Northern Ireland Derry ~ Londonderry
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The River is a divisive construct both in Derry~Londonderry and in Northern Ireland at large. Before the construction of the Foyle Bridge in the 1980s, the Carlisle Bridge was the only crossing, making the Foyle representative of the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
Even with the three current local Foyle crossings, the river acts as a distancing factor between the majority of the sectarian populations. The Battle of Bogside between the RUC and the RUC The Battle of Bogside between one of the first major was Bogside residents of the Troubles. confrontations happens protest march in The first civil rights Derry/Londonderry. The IRA splits, forming the hardliner Provisional IRA Bloody ends in 14 civilian deaths as Sunday British troops fire on unarmed protesters. from Westminster governed is Ireland Northern under Direct Rule. The Irish Free State was formed under the Anglo-Irish treaty, formed under the Anglo-Irish treaty, State was The Irish Free itself from the new state. It and Northern Ireland removed officially made so in 1949. a republic, but was effectively was Associationformed The Northern Ireland Civil Rights was (NICRA). August October December is announced. Internment January March police Act allows emergency of Terrorism The Prevention to arrest and detain suspected powers IRA members for up to 7 days. prisoner status is revoked. Political begin Hunger strikes in prisons. from hunger Sands is the first to die of starvation Bobby Prisoner status. His of Political the removal over strikes and violence. death sparks a surge of PIRA recruitment an the Irish government gives The Anglo-Irish agreement advisory role in the ruling of Northern Ireland. an IRA providing are offered a seat in parliament Sinn Fein cease fire. IRA cease fire. The IRA resume the conflict during peace talks in Belfast. is made in Belfast both agreement as a The Good Friday Northern Irish political by parties agreement multi-party British and Irish agreemnet between and as an international governments. would The Bloodyestablished, which Inquiry was Sunday Report. result in the Saville eventually The PIRA start decommissioning. 1922 1967 1968 1971 1972 1974 1976 1980 1981 1985 1993 1994 1996 1998 2001
Protestant British
Catholic Irish
National identity in Northern Ireland according to 2011 census
The Troubles
Religious identity in Northern Ireland according to 2011 census
Religious distribution by county in 1991
Religious distribution by county in 1861 Territorial Acts
Republicans In the historically republican area of Bogside, formal murals surround Free Derry Corner, where the violence of Bloody Sunday culminated.
Throughout the area, Irish Republican flags are prevalent, as well as the informal graffiti of the BRY (Bogside Republican Youth) and the RIRA.
Loyalists
The march of the Orange Order makes its way across the bridge and through the predominantly Loyalist area of the Fountain Estate. The residents have marked the streets with Union Jack colours and other Unionist symbols.
Painting and marching have added significance in a city with political unease amongst sectarian populations, and it becomes instinctive to ‘claim’ land as one’s own through these territorial acts.
Crossing the Wall
The design is intended to introduce another point of access to the wall, at the point of two intersecting boundaries: that of the historic city wall, and that of the modern peace line separating the Fountain from an otherwise heavily republican west bank.
The route activates the dead spaces of both the bastion and the adjacent green space, and by creating a link between the two encourages interaction with the programme. How to Simply Exist
Le Corbusier’s Cabanon defines the idea of the ‘pod’ for living, in terms of arrangement, circulation and the minimum articles required.
1:50 basic plan of the essentials in my pod: bed, bookcase, kettle, clothing rack, fridge and storage. Shower and WC facilities can be used from nearby establishments, from which meals can also be bought. Rain is a Blessing
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sunset - 22:15 sunrise - 04:50
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Soe Ker Tie or The Butterfly Huts by TYIN The wing-shaped rooves collect rainwater a
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Tegnestue. Dormitories for refugee children in Noh which can be stored and used for cleaning. :
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Bo on the Thai-Burmese border.
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What is Home?
