Iannis Xenakis, Iannis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Iannis Xenakis, Iannis Iannis Xenakis, Ingénieur etArchitecte. | Iannis Xenakis, Ingénieur et Architecte. Une analyse thématique de l’œuvre, suivie d’un inventaire critique de la collaboration avec Le Corbusier, des projets architecturaux et des installations réalisées dans le domaine du multimédia. Sv Sven Sterken en Sterken Thèse de doctorat déposée pour l’obtention du degré de docteur en Sciences Appliquées, Section Architecture Année Academique 2003-2004 Directeur de Thèse : Prof. Dr. Bart Verschaffel TABLE DES MATIERES i Iannis Xenakis, architecte. Table des matières. Table des matières Introduction générale A. But 5 B. Structure de la thèse 6 C. Déroulement de la recherche 9 D. Remerciements 10 Partie I : Analyse thématique I) Travailler chez Le Corbusier. Le cas de Iannis Xenakis. 14 A. Introduction 14 B. De la "grande camaraderie" à l’économie du travail 16 C. Le conflit comme stratégie créative 37 D. « Exactitude, justesse et précision » : Xenakis dans la perception de Le Corbusier 43 E. Conclusion 47 F. Coda 50 II) Vers une architecture "volumétrique". Le paradigme des surfaces réglées dans l’œuvre de Iannis Xenakis. 51 A. Introduction 51 B. Les surfaces réglées 52 C. Surfaces réglées et géométrie complexe chez Le Corbusier 56 D. Vers une architecture volumétrique 67 E. « Penser la musique dans son lieu » 71 1) Introduction 71 2) Le Diatope 73 3) La Cité de la musique 77 F. Conclusion 81 III) A la recherche d’un art de l’espace-temps. Les polytopes comme laboratoire architectural. 83 A. Introduction 83 iii Iannis Xenakis, architecte. Table de matières. B. L’Art cinétique 84 1) Définition 84 2) Les trois étapes dans l’art cinétique 85 3) L’Art laser 89 C. Les Polytopes 92 1) Introduction : la synthèse des arts à l’ère électronique 92 2) Abstraction 93 3) Technologie et spatialité 98 4) Le paradoxe de la technique 101 D. Les Polytopes comme laboratoire architectural 104 1) Introduction 104 2) L’espace énergétique 104 3) Architecture, conditionnement et rupture 107 E. Conclusion 110 IV) Variations sur un thème ancien. Notes sur les rapports entre la musique et l’architecture chez Xenakis. 115 A. Introduction 115 B. A la quête d’un fondement abstrait de la musique 117 1) Du "projet bartokien" à l’abstraction 117 2) Le Modulor 119 3) Les pans de verre ondulatoires 127 4) Metastasis 133 5) Le Pavillon Philips 137 C. L’Espace : de la métaphore à l’immersion 141 1) Graphisme et visée globale 141 2) Spatialisation : clarté du discours et immersion 143 3) "Notes sur un geste électronique" et les incidences de l’électro-acoustique 147 4) Retours sur une époque : la Cité de la musique 151 D. Conclusion 155 V) Au-delà de l’interdisciplinarité. Xenakis et l’utopie de la "morphologie générale". 159 A. Introduction 159 B. La Villecosmique 159 C. Utopie : entre le non-lieu et le bon lieu 166 1) Introduction 166 2) L’architecture comme opérant 167 3) Utopie etnon-lieu 171 D. La cabane primitive de Xenakis. 173 1) La notion de cabane primitive 173 2) Xenakis, maison à Campomoro 174 E. Vers une morphologie générale 178 1) L’Antiquité grecque 178 2) Forme, œuvre,structure 179 3) Vers une morphologie générale 180 F. Conclusion : vers une transdisciplinarité ? 