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Composing with Process Research > COMPOSING WITH PROCESS: COMPOSING WITH PROCESS: PERSPECTIVES ON GENERATIVE AND PERSPECTIVES ON GENERATIVE AND SYSTEMS MUSIC SYSTEMS MUSIC #4.1 Generative music is a term used to describe music which has Time been composed using a set of rules or system. This series of six episodes explores generative approaches (including This episode looks at the relationship between time and music. It examines the algorithmic, systems-based, formalised and procedural) to impact of technological development and how time is treated within a range of composition and performance primarily in the context of musical idioms. experimental technologies and music practices of the latter part of the twentieh century and examines the use of determinacy and indeterminacy in music and how these 01. Summary relate to issues around control, automation and artistic intention. The fourth episode in this series introduces the idea of time and its relationship to musical practices. The show opens with thoughts about time drawn from Each episode in the series is accompanied by an additional philosophy, science and musicology and shows how these are expressed in programme featuring exclusive or unpublished sound pieces musical form, and looks at the origins of sonic action, musical behaviors and by leading sound artists and composers working in the field. notational systems as a way of engaging with the temporal realm. With a specific reference to the emergence of sound recording technologies – both vinyl and tape – the show examines how new technologies have impacted musical vocabularies and changed the relationship between sound, time and music. It closes with a PDF Contents: brief look at how computer based editing has extended this paradigm and opened the way for stochastic methods of sound generation. 01. Summary 02. Playlist Part I 02. Playlist 03. Bibliography 04. Related links Part I 05. Acknowledgments 06. Copyright note Steve Miller Band 'Fly Like an Eagle' ( Fly Like an Eagle , Capitol Records, 1976) Catherine Christer Hennix 'Netori / Hashigakari Chord' ( Concertzender 06/06/05 , 1976) Written and edited by Mark Fell and Joe Gilmore. Narrated by Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs 'Foggy Mountain Breakdown' ( Earl Scruggs and Connie Treanor. Friends , lMCA Nashville, 2010) Laurie Spiegel 'Drums' ( Obsolete Systems , Electronic Music Foundation, 2001) Farmers Manual 'fm+3*.-sheffield-mic-1 98 ?' ( Or MD Comp , Or, 2003) Mark Fell is a Sheffield (UK) based artist and musician. He Santiago Rodriguez 'Allegro Appassionato' ( Rachmaninoff. Piano Sonata N°1, has performed and exhibited extensively at major Preludes Op. 32 , Elan, 2010) international festivals and institutions. In 2000 he was Rodgers and Hammerstein 'Do-Re-Mi' ( The Sound of Music , 1959) – midi file awarded an honorary mention at the prestigious ARS Kozo Inada '5' ( J[] , Sonoris, 2007) Electronica, and in 2004 was nominated for the Quartz award Farmers Manual '366' ( Fsck , Tray, 1997) for research in digital music. He recently completed a major Iannis Xenakis 'Tetras' ( Chamber Music, 1955-1990 , Montaigne, 2000) new commission for Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary, Pierre Schaeffer 'Etude Aux Chemins de Fer' ( 1er Panorama de Musique Vienna which premiered at Youniverse, International Biennal Concrète , Ducretet Thomson, 1956) of Contemporary Arts, Sevilla. He is currently working on a Karlheinz Stockhausen 'Studie I' ( Studie I / Studie II / Gesang der Jünglinge, research project at the University of York UK funded by the Deutsche Grammophon, 1964) Arts and Humanities Research Council looking at Karlheinz Stockhausen 'Studie II' (Studie I / Studie II / Gesang der Jünglinge, independent practices in radical computer musics. Deutsche Grammophon, 1964) www.markfell.com John Cage 'Imaginary Landscape No. 5' ( Imaginary Landscapes , hat Art, 1995) Oval 'Catchy Daad' ( Systemisch , Mille Plateaux, 1994) Joe Gilmore is an artist and graphic designer based in Leeds (UK). His work has been exhibited at various digital art festivals and galleries. His recorded works have been 03. Bibliography