Substance tests as a method of applying layers of paper to form a layered shell that would constitute a topographical map. Below are Skinned by KNOL Ontwerp: 2014 Serpentine Pavilion by Smiljan Radic. The images from light tests and samples of each material. fibreglass shell brings in a warm light. latex casts of derelict buildings form a transluscent membrane. The parameters were waterproofing, toxicity and durability. Polyx and varnish were the best against water but toxic or texturally unpleasant. Organic mixtures were generally useless against water, but this could be remedied with a shelter. Polyx Varnish PVA Overall, egg white provided the best texture and stiffness.
Egg White
Egg Heavy Polyx Light Polyx Flour Egg White Egg White Water PVA PVA would not go to According to a 2005 survey of 399 Protestant respondents: Waterloo Place
where size of blue portion represents number of uneasy individuals
would not go to Guildhall Square
would go shopping in the Diamond ‘I wouldn’t like to think that we’re becoming a wee pocket here and we’ll be surrounded and then we’ll have to put up with what the Fountain has to put up with.’
would not ‘It’s like living in a cage, you can’t go anywhere.’ go to Foyle St. ‘I feel totally comfortable going to the Cityside to shop. I don’t know whether it’s my age or not being brought up in the height of the Troubles... I would go out and socialise in the Cityside; I’d go to the bars and socialise but obviously not all of them - there are some that are too nationalist.’
would go to Foyleside shopping centre
feel safer living in predominantly private dwelling Protestant Exaggerated contours of Estimated contours of the neighbourhoods Derry ~ Londonderry ‘map of home’ community developments (schools, gov’t, etc.) commercial developments
believe the Protestant community is confident enough to move back to the Cityside
believe the ‘other’ community would like them ‘to move out of the city’
80% feel unsafe or compared to 19% when scared walking in a walking through their Catholic area after own neighbourhood dark
The Weaver’s Nest by Porky Hefer. Using willow lends itself to more curved or organic types of structure, especially if using live willow.
Derry - Londonderry Wonderland In the listed grounds of Ebrington square: A place for participatory democracy to flourish, enabling all sectors of society to engage and participate.
Existing Physical Structures
Interiors of existing buildings around Ebrington Square: Most are shells, stripped or derelict.
The structure of the building at the centre of the walled site can be seen from photographs taken through the window. The precise detailing can only be guessed from these. It can be assumed that no great expense has been taken in insulating this building, since it has previously only been used for storage. It will therefore need to be replaced or at least altered Ebrington barracks, 1998 for inhabitation. Enclosure by Fortification Liminal States
Edge conditions constitute a significant phenomenon in Derry~Londonderry, both in the physical (wards, river, topographical) and in the historical.
Ebrington Square exists in a condition at the brink of a complex history, as the former site of the army barracks, and a key space in a peaceful regeneration project. Conflict intensity at Belfast peace lines 2014 2012. Ebrington Square construction, since used for events such as Radio 1 Big Weekend and Fleadh 2013.
2011. Peace bridge construction.
2002. The area was finally demilitarised as a peaceful gesture.
1970. Due to the troubles, the site reverted to an army base and could house over 1000 1955 soldiers at the height of the conflict. The Edge of History
1933 Museum / Heritage buildings on the proposed site.
1914-18, 1939-45. Barracks in full use throughout the war.
1904 1904. The building inside the keep was built.
1873
2019 - onwards
The derelict spaces around Ebrington Square are due to be filled to create a ‘new town centre’ for Derry ~ Londonderry 1854
1840. Ebrington barracks first constructed.
1831
1689. The first use of the site for military purposes. Then agricultural land, it went by ´Stronge´s Orchard´and was used by Jacobite forces during the siege of Derry to bombard the walled city.
Wonderland
Waterside Theatre Glendermott Road Recycling Centre Opened in 2001, the theatre complex was built in the Books, furniture, soil, derelict Ebrington Shirt textiles and raw building Factory. materials such as wood and metal are all recycled here. Retractable seating for 372 with the intention of stimulating arts and social life of the area.
Echo Echo Dance Theatre
A small dance company with an approach to dance theatre that involves participation programmes.
The Millenium Forum
The largest local purpose-built theatre, the forum hosts a range of events including theatre, music and comedy.
