1 Une Étude Comparative De L'adoption D'un Nouveau
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Philosophical Transactions, »
INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, » S e r ie s A, FOR THE YEAR 1898 (VOL. 191). A. Absorption, Change of, produced by Fluorescence (B urke), 87. Aneroid Barometers, Experiments on.—Elastic After-effect; Secular Change; Influence of Temperature (Chree), 441. B. Bolometer, Surface, Construction of (Petavel), 501. Brilliancy, Intrinsic, Law of Variation of, with Temperature (Petavel), 501. Burke (John). On the Change of Absorption produced by Fluorescence, 87. C. Chree (C.). Experiments on Aneroid Barometers at Kew Observatory, and their Discussion, 441. Correlation and Variation, Influence of Random Selection on (Pearson and Filon), 229. Crystals, Thermal Expansion Coefficients, by an Interference Method (Tutton), 313. D. Differential Equations of the Second Order, &c., Memoir on the Integration of; Characteristic Invariant of (Forsyth), 1. 526 INDEX. E. Electric Filters, Testing Efficiency of; Dielectrifying Power of (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electricity, Diffusion of, from Carbonic Acid Gas to Air; Communication of, from Electrified Steam to Air (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrification of Air by Water Jet, Electrified Needle Points, Electrified Flame, &c., at Different Air-pressures; at Different Electrifying Potentials; Loss of Electrification (Kelvin, Maclean, and Galt), 187. Electrolytic Cells, Construction and Calibration of (Veley and Manley), 365. Emissivity of Platinum in Air and other Gases (Petavel), 501. Equations, Laplace's and other, Some New Solutions of, in Mathematical Physics (Forsyth), 1. Evolution, Mathematical Contributions to Theory o f; Influence of Random Selection on the Differentiation of Local Races (Pearson and Filon), 229. F. Filon (L. N. G.) and Pearson (Karl). Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution.—IV. On the Probable Errors of Frequency Constants and on the Influence of Random Selection on Variation and Correlation, 229. -
Of Dr. John Huxham
Medical History, 1981, 25: 415421. THE FAME AND NOTORIETY OF DR. JOHN HUXHAM by WILLIAM SCHUPBACH* JOHN HUXHAM, M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. Edinburgh (c. 1692-1768), was an English physician whose practice was confined to Plymouth but whose writings were read throughout Europe. His literary career started with his Observationes de aere et morbis epidemicis (1739), in which meteorological records made at Plymouth from 1728 to 1737 were collated month by month with the diseases observed there. Further volumes followed the same plan from 1738 to 1748, and from 1748 to 1752. In these works there is a now conspicuous contrast between the meteorological records, which are elaborately quantified according to a scheme laid down by James Jurin, F.R.S., in 1723, and the notes on morbidity and mortality, which are superficial and sometimes reduced to names of prevalent diseases. To do justice to the extensive medical knowledge which he acquired in compiling these observations, Huxham therefore published separate treatises on the Devonshire colic, on diphtheria, on smallpox, and his best-known work, An essay on fevers (1750), which was translated into Latin, French, and Italian. Here Huxham discussed the conditions under which fevers appeared, the different types of fevers, and the remedies which, according to his reasoning, should tend to cure them. Hippocrates, "the best and oldest master of our profession"',' is. the presiding genius of the work, but Sydenham and Huxham's teacher Boerhaave are also drawn on, and Huxham's own cases are introduced at intervals.2 Huxham's writings must have been received with great interest, for they were published in London, Edinburgh, Amsterdam, Bremen, Munich, Paris, Venice, Naples, and Lisbon. -
Back Matter (PDF)
[ 395 ] INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, S e r ie s A, V o l . 193. A. Abney (W. de W.). The Colour Sensations in Terms of Luminosity, 259. Atmospheric electricity—experiments in connection with precipitation (Wilson), 289. Bakebian Lectube. See Ewing and Kosenhain. C. Colour-blind, neutral points in spectra found by (Abney), 259. Colour sensations in terms of luminosity (Abney), 259. Condensation nuclei, positively and negatively charged ions as (W ilson), 289. Crystalline aggregates, plasticity in (Ewing and Rosenhain), 353. D. Dawson (H. M.). See Smithells, Dawson, and Wilson VOL. CXCIII.— Ao : S F 396 INDEX. Electric spark, constitution of (Schuster and Hemsalech), 189; potential—variation with pressure (Strutt), 377. Electrical conductivity of flames containing vaporised salts (Smithells, Dawson, and Wilson), 89. Electrocapillary phenomena, relation to potential differences between‘solutions (Smith), 47. Electrometer, capillary, theory of (Smith), 47. Ewing (J. A.) and Rosenhain (W.). The Crystalline Structure of Metals.—Bakerian Lecture, 353. F. Filon (L. N. G ). On the Resistance to Torsion of certain Forms of Shafting, with special Reference to the Effect of Keyways, 309. Flames, electrical conductivity of, and luminosity of salt vapours in (Smithells, Dawson, and Wilson), 89. G. Gravity balance, quartz thread (Threlfall and Pollock), 215. H. Hemsalech (Gustav). See Schuster and Hemsalech. Hertzian oscillator, vibrations in field of (Pearson and Lee), 159. Hysteresis in the relation of extension to stress exhibited by overstrained iron (Muir), 1. I. Ions, diffusion into gases, determination of coefficient (Townsend), 129. Ions positively and negatively charged, as condensation nuclei (Wilson), 289. Iron, recovery of, from overstrain (Muir), 1. -
