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World Water Day March-2016 PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CONGRESS THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL FOR THE 74TH SESSION PRESIDENT Engr. Ch. Ghulam Hussain Immediate Past President Engr. Iftkhar Ahmad (President 73rd Session) VICE PRESIDENTS 1 Engr. Husnain Ahmad 6 Engr. Ch. Muhammad Arif 2 Engr. R. K. Anver 7 Engr. Akhtar Abbas Khawaja 3 Engr. Ijaz Ahmad Cheema 8 Engr. Syed shehzad Raza 4 Engr. Dr. Izhar-ul-Haq 9 Engr. Muhammad Amin 5 Engr. Tariq Rasheed Wattoo Office Bearers 1 Engr. Nayyar Saeed Secretary 2 Engr. Ch. Muhammad Aamir Ali Joint Secretary 3 Engr. Najam Waheed Treasurer 4 Engr. Capt. (R) M. Qadir Khan Publicity Secretary 5 Engr. Amjad Saeed Business Manager Executive Council Members 1 Engr. Riaz Ahmad Khan 17 Engr. Khalid Javed 2 Engr. Syed Abdul Qadir Shah 18 Engr. Najam Waheed 3 Engr. Syed Mansoob Ali Zaidi 19 Engr. Ahmad Nadeem 4 Engr. Iftikhar ul Haq 20 Engr. Anwar Ahmad 5 Engr. Abdul Khaliq Khan 21 Engr. Muhammad Usman 6 Engr. Pervaiz Iftikhar 22 Engr. Brig. (R) Sohail Ahmad Qureshi 7 Engr. Sheikh Muhammad Saeed 23 Engr. Muhammad Ibrahim Tahir Malik 8 Engr. Tahir Anjum Qureshi 24 Engr. Jamil Ahmad Basra 9 Engr. Brig. Farooq Murawat 25 Engr. Mashhadi Hussain Zaidi 10 Engr. Latif Khan 26 Engr. Liaquat Hussain 11 Engr. M. Anwar Qaseem Qureshi 27 Engr. Syed Nafasat Raza 12 Engr. Capt. (R) M. Qadir Khan 28 Engr. Muhammad Sharif Shah 13 Engr. Ali Arshad Hakeem 29 Engr. Atiq ur Rehman 14 Engr. Dr. Muhammad Saeed 30 Engr. Jahangir Larik 15 Engr. Syed Anwar ul Hassan 31 Engr. Faisal Shahzad 16 Engr. Amjad Saeed I World Water Day March-2016 II World Water Day March-2016 WORLD WATER DAY MARCH – 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. Title of Paper Author Page No. No. i 1 Address of Welcome on Engr. Ch. Ghulam Hussain World Water Day, March – President Pakistan Engineering 2016 Congress 2 Application of M. Mohsin Munir and 1 Computational Flow Javed Munir Dynamics (CFD) Analysis for Surge Inception and Propagation for Low Head Hydropower Projects 3 Temporal Variation in Asim Rauf Khan and 13 Ablation Rate of Pasu Muhammad Ashraf Glacier in the Karakoram Range, Pakistan 4 Assessment of Water Anza Farooq, 29 Quality and Efficiency of Dr. Abdullah Yasar Public Drinking Water Dr. Amtul Bari Tabinda Filtration Plants in Lahore Arrfa Sikandar and Zara Anjum 5 Industrial Waste Water Engr. Dr. Muhammad Saeed 43 Quality of Gujranwala Engr. Syed Javed Sultan Area Engr. Hafeez-ur-Rehman Engr. Khalid Bashir Butt, Engr. Muhammad Khuram 6 Ground Water Recharge Engr. Riaz Nazir Tarar 57 and National Context 7 Water Resources Dr. Engr. Izhar-ul-Haq 79 Development Creates Job Opportunities I World Water Day March-2016 8 Groundwater Ghulam Zakir Hassan 87 Management Through Ghulam Shabir and Artificial Recharge-A Faiz Raza Hassan Potential for Jobs 9 Rainwater Harvesting Dr. Muhammad Nawaz 109 Potential in Pothoohar, Bhutta Punjab Dr. Saleem Sarwar 10 Safe Drinking Water; an Nouraiz Nazar 125 Ongoing Challenge in Lahore 11 Meeting Challenges of Abdul Khaliq Khan and 135 Floods & Droughts Shahzad Ghafoor 12 Turning Water Dr. Naveed Alam 147 Technology into Business 13 The Eastern Divide (An Engr. Usman-e-Ghani 161 Economic Rotulus on Ravi, Sutlej and Beas) 14 Effect of Over pumping Zamir Ahmed Soomro and 183 on Shallow Groundwater Usman Iqbal Aquifer – A Case Study II World Water Day March-2016 Engr. Ch. Ghulam Hussain President 74th Session i World Water Day March-2016 ii World Water Day March-2016 ADDRESS OF WELCOME By ENGR. CH. GHULAM HUSSAIN PRESIDENT PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CONGRESS On WORLD WATER DAY, 2016 on Monday, 28th March, 2016 at Pakistan Engineering Congress Lahore Venerable Chief Guest, Engr. Shamsul Mulk Distinguished Delegates Members of Pakistan Engineering Congress, Fellow Engineers, Ladies and Gentlemen! Assalam-o-Alaikum It gives me immense pride to apprise that Pakistan Engineering Congress has a