LIMUN2020 edition nr.21 edition 2020 february handbook preconference

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21st session 2020 DELEGATE HANDBOOK LIMUN.ORG.UK FB.COM/LIMUNCONFERENCE

LIMUN is a conference organised by the LIMUN Foundation. Copyright © London International Model United Nations Foundation Copyright (Typographical Arrangement) © Inzamamul Haque

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by any means or stored in any information retrieval system with- out the explicit permission in writing of London International Model United Nations Foundation. London Interna- tional Model United Nations Foundation has made every effort to ensure that the information contained within this handbook is reliable, but makes no guarantee of its accuracy or complete- ness and does not accept liability for any loss, injury or damage resulting from errors contained within this handbook or resulting from misuse of this handbook. Changes may be made to the schedule and other conference details herein and participants should consult Delegate Services for possible changes. London International Model United Nations Foundation is a Registered Charity in England and Wales (Registration Number 1159324). 4 WELCOME

8 Secretariat’s Welcome 9 Schedule 10 Secretary-General Address 12 LIMUN History 13 The 2020 Secretariat 2020 CONFERENCE

16 Committee & Room Overview 18 Opening Day Side Events 19 SOAS Events 20 Speakers 22 LIMUN 2020 Socials MAKING LIMUN POSSIBLE

26 Chairman’s Address 28 LIMUN’s Attendees 30 Partners 31 Teams behind LIMUN LOGISTICS

34 Venues 35 King’s College Logistics 36 Travel Overview 38 Food Options TO NOTE

42 Important 43 Awards Policy 44 LIMUN as a Safe Space 46 Signatures 47 Map of KCL‘s Strand Campus

5 6 7 10:00 - 15:00 10:00 - 10:45 10:00 - 11:00 Welcome to London, and welcome to LIMUN. 11:15 - 12:00 12:00 - 13:00 Dear Delegates, 12:15 - 13:00 13:00-14:00 We are so excited to welcome you to the 21st edition of the London International 14:30 - 16:30 Model United Nations Conference, a conference more pertinent than ever in these exciting and constantly changing times. All around us, uncertainty looms, 18:00 - 20:00 and it is often difficult to search for assurance in the politics that govern us. 19:00 - 21:00

However, we hope that in the next three days, you can learn more about the world 22:00 - LATE around you, your countries, your colleagues, and - most importantly - yourselves.

Take advantage of your time in London. London is a cosmopolitan city which welcomes people from all walks of life, and we know you’ll fit right in. Enjoy the 09:00 - 18:00 conference and socials to the fullest - make sure you embrace the city as it is ready to embrace you! 12:00 - 14:00

Conferences like LIMUN are to many a place of comfort, where delegates and 18:15 - 19:15 staff return year-upon-year to reconnect with like-minded individuals who provide safety, support, and strength. If this is your first time at LIMUN, we hope that you can make the conference and the broader LIMUN Foundation, your home as 19:30 - 20:30 much as it has been ours. Even after your last conference, the LIMUN Family will 21:00 - 02:00 always be one you can rely on and come back to, whenever you need.

We can’t wait to meet you all! 10:00 - 16:00

The LIMUN Secretariat 12:00 - 14:00

16:45 - 18:00

8 Friday Central Hall Westminster 10:00 - 15:00 Delegate Registration 10:00 - 10:45 RoP Training 1 10:00 - 11:00 Social Impact Panel 11:15 - 12:00 Kickstart Panel 12:00 - 13:00 SOAS Presentation 12:15 - 13:00 RoP Training 2 13:00-14:00 Careers in Diplomacy 14:30 - 16:30 Opening Ceremony

KCL Strand Campus 18:00 - 20:00 Late Registration 19:00 - 21:00 Committee Sessions

Islington Metal Works 22:00 - LATE Glam Glitter & Glow Party

Saturday KCL Strand Campus 09:00 - 18:00 Committee Sessions

Around Holborn 12:00 - 14:00 Staggered Lunch Breaks

KCL Strand Campus 18:15 - 19:15 Interactive Feedback Session with Heads of Delegations

Grand Connaught Rooms 19:30 - 20:30 SOAS Reception 21:00 - 02:00 LIMUN Ball

Sunday KCL Strand Campus 10:00 - 16:00 Committee Sessions

Around Holborn 12:00 - 14:00 Staggered Lunch Breaks

Shaftesbury Theatre 16:45 - 18:00 Closing Ceremony

9 Zeina Dowidar Secretary - General

Zeina Dowidar is an Egyptian researcher based in London, UK. She obtained her BA in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from King’s College London, and recently graduated with a Masters in Philosophy in Development Studies from the University of Cambridge. Her research is dedicated to exploring gender-based violence in the Middle East through a postcolonial perspective.

She has worked with a variety of private and public organisations, including The Economist, the Centre for Transnational Development and Collaboration, and the UNDP, particularly focusing on the intersections between gender and culture in the Middle East. She is currently working as a Researcher for Middle East podcast network, Kerning Cultures, and is an advisor for Shubbak, the largest Arab arts and culture festival in Europe.

10 Delegates, Chairs, Guests, and Friends,

The LIMUN Secretariat has been working tirelessly to prepare for the 21st edition of LIMUN, and we absolutely cannot wait to welcome you to LIMUN 2020. This year’s conference is unlike any that came before it. Not only are we entering the third decade of LIMUN in brand new venues, but we’ve taken great strides to make the conference more accessible, inclusive, and engaging for our delegates.

We’re so excited to welcome over 1100 delegates from across the world to LIMUN 2020. With a combination of our most popular committees and brand new debate forums, we believe that this year’s conference will set the bar for LIMUN’s third decade.

