Listed Buildings Descriptions for Inquiry

Listed Buildings and their Descriptions as Referred to in the Cultural Heritage Chapter (8) of the Updated ES for the Llandinam Scheme

Data derived from Cadw's Listed Building database - July 2008, © Crown 2008

Compiled by CPAT, December 2013

In this document Listed Buildings are ordered by their Cadw reference number which was also used in the Updated ES. Name: St Michael and All Angels church, Kerry

Listed Building: 7558

Grade: I

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1471790101

Location: Located within a circular churchyard on the N side of the Square, at the centre of Kerry village.

History: Kerry was the early centre of Christianity of the cwmwd of Ceri. The church was reputedly founded in the C8 by Cadwgan, then within the diocese of Llanbadarn. The pre- conquest collegiate church which is believed to have occupied the same site, was re-dedicated on a famous occasion in 1176 when archdeacon Giraldus de Barri (Cambrensis) forcibly claimed the church for the diocese of St David's, excommunicating the rival Bishop of St Asaph at the church door.

The present building incorporates a late C12 nave with arcades to N and S aisles, the latter removed in the C17, a stout C12-C13 W tower and C14 chancel. It was restored by G.E. and later A.E.Street from 1881-3, the tower further restored in 1924 by Harold Hughes. The apsidal E end of the Norman church was uncovered during the C19 restoration.

Exterior: External walls, of 1883, are of Llanymynech limestone with Grinshill freestone dressings replacing the medieval Alderbury-type sandstone dressings. Slate roofs with red clayware ridges. Nave and N aisle of equal length, with independent pitched roofs, the aisle being slightly narrower. Massive tower with varied buttresses and stair projection at NE corner, rising 3 stages to a weatherboarded top, and pitched roof of 2 stages. C19, S porch, has moulded timber-framed front incorporating tracery. Windows all C19 replicating pattern of the one surviving early C14 window with quatrefoil head in N aisle, and 3-light E window. C15 3-light window in E wall of chancel. Early C13 priest's door has large filleted bowtell jambs and head. Tower has one inserted early C14 window on S, and irregularly placed small lights.

Also within the churchyard approximately 10m SW of the tower, an C18 or early C19 sundial with octagonal fluted shaft raised on a ball with stylised leaf decoration, mounted on a 2-step octagonal base.

Interior: Medieval, C14, arch-braced collar beam roof with windbraces over nave, restored 1883, and arch-braced collar roof with cusped windbraces and 2 tiers of purlins over aisle, the trussed rafter barrel roof over the E end springing lower. Walls plastered. Four bay round- arch arcade to N aisle set on circular columns with round capitals enriched, on the W respond, with dogtooth. The single order nave arcade develops as a two-order chamfered round arch order against the chancel, with increasing richness, ballflowers and mouldings towards the E. The bases of a similar arcade appear externally on the S side. Fine C14 piscina in N aisle, E end. The upper stage of the tower is timber framed, with very long tension braces. The bellframe is freestanding, of 3 bays, probably C17, with straight bracing to the centre posts, and carries three bells, one dated 1679, another inscribed God Save the Church of England (sic).

Glass: E window, a crucifixion, by Kempe, c1871. Fittings: All C19. Font, at W end of aisle, a panelled octagon on a tapering base, raised over 2 steps. Pulpit, oak part octagon, raised on stone steps and incorporating some late medieval work. Altar rail a heavy round pole with terminals, on iron supports. Reredos of Grinshill stone, panelled, with brattished cornice. The choir stalls, of Riga pine, have a front range with book stand.

Monuments: At W end of N aisle, (a) a fine monument comprising a casket flanked by reading and writing children. Pedestal over with coloured arms carrying a full portrait bust, all set against a grey stone field. To Richard Jones of Black Hall, later Greenwich, purser in the Royal Navy and benefactor, 1788. Also (b) Oval wall tablet, white tablet on oval, to William Broome 1786. (c) Oval white on grey, to Hugh Maxwell, 1810 (the date altered); (d) Draped urn over tablet, coved corners and guttae, arms and palms, by Booby Fr of Bath, to John Owen Herbert, 1824; (e) White tablet on black, to Rev. John Jenkins [Ifor Ceri], patriot and chaplain to the Duke of Clarence, 1829; (f) Gothic stone aedicule, to Frances Hensley; (g) small white marble tablet to John Pugh, and (h) tablet commemorating the rededication of the church by Giraldus Cambrensis, by Mainwaring, Carmarthen, erected by Thomas Burgess, Bishop of St David's, in 1818. Two early monuments on return wall, a slab to Joseph Bulkeley and wife, 1738 and 9, and a slab incised with a merry putto, to the 'Revd and learned John Catlyn, vicar, 1717. He established a school in Kerry in 1714. On W wall of nave, (i) Gothic aedicule, by E. Clarke, London, to Harriet and Walter Long, 1847; (j) White on grey marble, a figure reading whilst dove descends in light, by F.Tyler, London, to Margaretta Herbert of Forest, 1838; (k) White marble widow reclining on a broken column, by C.Lewis, Cheltenham, to John Herbert of Dolforgan, 1807, and three other small tablets. Under tower, (l) an oval limestone wall monument with border, over a cornice, to Thomas Powell of Mainllwyd, 1778.

Furnishings: Two Herbert hatchments on N wall of aisle.

Reason: Included as an important church famous for its association with Giraldus Cambrensis, which retains significant early medieval work, competently restored by an eminent Victorian church architect, and of group value with other listed buildings in the centre of Kerry conservation area.

References: Haslam R, Powys Buildings of Wales series (1979), p62, pp112-4, and plates 14 and 30; Jerman H N, 'Kerry, the Church and Village', A guide, (1976); Rowley-Morris E, 'History of the Parish of Kerry', Montgomeryshire Collections XXV (1891), including plan and details, pp380-1; Archaeologia Cambrensis XXV, (1891), p383, also (1902), (1936) & (1947).

First listed 3/10/53, last amended 9/12/96

Name: Dolforgan Hall

Listed Building: 7561

Community: Kerry (Powys)

Grade: II*

NGR: SO1430090306

Location: Located on the valley bottom at the end of a driveway leading off the main road 1km W of Kerry village, and set amid its former estate, with stable building, formal garden, and shrubbery.

History: The house, which is approximately square with two main elevations to E and S, has extensive service buildings to the N and W. It occupies the site of a C17 and possibly earlier manor, the residence of the Fox family. After coming into the possession of the Herberts in the mid C17, and a beneficial marriage settlement in 1772, it was largely rebuilt c1790 for John Herbert of Park, as mentioned in Fenton's Tour, leaving some C17 work to the rear. It remained in Herbert possession until a successor married Walter Long the Younger of Wiltshire in 1846, but it was settled on his father after his untimely death, who passed it to Richard Penruddocke Long, High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire in 1858. He was forced to sell the heavily encumbered estate to James Walton in 1870 who sold it on to John William Willans, a distinguished engineer, in 1894. In the early C20 the estate was in the hands of the Jones family in whose possession it remains. It is now divided into five self-contained flats. The architect of the main Adamesque elevations is not known, but possibly was John Johnson (Haslam).

Exterior: Brick with a hipped late roof hidden by raised parapets. The garden front, facing S, is rendered and painted brick with stone detailing. Three storeys, 5 bays, symmetrical, with an open loggia on 4 Ionic columns in antis at the centre, the entablature carried through to the ends of the building. The slightly wider end bays have each a single opening with moulded and eared architrave, now doorways. The first floor has plain 12-pane sashes, and square 6- pane sash windows to the attic floor. The E elevation is also of 5 bays, with pilasters flanking the wider centre bay. Central entrance, a 6-panelled door, is set within a tetrastyle Ionic portico with attached pilasters at the back, and an iron capping balustrade. Interrupted stone string course between first and second floors, and parapet carrying urns over the pilasters, and a small central panel with a wyvern (the Herbert crest). Twelve-paned sashes, the central window above the portico having a shallow segmental Adamesque fan tympanum. Six-paned windows to top floor. Brick extension to N, set back.

Interior: The portico entrance opens into a square hall, which leads to a square stair hall to the rear, having a wide timber stair with quarter landings, bracketed treads, stick balusters, and the landing faced with a running scroll. Opening from the stair hall to the S, a parlour, with marble fireplace, elaborate plaster cornice, and outline-panelled walls. Double mahogany doors of the best quality open into the former dining room in the E corner of the house. This also has a marble fireplace, line-panelled walls, and a moulded cornice and oval patterned ceiling. To the rear (SW) of the stair hall, an added billiard room with top lantern, and recessed gothic cupboard.

