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Releasing Constraints: Projecting the Economic Impacts of Increased Accessibility in Ontario EXHIBITS

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Releasing Constraints: Projecting the Economic Impacts of Increased Accessibility in Ontario EXHIBITS Releasing Constraints: Projecting the Economic Impacts of Increased Accessibility in Ontario EXHIBITS Exhibit 1 Percentage of overall population that is working aged 4 Exhibit 2 How standards can increase access to employment and education 7 Exhibit 3 Disability rates have increased in Canada and Ontario 8 Exhibit 4 Disability increases with age 8 Exhibit 5 Persons with disabilities are less likely to be in the labour force due to particpation rates 9 Exhibit 6 Average employment income in Ontario 15 years of age or older 10 Exhibit 7 Average employment income of persons with disabilities is lower than persons without disabilities and declining for adults 15 years of age or older 11 Exhibit 8 The gap in average employment income of persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities increase in Canada and Ontario in 2006 11 Exhibit 9 Highest level of educational attainment of persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities 12 Exhibit 10 Disability rates for major surveys 13 Exhibit 11 Overall participation increases 15 Exhibit 12 What-if analysis: Modified labour force 16 Exhibit 13 Total increase in employment income due to higher participation of persons with disabilities 17 Exhibit 14 Total benefit to Ontario’s economy: Increase in employment income and decrease in ODSP payments due to higher participation of persons with disabilties 17 Exhibit 15 Impact on Ontario’s economy: Increase in GDP per capita due to higher participation of persons with disabilities 18 Exhibit 16 Total increase in employment income due to higher educational attainment of persons with disabilities 18 Exhibit 17 Increase in GDP per capita due to higher educational attainment of persons with disabilities 19 Exhibit 18 Forecast change in share of Ontario’s total income from 2006 to 2031 for persons with disabilities and people over 55 24 Exhibit 19 Total income projections for persons with a disability and/or over the age of 55 25 Exhibit 20 Five year forecast of the economic impact of AODA on expenditures in the tourism industry: Three projections, number of tourists per year remains constant 30 Exhibit 21 Five year forecast of the economic impact of AODA on expenditures in the tourism industry: Three projections, number of tourists per year increases due to improved accessibility 31 Exhibit 22 Five year retail sales forecast of impact of AODA on sales 33 Exhibit 23 Porter’s Diamond 34 Exhibit 24 Industry clusters in Ontario by city-region 36 Exhibit 25 Occupational rankings 37 Exhibit 26 Private businesses and associations involved in either the production or promotion of products and issues related to accessibility 38 Exhibit 27 Porter’s Diamond: Summary of results 39 Exhibit 28 Economic exclusion 45 Exhibit 29 Persistent poverty and income inequality 46 Exhibit 30 Tangible costs of high school non-completion in Canada 48 Exhibit 31 Other government income (not EI, CPP or CTB) for Canadians & Ontarians aged 15 and over 50 ii CONTENTS About the three collaborating research bodies ii Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Global perspective: The position of Ontario in the world 2 A brief comment: The impact of the global economic turmoil since 2008 3 Ontario’s prosperity—a long term commitment 3 Where the report will focus and why 4 Section 1: The Economic Impact of AODA on Individual Ontarians 6 Who are persons with disabilities? 7 Employment income 9 Educational attainment 10 The economic impact of AODA: What-if analysis 12 Section 2: Impact of AODA on Ontario’s markets 20 Increased productivity and ID 21 Increased innovation 23 Extended workforce participation 23 Further possible impacts of AODA : How inclusion and diversity drives growth 26 The projected impact of AODA on tourism 29 Porter’s cluster model and inclusive design in Ontario 33 Ontario markets—a summary 41 Section 3: Social Costs and Benefits of AODA 44 The price tag of exclusion 45 The vicious cycle of exclusion or the virtuous cycle of inclusion 47 Case study—Elliot Lake 53 Conclusion 55 Greater earnings 55 Readiness for future markets 55 Releasing the potential of Ontario’s economy 55 A policy opportunity 55 Bibliography 56 Interviews 59 List of acronyms 59 Appendices 60 Acknowledgments 69 iii ABOUT THE THREE COLLABORATING RESEARCH BODIES The Martin Prosperity Institute (MPI) is the world’s lead- ing think-tank on the role of sub-national factors—location, place and city-regions – in global economic prosperity. It takes an integrated view of prosperity, looking beyond economic measures to include the importance of quality of place and the development of people’s creative potential. The overarching goal of the Adaptive Technology Resource Centre (ATRC) (soon to be reconstituted as the Inclusive De- sign Institute (IDI) at OCAD University, (http://inclusivedesign. ca), is to help ensure that emerging information technology and practices are designed inclusively from the very beginning. It defines inclusive design as design that enables and supports the participation of individuals and groups representing the full range of human diversity. It sees disability as a mismatch between the needs of the individual and the service, educa- tion, tools or environment provided, and accessibility as the adaptability of the system to the need’s of each individual. The research, development, education and services of the ATRC/IDI are all grounded in this principle. The Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity (ICP)is an independent, not-for-profit organization that deepens public understanding of macro and microeconomic factors behind Ontario’s economic progress. It is funded by the Government of Ontario and mandated to share its research findings directly with the public. iv | Releasing Constraints: Projecting the Economic Impacts of Increased Accessibility in Ontario EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study, commissioned by the Government of Ontario, examines the potential economic impact of achieving substantially higher levels of accessibility. In 2010, the Province will introduce five proposed standards through which the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA), 2005 will be implemented. These standards are intended to achieve substantially higher levels of acessibility. Our study reviews the economic impact of increased accessibility on individuals, on markets, and on social units. We find that there are opportunities at all three levels to realize non-trivial economic gains through enabling a higher number of Ontarians to participate fully in the province’s economy. The most significant potential gains could be realized in workplaces and schools. Enabling increased workforce participation among persons with disabilities (PwD) will not only increase their individual and family income, but it could also increase the GDP per capita in Ontario by up to $600 per annum. As new standards are implemented to enable PwD to achieve parity with aver- age educational achievement in Ontario, there could be an additional boost to Ontario’s GDP per capita of up to $200. While the study does not examine the relationship between specific policy inputs and these outcomes, our research clearly indicates that there are large pools of untapped human capital that could help drive Ontario’s prosperity. Ontario’s businesses can benefit from these standards in three ways. First, increased access to retail and tourism opportunities would result in accelerated growth in these sectors. Second, a number of Ontario regions have the capacity to support significant clusters of accessibility-focused businesses able to serve global markets. Third, our universities, colleges and other institutions can help educate the next generation of workers and develop new intellectual property that can prepare businesses to compete in the growing number of markets defined by accessibility requirements. Finally, we review research on the costs of social exclusion. We found that exclusion exacts significant costs from the entire province through increased health care demands and poverty related social problems. These costs are not entirely absorbed by PwD, but have a significant impact on the families and communities which provide support to them. We do not have the capacity to evaluate the potential impact of specific policy initiatives or to recommend particular elements be included in the standards. What we have learned, however, leads us to conclude that every day that people who want to learn cannot, people who want to work do not, and businesses that wish to serve these markets must wait to see what will be required, Ontario is losing extremely valuable contributions from its citizens. Releasing the constraints that limit full participation in the economy will create a significant force for economic growth. Executive Summary | 1 INTRODUCTION Since that time, the government’s role has shifted from being the custodian of Ontarians with disabilities to being the guarantor of the rights of all persons to employment, housing and services (Jongbloed, 2003). The Province’s path toward increased participation by a more diverse range of its citizens has led to increased demand for accessible workplaces, better signage, more reliable forms of public transportation, The Province of Ontario is introducing software that can be customized more easily, accessible social and recreational events, and five draft standards to provide a basis for facilities and businesses that are welcoming the implementation of the Accessibility for to all. Each of these demands drives new Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA), 2005. incremental
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