The Devonshire Colic
The Devonshire Colic H. A. WALDRON | HE Devonshire Colic was a disease of the cider counties of England. It occurred relatively infrequently in Here- ford, Gloucester, Worcester, Somerset, and Cornwall, and acquired endemic proportions only in Devon itself. The first written reference to the Colic is found in Wil- liam Musgrave's treatise on gout (Dissertatio de arthritide symptomatica) published in 1703. Musgrave was well known both as physician and antiquarian. He was born in Nettlecombe in Somerset in 1685 and educated at New College, Oxford, where he graduated Bachelor of Civil Laws in June 1682. He then moved to London and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1684, becoming Secretary of the Society in the following year. In 1685 he moved back to Oxford and was awarded his M.B. that same year. He pro- ceeded M.D. in 1689 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1692. For a few years Musgrave practised in Oxford, then in 1691 he settled in Exeter and practised there with great success until his death thirty years later. In his treatise on the gout Musgrave was concerned, amongst other things, to show how colic could precipitate attacks of gout. Since there were many varieties of colic, he began by describing them, including in. the catalogue one which prevails with the inhabitants of Devonshire, arising from the rough and acid cyder, drunk in too great quantities;... it prevails only among those who have accustomed themselves to diat drink; and they are affected more or less, in pro- portion to die quantities they make use of: so that in diose seasons when we I would like to express my thanks to the many people who helped me during the preparation of this paper. -
Back Matter (PDF)
[ 229 • ] INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, S e r ie s B, FOR THE YEAR 1897 (YOL. 189). B. Bower (F. 0.). Studies in the Morphology of Spore-producing Members.— III. Marattiaceae, 35. C Cheirostrobus, a new Type of Fossil Cone (Scott), 1. E. Enamel, Tubular, in Marsupials and other Animals (Tomes), 107. F. Fossil Plants from Palaeozoic Rocks (Scott), 1, 83. L. Lycopodiaceae; Spencerites, a new Genus of Cones from Coal-measures (Scott), 83. 230 INDEX. M. Marattiaceae, Fossil and Recent, Comparison of Sori of (Bower), 3 Marsupials, Tubular Enamel a Class Character of (Tomes), 107. N. Naqada Race, Variation and Correlation of Skeleton in (Warren), 135 P. Pteridophyta: Cheirostrobus, a Fossil Cone, &c. (Scott), 1. S. Scott (D. H.). On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Ro ks.—On Cheirostrobus, a new Type of Fossil Cone from the Lower Carboniferous Strata (Calciferous Sandstone Series), 1. Scott (D. H.). On the Structure and Affinities of Fossil Plants from the Palaeozoic Rocks.—II. On Spencerites, a new Genus of Lycopodiaceous Cones from the Coal-measures, founded on the Lepidodendron Spenceri of Williamson, 83. Skeleton, Human, Variation and Correlation of Parts of (Warren), 135. Sorus of JDancea, Kaulfxissia, M arattia, Angiopteris (Bower), 35. Spencerites insignis (Will.) and S. majusculus, n. sp., Lycopodiaceous Cones from Coal-measures (Scott), 83. Sphenophylleae, Affinities with Cheirostrobus, a Fossil Cone (Scott), 1. Spore-producing Members, Morphology of.—III. Marattiaceae (Bower), 35. Stereum lvirsutum, Biology of; destruction of Wood by (Ward), 123. T. Tomes (Charles S.). On the Development of Marsupial and other Tubular Enamels, with Notes upon the Development of Enamels in general, 107. -
The Apothecary As Man of Science
Iv THE APOTHECARY AS MAN OF SCIENCE INTRODUCTION The development and use of rational scientific methods was well established by the mid-seventeenth century. The collection of data and the systematic arrangement of ideas, the application of mathematics and sound reasoning, and, above all, the experi- mental testing of hypotheses, advocated by men of the calibre of Johan Kepler (1571-1630), Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Francis Bacon (1561-1626), and Rene Descartes (1596-1650) were, by the time of the Commonwealth, accepted roads to the advancement of knowledge. A new intellectual outlook had evolved, as noted by John Aubrey (1626-97) in 1671, "Till about the year 1649 'twas held a strange presumption for a man to attempt an innovation of learning". The English apothecary was, of course, much influenced by these changes. He developed methods of inquiry and investigation, he experimented, he joined societies, he wrote to like-minded contemporaries, he published his findings, and, above all, he had the good fortune to be caught in the toils of collectors' mania, be it "curiosities" or new information. The apothecary had a particular interest in those fields that most closely impinged upon his own profession - botany, chemistry, and medicine. Although considerable advances in the description and classification of plants and animals had been made by 1760, no great theoretical principles or "laws" of biology had been developed. It should be noted, though, that the generation of scientists arriv- ing on the scene after 1760 was able to study an immensely richer collection of natural history specimens from distant lands, which helped towards developing new interpretations of Nature based on sounder doctrines. -
