Syzygium jambos Alston Golab Jaam Rose apple Dec – Feb Minor Minor
Syzygium malaccensis Jamrool Malay apple Nov – Feb Minor Minor Merril & Perry
Nelumbaceae
Nelumbo speciosum Willd. Padma Lotus May – Sep Minor Minor
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Nyctaginaceae
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Marabilis jalapa Linn. Krishnakali 4 O’ Clock May – Sep Minor ---
Oleaceae
Olea europea Lin Jalpai Olive tree Jun – Jul Medium Medium
Oxalidaceae
Averrhoa carambola Linn. Kamranga Three Sorrel Jun – Jul __ Minor
Papevaraceae
Argemone mexicana Linn. Shealkanta Mexican Feb – May Minor Minor poppy
Pedaliaceae
Seamum indicum Linn. Til Gingili May – Jun Major Major
Martynia anuua Linn. Bagh nakhi Tiger claw Jun-Aug Minor ---
Poaceae
Andropogon ascinoidis Chor Kanta Cattle grass Jul – Sep Minor --- C.B.Clarke
Bambusa arundinaceae Willd. Bansh Bamboo Feb – Mar Major ---
Cynodon dactilon Pers DurbaGhass Dhub grass May – Jul Minor --
Dendrocalamus strictus Nees Karti Solid Jan-Mar Major -- Mulibanash Bamboo
Oryza sativa Linn. Dhan Paddy Sep – Oct Minor -- Apr – May
Sorghum vulgare Linn. Jowar Pearl millet May- Jun Medium --
Poligonaceae
Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Arn. Coral May – Sep __ Medium creeper
Pontederiaceae
Eichhornia crassipes Salms Kochuripana Water Jun – Sep Minor Hyacinth
Ranunculaceae
Nigella sativa Linn. Kalojira Black cumin Feb – Mar Minor Major
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Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Rhaminaceae
Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Kool Jujube Sep – Oct P – Minor Major
Rizophoraceae
Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. Garan --- Apr – May __ Medium
Ceriops tagal C.B. Robins. Mot Garan --- Apr – May __ Medium
Rosaceae
Prunus armeniaca Linn Arucha Pear Mar – May Medium Medium (Nepali Lang)
Prunus nepalensis Steud. Aru Alu peach Mar – May Medium Medium (Nepali Lang)
Prunus cuminis Linn. Naspathi Peach Feb-Mar Minor Minor (Nepali Lang)
Rosa centifolia Linn. Golap Provence Nov – Mar Minor Minor rose
Rubiaceae
Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. Kadam Kadamba Jul – Aug Minor Minor
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos Correa. Bel Bael tree Apr – may Minor Minor
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle Batabi Labu Lemon Mar – Apr Medium Minor
Citrus medica Linn. Lebu, Nebu Malta Feb – Mar Medium Minor
Citrus sinensis Osbeck kamala Lebu Orange Mar – Apr Medium Major
Evodia fraxinifolia Hook f. Kanukpa --- Nov- Jan Minor Minor
Glycosmis pentaphylla DC Ash Shaorah Wild nimbu Sep – Oct Minor Medium
Limonia accidissima Linn. Kaith Bel Wood apple Apr-May Medium Minor
Murraya paniculata Jack Kamini China box Jul – Aug Minor Minor
Murraya koenigii Spreng Barsunga, Curry leaves Mar – Apr Minor Minor karipata
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Sapindaceae
Euphoria longan Steud. Aanshaphal Longan Feb – Mar Minor Medium
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Nephelium litchi Cambess Litchu Litchi Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Sapindus sp. Ankar -- Apr-May Minor Minor
Schleichera oleosa Oken Kusum Lac tree Feb-Mar Minor Medium
Sapotaceae
Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel Mahua Butter tree Mar-Apr Minor Minor
Mimusops elengi Linn. Bakul Bakula May – Jul --- Minor
Scrophulariaceae
Scoparia dulcis Linn. Ban Dhoney Sweet Aug – Oct Minor Minor broom weed
Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum Linn. Lanka Mirchi Dec – may Minor --
Datura inoxia Mill. Kalo Dhutura Thorn apple Sep – Feb Minor --
Datura metal Linn. Dhutara Thorn apple Sep – Feb Minor --
Solanum melongena Linn. Begun Brigjal Sep – Mar Minor --
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratia apetala Buch- Keora ---- Mar – May Minor Major Ham
Symplocas
Symplocas sp. Kharani Lodhra Apr-May Medium Medium
Theaceae
Schina wallichii Korth. Chilouni Needle Apr-May Minor Medium wood
Tiliaceae
Grewia asiatica Mast. Phalsa ---- Mar – Apr Minor Minor
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Typhaceae
Typha 37lephantine Roxb. Hogla Elephant Aug – Sep Major --- grass
Verbinaceae
Clerodendrum inreme Ghentu --- Feb – Apr Minor Medium Gaertn. Bhant
Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar period
Duranta repens Linn. Hedge Plant Durenta Jan - Aug Minor Minor
Gmelina arborea Linn Gumari Gumhar Mar - Apr Minor Minor
Vitex negundo Linn. Nishinda Hemp tree Apr - Jun Minor Minor
Zinziberaceae
Ammomum sp. Bara elaichi -- Mar-May Medium ----
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