183 iv Iannis Xenakis, architecte. Table des matières. Partie II : Index critique des projets d’architecture Introduction générale 189 I) Les années Le Corbusier 191 1. Sources et méthode 191 2. Les Unitésd’habitation 195 a) Introduction 195 b) L’Unité d’habitation de Marseille 196 c) L’Unité d’habitation de Nantes 202 d) Le concours d’urbanisme du Quartier de Rotterdam à Strasbourg 212 e) L’Unité d’habitation de Briey-en-Forêt 216 f) L’Etude d’urbanisme de Meaux 220 3. Chandigarh 225 a) Introduction 225 b) La Grilleclimatique 228 c) Les "Epures du soleil", la "Tour des ombres" et l’"Arc des solstices" 232 d) La Haute cour 236 e) Le Secrétariat 240 f) Le Palais du Gouverneur 246 g) L’Assemblée 250 h) Le Stade de Chandigarh 256 4. Le Couvent de La Tourette 260 5. Espace Le Corbusier 268 6. Le Pavillon Philips 274 7. Stade olympique, Bagdad 284 8. Interventions ponctuelles 290 a) Exposition « Le Corbusier » 291 b) Le concours d’urbanisme de Berlin (1957) 292 c) Le Pavillon du Brésil 294 d) Le Musée d’art occidental de Tokyo 295 9. Pièces annexes 296 a) Grille Climatique de l’atelier Le Corbusier. 297 b) Brevet ou Modèle déposé pour les pans de verre dénommés « Ondulatoires » 299 c) "Assemblée Chand – L.C. 2-2-56. Notice Technique" 301 d) "Ligne de conduite pour l’établissement des marchés de E.TO". 303 e) "Le Corbusier construit un couvent pour les Dominicains à la Tourette" 306 f) "Ville de Firminy. Projet de construction d’un Stade municipal et d’une Maison des jeunes au lieu dit "les Razes". Notice descriptive. " 308 g) Lettre de Iannis Xenakis à Le Corbusier 311 10. Cahier d’illustrations 313 v Iannis Xenakis, architecte. Table de matières. II) Iannis Xenakis, architecte indépendant 345 1. Introduction 345 2. "SCHR 100" 348 3. Cité des Arts 351 4. Centre "Le Corbusier" 354 5. Cité de la Musique, Paris 356 6. "La Ville cosmique" 364 7. Maison de vacances, Grèce 370 8. Rénovation de deux bergeries, Corse 376 9. Maison Reynolds 380 10. Extension et transformation d’une maison de famille à Paris 384 11. Résidence secondaire en Corse 386 12. Interventions ponctuelles 389 13. Pièces annexes 390 a) "Cité des arts de Chiraz-Persépolis. Programme." 391 b) Centre des arts, La Chaux-de-Fonds 395 c) Cité de la musique, Parc de la Villette. Rapport de présentation 396 d) "La Ville cosmique" (extrait) 403 14. Cahier d’illustrations 405 III) Les Polytopes 419 1. Introduction 419 2. Le Polytope de Montréal 422 3. Le Polytope de Persépolis 428 4. Le Polytope de Cluny 434 5. Le Diatope 442 6. Le Polytope de Mycènes 454 7. Le Polytope du Mexique 460 8. Le Polytope d’Athènes 464 9. Polytopes : autres projets 467 a) Décor mobil pour un spectacle de ballet (1969) 468 b) "Amesha Spenta" 470 c) "Hibiki-Hana-Ma" 474 d) Projet d’un spectacle de son et lumières à Arc-et-Senans (1979) 476 e) "Taurhiphanie" 479 f) "Introduction aux droits de l’homme et de l’automate" 480 10. Pièces annexes 483 a) "Les Polytopes" 484 b) "Scénario approximatif des événements lumineux et visuels du vide du Pavillon de la France à l’Exposition 1967 de Montréal." 485 c) "Persepolis. Spectacle and Music by Iannis Xenakis." 487 d) Polytope de Persépolis, Scénario. 488 e) Les Polytopes de Beaubourg. 489 f) Polytope de Mycènes. Résumé du scénario. 493 g) Polytope d’Athènes. Extrait du scénario. 494 11. Cahier d’illustrations 497 vi Iannis Xenakis, architecte. Table des matières. Partie III : Pièces annexes générales 1. Chronologie comparative 513 2. Répertoire des plans signés par Xenakis dans les archives de la Fondation Le Corbusier 525 3. Inventaire récapitulatif des personnes, des institutions et des archives consultées 543 4. Liste des illustrations et crédits 545 5. Résumé en langue néerlandaise 551 Partie IV : Bibliographie générale 1. Introduction 573 2. Xenakis: écrits portant sur l’architecture et les Polytopes 573 3. Xenakis : monographies et entretiens majeurs 577 4. Xenakis architecte: littérature secondaire 579 5. Xenakis : filmographie 582 6. Le Corbusier : écrits 582 7. Le Corbusier : littérature secondaire 583 8. Littérature secondaire : généralités 587 vii INTRODUCTION GENERALE A. But Ingénieur de formation et architecte par métier, Iannis Xenakis (1922-2001) est considéré