Smallpox Inoculation in Britain, 1721-1830
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 1990 Pox Britannica: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain, 1721-1830 Deborah Christian Brunton University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Virus Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Brunton, Deborah Christian, "Pox Britannica: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain, 1721-1830" (1990). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 999. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/999 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/999 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pox Britannica: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain, 1721-1830 Abstract Inoculation has an important place in the history of medicine: not only was it the first form of preventive medicine but its history spans the so-called eighteenth century 'medical revolution'. A study of the myriad of pamphlets, books and articles on the controversial practice casts new light on these fundamental changes in the medical profession and medical practice. Whereas historians have associated the abandonment of old humoural theories and individualised therapy in favour of standardised techniques with the emergence of new institutions in the second half of the century, inoculation suggests that changes began as early as the 1720s. Though inoculation was initially accompanied by a highly individualised preparation of diet and drugs, more routinised sequences of therapy appeared the 1740s and by the late 1760s all inoculated patients followed exactly the same preparative regimen. This in turn made possible the institutionalised provision of inoculation, first through the system of poor relief, later by dispensaries and charitable societies. -
HOW BENJAMIN RUSH CREATED AMERICAN MEDICINE a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The
I SING THE BODY REPUBLIC: HOW BENJAMIN RUSH CREATED AMERICAN MEDICINE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Sarah E. Naramore __________________________________ Christopher S. Hamlin, Director Graduate Program in the History and Philosophy of Science Notre Dame, Indiana June 2018 Ó Copyright 2018 Sarah E. Naramore ii I SING THE BODY REPUBLIC: HOW BENJAMIN RUSH CREATED AMERICAN MEDICINE Abstract by Sarah E. Naramore In this dissertation I argue that Philadelphia Physician Benjamin Rush (1746-1813) merged medical and political theory in an unprecedented matter to form a concept of biological citizenship for the United States in the years following independence from Great Britain. A graduate of the University of Edinburgh's medical school, Rush began his career in 1769 as one of the few elite colonial physicians who held an MD degree. By the time he died in 1813, however, Rush publicly rejected the medicine he had learned in Scotland. He claimed to have created a new system predicated on simple physiological concepts adjusted to meet the needs of the young republic. In doing so he created an American medicine which had implications far out stripping the comparatively narrow purview of twenty-first century medical practice. Historically Rush's legacy has been fragmented into the histories of medicine, psychiatry, American political history, social history, and the history of reform movements. This informs the question this dissertation seeks to answer: Rush is a perennially-cited iii Sarah E. Naramore player in the history of medicine and that of the early United States, why? He was not the only Scottish-educated American physician nor the only member of a medical faculty; yet, his work stands out in a way which that of his contemporaries does not. -
Some Plymouth Worthies, Part 1
West of England Medical Journal Volume 105(i) March 1990 Some Plymouth Worthies (Part 1) Michael Reilly m.s. f.r.c.s. inspection to the cod fisheries in Newfoundland. In 1664 he visited West Africa and the Mediterranean. In the Emeritus Consultant Lipari Surgeon, Plymouth islands he was asked to tap a brother of the Governor for ascites. Shrewdly he diagnosed that the patient had been bled Most towns in this country have produced distinguished sons too much by a priest acting as a physician. The priest was who have made valuable contributions to art and science in obviously in breach of the edict of the Fourth Lateran Council their time. Plymouth is no exception. This paper deals with (A.D. 1215) which prohibited all persons in Holy Orders some names, well-known or less recognised, who practised from letting blood: 'Ecclesia abhorret a sanguine'. Yonge medicine and surgery in Plymouth during the 17th, 18th and refused to prescribe anything 'but some gentle things, which 19th centuries. all were a few came Nearly Plymouth men, gave him some ease'. He records in his journal 'for this one or two names in distant from outside and made their service I had but poor reward, except good entertainment, parts. guns and much compliment'. Those who feel confined by the modern tendency to believe A more curious case which he encountered on the same that original ideas can only fructuate in 'centres of excellence' island was one of true hermaphroditism, accidentally as the result of controlled excercises in research projects, and revealed, which he investigated in the meticulous manner that success can only be achieved by climbing prescribed which was to distinguish his later work. -
