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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2017/0131009 A1 Harkins (43) Pub

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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2017/0131009 A1 Harkins (43) Pub US 2017013 1009 A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2017/0131009 A1 Harkins (43) Pub. Date: May 11, 2017 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CIOM OS/38 (2006.01) RETROFITTING AREFRGERATION F2SB 3L/00 (2006.01) i.e. HCFC TO HFC C09K 5/04 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (71) Applicant: Hudson Technologies, INc., Pearl CPC ............ F25B 45/00 (2013.01); F25B 31/002 River, NY (US) (2013.01); C09K5/045 (2013.01); CIOM (72) Inventor: Charles Harkins, Hampstead, NH (US) 105/38 (2013.01); C10M 171/008 (2013.01); F25B 2345/001 (2013.01); F25B 2345/007 (21) Appl. No.: 15/255,826 (2013.01); C09K 2205/22 (2013.01); C09K 2205/122 (2013.01); C09K 2205/43 (2013.01); (22) Filed: Sep. 2, 2016 CIOM 2207/2835 (2013.01); CION 2240/30 Related U.S. Application Data (2013.01); CION 2220/302 (2013.01) 63) Continuation of application No. 147877,609, filed on (63) Oct. 7, 2015, p Pat. No. 9,435,575, which is a (57) ABSTRACT continuation of application No. 14/744,776, filed on A system and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system Jun. 19, 2015. containing an HCFC refrigerant and a compatible lubricant, (60) Provisional application No. 62/032,129, filed on Aug. with an HFC refrigerant, comprising providing a transport 1, 2014, provisional application No. 62/017.530, filed container containing a mixture of about 5-15% by weight of on Jun. 26, 2014. a miscible lubricant and the HFC refrigerant, removing the Publication Classification HCFC refrigerant from the refrigeration system while main (51) Int. Cl. taining at least a portion of a lubricant immiscible with the F25B 45/00 (2006.01) HFC refrigerant, and charging the refrigeration system with CIOM 7D/00 (2006.01) the mixture. Patent Application Publication May 11, 2017. Sheet 1 of 2 US 2017/O131009 A1 Provide refrigerant retrofit kit having an HFC refrigerant mixed with a polyol ester lubricant, in a transportable container Evacuate HCFC refrigerant from refrigeration System through charge port Leave a portion of mineral oil or alkylbenzene lubricant in refrigeration System Charge Refrigeration System with the HFC refrigerant mixed with a polyol ester lubricant through the charge port Figure 1 Patent Application Publication May 11, 2017. Sheet 2 of 2 US 2017/O131009 A1 Refrigeration System e Evaporator CFl Condenser Pse7 ChargePort Compressor Nil 1 HFC Refrigerant + Polyol Ester + Mineral Oil or Alkyl Benzene Lubricant reservoir HFC Refrigerant + Polyol Ester Lubricant Refrigerant Retrofitting Kit Figure 2 US 2017/013 1009 A1 May 11, 2017 SYSTEMAND METHOD FOR solubility. Solubility of refrigerant in lubricant lowers lubri RETROFITTING AREFRGERATION cant viscosity, which helps it flow through the evaporator SYSTEM FROM HCFC TO HFC and return to the compressor. This is why many refrigeration REFRGERANT systems can operate properly, even though the lubricant and refrigerant are immiscible (yet partially soluble) at evapo CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ration temperatures. Other factors, such as refrigerant vapor APPLICATIONS Velocity and system geometry, play key roles in lubricant 0001. The present application is a Continuation of U.S. return. Overall, it is important to note that lubricant/refrig patent application Ser. No. 14/877,609, filed Oct. 7, 2015, erant miscibility is helpful, but not necessarily essential for now U.S. Pat. No. 9,435,575, issued Sep. 6, 2016, which is proper system operation. a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/744, 0007. In general, R-22 and mineral oil are miscible over 776, filed Jun. 19, 2015, now pending, and is a 35 U.S.C. most of the expected ranges of operating conditions for S371 national stage filing of PCT/US 15/37689, filed Jun. 25, normal air conditioning and high to medium temperature 2015, now pending, which each claim benefit of priority operation. Miscibility is generally believed to aid lubricant from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/032,129, return to the compressor. The miscibility of refrigerant and filed Aug. 1, 2014 and from U.S. Provisional Patent Appli lubricant is determined by several factors: the relative cation No. 62/017.530, filed Jun. 26, 2014, the entirety of amounts of refrigerant and lubricant present, the tempera which are expressly incorporated herein by reference ture, the chemical makeup of the lubricant and of the refrigerant, and the viscosity of the lubricant. FIELD OF THE INVENTION 0008. Therefore, it may be desirable in a retrofit of an 0002 The present invention relates to the field of refrig existing system of this type to use a miscible lubricant, Such erants, refrigeration systems, and refrigeration system lubri as polyol ester lubricant, with R-407C refrigerant. In gen CantS. eral, R-407C is miscible with polyol ester (POE) lubricant and immiscible with alkylbenzene and mineral oil lubricant. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0009 Residual mineral oil or alkylbenzene left in a 0003) R-407C is an HFC refrigerant replacement for refrigeration system after a retrofit to any HFC refrigerant is R-22, a HCFC refrigerant, in positive displacement systems performed is known to decrease the lubricant/refrigerant such as new or existing residential and commercial air miscibility. This is one of the reasons why three oil changes conditioners and heat pumps. R-407C offers similar perfor are generally recommended when a system is being con mance to R-22 and can be used to retrofit existing R-22 verted or retrofit to use HFC refrigerants and POE lubri air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. cants. Thus, a traditional recommendation is to replace all 0004 R-407C is a mixture of hydrofluorocarbons used as mineral oil or alkylbenzene lubricant with POE during a a refrigerant. It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane retrofit. (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluo roethane (R-134a). R-32, R-125 and R-134a are present in 00.10 Emerson Climate Technologies (Copeland(R) pro the proportions 23%/25%/52% by weight (a +2% tolerance vided in 1995 & 2005 the following recommendations when is allowed for each of the components). R-407A is a mixture conducting a changeover: “Copelands only approved lubri of 20% R32, 40% R125, and 40% R-134a, and is therefore cants for use with R-407C are Polyol ester lubricants'; R-407A is similar in many respects to R407C. Difluo “Mineral oil lubricant, such as 3GS, cannot be used as the romethane serves to provide the heat capacity, pentafluo compressor lubricant. Copeland recommends the following roethane decreases flammability, tetrafluoroethane reduces lubricant choices: Polyol Ester (POE)”; “The mineral oil pressure. R-22 is chlorodifluoromethane. must be removed from the compressor crankcase. Hermetic 0005 Most compressors require a lubricant to protect compressors will have to be removed from the piping and internal moving parts. The compressor manufacturer usually the lubricant drained out through the suction stub. It is recommends the type of lubricant and proper viscosity that advisable to do an acid test on the lubricant removed’’: should be used to ensure acceptable operation and equip “Those systems that have oil separators, oil reservoirs, oil ment durability. Recommendations are based on several floats and Suction line accumulators must have the oil criteria, which can include: lubricity; lubricant/refrigerant drained from them. If the liquid control device is going to be solubility; lubricant/refrigerant miscibility; compatibility replaced, it is advisable that the Suction line, liquid line, and with materials of construction; and thermal stability and evaporator coil be blown clean using properly regulated dry compatibility with other lubricants. It is important to follow nitrogen: “POEs are very hygroscopic. They will very the manufacturer's recommendations for lubricants to be quickly absorb moisture from the air once the container is used with their equipment. opened. Once the lubricant is added to the compressor, the 0006 Lubricant return to the compressors is very impor compressor should be quickly installed. Like an open con tant as well. One factor that affects this is the liquid-phase tainer, an open compressor with POE will absorb moisture. lubricant/refrigerant miscibility, particularly at evaporator Add the correct amount of lubricant to the compressor. On temperatures. Miscibility is the ability of two liquids to mix systems using enhanced Surfaces in the heat exchanger, and form a single liquid phase. Ideally, the lubricant-refrig excessive mineral oil can adversely affect the heat transfer erant pair have sufficient miscibility or mutual solubility to due to logging. Therefore, it is desirable to have no more allow the lubricant to flow with the liquid refrigerant and than one percent mineral oil in Systems employing these return to the compressor in a single phase. Even if the types surfaces. lvhvac.com/cope bulletins/95-14.pdf. lubricant/refrigerant pair are not miscible (two liquid phases 0011 Dupont (2004) advises that no more than 5% form) in the evaporator, they may still have some degree of mineral oil remain in the refrigeration system after a change US 2017/013 1009 A1 May 11, 2017 over from R-22 to R-407.C. (www2.dupont.com/Refriger completion of the change over the concentration of mineral ants/en US/assets/downloads/h70004 Suva407C retrofit oil remaining in the system should not exceed 5% of the total guide.pdf) oil charge. 0012 Similarly, Tecumseh advised in 2009 (www.air 0026. Sundaresan, S. G.; Pate, M. B.; Doerr, T. M.; and innovations.nl/web/pdf/GUIDELINES-FOR-UTILIZA Ray, D. T., “A Comparison of the Effects of POE and TION-OF-R407C.pdf): Mineral Oil Lubricants on the In-Tube Evaporation of R-22, (0013 Synthetic Lubricants: Polyol Esters (POEs) And R-407C and R-410A' (1996). International Refrigeration Polyvinyl Ethers (PVEs) and Air Conditioning Conference.
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