Reason: Included at Grade II* as the major gentry house of Kerry, with good C18 facades and a fine interior, in a good contemporary setting. References: Fenton R, Richard Fenton's Tour of Wales, (1804); Haslam R, Powys Buildings of Wales series, (1979), p114; Rowley-Morris E, 'History of the Parish of Kerry', Montgomeryshire Collections XXV, (1891); Williams Rev. Richard, 'Montgomeryshire Worthies' Montgomeryshire Collections XVII, (1884); Archaeologia Cambrensis, (1917), 34; Introduction to J.B. Willan's schedule of documents deposited in the National Library of Wales; Glansevern Papers in the National Library of Wales.

First listed 3/10/53, last amended 9/12/96

Name: Upper Cwm-y-ddalfa

Listed Building: 7565

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1366287665

Location: The house is on a level site overlooking the farmyard, in the centre of the narrow valley, Cwm-y-ddalfa, and accessed by a farm track from Brynllywarch through the yard of Lower Cwm-y-ddalfa.

History: The house, formerly known as Middle Cwm-y-ddalfa before the upper, Blaen Cwm- y-ddalfa was abandoned, is a large C17 lobby entry plan house. A two storey, two-bay cross wing and cellar was added at the S end in 1736 for the Revd. George Herbert and his wife Elizabeth, the house being a Herbert family home since being acquired by Richard Herbert, bailiff of Montgomery, from Foxe of Cainham in 1646-7. George Herbert was vicar of Kerry from 1720/1 but may not have lived here.

Exterior: Timber framing of small square panels, refurbished and coated with pebbledash, and applied on vertical lathing over weatherboarding on the SW end. Slate roof with brick axial and end wall stacks. The windows and doors were replaced in the 1940-1950's. Central gabled open porch over part-glazed door. Metal windows, and timber casement windows to the upper floor, and 18-pane sashes to E front of the wing. The gable end of the wing is jettied, and has prominent datestone reading G E H / 1736. Very large external stone stack with offsets at N end of main range which has small lean-to at rear.

Interior: Lobby leads to living room to left (S) and service room to right. Most interior framing, panelling and detail present but now covered up. Divided stair, probably inserted in C18, with simple stick balustrade. Ceiling joists chamfered, some with pyramid stops, and supported on chamfered posts of unknown date in the hall and service room. Very large open fireplace, in service room with oven. The W room of the wing is said to be panelled under the present finishes.

Reason: Included as an important farmhouse retaining much original work under the later cladding.

References: Haslam R, Powys Buildings of Wales series, (1979), p115; Smith P, Houses of the Welsh Countryside, 1975, p166 and fig. 123; Willans JB, 'Houses and Some Families connected with Kerry', Montgomeryshire Collections XLVII, (1942), p156, with photograph of framing before rendering at Plate IV, fig 3.

First listed 3/10/53, last amended 9/12/96 Name: Cefn Bryntalch Hall

Listed Building: 7714

Grade: II*

Community: Llandyssil (Powys)

NGR: SO1769896320

Location: Located in a sheltered position near the top of a wooded hill which overlooks the Severn Valley. Close to a motte and bailey castle. The house is approached by a sweeping drive and is surrounded by contemporary gardens.

History: Dating from 1869, the house is by G.F. Bodley with possible assistance from Philip Webb, who may have completed the project. It was built for Richard Edward Jones who had made a fortune in the flannel trade. His descendants occupied it for several generations including the composer Peter Warlock (formerly Philip Heseltine) b. 1894, who lived here intermittently from 1903 until his death in 1930, and wrote much of his music here.

Exterior: The design of the house skilfully fuses a vernacular vocabulary with elements of an early Georgian revival to create a harmonious and expressive composition. The plan is arranged around a central stair hall; the 3-bay garden front is to the S, with the entrance front to the E, and the W wing projecting towards the rear (N). Constructed of red brick under tile roofs with 5 tall red brick stacks, arranged asymmetrically, and each with 4 or 6 diagonally set shafts. Two storeys with attics and cellar.

The garden front is the most formally C18 in its detail, with an overall symmetrical arrangement, though a balanced asymmetry controls the detail. Articulated as 3 bays by a range of attic gables, and with outer 2-storeyed bay windows, canted by chamfered angles. These have painted 8-pane flush framed sash windows on each floor, and moulded string courses - the lower one continuing across the elevation, and its return elevations to E-W. Between these advanced bays, there is a central doorway, a narrow, glazed door with integral overlight between a small bracketed canopy. This is flanked by an asymmetrical arrangement of small-paned windows, but symmetry is asserted by the placing of a Palladian window over the doorway at 1st floor level, with its flanking small-paned casements. Casement windows of 2 and 3 lights to attic, above deeply marked string course.

The 3-bay entrance front demonstrates an imaginative combination of the Georgian revival and vernacular styles, blending a partially timbered storeyed porch with a classical Georgian symmetry and brickwork detail. The narrow projecting 3-storey gabled porch is centrally placed. Its upper storey is timber framed with diagonal struts and is surmounted by a bell tower. The brick lower storeys are articulated by angle pilasters, with triangular pediment above the round-arched entrance, and a segmentally arched pediment clasped between the pilasters above the first floor window. Immediately below the hoodmould is a sandstone shield displaying a date of 1869. On the S side of the porch at first floor level is an oval window with quadrant stays. Curved stone steps rise to the front entrance. The panelled half- glazed front door has a round-arched top within a moulded wooden frame with a central `keystone'. The parapet, string course and a brick plinth continue across the range from the garden front. The outer bays have narrow sash windows as on the garden front, generally of 8 panes and set flush with their moulded frames. There are 3 attic gables set back from the parapet containing 3-light casements with diamond glazing. The W elevation is an informal composition which explores the potential of brick architecture in a domestic revival spirit to create a highly expressive, picturesque grouping. At the S end, the parapet and dripmould continue round from the garden front, and there is a pair of 8-pane sashes to the dining room with two widely spaced 6-pane casements above. Beyond, is an asymmetrical gable anchored by a large eaves stack with 3 diagonally set brick shafts on its S side. To the N, the roof of the main range is hipped, and a short cross wing with a partially tile hung gable end projects from this. The main range continues beyond a further large stack with grouped shafts to the N at a lower level, with a catslide roof extending almost to the ground. The windows are 3, 4 or 5-light transomed casements under brick arched heads and with diamond quarries. The floor levels in the servants quarters are lower than in the main part of the house.

To the rear a small courtyard is formed between the advanced E and W wings. Set back in the centre is the rear of the stair hall, with a Palladian window offset at first floor level, (aligned with the similar window on the garden front). At ground level, is a 3-light transomed casement with square leaded lights, and a wood planked door under a segmental arched head. A rendered gablet is set back behind the parapet with a five-light window containing diamond quarries. The west range, containing the servants quarters, extends further than the east range. The W side has a catslide roof to its rear (W), but the E side is of 2 storeys and attic and has transomed casement windows with small quarries under segmental brick arches as elsewhere. One has been altered to form a doorway. The gable end has a modern door into the W side, a 4-pane casement under a relieving arch in the attic and a ground floor window as elsewhere. The E range has a central gable stack. To its E, the parapet and dripmould finish approximately 0.5m from the NE angle, while there are small windows W of the stack.

Interior: The interior is consistantly neo-Georgian in style and detail. The main E door leads into a small entrance hall. From here the interior is dominated by a central stair hall and an imperial staircase, which rises to a galleried landing with raised ceiling above. The main reception rooms and bedrooms are located along the garden front at ground and first floor levels, respectively. On the ground floor, there are 3 reception rooms entered from an open corridor; the door to the central room is located centrally to the stair and has a scrolled pediment. Opposite, at the top of the first flight of stairs the Palladian window is set within a recessed arch. The dining room is at the W end, and its door faces E towards the entrance. Supporting the upper flights of stairs are two arcades aligned north-south. They have square panelled piers with mouldings, each supporting 2 basket arches. The hall has a roughly triangular plan, the apex being formed by the staircase which has recessed openings to each side. The staircase has turned balusters and there are 2 per tread. The newel posts are made up of 4 turned balusters and the hand rail has cavetto mouldings. There are 3 front bedrooms accessed from the galleried, balustraded landing, each with a dressing or wash room.