published internationally on several record labels including: 12k/Line (New York), Entr'acte (London), Cut (Zürich), Fällt Milton Babbitt, The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt . Princeton, New Jersey: (Belfast) and Leonardo Music Journal (San Francisco). Joe is Princeton University Press, 2003. currently a part-time lecturer in the department of Graphic Design at Leeds College of Art & Design. He is also a founder Andrew Clay McGraw 'Different Temporalities: The Time of Balinese Gamelan'. of rand()%, an Internet radio station which streamed Richmond, Virginia: University of Richmond, 2008. generative music. http://joe.qubik.com http://rwm.macba.cat Martin R. L. Clayton, 'Free Rhythm: Ethnomusicology and the Study of Music without Metre', Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , 59. 1992, pp. 323–332. Martin R. L. Clayton, 'Time, Gesture and Attention in a Khya ̄l Performance', Asian Music, vol. 38, no. 2. Texas: University of Texas Press, 2007. R. L. Crocker and Anne Draffkorn Kilmer, 'The Fragmentary Music Text from Nippur', Iraq , vol. 46, no. 2. British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 1984, pp. 81–85. Dimitris Exarchos, 'Inside/outside-time: Metabolae in Iannis Xenakis's Tetora', in Makis Solomos, Anastasia Georgaki, Giorgos Zervos (ed.), Definitive Proceedings of the International Symposium Iannis Xenakis. London: Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2005. Dimitris Exarchos 'Iannis Xenakis’s Writing and Outside-time Musical Structures', Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Interdisciplinary Musicology. London: Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2008. Anne Draffkorn Kilmer, 'A Music Tablet from Sippar: BM 65217 + 66616 ', Iraq , vol. 46, no. 2. British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 1984, pp. 69–80. Peter Lynds, 'Time and Classical and Quantum Mechanics: Indeterminacy vs. Discontinuity', Foundations of Physics Letters , vol. 16, no. 4, 2003. [Pierre Schaeffer] Peter Manning, 'The Influence of Recording Technologies on the Early Development of Electroacoustic Music', Leonardo Music Journal, vol. 13. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2003, pp. 5–10. Jean Molino, 'Towards and Evolutionary Theory of Music and Language', The Origins of Music. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000. Bruce Richman, 'How Music Fixed Nonsense into Significant Formulas: on Rhythm, Repetition and Meaning', The Origins of Music. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000. James Tenney and Larry Polansky, 'Temporal Gestalt Perception in Music', Journal of Music Theory , vol. 24, no. 2. Durham: Duke University Press, 1980. Karl H. Worner , Stockhausen : His life and Work , (trans. and ed .) Bill Hopkins. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973. Iannis Xenakis, Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition , Harmonologia Series , no. 6. Pendragon Press, 1992. Iannis Xenakis, Kéleütha (Ecrits). Paris: L’Arche, 1994. 04. Related links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_time_units#Time http://www.brocku.ca/MeadProject/Bergson/Bergson_1910/Bergson_1910_toc.ht ml http://www.john-cage.halberstadt.de/new/index.php?l=e http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-07/icc-gwi072703.php http://library.thinkquest.org/27930/time.htm http://www.peterlynds.net.nz/ http://www.iep.utm.edu/phe-time/ http://rwm.macba.cat http://itotd.com/articles/582/quantized-time/ http://www.ourladyswarriors.org/saints/augcon11.htm#chap14 http://www.integralscience.org/abouttime.html http://www.iep.utm.edu/time/ 05. Acknowledgements Special thanks to Curtis Roads. Recorded at The Music Research Centre, University of York, UK. New Aesthetics in Computer Music research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council UK. [Laurie Spiegel] 06. Copyright note 2011. All rights reserved. © by the respective authors and publishers. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders; any errors or omissions will be corrected whenever it's possible upon notification in writing to the publisher. http://rwm.macba.cat .
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