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LIVING INSIDE MOBILE SOCIAL INFORMATION LIVING INSIDE MOBILE SOCIAL INFORMATION Edited by James E. Katz Division of Emerging Media Studies College of Communication Boston University Living Inside Social Mobile Information Copyright © 2014 by Trustees of Boston University All rights reserved. Published and Printed by Greyden Press. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, pho- tocopied, recorded, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author. ISBN 978-1-57074-128-9 LCCN 2014943845 Printed in the United States of America Published and Printed By: Greyden Press, LLC 2251 Arbor Blvd. Dayton, OH 45439 www.greydenpress.com Contents Preface and Acknowledgements vii Part 1: Theoretical Framework 1. Introduction, Anshul Jain 3 2. The Case of the Disappearing Phone: Implications of Google Glass for the Embedding of Mobile Communication, Rich Ling, Scott Campbell, Joseph B. Bayer 23 3. Homo ludicus on the Move. Play, Mobility and the Fragmentation of Time, Peppino Ortoleva 43 4. The New Frontiers of Mobile Media: Theoretical Insights on Their Possible Developments, Leopoldina Fortunati 57 5. The Relationship is the Medium: Understanding Media in a Mobile Age, Juan Miguel Aquado and Inmaculada J. Martinez 77 Part 2: In the Field 6. Living Inside Location-Aware Mobile Social Information The Pragmatics of Foursquare Notifications, Christian Licoppe 109 7. Synergies between Head-Mounted Displays and Head-Mounted Eye Tracking: The Trajectory of Development and its Social Consequences, Rich Ling Diako Mardanbegi, and Dan Witzner Hansen 131 v vi Living Inside Social Mobile Information 8. Beyond the Phone Number: Challenges of Representing Informal Microenterprise on the Internet, Jonathan Donner and Andrew Maunder 159 9. Maps of Attractions and Conflicts: Some Implications of Socially Networked Spatial Annotation for Socio-Spatial Production Processes, Matteo Tarantino 193 10. Put a Face to a Name: The Use of Photographs in Health Information Systems to Reduce Anonymity and Improve Communication, Lora Appel and Robert Wu 217 11. Employers’ Use of Online Reputation and Social Network Sites in Job Applicant Screening and Hiring, Somaya Ben Allouch, Nalini Kotamraju, and Kirsten van Wingerden 247 12. Occupying the Commons: A Practice for Citywide Resilience, Natalia Radywyl 269 Part 3: Conclusion 13. The Cell and the Self: If We Slice and Dice Ourselves, Do We End Up as Frankenstein?, James E. Katz 301 Preface and Acknowledgments On a delightful April day in 2013, on the banks of Boston’s Charles River (where some of Massachusetts’ finest universities are located), a talented group of international scholars gathered to consider how the increasingly mobile nature of information technology is affecting human interaction and social organization. The conference, like this book, had the title Living Inside Mobile Social Information. Each of those words is important. The term living points to the enacted nature of the process, while inside connotes both the internal and integrated nature of the experience of having mobile technology in one’s life, as well as the fact that practically all people are now part of the mobile culture. It is simply assumed that one can and should be available and reachable—if not by anyone, at least by someone; one can no longer be “outside” of mobile communication. Social denotes the human context of the word information, and their pairing indicates that the data which constitutes information flows through human lives and is therefore interpreted by people seeking to make meaning out of the material. In the saturated world of mobile communication, there is only “inside,” and the “outside” from which we can gain an external perspective is vanishing. However, much knowledge can be gleaned from being insiders. Using a metaphor drawn from the local scene near Boston University, we can invoke the famous stained glass Mapparium at the Mary Baker Eddy Library, part of the Christian Science Center in Back Bay, Boston. Opened to the public in 1935, this three-story structure allows one to stand in the center of a three-dimensional, stained glass globe and take in a 360° view of the Earth’s surface. Commentators have noted that the Mapparium vii viii Living Inside Social Mobile Information is without equal in the world: this dome is unique in that it is the only existing platform from which an observer can see the Earth’s face undistorted by the effects of positional perspective. As the Atlas Obscura website notes in their section on this captivating landmark, even when looking at an ordinary globe, perspective distorts the relative sizes of relationships among the continents. Although we cannot make a similarly bold claim for the papers presented in this volume, we nonetheless