The service area is located in the W wing and the attic, and is large compared with the rest of the house. There is access at all levels between the service and main areas of the house. The attic rooms are entered from a U-shaped corridor which follows the external plan of the ranges. There are dry and damp cellars beneath the house. The dry cellars are subdivided and include wine cellars, all accessed via openings with brick arched heads.

Joinery in the house is consistently detailed, including C18-style panelled doors with moulded architraves, some with round arched heads. There is panelling below dado level, except on the south side of the hall where it continues to picture rail level. There are moulded cornices throughout, panelled recesses and shutters to the windows.

Reason: Listed grade II* as a major and well preserved example of G.F. Bodley's work in domestic architecture, considered innovative for its use of neo - Georgian style, which is worked into the expressive forms of brick vernacular revival to create a house of remarkable refinement. The house is of considerable historic interest as being the home of the composer Peter Warlock. It forms part of a tightly designed group with its service buildings to the rear.

References: Hall M, 'Simple people and homely minds', Country Life, 1st Sep. 1994, pp 58-61; Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, p 75; Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 1990, p 1532; Dictionary of National Biography 1922 - 30, 1937, pp 416-7; RCAHM Wales files; Information from owners.

First listed 10/26/53, last amended 7/14/97

Name: Llwynmadoc Farmhouse

Listed Building: 7716

Grade: II

Community: Llandyssil (Powys)

NGR: SO1768694606

Location: The house is located in a relatively open, low-lying position, accessed from a long track SE of Abermule. There is a farmyard to the rear of the house, surrounded by barns.

History: Late C18 - C19 house, possibly with a later hipped roof.

Exterior: Symmetrical, 3-storey, 3 window range of square plan. Random rubble masonry with brick dentilled eaves under a hipped slate roof with 2 brick stacks. There is a 2-storey range to the rear with brick end stack and a single storey lean-to to the E, both of rubble masonry under slate roofs. The front (S) elevation is symmetrically aranged with central entrance in an impressive stone doorcase. It has a round head with 3 orders of mouldings, and columns and capitals. Within it is a planked door with arched overlight. All the window openings have slightly arched voussoired heads. C20 casement windows throughout, wood to the first and attic storeys and PVC-U windows flanking the front door. The E side has 3 blocked window openings above the lean-to, all under voussoired heads. The W side is similar. To the N (rear), there is a C20 bay window with wooden casement above and a stairlight to the W with PVC-U glazing. There is a planked door to the lean-to and a 4-pane window in its E side. The E side of the rear range contains the rear entrance to the house, a planked door within a porch canopy. It has 3-light wooden casements below the eaves, and similar windows to the ground floor under segmental brick heads. This range has a catslide extension to the W and a 2-light casement in the gable end.

Interior: No access to interior at time of inspection.

Reason: Listed, not withstanding alteration to fenestration, as a fine late C18 - early C19 stone house retaining some original character, including a fine doorcase.

First listed 10/26/53, last amended 7/14/97

Name: Glanhafren

Listed Building: 7730

Grade: II*

Community: Welshpool (Powys)

NGR: SJ2283204602

Location: Between the railway line and the river to the S of Welshpool, approached via a track which leaves the A490 Montgomery Road immediately W of Cilcewydd.

History: Documentary references to property at Glanhafren trace it back to the late C17: the property then belonged to the Griffiths family, but had been sold to the Pryce-Jones family by 1745, when it formed part of a small estate. The house is essentially an early C18 building which was acquired by John Naylor to form part of his estate at Leighton in 1854. Naylor carried out some remodelling work on the house (perhaps at the same time as building the adjacent great barn in 1871): this work involved the reconstruction of the central bay of the house, together with some extensions and raising the overall roof level (the original eaves line is visible as a faint scar in the brickwork).

Exterior: Painted brick with slate roof. End wall and axial stacks with yellow brick and stone caps, and moulded (painted) terracotta eaves cornice (both belonging to the later C19 work). 2 storeys with attics, 7-window range. Entrance in main range between two advanced wings faces E, with short 3- window range continuing the main building line beyond the right hand wing. Left hand cross wing has hipped roof with gabled dormer to front and rear: 9-pane sash window and ornate fretted bargeboards. Paired 4-pane sash windows (flush framed in moulded architraves with flat arched heads) on each floor below. Plain string course between ground and first floors, and a similar band in the rear elevation. Entrance in main range recessed between the two wings: 6-panelled doorway with flat arched head, flanked by narrow side lights with sash windows; 12-pane sash window above the entrance. Projecting right hand wing is a C19 addition: it has a single 12-pane sash window on each floor, and hipped roof. The original main range continues to the right, with a wide 12-pane sash window, and an 8-pane sash window to ground floor, and 3x8-pane sashes above, all flush framed and with flat arched heads. In the rear elevation, the cross wing to the S, and the N bay both appear to be C18 and have raised string courses, while the central section appears to be a later reconstruction from the partial remodelling of the house in the C19.

Interior: The S wing retains two early C18 rooms to the ground floor: E room is fully furnished with painted wall panelling with heavily moulded raised panels, dado rail and cornice: transverse beam also panelled. Corner fireplace with fluted pilasters and lugged panelled overmantle; panelled window shutters. W room also has corner fireplace with fluted pilasters and heavy raised panelled overmantle; heavy moulded plaster cornice, and reeded plasterwork to transverse beam. Ceiling has raised plaster motifs (a bird, a fish and two branches) in each corner. 'Gun room' at N end of house is also fully panelled in a style similar to that in SE room, and including a bolection moulded fireplace. C19 staircase (in C18 style) in central hall.

Reason: Listed Grade II* for the exceptional quality of the C18 interiors.

References: Glansevin Papers in National Library of Wales; Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate Report of Student Survey 1986, 1987.

First listed 3/11/81, last amended 2/29/96

Name: Glanhafren Great Barn

Listed Building: 7733

Grade: II*

Community: Welshpool (Powys)

NGR: SJ2282004541

Location: S of the house at Glanhafren, and approached via a track which leaves the A490 Montgomery Road immediately W of Cilcewydd Bridge.

History: John Naylor, whose wealth derived from the Liverpool banking concern, Leyland and Bullins, acquired the Leighton Estate from his uncle, Christopher Leyland, in 1846. Naylor subsequently enlarged the estate through the purchase of other local farms, and acquired Glanhafren in 1854. The great barn is dated on rainwater heads 1871, and forms part of Naylor's ambitious programme of model farm construction in the area. Naylor employed the Liverpool architect, W.H.Gee, for the construction of Leighton Hall, and it is likely that Gee was also the architect for the principle farm buildings on the estate. The barn probably had a water turbine as its original power source (the pit is said to survive beneath the floor level of the E wing), but the machinery was later adapted for use with electric motors.

Exterior: Brick with slate roofs, with central leaded hexagonal louvred cupola and small leaded finial vents; skylights in roof of main axis. Built on a massive scale to a cruciform plan with the main axis running N-S, and shorter cross wings to E and W. Lean-to former cow- houses against main range on the E side, with implement shed and stabling as lean- to ranges on the W. Principle N and S gables each have wide round-arched openings to ground floor, and 2-storeyed loading doors (paired plank doors and chamfered lintels) above, flanked by round-arched part-louvred windows. Timber gablet over pulley wheel in gable apex. Low windows (alternately glazed and louvred) immediately below the eaves and above the lean-to roofs in E and W elevations. E wing has round-arched opening in gable apex, and a loading door on each floor below; its return elevations have 3 round-arched openings, glazed in the arched head, and with ventilation holes inset in the brickwork below. W wing has similar openings in its gable end but with additional part-louvred windows flanking the central openings, and 2 round-arched blind windows beneath the eaves, containing patterned ventilation holes in the brickwork. Lean-to cow house to NE has a series of round-arched panels, with radial glazing in the arch; flat arched heads to openings (partly obscured by later additions) in the SE lean-to. SW lean-to is an open cart and implement shed of 4 bays with chamfered timber posts on pad-stones, and a further enclosed bay to the S. NW lean-to comprises loose-box, saddle room and stable, with alternate doors and windows all with flat arched heads.

Interior: The crossing and the E wing are open to the full height of the building, and the W wing contains the cantilevered wooden stairs with chamfered balusters and newel posts, giving access to the granaries which occupy the upper floors to N and S in the main range; sack-hoist hatches in landing floors of these staircases. Chamfered king-post trusses in wings, and similarly detailed flying queen-post truss over crossing; additional fish-bellied cast-iron beams support machinery platform with belt drive take-off points at eaves level at junction of crossing and E wing. N and S ranges comprise hay barns of 7 bays divided by heavy timber framing to ground floor, and massive round-arched openings giving access through to the crossing aligned with the main access doors in the gable ends. Queen post and collar trusses to roof, supporting central walkway. Much of the interior detail survives intact, including the paired plank doors to the granaries; remnants of the original machinery also survive, the original turbine-driven belt drive adapted for use with an electric motor.