aujourd’hui comme un des compositeurs les plus influents et les plus originaux du vingtième siècle ; en témoigne la quantité innombrable d’études qui lui sont consacrées1. Il constitue un des rares artistes auquel on a attribué le qualificatif de "classique" déjà de son vivant ; à cet égard, il n’y a pas l’ombre d’un doute en ce qui concerne la pertinence de sa pensée pour la musique actuelle, au niveau esthétique aussi bien que théorique et technique. En revanche, le statut de son œuvre d’architecte, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble de sa démarche dans le domaine de l’espace, est beaucoup plus problématique. Non seulement cette œuvre est très réduite en taille, elle a également largement été éclipsée par la notoriété de Xenakis en tant que compositeur. D’où l’appréciation quelque peu ambiguë de ce volet de sa démarche artistique dans la littérature secondaire : certains auteurs ont tendance à accepter sa validité a priori, tandis que d’autres suggèrent qu’il s’agit d’une simple incursion, dans le domaine de l’espace, d’un compositeur doté de certains talents particuliers. Dans les deux cas, le résultat est le même : l’œuvre n’est pas étudiée en tant qu’œuvre, mais par rapport à un tiers élément qui n’y est pas forcément lié. Chaque artiste établit un discours concernant son œuvre ; ces propos peuvent guider l’interprétation de sa démarche. En revanche, une fois orpheline, c’est à l’œuvre elle-même de prouver sa légitimité. La valeur d’une œuvre et d’une pensée artistique peut se mesurer par la pertinence des questions qu’elle soulève dans un contexte autre que celui de sa création ou de sa formulation. Cet exercice constitue la pierre de touche de l’actualité de l’œuvre à l’étude. Cependant, avant d’interroger le travail d’un artiste, il est nécessaire de pouvoir y accéder. Tout autant, avant de se prononcer sur une œuvre, il faut d’abord la présenter. C’est là que réside le problème principal de l’œuvre d’architecte de Xenakis : jusqu’à présent, aucun chercheur n’a effectué une analyse complète et nuancée de ses activités dans ce domaine2.
Recommended publications
  • Iannis Xenakis Celebration of the Centenary of the Composer (1922-2001) by the Percussions De Strasbourg
    Iannis Xenakis celebration of the centenary of the composer (1922-2001) by the Percussions de Strasbourg Pléiades at the Festival Milano Musica Percussions de Strasbourg Percussions Celebration of the centenary of the de Strasbourg IANNIS XENAKIS composer (1922-2001) by the Percussions de Strasbourg It has been said several times that, thanks to percussion, Xenakis reintroduced the problem of rhythm that was thought to have disappeared from contemporary music. Architect, engineer and composer, this genius of composition writes music whose complex and harmonious structure contrasts with the explosive energy that comes out of it. The Percussions de Strasbourg are proud to have collaborated so closely with this composer who dedicated to them the works Persephassa (1969) and Pléiades (1979), which have become a must in the field of percussion. Idmen A and B (1985) is also dedicated to the Percussions de Strasbourg. Psappha (1975) and Rebonds A and B (1987-88) are solos that appear in our repertoire as well as the trio Okho (1989). Minh-Tâm Nguyen, artistic director of the Percussions de Strasbourg Xenakis and the Percussions de Strasbourg, 1984 2021: 20th death anniversary of the composer 2022: Centenary of the birth of the composer ON TOUR Pléiades (1979) - intermission - Persephassa (1969) immersive concert for 6 percussionists July 2021, Reggia di Caserta, Naples, Italy 19th of March 2022, Philharmonie, Paris, France 10th of April 2022, Megaron Concert Hall, Athens, Greece 12th of April 2022, Thessaloniki Concert Hall, Thessaloniki, Greece