LIMUN 2020’s theme is Challenging the Dilemmas of Progress. This theme rose out of a particular frustration at the inefficient and ineffective mechanisms that often stall or suspend any meaningful change at an international level. The United Nations, as well as other international institutions, often suffer from an inability to enact meaningful change in a timely manner, leaving those marginalised and vulnerable to fend for themselves. At LIMUN 2020, we want to investigate this dilemma, placing a focus on debate that shines a spotlight on topics often overlooked. Moreover, we’ve introduced committees which have historically spurred significant change, in order to evaluate where they have succeeded. We hope delegates move beyond typical forms of debate and discussion, and push the limits of the forum both personally and within their roles as delegates.

As someone who has been part of the LIMUN community since 2015, it has been an incredibly humbling experience to act as Secretary-General this year. LIMUN has been a forum for familiar faces to reconnect, and new friendships to form. I hope you can take in every moment of the conference, and make the most of everything we have to offer.

There are many people without whom this conference would not have been realised. I would like to thank Afolabi Adekaiyaoja and the rest of the Board of Trustees for their invaluable and unrelenting support throughout the organisation process. I’d like to thank our ambassadors, our volunteers, our chairs, our press team, and all of our staff for the work they’ve put in before the conference, and the time they’ve dedicated to make these three days memorable for you. I’d also like to thank our host venues, our caterers and service for creating incredible ceremony and social experiences for you. Lastly, I would like to thank our sponsors, SOAS and the Embassy of France, for their support in achieving our ambitious vision for the conference.

I am looking forward to meeting you all at the conference!

Yours sincerely,

Zeina Dowidar

11 LIMUN, first known as LoMUN (London Model United Nations) until 2002, held its first conference in 2000, having been conceived by a group of University of London (UoL) students who had attended a Model UN Conference in Massachusetts in 1999. ‘Sitting in Pizza Express, they decided to set up one in London, and so half a year later we had the first LIMUN’, recalled an inaugural LIMUN participant. The aim became to organise an annual Model UN event in the cosmopolitan city of London, a fitting place for the ideals that embody the United Nations as the city where the world organisation was first based.

The first conference in 2000 involved about 200 delegates in over five committees. In 2007, this figure grew to about 500, and later to 700 over 12 committees in 2008. In 2009, LIMUN held its first milestone conference at King’s College London (KCL), celebrating its 10th anniversary with 800 delegates spread over 12 committees. Committees also expanded, to about 16 in 2011. 2012 marked a peak, as nearly 1,200 delegates were present in over 20 committees at Imperial College London. In 2013, LIMUN introduced foreign language committees to its roster and also began its tradition of hosting its opening ceremony at the Central Hall Westminster, the same venue where the very first session of the UN General Assembly was held in 1946. In 2015 LIMUN saw a new conference peak of 1800 participants. Since then, LIMUN conferences have maintained participation closer to 1200 delegates, and introduced a range of new side-events on the Opening Day, from our Careers in the UN session to the Diplomats’ Meet and Greet.

LIMUN 2019 marked our 20th anniversary. In line with the landmark date, our theme was ‘Change in the Modern Era’, with the conference mainly focusing on open conversations regarding digitalisation, sustainability, and the persistence of poverty in an increasingly wealthy world. Meanwhile, our speakers included the Rt Hon. Patricia Scotland QC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, and Lord Malloch Brown, former Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations and Honorary President of the LIMUN Foundation. This conference also saw LIMUN returning to KCL.

The conference you attend today, Europe’s largest MUN, is continuously striving to stretch the boundaries of what MUN should or can be and also employs one of the largest chairing staff across 24 different committees. But at its heart, it is still a family homecoming, evident from the number of returning chairs and participants. Just as the first LIMUN in 2000, this year’s secretariat hopes all delegates of the 2020 edition have a stellar experience and journey. We hope that we can create an atmosphere that balances personal growth, competition and fun while ensuring the highest level of debate, discussion, and discovery.

12 Secretary-General Deputy Secretary-General

Zeina Dowidar Benjamin Santhouse-James University of Cambridge Imperial College London

Under-Secretary-General Under-Secretary-General Applications Chairing

Valentina Buccoliero Natalie Chung King‘s College London The London School of Economics

Chairing Officer Under-Secretary-General Communications

Maurits Bogaards Manuel Schüler King‘s College London Hult International Business School

Under-Secretary-General Under-Secretary-General Finance Logistics

Fariha Baba Jonas Bokelmann University of Warwick The London School of Economics

Under-Secretary-General Under-Secretary-General Personnel Public Relations

Luena Gama Hana Dowidar SOAS University of London Imperial College London

13 14 15 BEGINNER COMMITTEES Disarmament and International Security Committee (K4U.12) Director: Petros Petrikkos, Assistan Directors: Matheus Santos and Lise Theunissen Topic A: Foreign Military and Private Military Intervention in Internal Conflicts Topic B: Taking Action to Mitigate Hybrid Threats From Non-state Actors against Member States

Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee (FRIDAY: Edmond J Safra | SAT&SUN: BH(C) 1.01 Lecture theatre 1) Director: Nudhara Yusuf, Assistant Directors: Terry Batnasan and Jason Dougenis Topic A: The Rights of Activists and Border Security Topic B: The Role of Religion in a Globalised World

Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Nash Lecture Theatre) Director: Eve Bradley, Assistan Directors: Aidan Tee and Aaron Gilchrist Topic A: Issue of Small Island States and Rising Sea Levels Topic B: Review of UN Peacekeeping Operations

United Nations Environment Programme (FRIDAY: Anatomy Lecture Theatre | SAT&SUN: BH(C) Auditorium (-1.01)) Director: Loyle Wesley Campbell, Assistan Directors: Savvas Marcou and Sofija Spasenoska Topic A: Making the Transition to Renewable Energy Sustainable Topic B: The Role of Youth Civic Engagement in Motivating Climate Action

United Nations Development Programme (BH(NE) -1.01) Director: Carolin Geis, Assistant Directors: Stefani Spasenoska and Clemence Poirier Topic A: Waste Management for the SDGs Topic B: Sustainable Water Management in Agriculture