unique distinction of commemorating World Water Day, along with the world since 2005 on the universally laid down themes. Not only this, the papers presented at these events from the Congress Forum have been published and distributed complimentary to all concerned in particular the Federal / Provincial Govt. Departments along with the recommendations formulated by the panel of experts. Ladies and Gentlemen! We are globally witnessing a technological revolution in all spheres of life like Super computers, Robotic manufacturing, Bullet trains shortening long distances, Air-travel network, connecting all corners of the world. Agricultural and Industrial advancement and standards of living where luxuries have become necessities. Emerging economies like China, India and others are challenging the elite economic powers through planned socio-economic development of their national resources, enhanced agricultural / industrial production, expansion of means of communication and transport and accelerated exports of goods and services. In such a challenging scenario, Pakistan cannot allow itself the continued lethargy, ill-planning and criminal negligence in exploitation of its Water Potential i World Water Day March-2016 direly needed for bringing waste land under cultivation and generation of cheap hydel energy, to run its wheels of industry and accelerated industrial advancement to provide a decent living to its people and to ensure food security for its rising population. Ladies and Gentlemen! The present population of the world is about 7-billion and is visualized to touch 9-billion markwith only one planet for existence. Experts have visualized that amongst other amenities of life, it would require 70% increase in food production. Pakistan’s population of 198 million is expected to touch a massive figure of 221 million by 2025. The increase in food production by 50% would be an uphill task. In this connection, the following remarks of a World Bank Report are pertinent; “The Agriculture sector suffers from water shortage, frequent drought and poor farming practices, expose the rural communities to high vulnerability, especially women and children” In order to ensure food security, poverty alleviation and opening up vast channels of employment, we have perforce to embark upon a massive efforts for preservation / conservation of Water Resources and above all optimum utilization of the Water Potential of the Country. Ladies and Gentlemen! The world is conscious of the immense significance of the precious water resources, both surface water and ground water resources. They have constructed numerous dams on each of their rivers, thereby using it for bringing additional lands under cultivation and for generation of cheap hydro power to boost industrial production for internal consumption and exporting goods for earning valuable foreign exchange. Let us see what is the scenario in Pakistan. Ladies & Gentlemen! We were destined to put in place one mega reservoir after every 10 years but unluckily failed to construct even one such dam over the last 40 years due to which we are today facing massive energy deficit and are on the brink of a water starved Country. 30-35 MAF water every year flowed into the sea over the years without any productive use in agricultural, generation of cheap electricity and industrial development, etc. Pakistan has only 30-days storage facility in dams compared to 220-days storage in India & 1000 days in Egypt. According to International Standards 40% of the river flows are required to be stored. Pakistan have only 13.29 MAF storage against 58 MAF, a dismal position. ii World Water Day March-2016 We have not spared even the ground water resources 1-million tube wells are extracting water, without any regulatory frame-work, and without adequate re- charge system which is resulting in steep fall in water tables. Hill torrents produce 18 MAF water out of which 13 MAF can be used for bringing waste land under cultivation but no progress has been