trust that they give the reader at least some new perspectives on the world in which we live. And, of course, the views presented—unlike those available in the Mapparium—are affected by the selectivity and perspectives of the authors and editor, as well as of course the limitations of the data. Still, we put them forward as one in a continuing series of steps to better understand and analyze the world of communication around us. It is a perspective offered from the inside. This Living in Mobile Social Information workshop and book was sponsored by the Division of Emerging Media Studies at Boston University’s College of Communication and cosponsored by Microsoft Research and Motorola Mobility. It would certainly not have been possible without the generous encouragement and support of many people. Colleagues Deven Desai, Nancy Baym, and Rick Whitt passionately applied their efforts to support the workshop and contributed fruitfully to it. We acknowledge with gratitude the support of Microsoft Research New England and Motorola Mobility. Dean Tom Fiedler of BU’s College of Communication gave great encouragement as we moved forward with this particular project. Elizabeth Crocker, Allison Hoyt, Anshul Jain, and Kim Relick were instrumental in helping the meeting earn high praise from the participants. Allison Keir provided dynamic assistance at every level, and made myriad logistical details come together seamlessly. Those who participated in the event included Juan Miguel Aguado, Lora Appel, Emilio Arruda, Nancy Baym, Jeffrey Boase, Joe Bayer, Scott Campbell, André Caron, Letizia Caronia, Richard Chalfen, Yi-Fan Chen, Deven Desai, Jonathan Donner, Thomas Fiedler, Leopoldina Fortunati, Jacob Groshek, Ichiyo Habuchi, Matthew Hibberd, Anshul Jain, Allison Keir, Christian Licoppe, Rich Ling, Misa Matsuda, Keita Matsushita, Peppino Ortoleva, Natalia Radywyl, James Shanahan, Satomi Sugiyama, Matteo Living Inside Social Mobile Information ix Tarantino, and Eriko Uematsu. My thanks goes to all those who participated in the workshop and helped make it a lively exploration of ideas. We are indebted to our international scientific advisory board. Many members were able to attend the event itself, but we acknowledge here those who were not. They include Naomi Baron, Genevieve Bell, András Benedek, Gerard Goggin, Joachim Höflich, Yu-li Liu, Jari Multisilta, Vic Nalwa, Kristóf Nyíri, and Elin Rønby Pedersen. As a closing note, this book is available online and downloadable as a PDF. Further information may be found at http://www.bu.edu/ com/mobile-life-workshop/proceedings.html. Physical copies may be purchased at a nominal charge by contacting: Administrator, Division of Emerging Media Studies College of Communication 640 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 USA Comments are welcome, and I may be contacted at katz2020@ bu.edu. James E. Katz, PhD Feld Family Professor of Emerging Media College of Communication Boston University Boston, MA 02215 USA Part 1 Theoretical Framework 1 Introduction: Reaching Beyond the Mobile Social Frontier by Anshul Jain, Boston University This book presents selected research papers from the Living Inside Mobile Social Information (LIMSI) conference held at Boston University from April 29th to 30th, 2013. The workshop was hosted by the Division of Emerging Media Studies, which is a newly inaugurated academic unit housed within Boston University’s College of Communication. The chapters here represent both the cutting edge of mobile social media studies as well as the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of contemporary communication research—it would be injudicious and counterproductive to force this collection of research topics into strictly confined categories. As infrastructure for mobile technology advances, it grows more interconnected with other systems, affecting ever-wider portions of our existence. (Here, in discussing “existence,” we can point to the economic, political, social, cultural, ethical, and philosophical levels of human enterprise that it encompasses.) In contrast with so many other fields, mobile social media studies are notable for the absence of a set of shared questions to guide research. Further, as this fascinating field continues to grow, the evidence becomes stronger that traditional individual disciplines such as economics, 3 4 Living Inside Social Mobile Information political science, and sociology—or even more recent arrivals such as communication—do not address many important queries on their own. While individual disciplines propose essential building blocks towards greater understanding, coordinated strategies are needed. Scholars of the unique subfield of mobile social communication must somehow handle the challenges of combining specific pieces of knowledge from