United Nations Human Rights Council (K3.11) Director: Chafic-Christopher Hasbani, Assistan Directors: Camille Coultrap and Johanna Li Topic A: Abuses Perpetrated in Correctional Facilities and Detention Camps Topic B: Human Rights Abuses in Kashmir

INTERMEDIATE COMMITTEES Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), (BH(NE) 0.01 Lecture Theatre 3) Director: Angel Navarrete Torres, Assistant Directors: Alexia Salmon, Gianni di Girolamo Topic A: Dealing with Corruption in FIFA Topic B: FIFA 2021 Club World Cup Bidding Process

Bandung Conference (K-1.56) Director: Horatio Lyons, Assistant Directors: Henry Johnston-Ellis Topic: Building a United Asian-African Front against the Spectre of Global Colonialism

African Union (S-1.06) Director: Muqaddam Malik, Assistant Directors: Katharina Wodenitscharow Topic A: AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations Topic B: Xenophobia in South Africa

UN Women (K2.40) Director: Mahmoud El Shabba, Assistant Directors: Nanaki Maitra Topic A: Climate Change and its Consequences for Indigenous Women Topic B: Preventing Honour Based Violence on Young Women and Girls

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), (BH(SE) 2.09) Topic A: Redefining the Security Alliance Topic B: Ukraine Ascension Director: Sharif Kazemi, Assistant Directors: Amy Blaettler

16 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), (BH(SE) 2.01) Director: Lina Jeffcock, Assistant Director: Francis Acevedo Topic A: Bridging the Development Gap among ASEAN Member States Topic B: Implementing Measures to Tackle Labour Exploitation and Challenges for Businesses in the ASEAN Region

Council of Marvel (MB 1.1) Director: Kelli-Anne Tim, Assistant Directors: Zeesha Shirin Bandyopadhyay Topic A: Use and Regulation of Time Manipulation Topic B: Restoration and Integration: Dealing with the Aftermath of the Blip

UN Convention on Superhuman Activities (UNCSA), (MB 1.3) Director: Zoe Braddick, Assistant Directors: Helena Granik Topic A: Use and Regulation of Time Manipulation Topic B: Restoration and Integration: Dealing with the Aftermath of the Blip

French – United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), (FRIDAY: BH(SE) 1.05, SAT&SUN: S-3.20) Director: Afsani Sarah, Assistant Director: Charlotte Dozias Topic A: Drug Dealing in the World Topic B: Addressing International Organised Crime

Spanish - Organization of American States (OAS), (S-1.04) Director: Henrique Arevalo, Assistant Director: Mencía Montoya Barreiros Topic A: Indigenous Groups in the Americas Topic B: Gang Violence in the Americas

ADVANCED CONFERENCE World Social Forum (WSF), (FRIDAY: Lecture Theatre 2 (4.04), SAT&SUN: BH(C) Lecture Theatre 2 (4.04)) Director: Annika Stechenmesser, Assistant Directors: Rigel Revillo, Michael Bornholt, Monika Patriarchea Topic A: Disarm Finance and Achieve Tax Justice Topic B: The Migration and International Mobility Space

Bretton Woods (1944) (S-2.08) Director: Philippe Lefevre, Assistant Director: Lukas Hofmann Topic: Establishing a Global Economic Order

Bretton Woods (2020) (S-2.18 (Lucas theatre)) Director: Allen Haugh, Assistant Director: Sheng-Wei Chuang Topic A: Assessing the Reserve Currency System Topic B: Reforming the International Trade Regime

United Nations Security Council (UNSC), (MB 1.2) Director: Nikitas Terzoudis, Assistant Directors: Alex Benedict Castro-Jamal Topic A: Hong Kong SAR Topic B: Guerrilla Violence in the DRC

International Court of Justice (ICJ), (K0.16) Director: Joanna Veimou, Assistant Director: Tawfik Tawfik Topic: Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates v. Qatar

Korean Peninsula 6 Party Negotiations, (BH(C) 2.04, BH(C) 2.05, BH(C) 2.06) Topic: Korean Peninsula Negotiations Director: Gyubin Hwang, Assistant Directors: Martijn Bergmann and John-Paul Duddy

Crisis (BH(SE)1.01-1.07) Topic: 1973: Oil as a Weapon of the Modern World Directors: Maria Slobodina and Perth Ophaswongse, Assistant Director: Kevin Wang

Cloak Room: Fridays & Sunday: (King‘s Cloak Room)

17 Rory Stewart

Roderick James Nugent Stewart OBE is a British politician and best-selling author. Having served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Penrith and The Border since 2010, on 3 October 2019, Stewart announced he had resigned from the Conservative Party and would stand down as an MP at the next general election over the government‘s stance on a no-deal Brexit. Shortly after, he was announced as GQ‘s 2019 Politician of the Year. He had previously served in several ministerial roles, including Secretary of State for International Development, where he prioritised climate vulnerability, whilst he also introduced the ’Plastic Bag Tax‘ as Secretary of State for the Environment. He will stand as an independent candidate in the 2020 London mayoral election.

After receiving his education at Oxford, Stewart became a diplomat, working in Indonesia and Montenegro. He left the civil service to undertake a two-year walk across Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Nepal. He later wrote a best-selling book entitled „The Places in Between“ about his experiences. He subsequently served as Deputy Governor for the Coalition Provisional Authority following the 2003 invasion of Iraq and wrote a second book covering this period, entitled „Occupational Hazards“. There, he worked to bring together communities that had been ripped apart by a generation of dictatorship, extremism, and war: rebuilding schools, hospitals, and roads, resolving tribal disputes, and holding elections. Much of his work focused on the need to give positive alternatives to young people who otherwise might go down a path of violence. He later lectured at Harvard and worked for several non- governmental organisations, including as executive chairman of the Turquoise Mountain Foundation.