Reason: An exceptionally impressive example of a High Victorian Model Farm complex, built on a grand scale and retaining much of its original character. The building is of additional significance in that it represents part of the wider, ambitious programme of model farm building on the Leighton Estate.

References: Richard Haslam, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, p436 (1992 edn.); Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate, Report of Student Survey 1986, 1987, pp5-10.

First listed 3/11/81, last amended 2/29/96

Name: Saint Mary’s church, Welshpool

Listed Building: 7776

NGR: SJ2255907662

Community: Welshpool (Powys)

Location: Above the road in a steeply climbing churchyard.

History: The earliest references to a church here occur in 1253 - a probable refoundation by Gruffydd of Powys, patron of the town and grantor of its charters. Of this early church, part of the W tower survives; the present nave and N aisle probably occupy the area of their predecessor and may incorporate some of its fabric. Its S wall was probably on the line of the present S arcade - an early wall was removed from the SW of the nave in C19 restoration work, and the footings for its continuation to the E also uncovered. It has been suggested that the chancel was added c1350, but while its N and S windows appear to be C14, they also seem to be inserted in earlier fabric, suggesting a possible C13 date; the S porch may be a C14 addition. In the C16, the earlier form of the church was altered by the insertion of new arcades, adding a S aisle, and probably subdividing the original nave to create the N aisle. A major restoration of 1773-7 saw further modification of the aisles which may have been rebuilt and were certainly re-roofed and re-windowed; the tower was also restored and raised in height at this period, and the nave - said to have been in a ruinous condition - was also restored or rebuilt. In 1856-7, John Billinge, architect, rebuilt the E wall of the chancel with a replica of its C14 window, and reroofed it to a steeper pitch; he also erected the present chancel arch. In 1869-71, a major restoration was carried out by G.E. Street: the nave roof was rebuilt to a new pitch, the arcade extended to the SW to include the S porch within the body of the church; the nave floor was lowered and the organ chamber added; this restoration also involved the extensive refenestration of the church, and a comprehensive re-fitting of the interior. The W gallery of 1813 was removed, but the S aisle gallery of 1821 and the N aisle gallery of 1822 were not removed until 1927 and 1947 respectively.

Exterior: West tower, nave with 2 aisles incorporating storeyed S porch; chancel and gabled organ chamber. Mostly random local rubble with ashlar dressings, and slate roofs. West tower is of C13 origin in its lower section - the rebuilding of the upper stage in the C18 is visible in the masonry: random rubble, the red sandstone dressings probably C18. Undivided 3 stages, with 2-light chamfered window (C19) in W wall, and plain round-arched doorway to N. C19 foiled windows in second stage, and clock below 2-light foiled bell-chamber openings above. Embattled parapet above moulded cornice; ornately wrought C18 weather cock. Hipped roof to N aisle, which has 3x3-light windows with reticulated tracery (inserted as part of G.E.Street's restoration), and a W doorway which may date from the earlier C19 restoration; steeply gabled organ chamber incorporates in its N wall a C13 window re-sited from the chancel: 3-lancet lights with round spandrel openings. S porch (originally storeyed) has hipped slate roof over moulded cornice; wide red sandstone doorway with polychrome voussoirs, and roll moulded and chamfered archway (an 1856 copy of the original); cast iron railed gates to porch, and C19 2-light traceried window above. S aisle set back only slightly from the porch: 3x3-light reticulated traceried windows (replaced in the restoration of 1869- 71), all with polychrome voussoirs. Hipped roof with moulded eaves cornice. E window of aisle, and the larger E nave window are both 1869-71. Chancel articulated by buttresses has earlier reticulated traceried windows to N and S, and a 5-light reticulated traceried window of 1856 (a replica of its predecessor) in the buttressed E end. The enriched cornice was also added when the chancel was re-roofed in 1856. Interior: C13 triple-chamfered W tower arch. Perpendicular nave arcades of 5 bays: red sandstone double chamfered 4-centred arches on shafts with flat mouldings and embattled capitals. Nave roof of 1869-71 has king and queen post trusses with embattled tie beams and cusped bracing. Boarded ceiling has heavy moulded cornice with quatrefoil frieze. Aisle roofs retain their C18 flat plaster ceilings and moulded cornices. Chancel arch of 1856-7 offset to N of nave: foliate capitals and corbels to wall shafts. Chancel is raised up steps which have encaustic tiled risers; low stone screen wall with foliate panelled decoration. Sanctuary raised up a further flight of tiled steps; wrought brass communion rail (similar to the hand-rail of the pulpit which was added in 1913). Wide chamfered and roll-moulded arch to organ chamber to N. Heavy moulded sedilia and piscina to S, with trefoiled arches carried on polished granite shafts. Chancel roof may be substantially of C16 date: moulded principal beams and joists form panels which have painted bosses at their intersections. It is reputed to have come from Strata Marcella Abbey, although this is unsubstantiated.

Fittings: Pulpit of 1877 to S of chancel arch: stone, with ribbed base supporting canted traceried panelling, with foliate panels. Brass rail to steps added 1913. Font of 1861: traceried octagonal basin on clustered shafts. Reredos of c1870, by Earp: alabaster, Caen stone and marble, with a series of foiled panels, the wider central panel enriched with fleurons, and with a high relief cross. Encaustic tiles in traceried panels to either side. Brass chandeliers in nave were originally fitted in 1776 - removed in the C19, they were restored and returned in 1975. Painted benefaction boards on W wall of S aisle, dated between c1715 and 1946. Relief panel of Royal Arms on W wall, 1802.

Monuments: In the sanctuary: Sir Edward Herbert, d.1594: painted stone wall-monument, paired round-arched panels (containing painted shields in low relief) with text in lower panel, set in an aedicule; Edward Herbert, Second Earl of Powis, d.1848: designed by Sir G.G.Scott: a recumbent effigy in a richly worked embrasure: the alabaster effigy is by Edward Richardson, carved chest with brasses by Waller; the arched recess carved by J.B.Philip. N aisle: Edward Herbert, Third Earl of Powis, d.1891: an alabaster effigy on a chest in a moulded arched embrasure. Various marble wall tablets in S aisle, and a number of brasses, including 2 of C17 date.

Stained glass: Chancel: Shields of arms in NE window, and emblematic design in SE: E window, c1856. SW window of 1900; N aisle: 2 windows of 1875 in medieval narrative idiom, by Wailes of Newcastle; NW window of 1888. E window of nave, neo-medieval narrative in roundels, no date.

Reason: A fine medieval town church with a complex history of restoration and change

References: Richard Haslam, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp.207-8; M.C.J., 'Welshpool: Notes for the History of the Borough', Montgomeryshire Collections, Vol.15, 1882, pp 275-320, 352-6; W.J.N.Millard, 'Saint Mary's Church Welshpool: Its Structural Growth', Montgomeryshire Collections, Vol.44, 1936, pp.129-138; Owen Thomas, A Short History of Saint Mary of the Salutation, Welshpool, Powys, n.d.

First listed 3/11/81, last amended 2/29/96

Name: Nos 5 & 6 High Street, Welshpool

Grade: II*

Listed Building: 7791

Community: Welshpool (Powys)

NGR: SJ2235207595

Location: On the E corner with Park Lane.

Description: History: The house appears to have been built as a town house or mansion in the late C17, and was later divided as 2 tenements for a time, but was again in single occupation by c1880, when it was acquired by J.H.Anderson, who ran a photography business from the premises. The building has been used as an antique shop since 1919, when F.E.Anderson opened a business here.