    [Show full text]
  • ´Electronique Based On
    Vincenzo Lombardo,∗ Andrea Valle,∗ John Fitch,† Kees Tazelaar,∗∗ A Virtual-Reality Stefan Weinzierl,†† and Reconstruction of Poeme` Wojciech Borczyk§ ´ ∗Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Electronique Based on sulla Multimedialita` e l’Audiovisivo Universita` di Torino Philological Research Virtual Reality and Multi Media Park ViaS.Ottavio20 10123 Torino, Italy [email protected]; [email protected] †Department of Computer Science University of Bath BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom [email protected] ∗∗Institute of Sonology Royal Conservatory Juliana v. Stolberglaan 1 2595CA Den Haag, The Netherlands [email protected] ††Fachgebiet Audiokommunikation Technische Universitat¨ Berlin Einsteinufer 17c D-10587 Berlin, Germany [email protected] §Instytut Informatyki Wydzial Automatyki Elektroniki i Informatyki Politechniki Slaskiej´ Akademicka 16 44-100 Gliwice, Poland [email protected] “The last word is imagination” [Le dernier mot est Electronique´ (1958). This seminal work was Varese’s` imagination] (Edgard Varese,` in Charbonnier 1970, only purely electroacoustic work (apart from the p. 79): with this statement, Varese` replies to George very short La Procession de Verges` of 1955; Bernard Charbonnier, closing a 1955 interview about the 1987, p. 238), and also, to the best of our knowledge, aesthetic postulates of his long but difficult career. the first electroacoustic work in the history of While speaking about the relationship between music to be structurally integrated in an audiovisual music and image, Varese` declares—somewhat context (cf. Chadabe 1997). surprisingly—that he would like to see a film based The history of Poeme` Electronique´ , as docu- on his last completed orchestral work, Deserts´ mented by Petit (1958) and Treib (1996), goes back (1954).
    [Show full text]
  • Akrata, for 16 Winds by Iannis Xenakis: Analyses1
    AKRATA, FOR 16 WINDS BY IANNIS XENAKIS: ANALYSES1 Stéphan Schaub: Ircam / University of Paris IV Sorbonne In Makis Solomos, Anastasia Georgaki, Giorgos Zervos (ed.), Definitive Proceedings of the “International Symposium Iannis Xenakis” (Athens, May 2005), www.iannis-xenakis.org, October 2006. Paper first published in A. Georgaki, M. Solomos (éd.), International Symposium Iannis Xenakis. Conference Proceedings, Athens, May 2005, p. 138-149. This paper was selected for the Definitive Proceedings by the scientific committee of the symposium: Anne-Sylvie Barthel-Calvet (France), Agostino Di Scipio (Italy), Anastasia Georgaki (Greece), Benoît Gibson (Portugal), James Harley (Canada), Peter Hoffmann (Germany), Mihu Iliescu (France), Sharon Kanach (France), Makis Solomos (France), Ronald Squibbs (USA), Georgos Zervos (Greece) … a sketch in which I make use of the theory of groups 2 ABSTRACT In the following paper the author presents a reconstruction of the formal system developed by Iannis Xenakis for the composition of Akrata, for 16 winds (1964-1965). The reconstruction is based on a study of both the score and the composer’s preparatory sketches to his composition. Akrata chronologically follows Herma for piano (1961) and precedes Nomos Alpha for cello (1965-1966). All three works fall within the “symbolic music” category. As such, they were composed under the constraint of having a temporal function unfold “algorithmically” the work’s “outside time” architecture into the “in time” domain. The system underlying Akrata, undergoes several mutations over the course of the music’s unfolding. In its last manifestation, it bears strong resemblances with the better known system later applied to the composition of Nomos Alpha.