18 Michael Keating

Michael Keating is a British peacebuilding and humanitarian professional. He currently serves as Executive Director of the European Institute of Peace and is a former UN Under-Secretary-General with decades of international experience.

Born in 1959 in Uganda, Mr. Keating was educated at the University of Cambridge and began his career in financial publishing and as a television producer. He joined the United Nations in 1985 as Special Assistant to the versatile UN diplomat Sadruddin Aga Khan. Years later, Mr. Keating served as Senior Adviser to the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, Mark Malloch Brown (the LIMUN Foundation’s Honorary President). Mr. Keating also undertook assignments with the UN in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Palestine. From 2004 to 2008, he was UN Resident Coordinator in Malawi and subsequently served as Executive Director of the Africa Progress Panel, an independent commission chaired by former Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

Between 2010 and 2012, Mr. Keating was Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, and Humanitarian Coordinator for Afghanistan serving under veteran UN mediators Staffan de Mistura and Ján Kubiš. Thereafter, while Associate Director of the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London, Mr. Keating was Special Adviser to the UN Special Envoy for Syria, Mr. de Mistura. In 2015, Mr. Keating was appointed Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Somalia, at the level of UN Under-Secretary-General, heading the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. He served in this capacity until 2018, before joining the European Institute of Peace as its Executive Director.

Mr. Keating is the first person to have served as Special Representative of the Secretary-General to address LIMUN.

19 OPENING DAY SIDE EVENTS Rules Of Procedure Workshop Session one: 10:00-10:45, Session two: 12:15-13:00; South Rotunda Our Rules of Procedure training sessions allow delegates to improve their understanding of the procedures used in LIMUN committees. The courses will be delivered by Nudhara Yusuf, Secretary-General of LIMUN: High School. There will be two training sessions available – 10 am and 12.15 pm in the South Rotunda. Whether you are a beginner who wants to learn the ropes or a seasoned MUN-er who wants a refresher, this would be a great opportunity for you to prepare for your committee!

Careers in Diplomacy Panel 13:00-14:00, Great Hall This year, we are incredibly excited to announce our Careers in Diplomacy Panel. This event will run as a panel discussion followed by a Q&A session. The panel is made up of eminent individuals from embassies across London. The panel will discuss topics related to diplomacy and international cooperation as well as individual career progression and, most importantly, our theme (Challenging the Dilemmas of Progress). This event is one not to be missed as it is a chance, to hear about the challenges we are facing as a global community from the people who are actively trying to solve said difficulties. It will also be your chance to pose questions to all of our esteemed panellists.

Careers in Social Impact Panel 10:00-11:00, North Rotunda We are thrilled to announce our Careers in Social Impact panel, which is a new and exciting addition this year. This event will run as a panel discussion followed by a Q&A session from the audience. Our panellists will be made up of individuals coming from a range of different roles within the field of Social Impact, and they will share their own experiences as well as discuss the various benefits and challenges that come with such a career. The topics discussed will range from personal career trajectories to the long-term sustainability of social impact. This panel will be vital for anyone with interest in working in social impact, charity, or with an NGO. It will allow delegates to better understand the field.

Kickstart Panel 11:15-12:00, North Rotunda We are happy to announce our Kickstart presentation on Opening Day! Kickstart is a student-focussed program for young entrepreneurs and founders, with the aim of providing them with the skills and resources they need to become successful. This presentation will be extremely interesting for anyone seeking a career in Entrepreneurship, especially given the talk’s focus on the link between Entrepreneurship and the Sustainable Development Goals.

20 SOAS Events

Opportunities at SOAS Presentation Friday 21 February, 12:00-13:00, North Rotunda, Central Hall Westminster Learn about SOAS‘s world class research and opportunities in Diplomacy & International Studies at this informative session, including MA / MSc programmes, Summer Schools and Study Tours. Join Professor Andrea Cornwall, Pro-Director for Research & Enterprise to discuss projects that have led to SOAS being ranked 3rd in the world for research that advances the United Nations‘ Sustainable Development Goals. You can also learn about SOAS‘s Centre for International Studies & Diplomacy, a postgraduate centre that is home to a number of UN-focussed projects including: UN Wartime History for the Future, United Nations War Crimes Commission, and Women in Diplomacy.

SOAS Networking Drinks Reception Saturday 22 February, 19:30-20:30, Grand Connaught Rooms LIMUN delegates are also invited to a networking reception, complete with an open bar (including cocktails!), from 19:30 to 20:30 on Saturday 22 February in the Grand Connaught Rooms. You will have the unique opportunity to network with a number of SOAS academics, current students, and staff, this will be an excellent chance to network with senior academics working in the field of International Studies, LIMUN delegates, and like-minded students, as well as to gain inside tips into SOAS’ graduate admissions. We hope to see you there! You will only be able to attend this if you have already bought a LIMUN Social Pack ticket. It is a complimentary event prior to the Ball, which begins at 21:00 and therefore only for social ticket holders. However, numbers are limited, please register in advance on our website so you do not miss out!

21 After LIMUN‘s first day of committee, we will celebrate a successful start and hit the club at the Islington Metal Works. Four rooms, four types of music, four equally fun DJs. If you get tired, you can always relax in IMW’s central courtyard, where there will be a barbecue to serve you all night long. In addition, there will be a tube carriage converted into a bar, so you too could get the unique feeling of finally having a positive London tube experience! Important note: You will only be let in if even the moon and the stars become envious of your sparkle. We take our themes very seriously.

22 There is no doubt in our minds that this will be the greatest MUN social you will ever attend. Held in the opulent Grand Connaught Rooms, the Ball will not only feature chocolate fountains with enough dipping items to satiate armies, it will also bring a mirrored bar to the party, whose single-minded goal is to feed you as much drink as your heart desires! Pick your poison: Spirits? Mixers? Wine? Beer? Prosecco? Mai Tais? Mojitos? Margaritas? A special twist on the classic G&T? Something called a “Blackberry Crumble” that tastes like it was made by Santa‘s Elves in heaven? We have it all - bottomless - all night.