Exterior: Brick, painted to front elevation, with some stonework to rear. Steep slate roof with rear wall axial stacks. 3 storeys with attic and cellar. Front elevation is a 6 window range, although the pattern of fenestration has been much altered. Round-arched passage entry to the left, and the main entrance to right of centre: a 6-panelled door in pedimented architrave. To its right is a mid C19 floor-length shop window divided into 3 panes by slender mullions, and with moulded cornice carried on brackets with heavy foliate enrichment. To the right of the shop front is a second doorway similar to the main entrance, and with radial fanlight. These doorways are probably late C18 and may have been inserted when the house was divided as 2 tenements - the right hand doorway cuts the cambered head of an earlier window. Left of the main entrance is a 12-pane sash window with cambered brick head, and a tripartite small- paned sash window. The fenestration above represents several phases of change: the earliest windows appear to be the 3 over the shop front and right hand doorway, which have steep cambered brick heads, and 12-pane sashes (almost certainly inserted into the original openings); similar blocked windows are visible between the 2 right-hand windows and over the main entrance. Aligned with the lower openings are 2 further 12-pane sashes with cambered brick heads, and a tripartite small-paned sash window. The fenestration of the second storey also aligns with the lower openings, but there are blocked windows above the main entrance and to the right. Modillion eaves cornice, and 5 hipped dormers with 6-pane sash windows in the roof.

Rear elevation has some stone-work around the base of the two chimneys probably associated with their construction, although there is more extensive stone work in the left hand angle. Single storeyed C19 wing to the left (the late C19 photographic studio), and a 6-panelled doorway to its right, with inserted 12-pane sash window alongside. 2 similar windows on first floor - all late C18-early C19 insertions: the straight joints visible alongside probably represent the jambs of earlier openings. 2 windows in second storey (of 6 and 12 panes); a third storey is clearly a later addition (probably early C19), and has 2x6-pane sash windows.

Interior: The plan comprises two principle rooms on each floor, divided by a central hall, with staircase running from cellar (previously housing kitchen) to attic. Additional rooms over the through side passage on the upper storeys. The rooms are deep in plan, with rear wall fireplaces. Moulded plaster cornices encase the transverse beam in the lower left-hand room, and there is a reeded plaster cornice encasing the beam in the room above. Elsewhere, the beams are simply chamfered with stepped stops. The principle feature of the interior is the staircase, which is of c1660: it rises round a well, and has tall obelisk-like newels and pendants with raised jewelled panelwork decoration, and squared balusters with slanted mouldings; modillion moulding to closed string: attic flight is simplified, with flatter balusters; similarly styled gate to cellar flight.

A C17 townhouse of exceptional quality.

References: Richard Haslam, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, p.209; Robert Owen, 'Welshpool Landmarks', Montgomeryshire Collections, Vol.38 1918, p.157; Ion Trant, The Changing Face of Welshpool, 1986, p.24.

First listed 3/11/81, last amended 2/29/96 Name: Montgomery Castle

Lsietd Building: 7947

Grade: I

Community: Montgomery (Powys)

NGR: SO2215296800

Location: Situated at the top of Castle Hill, reached by footpath from car park by Old Castle Farm.

History: The castle was begun in 1223 to the order of Henry III, firstly in timber, replaced very shortly in stone. The stone curtain of the inner ward with twin-towered gatehouse with red sandstone dressings dated from 1224-33, the gatehouse of the middle ward from 1251, and the curtain of the middle ward probably from 1251-3. Around 1280 there was further strengthening of the town and castle defences following the uprising of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd and in the 1280s buildings such as the kitchen and brewhouse were erected in the Inner Ward. The centre tower of the E curtain wall of the Middle Ward was repaired probably in later C14, when the Well Tower was almost completely rebuilt. Further lodgings were added in 1530s, in the SW angle of the Inner Ward and against the W wall of the Middle Ward, when Rowland Lee, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, held the Presidency of the Council of the Marches (1534-43). A mansion of brick and timber was built from c. 1622 on three sides of the Middle Ward for Sir Edward Herbert (later Lord Herbert of Chirbury); described as 'beautiful without and richly furnished within', built by John and Samuel Scampion, carpenters, from Great Hormead, Hertfordshire. Both the castle and the new buildings were levelled by order of Parliament in 1649, and the ruins thereafter pillaged for stone. Considerably more masonry than survives today is shown in the 1742 view by S. and N. Buck. There was a large collapse in 1800. Now in the care of the Welsh Assembly Government.

Exterior: The scant ruins of a very large medieval castle, sited on a ridge of igneous greenstone overlooking the town, which was founded at the same time as work was begun on the castle. The castle was comprehensively slighted in 1649.

Reason: Included as remains of a very large masonry castle.

Scheduled Ancient Monument: MG022 .

References: Archaeologica Cambrensis, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1923, 1932, 1955, 1965 and 1968; D J K Lloyd and J K Knight, Montgomery Castle; HMSO, 1973; L. Butler and J K Knight, Dolforwyn and Montgomery Castles, Cadw, 2004; R Haslam, The Buildings of Wales: Powys, 1979, pp 168-170; A. and J. Welton, The Story of Montgomery, 2003, pp 3-13.

First listed 7/19/50, last amended 12/16/05

Name: Llwyn Cottage and Rock House, Montgomery

Listed Building: 7975

Grade: II*

Community: Montgomery (Powys)

NGR: SO2218496454

Location: Situated prominently facing E over the Market Square.

History: Substantial mid C18 town house, formerly owned by the Powis estate. It is said to have been the Bow & Arrow or Plough & Harrow inn before c. 1785, which Jake Griffiths was paid by the estate for thatching in 1771-2, but the present house does not suggest a thatched roof. On the 1839 tithe map it is marked as occupied by Charlotte Pryce, with John Jones, scrivener, occupying a part or just N wing, Eleanor Brian in Llwyn Cottage to rear, and with a large malthouse behind occupied by Thomas Rogers. Rock House is said to have housed a private school at one time. In a photograph of c1900 a draper's shop is shown in the basement, with shop front where now there is a garage. The cattle market occupied the present garden area to the N.

Exterior: House, red brick, Flemish bond, with slate hipped roof and massive red brick stack on left roof slope, another to rear right. Tall three-storey and attic, four-bay front with narrower windows in right bay. Four sloping eaves dormers with sash windows, three 8-pane and the fourth narrower, 6-pane. Dentilled brick eaves, cambered headed openings to first and second floors with 16-pane sash windows except in right bay which has narrow 12-pane sashes. On ground floor left a modern garage entry replaces the C19 shopfront, then a good timber columned porch with two front columns, pilaster responds and corniced entablature, in front of cambered-headed doorway with six-panel door, the top four glazed. To right, set between the third and fourth bays a later C19 or early C20 canted 3-light bay window with 2- 4-2-pane horned sash glazing and moulded cornice. To right is a two-storey, one bay wing with front of rubble stone with brick courses under eaves, slate roof and brick N end stack. A brick cambered-headed window each floor with renewed 2-light window below and 16-pane horned sash window above. Left side elevation shared with Llwyn Cottage, with right bay only part of Rock House. First floor and second floor similar 16-pane sash window and 8- pane eaves dormer.

Interior: Interior not fully inspected. Ground floor has narrow entrance hall with mid C18 staircase. Turned column-on-vase balusters, moulded rail and thick turned column-and-vase newels. Narrow room to right has two squared beams, and two-panel door on back wall.

Reason: Included at II* as an exceptionally large, handsome Georgian town house, ambitious in scale, and with good consistent C18 detail.

References: A. and J. Welton, The story of Montgomery, 2003, pp 69, 94, 108-9, 174; Montgomery Civic Society collection.

First listed 7/19/50, last amended 12/16/05 Name: Caerhowel Farmhouse

Listed Building: 7989

Grade: II

Community: Montgomery (Powys)

NGR: SO2048997765

Situated on NE side of lane running NW off road from Caerhowell to Montgomery, leading to former railway goods-yard.

History: Late C18 to early C19 small farmhouse, described as 'brick built' in Caerhowel estate sale catalogue of 1912 but now rendered. Marked on 1839 Tithe map as part of the Caerhowel estate owned by R.J. Harrison occupied by Abraham Jones.

Exterior: Small farmhouse, rendered with imitation-slate roofs and flat eaves. Rebuilt brick chimney in valley between front range and narrow NW parallel rear range. Two-storey, symmetrical three-bay front with hipped roof. Two small leaded casement pair windows above with iron opening lights, and blank centre recess. Ground floor has a long cross- window to each side, with leaded glazing and iron opening lights, and former central door with inset C19 or later paired casement under moulded brick pediment on corbelled brick brackets. Brick NE end wall, Flemish bond brickwork over modern lean-to. Rendered windowless SW end wall, one modern metal casement-pair in end wall of rear range to left. Rear range is narrower with parallel roof, hipped to SW, gabled to NE, and has two leaded casement pairs with iron opening lights.

Interior: Interior not inspected.

Reason: Included as a small late Georgian farmhouse, retaining some original detail.