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Vagopoulou, Evaggelia Title: Cultural tradition and contemporary thought in Iannis Xenakis's vocal works General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Cultural Tradition and Contemporary Thought in lannis Xenakis's Vocal Works Volume I: Thesis Text Evaggelia Vagopoulou A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordancewith the degree requirements of the of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts, Music Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Shiraz Dissertation Full 8.2.20. Final Format
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO The Shiraz Arts Festival: Cultural Democracy, National Identity, and Revolution in Iranian Performance, 1967-1977 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy In Music By Joshua Jamsheed Charney Committee in charge: Professor Anthony Davis, Co-Chair Professor Jann Pasler, Co-Chair Professor Aleck Karis Professor Babak Rahimi Professor Shahrokh Yadegari 2020 © Joshua Jamsheed Charney, 2020 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Joshua Jamsheed Charney is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Co-chair _____________________________________________________________ Co-Chair University of California San Diego 2020 iii EPIGRAPH Oh my Shiraz, the nonpareil of towns – The lord look after it, and keep it from decay! Hafez iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page…………………………………………………………………… iii Epigraph…………………………………………………………………………. iv Table of Contents………………………………………………………………… v Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………… vii Vita………………………………………………………………………………. viii Abstract of the Dissertation……………………………………………………… ix Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter 1: Festival Overview …………………………………………………… 17 Chapter 2: Cultural Democracy………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Xenakis Performance, Practice, Philosophy
    Exploring Xenakis Performance, Practice, Philosophy Edited by Alfia Nakipbekova University of Leeds, UK Series in Music Copyright © 2019 Vernon Press, an imprint of Vernon Art and Science Inc, on behalf of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Science Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world: Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Series in Music Library of Congress Control Number: 2019931087 ISBN: 978-1-62273-323-1 Cover design by Vernon Press. Cover image: Photo of Iannis Xenakis courtesy of Mâkhi Xenakis. Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respective owners. While every care has been taken in preparing this work, neither the authors nor Vernon Art and Science Inc. may be held responsible for any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. Table of contents Introduction v Alfia Nakipbekova Part I - Xenakis and the avant-garde 1 Chapter 1 ‘Xenakis, not Gounod’: Xenakis, the avant garde, and May ’68 3 Alannah Marie Halay and Michael D.
    [Show full text]
  • Sprechen Über Neue Musik
    Sprechen über Neue Musik Eine Analyse der Sekundärliteratur und Komponistenkommentare zu Pierre Boulez’ Le Marteau sans maître (1954), Karlheinz Stockhausens Gesang der Jünglinge (1956) und György Ligetis Atmosphères (1961) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) vorgelegt der Philosophischen Fakultät II der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Musik, Abteilung Musikwissenschaft von Julia Heimerdinger ∗∗∗ Datum der Verteidigung 4. Juli 2013 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Auhagen Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Hirschmann I Inhalt 1. Einleitung 1 2. Untersuchungsgegenstand und Methode 10 2.1. Textkorpora 10 2.2. Methode 12 2.2.1. Problemstellung und das Programm MAXQDA 12 2.2.2. Die Variablentabelle und die Liste der Codes 15 2.2.3. Auswertung: Analysefunktionen und Visual Tools 32 3. Pierre Boulez: Le Marteau sans maître (1954) 35 3.1. „Das Glück einer irrationalen Dimension“. Pierre Boulez’ Werkkommentare 35 3.2. Die Rätsel des Marteau sans maître 47 3.2.1. Die auffällige Sprache zu Le Marteau sans maître 58 3.2.2. Wahrnehmung und Interpretation 68 4. Karlheinz Stockhausen: Gesang der Jünglinge (elektronische Musik) (1955-1956) 85 4.1. Kontinuum. Stockhausens Werkkommentare 85 4.2. Kontinuum? Gesang der Jünglinge 95 4.2.1. Die auffällige Sprache zum Gesang der Jünglinge 101 4.2.2. Wahrnehmung und Interpretation 109 5. György Ligeti: Atmosphères (1961) 123 5.1. Von der musikalischen Vorstellung zum musikalischen Schein. Ligetis Werkkommentare 123 5.1.2. Ligetis auffällige Sprache 129 5.1.3. Wahrnehmung und Interpretation 134 5.2. Die große Vorstellung. Atmosphères 143 5.2.2. Die auffällige Sprache zu Atmosphères 155 5.2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Users\Hhowe\Dropbox\Courses