So there‘s only one thing to do: pick your most flamboyant formal outfit. Our secretariat already has and is excited to show off everything from the grandest of ball gowns to fiery red suits. Dress to impress, and who knows what the night will bring...

PLEASE DRINK RESPONSIBLY. 23 24 25 Dear Guests, Participants, Volunteers and Friends,

I‘m happy to join my welcome with those of the Secretariat, Chairs, staff and others in welcoming you to the 21st session of the London International Model United Nations. The LIMUN Foundation runs two conferences annually - the High School conference in November and our University conference in February, whose 21st session we celebrate this year. For the last 20 years, LIMUN has served as a home for aspiring diplomats, budding changemakers and for many who believe in a global and interconnected world. Our alumni have gone to do just that, from working for world governments and helping to reshape corporate giants to paving their own bold way in an often tumultuous world. While we acknowledge that the world is not what it was when LIMUN started off in a Pizza Express in 2000, it is because of our shared hope and belief in the possibilities of tomorrow that we gather annually to celebrate and constructively criticise the world we live in and discuss how we can play our small part in making it better for all.

Part of what makes LIMUN special is that, at its core, it has always been about the community of future and aspiring leaders that come every year. It is reflected in our delegates, from the veteran delegations we say ‚welcome home‘ to, and to the first time delegates we hope to add to our growing family. It is also reflected in the volunteers who commit their time, energy and commitment to make the work of the Foundation a reality. From our incredible staffers to our insightful chairs, and from our tireless secretariat members who provide necessary innovation to our Trustees who support with advice and guidance. LIMUN is really what a group of committed people, from around the world, decide to make of it.

From someone who has been to probably too many LIMUNs, the best advice I have is to make the best of the experience. That often means surprising yourself. From making that speech in committee while your legs quake under the table, to enjoying that social with people you‘ve just met. The organising team has been very deliberate in making sure you have an incredible time - so allow yourself debate, discuss and discover.

While we appreciate and celebrate the hard work of the many people behind this conference, we also look to the future. Our Board of Trustees is hard at work looking at more ways we can better engage the community and make the Model UN experience more enjoyable and rewarding. So please do look out on our website and social media accounts, as we begin to share our new exciting projects.

From all of us on the Board, I wish you all a fantastic conference and safe travels to and from London, and I hope we have the pleasure of welcoming you back soon.

Best wishes,

Afolabi Adekaiyaoja Chair, LIMUN Board of Trustees

26 Afolabi Adekaiyoja Chairman

Afolabi Adekaiyaoja is a Guest Relations Associate at Hostmaker, a property technology company that deals with hospitality in several cities around the world. He is also on the Editorial Board of Stears Business, a Nigerian business news organisation known for its authoritative coverage of Nigerian finance. Prior to this, he completed an internship at the African Union Mission to the United Nations and undertook a postgraduate course in social innovation as a Year Here Fellow.

He recently completed a Masters in African Politics from SOAS, University of London during which he was Co-Chair of the SOAS African Development Forum. He has been active on the MUN circuit, particularly with us as a Chair, Under-Secretary- General Applications in 2016 and Secretary-General for LIMUN 2017.

27 Abdulrahman Kanoo International School Helsingoer Gymnasium Academy of Talented Youth Houses of Parliament ADHUE - URJC HSBA Hamburg School of Business Administration African Centre for Leadership, Strategy and Development Hult International Business School Albemarle Independent College ICHEC Brussels Management School American University of Cairo Imperial College London Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Institut Saint André - Brussels B Arsakeio Lykeio Psychiko Instituto Brasiliense de Direito Público - IDP be.boosted International Youth Federation Algeria Benson Idahosa University Istanbul Aydin University Birmingham University Kabul University Brunel University London Karazin Business School Kharkiv, Ukraine Cass Business School Keele University Catolica School of Law Kendrick School City, University of London Khurshid University Colchester County High School King’s College, London Colégio e Curso Evolução Kingston University London College of Europe (Bruges) Kwame Nkrumah Science and Technology University Columbia University in the City of New York Leiden University Diponegoro University LIMUN:HS Best Delegates Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay London Metropolitan University École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne London School of Economics and Political Science EFAP Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München ESSEC Business School LUMS Faculté de Droit, Sciences Economiques et Gestion de Nancy Marmara University Faculté Libre de Droit Mashal University of Afghanistan Ghana International Model UN Model United Nations Association Munich Ghent University Monmouth University Golden Heart Foundation MUN Society Belgium Goldsmiths, University of London National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Grenoble Ecole de Management National Open University of Nigeria Hamburg School of Business Administration New York University Shanghai Harrow School Niels Brock International College Hassiba Ben Bouali University Novena University HEIP - Paris Opportunities Africa Australia Study Help4Help Padjadjaran University

28 Parwan University / Rotary Kabul Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 Pearson College London Université Libre de Bruxelles Philipps University of Marburg Université Paris 2 Assas-Panthéon Portuguese MUN Delegation Université Paris-Dauphine Queen Mary, University of London Université Saint Louis Queens Park Community School Université Saint-Louis - Bruxelles Regent’s University London Université Toulouse 1 Capitole Riphah International University, Islamabad University Bremen Royal Holloway, University of London University College Dublin Sapienza University of Rome University College London Scarborough College University Jean Moulin Lyon III School of Oriental and African Studies University of Algiers 3 Sciences Po Paris University of Baguio Sciences Po Strasbourg University of Bath Sheffield Hallam University University of Brighton Sorbonne University University of Bristol Sorbonne University, Abu Dhabi University of Cambridge Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv University of East London Technische Universität Braunschweig University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Tecnológico de Monterrey University of Greenwich Tel Aviv University University of Information Technology and Management The Hague University of Applied Sciences University Of Kent The University of Edinburgh University of Leicester The University of Sheffield University of Lisbon Toulouse 1 Capitole University University of Macedonia Turkistan University University of Peloponnese UNAMA (United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan) University of Piraeus Universidad de Granada University of Portsmouth Universidad de Monterrey University of Salford Universidad de Navarra University of Sheffield Universidade Católica Portuguesa University of St Andrews Universidade de Coimbra - Faculdade de Direito University of Sulaimani Universidade de Lisboa University of Sunderland Università di Bologna University of Sussex Universitas Pembangunan Nasional ‘Veteran’ Yogyakarta University of the Aegean Université de Saint-Louis University of Warwick Vrije Universiteit Brussel