References: Montgomery Civic Society collections.

First listed 3/30/83, last amended 12/16/05 Name: Caerhowel Farmyard building

Listed Building: 7991

Grade: II

Community: Montgomery (Powys)

NGR: SO2047497769

Location: Situated to SW of Caerhowel Hall, but access now from SW via Caerhowel Meadows.

History: Former estate yard buildings at Caerhowel, late C18 to earlier C19, ranged round four sides of a yard. Shown entire on the tithe map of 1839. Changes in the brickwork suggest that the court was not all built at the same time, the outside walls are of Flemish bond brickwork, the inner walls of garden-wall bond and the upper storey of the gabled NW entrance block is of different colour bricks. Converted to ten houses c2000.

Exterior: Former estate yard, now ten houses, red brick with slate hipped roofs, mostly two- storey. A detached NW range faces a three-sided courtyard range. NW range has a tall central gabled block, with overhanging verges, roundel in gable and a lofty archway now infilled, similar to courtyard and to rear. Arch subdivided with a big lunette over modern door and windows, with brickwork above and below. Flanking two-storey wings hipped at each end, formerly with open timber-frames to yard, posts, horizontal members below lofts and big angle braces at loft level, now all infilled in brick (herring-bone in upper level) with modern windows. Rear walls of brick with raised outer angle pier. Modern glazing to two cambered- arched openings in each wing. Cambered-headed window in NE end wall. The three-sided range has a modern louvred lantern on ridge of SE range and hipped ends to the two side ranges. The SE range has, to the courtyard a symmetrical front with two outer small openings, the left with casement pair, the right one blocked, and two inner larger casement pairs over outer segmental arched former coach-entries (one glazed, the infilled with door to No 8) and inner cambered-headed door-window-door, the left door now a long window, the centre window a short casement pair, modern right door (to No 7). The NE and SW ranges have flat- headed short casement-pair windows above and doors and windows below, with cambered headeds. The NE range has two brick ridge chimneys, short casement pair to first floor each side, centre right eaves-breaking gabled window and small casement pair at mid level to centre left, over ground floor window, door, window and door (doors to Nos 4 and 5). At left end is added lower addition with hipped roof. The SW range has three short casement pairs above four openings, alternately windows and doors (to Nos 9 and 10). Lean-to on end wall, blank window above. The outside of the NE wing has two low casement pairs to upper floor, two big outer coach entries, two cambered-headed casement pairs (under the two loft windows) and a centre infilled broad flat-headed recess (formerly with double ledged doors with L-shaped hinges and ventilator slats) now brick with triple casement. Outer coach entry to left has inset triple casement and door, outer right entry is glazed. The addition to right had two open bays, one a garage, the right one part-infilled as a pedestrian through-way. The outside of the SW wing is of Flemish bond brickwork, and has centre loft ventilator of X- pattern pierced brickwork, over ground floor with two large segmental arches, with modern glazing, flanking three inserted casement pairs. The rear of the central SE range also Flemish bond, has five arched windows with modern glazing (some formerly with ventilator holes arranged in a pattern).

Interior: Interiors not inspected. Altered in conversion. Reason: Included notwithstanding alteration on conversion as a late Georgian four-sided estate yard associated with Caerhowell Hall.

First listed 3/30/83, last amended 12/16/05 Name: Court Calmore

Listed Building: 7993

Grade: II

Community: Montgomery (Powys)

NGR: SO1992497558

Location: Situated some 300m down lane running S from B4386 just W of Caerhowell crossroads.

History: Large two-storey farmhouse remodelled in earlier C19, but of C17 or earlier origins. The site is said to be that of a medieval farm of Chirbury Priory, and the N transept of the parish church is said to have been built for the priory's Court Calmore tenants in the C13. Richard, Lord Herbert left œ4 per annum in the C17 for education, three pounds to be paid from Pantymaen and one from Court Calmore. Owned by the Powis estate, occupied by Charles Lloyd, of the Plas Trefaldwyn family in 1839, by Robert Groves in 1880, by the Vaughan family c. 1900.

Exterior: Detached large farmhouse, painted stucco with slate flat-eaved roof and two red brick ridge stacks. Stucco plinth and quoins. Two storeys, four bays, the two centre bays closer spaced than the outer ones, with cast-iron small-paned casement windows, the ground floor ones longer, with larger panes and with transoms, the upper ones with tiny panes and all four sills at slightly different levels. The two left bays have cross-windows to ground floor, casement-pair to first floor left and very slightly longer small cross-window above to right. The third bay has a smaller casement pair over doorway with painted timber earlier C19 doorcase with thin panelled pilasters, fascia and flat moulded hood on brackets. Six-panel C19 door with four-pane overlight. The fourth bay has a large triple casement below and a casement pair above set considerably higher than the other upper windows. Right end wall has small lean-to addition with chamfered corners and canted hipped roof. Left gable has 12- pane horned sash window with brick sill on ground floor, renewed casement-pair to first floor and. Rear has a gable at each end, with altered windows in uPVC. One storey wing projects from left gable with cross-window to yard and lean-to porch.

Interior: Interior not inspected. In 1983 there was an old ledged door in service end of house. Elsewhere there were four-panel and six-panel doors and an earlier C19 staircase with square balusters. A large stopped and chamfered axial ceiling beam was on the ground floor, and similar beams were said to be on the first floor.

Reason: Included for its special interest as a large farmhouse of early origins, and with good early C19 character including locally distinctive small paned iron windows.

References: A. & J. Welton, The Story of Montgomery, 2003, p 67; J.D.K. Lloyd, A Montgomery Note-book, 1971, p 38; Montgomery Civic Society collections. Slater's Directory, 1880.

First listed 3/30/83, last amended 12/16/05 Name: Caerhowel Smithy

Listed Building: 7999

Grade: II

Community: Montgomery (Powys)

NGR: SO2023797722

Location: Situated on S side of road some 250m SE of railway bridge, on road from Caerhowell to Montgomery.

History: C17 and C18 timber framed cottage, formerly the blacksmith's house to a smithy, in use until c1930. The smithy was housed in a separate building, now garage. Marked on 1839 tithe map as owned by the Caerhowel estate, occupied by George Cross. John Jones, listed as blacksmith at Caerhowel in 1858-9 directory, died in 1879.Restored c. 1998. Kitchen added 2002. The framing shows that the upper floor has been raised.

Exterior: Cottage, square-framed oak frame infilled in painted brick with slate roof and central painted brick chimney. Four panels vertically by nine horizontally in front wall with two pairs of casement pairs under eaves each side. Centre modern rendered gabled porch with modern cross-window to front gable and modern door in right return. Modern cross-windows in third panel from left and in second from right. The right end wall has renewed timber framing, with old timbers in gable, showing that roof has been raised. Low single-storey addition on left end wall. Rendered rear wall with four renewed casement pair windows above C20 conservatory. Casement pair and door within, two windows to right.

Interior: High ground floor rooms. Right hand room has two chamfered beams and renewed fireplace. Left room has two chamfered beams, bread oven in fireplace.

Reason: Included for its special historic interest as a substantial timber-framed vernacular house.

References: Montgomery Civic Society collections.

First listed 3/30/83, last amended 12/16/05

Name: Crugyn

Listed Building: 8655

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1055486145

Location: Located in an isolated position on a platform site, at the end of a track leading off the Dolfor to Knighton road.

History: The house, with its farm buildings attached in line, are late medieval in date, built on a longhouse derived plan using cruck trusses throughout.

Exterior: Timber framed, originally with wattle and daub infilling, and later partially weatherboarded. Slate roof, probably replacing thatch, and corrugated asbestos to the lower section. The house was originally single storey, of 2 bays, comprising a hall (cegin) and undivided inner room. A stone stack was later inserted, and the hall floored over, perhaps c1600, forming a lobby entry, with the kitchen in the remaining lower half. A further bay was added up-hill, forming an inner room of standard sub-medieval plan, although this may be a rebuild of an earlier bay. Beyond the lower timber end wall, a 3-bay cowhouse and barn. Walls at the upper end are 2« panels high and the upper gable is of stone. The barn is 2 panels high with a lower roof. Boarded door, and various paned timber windows.

Interior: Large open inglenook fireplace in hall. Inner (added) room raised. The 3 cruck trusses have tenoned and notched apex joint, and tie beams, stepping down with the fall of the ground to the E. The intermediate bay has an earth floor, while the lower two bays of the cowhouse are flagged.

