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Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library the Association for Diplomatic Studies and T Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Service Lyndon Baines Johnson Library The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training oreign Affairs Oral History Pro$ect ASSISTANT SECRETARY LUCIUS D. BATTLE Interviewed by: Paige E. Mulhollan Initial interview date: November 14, 1968 TABLE OF CONTENTS Assistant Secretary of State for Education and Cultural Affairs 1962-1964 Prior role as ,.P. of Colonial .illiamsburg Dean Acheson relations with Lyndon Johnson Jac0 1ennedy relations with Senator Johnson Relations with Lyndon Johnson Loyalty 2disloyalty3 of 1ennedy associates to President Johnson Egypt 4 Ambassador 1964-1966 Senator ulbright support issue Successor 2as Assistant Secretary3 Harry 5cPherson Relations with President Johnson American library burned Nasser aids Congo rebels Nasser6s 7drin0 the sea8 speech PL 480 wheat deal Shelepin visit to Egypt Strained relations John 5ecom plane shot down Short-term vs. long-term commitments to Egypt Nasser speech-ma0ing Nasser views on President Johnson State Department - Assistant Secretary for Near East Affairs 1967-1968 Job rumors Gree0 coup U.S. reaction to Gree0 coup Yemen crisis - U.S. citizens held Andreas Papandreou Arab nations aid to Nasser Egypt involvement in Yemen Arab-Israeli 1967 war Nasser and Yemen Nasser loses control Nasser6s call for UNE Troop withdrawal President Johnson6s involvement in 1967 war NSC-State cooperation Congressional briefings US involvement in 1967 war Tripartite declaration relevance Johnson Administration Arab-Israel stance Soviet Union status in 5id-East Aswan Dam issue Straits of Tiran U.S. support of Israel issue Palestine as moral issue Cyprus crisis U.S.-Gree0 relations U.S.-Tur0ish relations Gree0-Tur0ish dispute over Cyprus Cyrus ,ance and Cyprus mission Telecom negotiations Johnson letter to Gree0s and Tur0s .ar averted CENTO Eisenhower Doctrine ,ietnam issue Aionist role India-Pa0istan rivalry Communism in 5iddle East 5iddle East arms problems U.S. policy concerning Gree0 coup Gree0 rulers U.S. liberals6 views on issues Andreas Papandreou6s imprisonment Israel-,ietnam comparison President Johnson6s use of outside talent President Johnson-Battle relations President Johnson6s diplomatic style and effectiveness Eastern Establishment - what is itB Battle 7Personal Papers8 Post retirement from oreign Service 1968 ,isit to Egypt Nasser6s position INTERVIEW : Let"s identify you in time and position here. When Mr. Johnson became President, you were serving as Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs. BATTLEC ThatDs correct. : ,ou had been appointed by President Kennedy. BATTLEC I was appointed by President 1ennedy in 5ay of 1962 to that job. : Had you had before that time any opportunity to ma0e ac1uaintance with Mr. Johnson before he became President. BATTLEC .ell, I was trying to remember today when I first met him, and I donDt really recall when that was. I saw him several times while he was ,ice President, but I thin0 my first awareness of him, not as a Senator or figure, but as a person and as a personality, really was 1957. Dean Acheson is one of my closest friendsG I wor0ed for him as his assistant while he was Secretary of State. And I recall coming to .ashington--I was then vice president of colonial .illiamsburg. : How could anybody leave that job. I visited there not long ago. I believe if I ever got down there I"d retire happily. BATTLEC .ell, I had it a little too early in my own life. It was a lovely job. It was too lovely. I wasnDt Huite ready to have that 0ind of retirement. I may be nearer ready now, but I wasnDt then. : I didn"t mean to interrupt you, but that seems to me li0e the ultimate of accomplishments. BATTLEC .ell, it was a good job, a wonderful job. But I came up during 1957 to stay with the Achesons. I was ma0ing a couple of speeches here and we were going to spend several days with the Achesons. And I remember at brea0fast--the first morning that we were there--Dean Acheson had a telephone call in the middle of brea0fast and went out and then came bac0 to the table. And he said to me, IThat was Senator Lyndon Johnson.I And he said, IIDm wor0ing very closely with him on the new civil rights bill,I which Acheson--somewhat to my surprise because I hadnDt been aware of any particular interest of his in this--he evidenced an interest also. And he said when he came bac0 that Senator Johnson was really Huite a remar0able man and he had en$oyed enormously his relationship with him on that particular