29 Our Partners The LIMUN Foundation’s mission would not be possible without the continued support of our partners. We would like to thank both the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (SOAS) and the Embassy of France, London for their substantial support and contributions.

The Embassy of France promotes and explains French policy on Europe (EU reforms, Brexit etc) and international issues (Iran, Syria, the Sahel, climate, proliferation etc.), while seeking to further France’s interests in the United Kingdom and build stronger ties in areas like trade, culture, research and education, the economy and defence. It also holds regular public events to raise awareness of France and its values and has regular features within the French and British media.

We are also delighted to host Arnaud Balner, Political Counsellor and Chief of Staff to the French Ambassador to the United Kingdom, as part of the Careers in Diplomacy panel in Central Hall Westminster. We are very grateful to the Embassy for partnering with us and are excited to develop our relationship further over LIMUN’s new decade.

The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) University of London welcomes the brightest minds to study on its central London campus with like-minded individuals who feel passionately about contemporary world issues. The School of Interdisciplinary Studies, SOAS, offers a home for interdisciplinary on-campus and distance learning teaching and research in the social sciences, particularly in relation to Asia, Africa and the Middle East. SOAS programmes are taught by respected specialists engaged in fieldwork and research, which influences both government policy and the lives of individuals across the globe.

The Centre for International Studies & Diplomacy (CISD), part of SOAS, is committed to the promotion of excellence in teaching, scholarship and research. Drawing on the academic expertise of both the Centre and other SOAS departments, CISD programmes seek to look beyond the traditional Western-centric approach. CISD is a preferred supplier of bespoke diplomatic training to the UK‘s Foreign Office Diplomatic Training Academy, and the global

30 community includes several students who are early or mid-career diplomats and professionals. SOAS students are encouraged to develop a truly global perspective and are uniquely placed to inform and shape current thinking about the challenges the world faces and to make a meaningful contribution to society.

Please scan the QR code for further details of SOAS’ programs. SOAS, as a long-term partner of LIMUN, will be organising two unique events for delegates, details of which can be found on page: 21.

Logistics Team

LIMUN counts on the support of the Logistics Team, a group comprised of motivated and driven individuals from all areas of study. They are the first point of contact for delegates attending the conference, and assist and collaborate with both Secretariat and Chairs in order to assist in all logistic activities and preparations. Team members make use of their organisational, communication and networking skills to make sure that everyone attending LIMUN feels welcome. They are an intrinsic part of every second of one of the biggest university level conferences, so the role is undoubtedly not without its challenges.

Regardless of that, the Logistics Team makes sure that the conference runs smoothly behind the scenes and every year are an increasing component for making LIMUN the best it can be.

Ambassadors

LIMUN Ambassadors are part of LIMUN’s outreach vision in order to drive political engagement and debate across students around the globe. This year LIMUN has Ambassadors representing 10 different countries, across 3 different continents. Ambassadors are the driving force behind the support given to those that may not be as familiar with the conference. They provide advice on the application process, facilitate communication between LIMUN and their universities and actively advocate for political debate and engagement within their communities.

LIMUN Ambassadors make sure that the conference truly has an international impact.

31 32 33 The Opening Ceremony for 2020 will be held at Central Hall Westminster. It will also include speeches by our invited guests and the ceremonial opening of the Conference.

Registration at Central Hall Westminster Registration will take place between 10:00 and 15:00 on Friday, 21st of February, in the Main Foyer of Central Hall Westminster. This is when Head Delegates can pick up the Delegate Packs for their Delegations.

Social Tickets at Central Hall Westminster Social Tickets may be collected or purchased at Central Hall Westminster. Every delegate must pick them up individually with a legal proof of age at hand.

Late Registration at King’s College London - Strand Campus Late Registration will be available on the Friday before and during Committee Sessions, between 18:00 and 20:00, at the Secretariat Room. Volunteers will also be available throughout the conference for assistance to Delegates and Head Delegates. For any questions, please email [email protected].

Opening Conference: Central Hall Westminster, London SW1H 9NH

Conference Venue: King‘s College Strand Campus + Bush House, London WC2R 2LS

Friday Social: Islington Metal Works, London EC1V 1NQ

Saturday Social: Grand Connaught Rooms, London WC2B 5DA

Closing Ceremony: Shaftesbury Theatre, London WC2H 8DP

34 King‘s College Logistics For access to Bush House, including Bush House South East and North East, please enter through Central Bush House at 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG.

For access to the Macadam, Strand, and King’s Buildings, please enter through the central entrance at Strand, London WC2R 2LS.

Please check the conference room allocations to find which building and floor you are located in, as these may differ per day of the conference.

WiFi: The entire campus of King’s College London is covered by the free-to-use WiFi network, The Cloud. When attempting to connect, please make sure to sign- in on the online sign-up section, which will pop up upon joining the network. If your university supports Eduroam, you can also connect to the Eduroam network with your university log-in details. Please ask your chairs for help should you not be able to join.

BATHROOMS: Bush House and Strand Campus are both equipped with male and female bathrooms in each individual building and on almost every floor. Gender- neutral as well as accessible toilets are also available in every building. Please refer to a conference volunteer or ask your chairs should you not be able to find them.