Reason: Included as a particularly good and well preserved example of the late medieval smaller longhouse-derived farmhouse, illustrating the development of the house type at this period.

References: Alcock N W, 'Cruck Construction', CBA Research Report, (1981), p168; RCAHM Wales files.

First listed 9/28/77, last amended 9/12/96

Name: Edderton Hall

Listed Building: 8662

Grade: II

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2303502532

Location: Located on a hilltop overlooking the Severn valley, and reached by a long driveway off the main Welshpool to Ludlow Road, 5 kilometres S of Welshpool.

History: A house is recorded in the old Domesday vill of Edderton in 1634 when occupied by a John Phillips. The present house was rebuilt or enlarged c.1830-40 by Richard Edmunds of the Exchequer of Pleas, London, who became a local benefactor. The house was at the centre of a small estate, and incorporates part of an earlier farmhouse, remains of which are said to be concealed in the present building. The estate was broken up c.1930 and the house has latterly become an hotel.

Exterior: White painted Roman cement, with hipped slate roofs. Gable brick stacks. Two storeys with an attic floor. The early C19 front block comprises two 2-storey bow-fronted bays, separated by a narrower bay containing the entrance. The attic floor is set back, and has a central flat roofed square bay, added in the C20. The entrance consists of Greek Doric columns in antis, with a recessed porch. The 2-storey bow-fronted bays have 15 pane sashes to the ground floor and 12-pane windows above, all windows furnished with fine glazing bars and boxes in reveals. Simple cornice and flat roof behind a low parapet. Wide boarded modillion eaves. At the NE end, a single storey extension with lean-to roof, a modification of an earlier pitched roof. At the SW end, a detached rectangular block also rendered, with a pitched slate roof and a tripartite window on the ground floor.

Interior: The entrance hall leads through a further pair of columns in antis into a narrow stair hall with a flying stair in the rear apsidal end, lit from a tall window in the rear wall. To the left, a dining room, and to the right, a drawing room, the latter opened out to a raised parlour at the rear, now the bar. Six-panelled doors with moulded surrounds and block corners. Both front rooms have cornice mouldings. Stone fireplace. The rear range of rooms is said to be timber framed and part of the earlier farmhouse.

Reason: Listed as a fine example of a Regency style house exploiting a commanding position.

References: Vize Rev J E, 'The Parish of Forden' Montgomeryshire Collections, XVI, 1883, pp 103-4.

First listed 4/19/82, last amended 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Hall

Listed Building: 8663

Grade: I

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ241104584

Location: Located approximately 1.4km S of Leighton church. The Hall is reached by private road on the E side of the B4388 Buttington to Forden road, and is set in landscaped gardens.

History: Built 1850-56 on the site of an earlier large house by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor. The Hall range was completed in 1851. Naylor, a Liverpool banker, had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, notably the church, Leighton Hall and Leighton Farm, all designed by Gee and completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor lavished money on the furnishing of the Hall: the interiors were executed by J.G. Crace to designs by A.W.N. Pugin (drawings for which are in the Victoria and Albert Museum) which are similar to his work at the Houses of Parliament; there are Minton floor tiles; and stained glass probably by Forrest and Bromley who made the glass for Leighton church. The great hall was designed to display Naylor's collection of paintings and sculpture, which included works by Turner, Landseer, Delaroche and Ansdell. A courtyard wing of 1852 which was attached to Leighton Hall Tower was demolished early C20. John Naylor's grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold Leighton Hall and the Estate in 1931.

Exterior: Picturesque high-Gothic style house consisting of a main range with clock tower in front (facing west), a short library wing to the S and a longer N wing. Behind the main range and continuing parallel to the N wing, is an L-plan service wing (which also incorporates the main stairway) which forms 2 sides of a courtyard at the rear. The hall is full-height, the wings are 2-storey with attics. Of brick, but the main elevations are faced in coursed, rock- faced Cefn stone with ashlar dressings, coped gables and slate roofs. Stone chimney stacks have tall patterned flues.

The symmetrically-planned entrance front to W comprises a 3-bay central range flanked by the advanced gables of the N and library wings. Advanced central clock tower is 3-storeyed and has panelled clasping buttresses leading to castellated turrets and a parapet of stepped battlements. The lower storey of the tower is a porch, the doorway to which has a moulded pointed arch beneath a gabled canopy with fleur de lys finials and a shield-bearing lion in a quatrefoil below the gable. The first floor has 2 windows with Y-tracery, stilted arched hood moulds and a continuous sill band. The second floor has 2x 2-light windows with cusped Y- tracery and a continuous frieze of saltire crosses at sill level. Beneath the parapet is a frieze of cusped chevrons. The side walls have windows similar to front, except the ground floor which has 2-light oriel windows in ashlar with Y-tracery.

Flanking the clock tower are shallow 4-light bay windows to ground floor in ashlar with blind tracery below the sills and a parapet with saltire crosses in bay to L, battlements to R. Above are 2-light mullioned windows with cusped heads and hood moulds, and a string course at sill level continuous with the clock tower and wings. The hall also has a parapet of saltire-cross panels (with intermediate pinnacles above corbels, now broken off) continuous with the frieze on the clock tower. The wings have gable stacks and plain moulded parapets with polygonal angle turrets on moulded corbels and with ball finials. In the upper storey both wings have 2- light windows similar to those of the upper level of hall. The N wing to L has single cusped lancets under hood moulds to L and R in the lower storey; the library wing has blind arrow loops.

The shorter library front consists of a pair of gables advanced from the main axis of the wing. The gables have plain parapets with pendant finials and corbelled polygonal turrets above the eaves with ball finials. In the lower storey are 2x cross-windows to R and canted bay with similar windows to L. In the upper storey are 2x 2-light mullioned windows with foiled heads and continuous sill band. The attics have similar one-light windows.

The N garden front is a 6-window range (1-2-2-1) with a roof line stepped down in 3 stages, and has coped gables with stacks. The highest block to R has an advanced gable with full- height bow window. This is balanced by a second advanced gable to L of centre. The bow window to R has mullioned, trefoil-headed windows in each storey, between which is a blind arcade of similar arches; above the windows is a panelled parapet. In the gable above is a small transomed window. The gable to L of centre has a shallow 6-light mullioned and transomed bay window with embattled parapet. Above it are 2x 2-light mullioned windows and a cross-window in the attic, all with hood moulds. The gables are linked by a continuous string course. Between them is a 2-window range with 2-light Decorated-style windows with hood moulds and foliage stops in the lower storey. In the upper storey the windows have cinquefoil heads and hood moulds with plain stops. Single-light dormers have coped gables with ball finials at the angles and spiked finials on the ridge, and stand on plain corbel tables below a parapet of saltire-cross panels. A single bay at the L end has a cross-window below a 3-light castellated trefoil-headed oriel window.

The short E front is stepped in plan, with advanced 2-window range forming cross-gable of service wing to L, a circular turret clasped in its angle with a single-window block (the end of the N wing corridor) and, recessed to R, the gable return of the N wing. The gable end to R has an external stack and cross-window to L in each storey. The single-window block has 3- light mullioned and transomed windows in each storey and a parapet of saltire-cross panels. A panelled door is in the side wall. The 2-window range to L has a plainer parapet, cross- windows and a corbelled sham chimney stack centrally-placed at first floor level. Above it is a small roof dormer. The 3-stage turret has cross-windows in the lower stages and a tall narrow round-headed window in the upper stage. The 2-stage belfry has open arcading beneath a conical roof with weathervane. Attached to the L of the service wing is a wall enclosing the SE courtyard. The courtyard elevations of the service wing are faced in brick and have sash windows under wedge lintels. Original rainwater goods survive, some of the hoppers of which are dated 1851.

Interior: The main range comprises the great hall, reached through the entrance porch in the base of the clock tower. The porch floor is laid with Minton tiles (designed by Pugin) and its walls are faced with linenfold panelling. It has a simple panelled ceiling. Doors to R and L lead to spiral stairs which have stained glass panels, and lead up to the clock tower and gallery in the hall. The doorway to the hall is under a Tudor arch and above it, in relief, is foliage with 'WELCOME' in archaic script. The half-lit doors have Perpendicular-style tracery with stained glass, above linenfold panelling. Clock cabinet in 2nd storey room of tower, with clockface under balcony facing Great hall: the clock was ordered from Wagner of Paris in 1855-6 and installed in the tower in 1858; ornate oak case with ornamental bronze work by E. Vittoz.