made resulting in flash floods and destructions during in last 6-7 decades. Ladies & Gentleman! RECOMMENDATIONS AND WAY FORWARD The Framework In the wake of the water crisis looming large, urgent need for sustainable development and management of water resources in Pakistan cannot be over- emphasized. Towards this end the principles and guidelines of sustainable development have to be adopted. These include conservation of available water resources, infrastructure optimization, institutional restructuring, better governance, caring for the poor and unprivileged sections of the society, public participation and stewardship to enable the future generations to meet their needs. Surface Water Management As a result of population growth, the surface water availability which was more than 5000 cubic meters per capita in 1950, has now (2016) reduced to about 1000 m3 per person. Pakistan is at the threshold of being water scarce country. Pakistan is mining about 50 MAF of ground water to meet the domestic agriculture demand. The current rate of ground water extraction is more than what is being recharged resulting in diminishing aquifer. If not regulated this would not be sustainable. Pakistan has the largest and the oldest contiguous irrigation system. After diversion of water at various barrages, 30 MAF of water, on the average, goes down the last barrage into the Arabian Sea every year. Climate and freshwater systems are inter-connected in complex ways. Any change in one of these systems induces a change in the other. It is projected that there will be rise in temperature to the tune of 4 degrees Celsius by the end of current century in the Indus Plains. The impact of climate change on the snow and ice regimes of the Upper Indus Basin which provide more than 70% of the river runoff, also adds uncertainty to Pakistan water system. Water use, in particular irrigation water use, generally increases with temperature. If this be the case, then in Pakistan where water use is dominated by irrigation and accounts for more than 90% of total consumptive water use, we have to take pre-emptive measures to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on water resources.
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  • Dams of India.Cdr

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    eBook IMPORTANT DAMS OF INDIA List of state-wise important dams of India and their respective rivers List of Important Dams in India Volume 1(2017) Dams are an important part of the Static GK under the General Awareness section of Bank and Government exams. In the following eBook, we have provided a state-wise list of all the important Dams in India along with their respective rivers to help you with your Bank and Government exam preparation. Here’s a sample question: In which state is the Koyna Dam located? a. Gujarat b. Maharashtra c. Sikkim d. Himachal Pradesh Answer: B Learning the following eBook might just earn you a brownie point in your next Bank and Government exam. Banking & REGISTER FOR A Government Banking MBA Government Exam 2017 Free All India Test 2 oliveboard www.oliveboard.in List of Important Dams in India Volume 1(2017) LIST OF IMPORTANT DAMS IN INDIA Andhra Pradesh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Nagarjuna Sagar Dam (also in Telangana) Krishna Somasila Dam Penna Srisailam Dam (also in Telangana) Krishna Arunachal Pradesh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Ranganadi Dam Ranganadi Bihar NAME OF THE DAM 2 RIVER Nagi Dam Nagi Chhattisgarh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango Dam Hasdeo Gujarat NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Kadana Dam Mahi Karjan Dam Karjan Sardar Sarover Dam Narmada Ukai Dam Tapi 3 oliveboard www.oliveboard.in List of Important Dams in India Volume 1(2017) Himachal Pradesh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Bhakra Dam Sutlej Chamera I Dam Ravi Kishau Dam Tons Koldam Dam Sutlej Nathpa Jhakri Dam Sutlej Pong Dam Beas Jammu & Kashmir NAME