In Central Bush House, gender-neutral bathrooms can be found on -1, Ground floor, and 8th floor of the building. Accessible toilets are available on every level. In Bush House North East and South East, accessible and gender-neutral toilets are located on the ground floor. Strand, Macadam, and King’s building are also individually equipped with bathrooms on every floor.

WATER FOUNTAINS: Both Strand Campus buildings and Bush House are equipped with water fountains, often found near the bathrooms. In Central Bush House, these are located on floors -1, 0 and 8. In Bush House North East and South East, water fountains can be found on every floor. In Strand, Macadam, and King’s buildings, water fountains can be found on every floor.

CHARGING PORTS: Bush House and Strand Building both have charging ports for your phone and small electrical devices. In Bush House, these are located on the 8th and 4th floor. In Strand, these are located on the 2nd floor in the Informal Study Space and on the 4th floor.

35 TRAVEL OVERVIEW

London is an incredibly bustling cosmopolitan city with numerous methods of transportation available to both locals and tourists. Please note that we highly discourage delegates from driving to any venues, as parking will not available.

In order to use public transport in London, delegates will require either a contactless card or an Oyster card. An Oyster card can be purchased at any underground Tube station, which are distinguished by their famous logo, a red circle cut horizontally though with a blue line inscribed with the station’s name. We highly suggest delegates use either Google Maps, Apple Maps, or Citymapper to plan their routes around London, as they will be updated with minute-to-minute changes on any lines. We would also suggest regularly checking tfl.org.uk for updates on any tube or bus disruptions throughout the weekend. Please note that there is a planned track closure between South Kensington and East Ham (on the District Line) on Saturday and Sunday, thus affecting those who may take the District Line to Temple for sessions.

Please find below the tube stations to each significant venue. There are numerous bus lines that pass by each of these venues, and so we suggest checking a travel mapping app or the TFL website to plan your route by bus.

Conference: King’s College London: Temple (District and Circle Lines) - 5-minute walk Covent Garden (Picadilly Line) - 6-minute walk Holborn (Central Line) - 8-minute walk Charing Cross (Bakerloo and Northern Lines) - 10-minute walk

Central Hall Westminster: Westminster station (Jubilee, Circle and District lines) – 3-minute walk St James’ Park station (Circle and District lines) – 3-minute walk Victoria station (Victoria, Circle and District lines) – 13-minute walk Charing Cross (Bakerloo and Northern Lines) - 14-minute walk

Shaftesbury Theatre: Tottenham Court Road (Northern and Central Lines) - 5-minute walk Holborn (Piccadilly and Central Lines) - 6-minute walk Covent Garden (Piccadilly Line) - 6-minute walk

36 Please note that King’s College London is within a 25-minute walk to Central Hall Westminster (Opening Ceremony Venue), and a 15-minute walk to Shaftesbury Theatre (Closing Ceremony Venue).

Socials: Islington Metal Works: Angel (Northern Line) - 2-minute walk Please note that the Night Tube does NOT run through Angel.

Grand Connaught Rooms: Holborn (Central Line) - 3-minute walk Covent Garden (Picadilly Line) - 5-minute walk Please note that Holborn and Covent Garden both have Night Tube services.

Safety: While London is a walking-friendly city, and the Night Tube will be available for delegates attending the Saturday night ball, we would nevertheless encourage delegates who are leaving venues late in the evening to split cabs. Uber, Gett, Bolt, Kapten, and ViaVan are all popular ridesharing apps that can be used in the city, and the latter three often have offers for cheaper rides. You can also book a black cab through One-Number Cabs (+44871 871 8710) or through Addison Lee (+4420 7387 8888). All cab and ridesharing services are available 24 hours.

37 FOOD OPTIONS AROUND THE CONFERENCE VENUE

All our listed restaurants have options for all dietary requirements (vegan, vegetarian, halal, etc.) and are open on weekends.

The Delaunay Counter Cafe - amazing interior and atmosphere - great food 10% discount with presentation of badge 3 min walk from conference

Franco Manca Pizza - cheap - able to pre-order pizza and pick up at desired time 4 min walk from conference

Bella Italia Pizza & pasta - restaurant - amazing food 50% off classic pizza and pasta with Unidays app 6 min walk from conference

Homeslice Pizza - restaurant - preorder & to go available 12 min walk from conference

Wild Food Cafe Cafe - plant-based - slightly pricier 12 min walk from conference

The India Club Indian - restaurant - cheap Recommendation. Lunch takeaway boxes 2 min walk from conference

Pret a Manger (Fleet Street) Cafe - the UK version of Starbucks - absolute classic Note: Rumour has it that a Pret was actually the first building built by the Romans in the settlement that predated London. 3 min walk from conference

Itsu (Great Queen Street) Sushi - fast food - takeaway 15% discount on presentation of any (even international) student ID 7 min walk from conference

Wasabi (Strand) Sushi & bento boxes - fast food - takeaway 10% discount with Unidays app 5 min walk from conference

Byron’s Burgers - restaurant - amazing food 30% discount with Unidays app 6 min walk from conference

38 FOOD OPTIONS AROUND THE CONFERENCE VENUE Honest Burgers Burgers - restaurant - amazing food 6 min walk from conference

Soho Coffee Café - snack food - lovely atmosphere 2 min walk from conference

Pho Covent Garden Restaurant - Vietnamese - great food 7 min walk from conference

Nandos Semi-fast food restaurant - South-African and Portuguese inspired - absolute British classic Note: Not a huge vegetarian selection 8 min walk from conference

Wagamama Ramen - restaurant - takeaway available 9 min walk from conference

Bill’s Restaurant & bar - bar food - great food variety 20% discount with student ID on Sundays 3 min walk from conference

Hubbard and Bell Seasonal British cuisine - restaurant - slightly pricier 10 min walk from conference

Tesco Meal Deal (the best meal deal) Supermarket meal - cheapest and fastest option - a drink, a snack, and a sandwich for 3 pounds - great to get you through the day 4 min walk from conference

39 40 41 Important: Credentials: Please carry your conference badge visibly with you at all times. You may be otherwise denied entry to the conference venue, the social events, or the closing ceremonies.