AM noon PM
The Playhouse June
est. 1992 as a community-based space for the arts.
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December
Development out of Dereliction where darker areas represent abandoned buildings
The diptych play(s) House & Garden by Alan Ayckbourn are performed simultaneously on adjacent stages. Actors travel between the two to depict narratives that can be read individually or as a whole. Impossible Architecture
Floating Buildings by Laurent Chehere Photography serves as inspiration for architecture that seems beyond belief
(Ching, 1975, p.3.5) (Ching, 1975, p.3.9)
Drawing based on Ching´s diagrams for point footing foundations Placing Structural Interventions
Structural connection details: Steel to concrete (left) and timber to concrete (right).
Sammlung Boros, Berlin: The private dwelling of the old bunker is separated from the public gallery, but their coexistence is expressed in the intertwining staircases that rise through the whole building.
Delineating Public / Private
Robert Overweg’s Flying and Floating photo series captures the virtual worlds of computer combat games
In traditional theatre, the majority of the main production space is given over to auxiliary spaces that serve the primary ‘seen’ space.
Filip Dujardin is an artist and architecural photographer The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a prime example of expressionist set design, who creates surreal structures from existing buildings. providing distorted spatial experiences of impossible environments. IJP present a flexible method of defining space using pegs and string in Medium-Sized Cultural Space, MoMA PS1 Ghost House, NYC 2011.
Potential for Variance
Rather than follow my initial idea for a building that develops as the theatrical programme inside evolves, it would be more financially and ecologically sustainable if the building could evolve alongside the programme. This calls for a production space with a mechanism for flexibility. Roll & Slide
Sliding door detail based on a Dorma design
Jagnefalt Milton designed These ideas of sliding and folding all serve as an exploration this rolling masterplan for of previous methods of moving large components or even Åndalsnes in Norway. The entire buildings to provide a flexible design. They all however scheme uses railway tracks rely on fixed paths along which components can be moved, to move buildings around where I’m looking for a method that can be adapted over according to the eseasons. long periods of time.
Peter Zumthor’s museum in Bregenz The Maison de Verre in Paris uses thicker The Optical Glass House by Hiroshi Nakamura glass blocks to diffuse the light entering the & NAP uses glass bricks that mimic the building and provide privacy for the interior. traditional masonry construction, to a similar effect.
Daylighting Strategies (Ching, 1975, 11.25)
Peter Zumthor’s museum in Bregenz allows diffused daylight to come in through a glass facade. The light enters the galleries through a suspended ceiling of the same frosted material. Structural Development The ‘Traditional’ Theatre Dynamic The Reveal
Laurent Chehere Photography
Ebis sequi volorer chillupta quo volupta ni que et ut faccat as pre con pa is perchil mo corisciunt illorehenis volenihilis ipsam fugit vollupt atendelique voluptates et qui bla dolupta sperchillam, tem exero volorrum rest, quistion
History Today
Vande Moortel makes a selection of environmentally friendly ‘Nature7’ bricks, Brick A shown here. They are solid unsanded moulded bricks, dimensioned at 73x54x224.
Sigurd Lewerentz uses a lot of flat bricks in his construction, and n the case of the St. Petri church in Klippan, a running bonded brick cladding around a steel frame.
In construction, Lewerentz’s bricks are laid with a soft mortar that is originally wiped loosely over the facade to create a smooth finish. With time, the mortar corrodes slightly to produce the effect of recessed pointing.
Sigurd Lewerentz’s famous windows of St. Petri in Klippan are fixed to the external face of the building. Although drawings of these are not available, a detailed account of construction methods provides a basis for reconstruction of these, seen left. The Window The facade of Alvar Aalto’s Muuratsalo Experimental House uses a patchwork of different brick bonds and types to break up a face that might otherwise appear too stern.
The recommended minimum slope for slate roofing in extreme weather conditions is a ratio of 6:12. The minimum slope for a standing seam roof cladding is much less, at a ratio of 3:12. The two can be combined to create a roof of multiple slopes, where the material responds to the design intent.
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