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The Effect of Collective Regulatory Focus and Perceived Organizational Support

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The Effect of Collective Regulatory Focus and Perceived Organizational Support TEAM INNOVATION AND CITIZENSHIP PERFORMANCE: THE EFFECT OF COLLECTIVE REGULATORY FOCUS AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT By PATRICIA CIUPAK JORDAN Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1986 Master of Business Administration Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1992 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 2014 TEAM INNOVATION AND CITIZENSHIP PERFORMANCE: THE EFFECT OF COLLECTIVE REGULATORY FOCUS AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT Dissertation Approved: Dr. Craig Wallace Dissertation Adviser Dr. Tracy Suter Dr. Bryan Edwards Dr. Ricki Ingalls ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “All that I am or ever hope to be, I owe to my angel mother.” —Abraham Lincoln I have dreamed of this day for a very long time, and I finally made it! I would never have been able to complete this journey on my own, so I want to say thanks to my extraordinary husband, Jeff, and my two wonderful children, Blake and Summer, for supporting me through this process. I recognize that these past few years have been a sacrifice for all of you; for your patience, I will forever be grateful. Jeff, you are my rock; it is because of you that I had the strength and endurance to reach out and fulfill my lifelong goal. I could not have done this without you, and you deserve this Ph.D. just as much as I do. Thanks to my co-workers and colleagues who provided me encouragement, especially Sally. I also want to thank the faculty at OSU, my committee, and especially Dr. Craig Wallace. It was through your guidance that I became a better researcher and teacher. Also, I want to say thanks to my fellow cohort members who made going back to school fun and exciting. But most of all I want to thank my parents. Dad, thank you for raising me to be the strong woman I have become. Mom, I wish you were here to share this moment with me. I know you are looking down on me and are proud of what your daughter has accomplished. It is because of you that I am the person I am today. You are always in my heart. iii Acknowledgements reflect the views of the author and are not endorsed by committee members or Oklahoma State University. Name: PATRICIA CIUPAK JORDAN Date of Degree: JULY, 2014 Title of Study: TEAM INNOVATION AND CITIZENSHIP PERFORMANCE: THE EFFECT OF COLLECTIVE REGULATORY FOCUS AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT Major Field: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Abstract: This study investigates the impact perceived organizational support and a team climate for innovation has on team innovation and citizenship performance. Collective regulatory focus is utilized as a mediating process to assess the team’s motivational behavior and how it affects the team’s performance. The study was conducted by first surveying team members working throughout a manufacturing organization and then having the employees’ immediate supervisors rate their performance in the two key performance areas of innovation and citizenship. The results demonstrated that perceived organizational support played an active role in moderating team performance; however, it did not appear to be related to the team climate for innovation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE....................................................................................5 Organizational Framework of Team Level Antecedents ........................................5 Team/Group Performance ........................................................................................6 Innovation Performance ...........................................................................................8 Citizenship Performance ........................................................................................10 Climate ...................................................................................................................11 Climate for Innovation ...........................................................................................13 Perceived Organizational Support .........................................................................15 Regulatory Focus Theory .......................................................................................19 Collective Regulatory Focus ..................................................................................20 III. CONCEPTUAL MODEL ......................................................................................24 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses ..............................................................24 Climate for Innovation and Performance ...............................................................26 Collective Regulatory Focus and Performance......................................................28 Team Climate for Innovation and Regulatory Focus .............................................31 Collective Regulatory Focus as a Mediator ...........................................................32 Perceived Organizational Support as a Moderator ................................................33 IV. METHODOLOGY ...............................................................................................39 Methods..................................................................................................................39 Measurements ........................................................................................................40 Team Climate Inventory ................................................................................. 40 Regulatory Focus .............................................................................................42 Organizational Support ....................................................................................42 Innovation ........................................................................................................42 Citizenship .......................................................................................................43 Analysis..................................................................................................................43 Psychometrics .................................................................................................43 v Aggregation.....................................................................................................44 Hypothesis Testing.................................................................................................45 Test for Mediation..................................................................................................45 Moderated Regression .....................................................................................47 Moderated-Mediated Regression .....................................................................47 V. RESULTS ..............................................................................................................49 Data Collection .....................................................................................................50 Psychometrics ........................................................................................................50 Team Climate Inventory ..................................................................................50 Regulatory Focus ............................................................................................52 Perceived Organizational Support ..................................................................53 Performance .....................................................................................................53 Overall Model ..................................................................................................54 Assessment of Aggregation ...................................................................................54 Hypothesis Testing.................................................................................................58 Simple Main Effects ........................................................................................58 Team Climate for Innovation as a Predictor of Performance .............................. 58 Collective Regulatory Focus as a Predictor of Performance ............................... 59 Team Climate as a Predictor of Collective Regulatory Focus............................. 59 Collective Regulatory Focus as a Mediator for Predicting Performance ........59 Test for Moderation of Perceived Organizational Support ..............................63 Supplemental Analysis...........................................................................................65 Application of Model to Individual Level .......................................................65 Hypothesis Testing H1-H3 using Correlation Coefficient...............................66 Team Climate for Innovation as a Predictor of Performance .............................. 66 Collective Regulatory Focus as a Predictor of Performance ............................... 66 Team Climate as a Predictor of Collective Regulatory Focus............................. 66 Individual Level Analysis by Pay Type ...........................................................67 Perceived Organizational Support as an Antecedent to TCI .................................68 Summary of Results ..............................................................................................70
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