bill. That was the first time--while I had of course 0nown the name and been aware of him--it was the first time I had really discussed him with someone who 0new him well and at the 0ind of level that made it Huite important. Over the next two or three years I tal0ed with Dean Acheson and many others about him. And I remember that prior to the Convention of 1960, Acheson told me that he really thought that Johnson was the best candidate for President, and that that was his candidate, and he was for him. I was somewhat surprisedG I was not at that particular point one who supported Senator Johnson for the PresidencyG I had no feeling about it one way or another. I found myself in support of 1ennedy and yet from the tal0s that I had with Acheson and others, I developed a very real interest in Senator Johnson and later that developed into a very deep respect and admiration for him, particularly as I had the opportunity to 0now him in later years and to be with him. : Do you 0now if Mr. Acheson played any role as a campaigner for Johnson in 1960 prior to the convention. BATTLEC I donDt thin0 so. As I recall, he did not. He never ta0es a very active role in politics except on the sidelines. He did ma0e it very clear to many people, the press and others, that he felt this way. It was carried in the press at the time that Senator Johnson was his choice, and he stuc0 with this for Huite a long time. IDll let him spea0 for himself on his attitudes toward Senator 1ennedyG he and I taped for that particular pro$ect together. : Oh, did you. BATTLEC Yes, we spent a whole day taping for the 1ennedy Library. I try not to spea0 for other peopleG I only spea0 for myself. But I tal0ed with him at some length about this, and I 0now and I have no hesitation in saying--because it was a matter of public record-- that at that time he favored Senator Johnson for the President, and I thin0 this attitude went on all during that period. But the degree to which he was active I thin0 was somewhat limitedG he was not particularly engaged in political pursuits at that stage although he was on the Democratic Study Group, or the Policy Committee I guess it was called. And he was involved in that over those years in which the Republicans were in office and the Democrats were out. 5y own involvement with later ,ice President Johnson was somewhat peripheral. I really 0new him only later when he became President, although I had one or two little contacts with him while he was ,ice President. I recall fairly early in the 1ennedy era--I came bac0, incidentally, to government to be Special Assistant to Dean Rus0 and Executive Secretary of the Department of State. And during that period of about two years Dean Rus0 was very concerned that we ma0e available in the Department of State to the ,ice President and his office all that they wanted in terms of material and telegrams and reports and what have you. : Was a man assigned to brief the 6ice President periodically. BATTLEC Yes, there were several people who wor0ed with him during that early period. Bob S0iff was one who was with him for a short time. He was there for awhileG his job was not really to brief particularly, but to see that the ,ice President and his office had everything that he wanted. I remember having a lunch with George Reedy and one or two other people in the very early days of the 1ennedy era to see what we could do as a Department to 0eep the ,ice President informed and to ma0e available everything that he wanted. And we set up a procedure then to send over documents and summaries and briefing material and what have you to go to the ,ice PresidentDs office. And Bob S0iff was for a time sort of a leg man between the Department of State and the ,ice PresidentDs office. I saw him during that period from time to timeG I saw him in several periods when there were 0ey issues on international affairs before usG he came to numerous meetings at the Department of StateG I sat in on several of them. I was too lowly to have much direct contact with him, but I spo0e with him on a number of occasions. I occasionally saw him socially during that period, once in awhile at Embassy parties. .e had a group, I recall, that was called the Potomac 5arching Society, which is little 0nown in .ashington, but it was a group of people--we had dances about three or four times a year--and the group consisted of Soapy KG. 5ennenL .illiams, 5ac K5cGeorgeL Bundy and Arthur Schlesinger and a group--the list is of no importance, but there were a lot of people who were closely connected with the Administration, with the change, and he and 5rs.
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