    Iannis Xenakis (1922-2001): Catalogue of Musical Compositions (from www.iannis-xenakis.org) Seven untitled pieces, Menuet, Air populaire, Allegro molto, Mélodie, Andante : 1949-50; piano, unpublished. Six Chansons : 1951; piano; 8’. Dhipli Zyia :1952; duo (vln, vlc); 5’30. Zyia :1952; 2 versions: a) soprano, men’s chorus (minimum 10) and duo (fl, pno); b) soprano, fl, pno; 10’. Trois poèmes : 1952; narrator and pno; unpublished. La colombe de la paix : 1953; alto and 4-voice mixed chorus; unpublished. Anastenaria. Procession aux eaux claires : 1953; mixed chorus (30), men chorus (15) and orchestra (62); 11’. Anastenaria. Le Sacrifice :1953; orchestra (51); 6’. Stamatis Katotakis, chanson de table : 1953; voice and 3-voice men chorus; unpublished. Metastasis : 1953-4; orchestra (60); 7’ Pithoprakta :1955-6; string orchestra (46), 2 trb and perc; 10’ Achorripsis :1956-7; orchestra (21); 7’ Diamorphoses :1957-8; electroacoustic tape. 7’. Concret PH :1958; electroacoustic tape; 2’45". Analogiques A & B :1958-9; string ensemble (9) and electroacoustic tape; 7’30". Syrmos :1959; string ensemble (18 or 36); 14". Duel :1959; 2 orchestras (56 total) and 2 conductors; variable duration (circa 10’). Orient-Occident :1960; electroacoustic tape; 12’. Herma : 1961; for solo piano; 10’ ST/48,1-240162 :1956-62); orchestra (48); 11’ ST/10, 1-080262 : 1956-62; ensemble (10); 12’ ST/4, 1-080262 : 1956-62; string quartet; 11’ Morsima - Amorsima (ST/4, 2-030762) :1956-62); quartet (pno, vln, vlc, db); 11’ Atrées (ST/10, 3-060962) : 1956-62; ensemble (11); 15’. Stratégie : 1962; 2 orchestras (82 total) and 2 conductors; variable duration (10 to 30’) Polla ta dhina :1962; children's chorus (20) and orchestra (48); 6’ Bohor :1962; electroacoustic tape; 21’30".
    [Show full text]
  • Formal Aspects of Iannis Xenakis'6,Symbolic Music,': a Computer-Aided Exploration of Compositional Processes
    Journal of New Music Research 2004, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 145-159 fr) Routtedge Formal Aspects of Iannis Xenakis'6,Symbolic Music,': A computer-Aided Exploration of compositional processes Carlos Agon, Moreno Andreatta, Gérard Assayag and Stéphan Schaub Equipe Représentations Musicales, pompidou, IRCAM Centre Georges I Place I. Stravinsky, 75004 paris, France Abstract trVe present computer models of two works for solo instru- ofsounds, and later applied aspects ofgame theory to music. ment by Iannis Xenakts: Herma for piano (1962) and Nomos By the end of the 1950s, he tumed to algebra and logic. He Alpha for cello (1965). Both works were described by the called symbolic music the body of musical works that composer (in his book Formalized Music) as examples of resulted fiom the latter approach. "symbolic music." Xenakis' detailed description of formal Herma, for piano, and Nomos Alpha, for cello, are two aspects in his compositional process rnakes it possible to such examples. Both are nowadays considered masterpieces implement computer models that recreate essential elements and have become part ofthe repertoire of many pianisis and of the ûnal scores. For ow implementations, we use OptN- cellists. These works were chosen as the subject ofour srudy MUSIC, a visual programming language based on Common- because of the wealth of details provided by Xenakis in his Lisp/CLOS developed at Ircam. Based on the experiences a-priori t\eoretiçal description of these compositions. gathered flom developing and exploring these computer Xenakis has published numerous commentaries on his models, we discuss the theorctical concepts used by Xenakis ov"n musical output.