Air, Disease, and Improvement in Eighteenth-Century Britain Sir John
Air, Disease, and Improvement in Eighteenth-Century Britain Sir John Pringle (1707-1782) by Erich Weidenhammer A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology University of Toronto © Copyright by Erich Weidenhammer 2014 Air, Disease, and Improvement in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Sir John Pringle (1707-1782) Erich Weidenhammer Doctor of Philosophy Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 2014 Abstract The Scottish-born physician John Pringle (1707-1782) achieved remarkable fame as a natural philosopher, eventually becoming a physician to King George III and President of the Royal Society of London. He did so largely on the basis of a single major work. The Observations on the Diseases of the Army (1752), founded on his experience as an Army physician during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Jacobite Rebellion, was a guide to the diseases facing soldiers in Northern Europe. It also examined the nature, prevention, and treatment of epidemic fevers that afflicted large groups living in close proximity. Pringle believed, like many in his day, that epidemic fever was associated with the process of putrefaction taking place within the body. A member of the Royal Society, he performed a series of experiments on putrefaction which were subsequently appended to his Observations. These investigations earned him the Society’s Copley medal in 1752, were widely emulated across ii Europe, and established him as a natural philosopher of note. They represented, I argue, a promising approach to a problem of significant concern to early modern European society. -
Sscmasala.Com
sscmasala.com Page 2 10000 general knowledge questions and answers No Questions Quiz 1 Answers 1 Carl and the Passions changed band name to what Beach Boys 2 How many rings on the Olympic flag Five 3 What colour is vermilion a shade of Red 4 King Zog ruled which country Albania 5 What colour is Spock's blood Green 6 Where in your body is your patella Knee ( it's the kneecap ) 7 Where can you find London bridge today USA ( Arizona ) 8 What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Vodka 9 Who was the first man in space Yuri Gagarin 10 What would you do with a Yashmak Wear it - it's an Arab veil 11 Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Judas Escariot 12 Which animal lays eggs Duck billed platypus 13 On television what was Flipper Dolphin 14 Who's band was The Quarrymen John Lenon 15 Which was the most successful Grand National horse Red Rum 16 Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man Lee Majors 17 In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Sheep 18 Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle Mekon 19 What is Dick Grayson better known as Robin (Batman and Robin) 20 What was given on the fourth day of Christmas Calling birds 21 What was Skippy ( on TV ) The bush kangaroo 22 What does a funambulist do Tightrope walker 23 What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog Gnasher 24 What are bactrians and dromedaries Camels (one hump or two) 25 Who played The Fugitive David Jason 26 Who was the King of Swing Benny Goodman 27 Who was the first man to fly across the channel Louis Bleriot 28 Who starred as Rocky Balboa Sylvester Stallone -
Of Dr. John Huxham
Medical History, 1981, 25: 415421. THE FAME AND NOTORIETY OF DR. JOHN HUXHAM by WILLIAM SCHUPBACH* JOHN HUXHAM, M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. Edinburgh (c. 1692-1768), was an English physician whose practice was confined to Plymouth but whose writings were read throughout Europe. His literary career started with his Observationes de aere et morbis epidemicis (1739), in which meteorological records made at Plymouth from 1728 to 1737 were collated month by month with the diseases observed there. Further volumes followed the same plan from 1738 to 1748, and from 1748 to 1752. In these works there is a now conspicuous contrast between the meteorological records, which are elaborately quantified according to a scheme laid down by James Jurin, F.R.S., in 1723, and the notes on morbidity and mortality, which are superficial and sometimes reduced to names of prevalent diseases. To do justice to the extensive medical knowledge which he acquired in compiling these observations, Huxham therefore published separate treatises on the Devonshire colic, on diphtheria, on smallpox, and his best-known work, An essay on fevers (1750), which was translated into Latin, French, and Italian. Here Huxham discussed the conditions under which fevers appeared, the different types of fevers, and the remedies which, according to his reasoning, should tend to cure them. Hippocrates, "the best and oldest master of our profession"',' is. the presiding genius of the work, but Sydenham and Huxham's teacher Boerhaave are also drawn on, and Huxham's own cases are introduced at intervals.2 Huxham's writings must have been received with great interest, for they were published in London, Edinburgh, Amsterdam, Bremen, Munich, Paris, Venice, Naples, and Lisbon.