IDs/Passports: Please carry government-issued photo IDs to the social events. Venues will be accepting ID‘s such as national IDs, driving licences, and passports. Please do NOT bring paper photocopies as proof of identification as these will not be accepted by our venues.

Dress code: Throughout the 21st conference session, please wear formal business attire or national dress.

Delegate Services: During the conference, Delegate Services at King’s College London will be based in the secretariat room and will be online via m.me/limunconference for any queries/questions you may have.

Closing Ceremony Seating: During the closing ceremony, you have all been assigned seats for safety reasons. This seat number can be found on the back of your badge. Please only sit in that seat during closings! And don‘t worry, we have made sure to seat you with your delegation.

Navigation App: 1. Search for ‚MUN Mobile‘ on the Apple App Store or Google Play Store. 2. Install the app. 3. Enter the conference code: limun

42 Awards Policy At the end of a LIMUN Conference, select delegates are rewarded for their exemplary participation with a LIMUN Diplomacy Award. LIMUN Diplomacy Awards are given to delegates who, above all, embrace the principles of cooperation and dialogue in the course of the conference. This traditionally lends itself to the diplomatic exercise that leads to the adoption of a resolution. Context - A delegate who succeeds on this remit would have made subtle concessions, without going beyond the plausible extent of compromise in the context of their assigned country and debated topic. Contribution - A delegate who succeeds on this remit would be an active figure among a bloc of delegates, and also helped to enrich the debate by contributing new ideas and impactful content for committee documents. Collaboration - A delegate who succeeds on this remit would be someone who truly espouses the ethos of the United Nations, who seeks collaboration and unity, and also provides original and creative solutions to the issues on the committee’s agenda. Examples of these diplomatic traits that LIMUN embraces may include, encouraging expression of all views in unmoderated caucuses, making possible concessions to achieve a resolution, displaying a teamwork attitude during negotiations.

Eligibility Eligibility for awards is conditional upon the submission of a Position Paper before the conference, and their presence is mandatory during all committee session. The quality of the position paper will sometimes be taken into account in case of tiebreakers if deemed necessary by the committee chairs.

Crisis Awards Crisis Diplomacy Awards will generally be awarded to delegates who demonstrate a high degree of engagement during committee discussions, working with other delegates and/or the committee chair to formulate committee plans as well as furthering their unique agenda though personal directives. The award recipient will act with a sufficient level of faithfulness to their assigned crisis character and demonstrate an understanding of the time period simulated as well as the opportunities and constraints of their position. They will use their character creatively, but not anachronistically, to improve their position within the crisis and advance their personal goals, those of their cabinet, thus contributing significantly to the overall story arc. At the same time, all delegates who fail to show respect to fellow conference attendees and/or create a hostile environment for other attendees with their words or actions may be excluded from awards due to their behaviour. Furthermore, LIMUN will not award delegates who have been shown to engage in plagiarism when producing any written document in the context of the conference.

43 LIMUN as a Safe Space Zero Tolerance Policy LIMUN will be considering any unwanted conduct that violates an individual’s dignity or constitutes victimisation, which creates an intimidating, bullying, abusive, hostile, degrading, humiliating, offensive or an otherwise uncomfortable environment as harassment. This includes harassment related to the protected characteristics of sex, race, national origin, ethnic origin, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion or belief and any form of unwanted touching that may amount to assault.

LIMUN is committed to providing a safe environment for all attendees, delegates and staff, free from discrimination or targeting on any grounds. LIMUN recognises that the competitive nature of the conference may give rise to power dynamics and the abuse of these same structures, therefore, will operate a zero-tolerance policy for any form of discrimination or harassment at the conference. Any person found to have discriminated against or physically, emotionally, or sexually harassed another will face disciplinary action, up to and including expulsion from the conference and submission to the authorities for further action (where appropriate). Please note that harassment can be a criminal offence, punishable by fines and even imprisonment.

All complaints of harassment, including and not limited to sexual harassment and or/assault, will be taken in high priority with the utmost discretion. Please note that the discipline policy procedures, whether formal or informal, may be invoked where there is evidence of misconduct and/or gross misconduct.

Implemented Policies In order to ensure that LIMUN is a safe space for all attending, the LIMUN Secretariat and Board of Trustees have implemented a series of policies. All staff, including the Secretariat, chairs, trustees, and volunteers, have completed UN Women’s I Know Gender 123 (IKG123) course on sexual harassment and consent prior to their attendance at the conference. Moreover, volunteers and the Secretariat have received brief safeguarding training to ensure that they can act as the first point of contact for anyone needing assistance.

If you were involved in an incident you would like to report to the LIMUN Foundation, please do so by either contacting a member of the volunteering team or the Secretariat or emailing [email protected]. This help box will be confidential and will be checked only by a designated member of the Secretariat. You can

44 then submit either an informal or a formal complaint through our Complaints Procedure Mechanisms. More information on these mechanisms can be found in the LIMUN Sexual Harassment Policy on our website, or by asking a member of the volunteering team or the Secretariat. LIMUN encourages prompt reporting of complaints or concerns regarding harassment and assault as timely reporting and intervention has proven to be the most effective method of resolving incidents.

Please note that this does not replace any legal or safety mechanisms: if you are in danger or feel as though you are being threatened, please do not hesitate to call the emergency services number at 999. These policies do not supersede the law and mean to serve as a guide within the activities of the Foundation.

For more information on the LIMUN Sexual Harassment Policy, and the Complaints Procedure Mechanisms, please check our website at https://limun.org.uk/policies or ask a member of staff.

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