    [Show full text]
  • Holmes Electronic and Experimental Music
    C H A P T E R 2 Early Electronic Music in Europe I noticed without surprise by recording the noise of things that one could perceive beyond sounds, the daily metaphors that they suggest to us. —Pierre Schaeffer Before the Tape Recorder Musique Concrète in France L’Objet Sonore—The Sound Object Origins of Musique Concrète Listen: Early Electronic Music in Europe Elektronische Musik in Germany Stockhausen’s Early Work Other Early European Studios Innovation: Electronic Music Equipment of the Studio di Fonologia Musicale (Milan, c.1960) Summary Milestones: Early Electronic Music of Europe Plate 2.1 Pierre Schaeffer operating the Pupitre d’espace (1951), the four rings of which could be used during a live performance to control the spatial distribution of electronically produced sounds using two front channels: one channel in the rear, and one overhead. (1951 © Ina/Maurice Lecardent, Ina GRM Archives) 42 EARLY HISTORY – PREDECESSORS AND PIONEERS A convergence of new technologies and a general cultural backlash against Old World arts and values made conditions favorable for the rise of electronic music in the years following World War II. Musical ideas that met with punishing repression and indiffer- ence prior to the war became less odious to a new generation of listeners who embraced futuristic advances of the atomic age. Prior to World War II, electronic music was anchored down by a reliance on live performance. Only a few composers—Varèse and Cage among them—anticipated the importance of the recording medium to the growth of electronic music. This chapter traces a technological transition from the turntable to the magnetic tape recorder as well as the transformation of electronic music from a medium of live performance to that of recorded media.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Electronic Music
    introduction to electronic music Bruno Ruviaro 2011-05-31 Stanford University CCRMA (Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics) Glitch Dataplex (2005), by Ryoji Ikeda Mash Up All Day (2010), by Girl Talk Plunderphonics Dab (1989), by John Oswald Turntablism Christian Marclay Grandmaster Flash 1980s 1980s Computer music Turenas (1972) by John Chowning Acousmatic music Tremblement de terre très doux (1978) by François Bayle orchestra of loudspeakers, cinéma sonore, GRM Early analog synthesizers Late 1960s: Wendy Carlos Isao Tomita Early computer music Late 1950s: Max Mathews Lejaren Hiller Early analog synthesizers Late 1960s Wendy Carlos Isao Tomita Early computer music Late 1950s Max Mathews Lejaren Hiller Early analog synthesizers Late 1960s Wendy Carlos Isao Tomita Early computer music Late 1950s Max Mathews Lejaren Hiller Text-sound composition Visage (1961) by Luciano Berio speech & music, radiophonic art, linguistics Stochastic music Concrete P.H. (1958) by Iannis Xenakis sound masses, formalized music, UPIC, music & architecture Elektronische Musik Gesang der Jünglinge (1955-6) by Karlheinz Stockhausen serialism, Cologne studio, sinusoidal school Musique Concrète Étude aux chemins de fer (1948) by Pierre Schaeffer sound object, acousmatic music, concrete sound John Cage Imaginary Landscape #1 (1939) Edgard Varèse Organized Sound Music as Art-Science (1930s) Luigi Russolo Futurism Art of Noises (1913) First electronic instruments Theremin (1920) Telharmonium (1901) . n o i s e n o i s e truck n o i s e truck static n o i s e truck static rain . n o i s e truck static rain . musical instruments! John Cage (1912-1992) But after all, what is music but organized noises? And a composer, like all artists, is an organizer of disparate elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Περίληψη : a Music Composer of Greek Origin, Coming from a Family of the Greek Diaspora
    IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Ροβίθη Χαρά Μετάφραση : Αμπούτη Αγγελική Για παραπομπή : Ροβίθη Χαρά , "Xenakis Iannis", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=11573> Περίληψη : A music composer of Greek origin, coming from a family of the Greek Diaspora. During his lifetime, being as a participant of the social, political and cultural life in the years following the Second World War, he followed a course of research and creation serving his vision of art. Iannis Xenakis produced a rich musical, architectural and auctorial work which made him one of the most important progressive creators of the 20th century. Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης 29th of May, 1922 ? (or 1921), Brăila, Romania. Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου 4th of February, 2001, Paris. Κύρια Ιδιότητα Architect, mechanic, composer. 1. The First Years-Basic Studies Iannis Xenakis was born in Brăila of Romania, on the 29th of May, 1922 (the date is uncertain as it is probable that he was born in 1921) of parents who were members of the Greek Diaspora. His father, Klearchos, director of a British import-export company, came from Euboea, and his mother, Fotini Pavlou, came from the island of Limnos. Iannis Xenakis had two younger brothers, Kosmas, an urban planner and a painter, and Iasonas, a philosophy professor. Xenakis was introduced to music by his mother, who was a pianist. It is said that during his early childhood his mother gave him as a present a flute encouraging him to get involved in music. When he was five years old, his mother died from measles and the three children were brought up by French, English and German governesses.
    [Show full text]