The great hall is the showpiece of the interior. It has a hammer-beam roof, with lions on the ends of the beams, which stand on wall shafts with foliage and shield corbels. The underside of the roof is composed of a frieze of Welsh family shields below a ceiling of stained glass consisting primarily of foliage in quatrefoils. Suspended from the ceiling, by means of knotted 'ropes' of iron, are 3 large cast iron chandeliers. These are composed of a large orb with pendant, and sprouting tendrils which form into the bodies of cherubs who hold further tendrils in their outstretched arms. Between each cherub is a bird or animal head in a shield on the central orb. A Tudor-style fireplace has a large overmantle with raking hood. The walls have linenfold panelling. There are galleries in each corner of the hall, and a larger one on the W side entered from the clock tower. All have wrought iron balustrading in Gothic style. To the W gallery is a pair of doorways formed of crocketed Tudor arches, flanked by empty statue niches. The upper W windows have stained glass which incorporates Naylor's monogram, heraldic devices, and in the margin lights Naylor's personal rebus (a nail with the letters 'o' and 'r').

From the hall there is the library on the S side, the service wing on the E side and a range of rooms in the N wing, parallel to which is a long corridor, which also gives access to the service wing. The doors to the main rooms have linenfold panelling in moulded surrounds with brattishing. The main rooms also have linenfold panelling around the walls.

From the hall, the first 2 rooms of the N wing have panelled ceilings with gilding and polychrome stencil painting of naturalistic foliage, on painted cornices of foliage trails and billets, decorated by Crace to Pugin's designs. Each room also has an opulent alabaster fireplace consisting of a Tudor arch below a quatrefoil frieze, above which is a large mirror flanked by compound shafts and with brattishing above. The windows in each room have shutters with linenfold panelling. A third room in the N wing, immediately beyond the previous 2, has a plainer panelled ceiling (above a cornice of vine trails) which has gilded foliage bosses, and panels (some of which are lozenge-shaped) with stencilled foliage more stylised than in the other rooms.

The library has a panelled ceiling painted white (although the original stencil painting of naturalistic foliage is exposed in one small panel) above a cornice of foliage trails. It also has a large fireplace similar to those of the N wing, but in stone, which has a quatrefoil frieze incorporating Naylor's monogram and the heraldic device of dragons rampant.

The corridor of the N wing is laid with Minton tiles and contains the main open-well stair immediately behind the Great Hall. The stairwell is top-lit, having a stained glass octagon containing a variety of devices, including Naylor's monogram. The stair has a wreathed handrail, newels carved with foliage and rosettes, thick balusters, strings carved with foliage and a panelled dado.

The service wing includes an original strong room with cast iron door and safes. Most of the rooms have their original cupboards and there are also some large slate floor slabs.

On the first floor several rooms in the N wing have marble fireplaces. All the main rooms have doorways with embattled surrounds and doors with linenfold panelling, and linenfold panelling beneath the window sills. Within the roof are lead-lined troughs which collect water from the roofs, and which was then stored in a large cistern in the cellar. The cellars also have slate slab floors and ceilings, alcoves and compartments with slate shelves.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Farm, Poultry House

Listed Building: 8667

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2486904101

Location: Approximately 0.9m SE of Leighton Hall and reached from a minor road E of B4388 from which a short private road leads through a forestry plantation to the cottage and Poultry House.

History: Erected on the site of an earlier farmstead in 1861 by John Naylor for his daughter, and probably designed by W.H. Gee. The Poultry House was an integral part of the Leighton Estate, acquired by the Liverpool banker John Naylor in 1846-47. Naylor embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, all largely completed to Gee's designs by the mid 1850s. Leighton Farm was a model farm where rational farming methods were employed using techniques derived from science and industry. It was characteristic of its period but especially notable for its scale. One of the aims of the Poultry House was to provide better shelter for the poultry and continued in the tradition of country-house aviaries where women were responsible for keeping hens and developing better strains. The Poultry House was restored 1988-89 by the Landmark Trust.

Exterior: Highly picturesque Tudor-Gothic style, consisting of the poultry house with scratching yard, storm shed, duck pond and surrounded by a boundary fence. The poultry house has a gabled central range of two storeys plus attic, flanked by single-storey inner wings and lower outer wings. Timber-framed with white-brick nogging on a stone plinth; steeply pitched slate roofs, half-hipped in the outer wings. The gables have fretted barge boards with pendant finials. The upper storey of the main range is jettied on moulded brackets and has diagonal braces. Above the bressumer is a stone tablet with Naylor's monogram (ICN) and the date 1861 in relief. Above this is a 5-light window and in the attic a 2-light window glazed below a transom and with pigeon holes above. In the lower storey is a boarded door with ornate fake strap hinges and an overlight, flanked by 2-light windows. In the inner and outer wings are projecting gabled doorways with boarded doors and overlights. The outer wings also have doorways in the end walls which are similar to those of the main range and have overlights, above which are louvred panels. The rear elevation, facing the pond, is similar to the front.

Across the scratching yard is the storm shed, which is of brick faced in coursed, rock-faced Cefn stone and with steeply pitched slate roof. It is open to the yard on timber posts. In each gable end is a small-pane sash window in a rusticated surround. To the rear of the Poultry House, at a lower level, is the duck pond, which was relined late C20. The boundary fence ranges around N, S and W sides and consists of square piers of rock-faced Cefn stone with pyramidal copings, and wood palings on a stone plinth. On the N side only the stumps of the piers (some of which are blue brick) remain. (On the W side, beyond the duck pond, is a plain metal fence added late C20. A hand pump in the scratching yard was also added late C20.)

Interior: The main range has a straight stair with hand rails and plain balusters to the first floor. A second stair to the attic is straight with winders at the bottom. The front and rear windows of the main range have coloured glass in abstract patterns. The inner wings have nesting boxes (only the doors survive to L) and lofts above. Tiled floor and ledged and battened doors throughout. Reason: The Leighton Estate is an exceptional example of high-Victorian estate development. It is remarkable for the scale and ambition of its conception and planning, the consistency of its design, the extent of its survival, and is the most complete example of its type in Wales. Listed Grade II*, the Poultry House is an important element of this whole ensemble at Leighton. An extraordinarily specialised building type, it is also remarkable for its quality and completeness, and is a highly polished exercise in a rustic picturesque idiom.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, p 118; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate: Report of Student Survey, 1988, pp 28-33; Landmark Trust, The Landmark Handbook, 14th ed 1994, p 107.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98

Name: Leighton, Holy Trinity church

Listed Building: 8668

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2426805959

Location: Prominently sited on E side of the Severn valley, beside a minor road on E side of B4388, and at N entrance to Leighton Farm. The church is sited within a walled churchyard.

History: Built 1851-53 by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee. Its patron was John Naylor who had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, notably the church, Leighton Hall and Leighton Farm, all designed by Gee and completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor lavished money on the church, employing the Liverpool firm of Forrest and Bromley to furnish it with glass, and having Minton tiles laid throughout.

Exterior: In an extravagant Decorated style, consisting of nave with aisles, S porch, NW tower with spire, SE chapel and N vestry. Of coursed, rock-faced Cefn stone with steeply pitched slate roofs (behind coped gables in the nave and chancel). The windows and doorways have hood moulds with head or foliage stops, while the doors all have ornate strap hinges and studding. The 5-bay nave has flying buttresses, ashlar eaves with a plain corbel table, and alternate paired and triple lancets in the clerestorey. The aisle windows are 2-light, each with a different style of Decorated tracery, and have a continuous sill band. The nave has a 5-light W window, the S aisle a circular W window. The S porch has angle buttresses and a coped gable with an empty statue niche below the ridge. The doorway has open tracery beneath the arch. The SE chapel is octagonal with a pyramidal slate roof, stepped buttresses and 2-light S and E windows with continuous sill band. On the W side is a sculpture of a woman holding a book amidst foliage. On W side of the chapel is a detached pier with conical cap, linked to the S aisle by a pointed arch. Between arch and chapel is a doorway under a trefoil window and steep gable to the lobby between aisle and chapel. The chancel has ashlar eaves and machicolations in the N and S walls above a row of 5 cusped lancets; 5-light E window. The N vestry has angle buttresses, 2 paired lancets with sill band on the N side together with stone steps to a crypt, and a doorway on E side which has a tympanum with the date 1853 and a Green Man in relief. The N aisle has windows similar to the S. The 3-stage tower has angle buttresses. The stages are defined by continuous string courses, beneath the lower of which is a frieze of blank arches which have foliage in the spandrels. The lower stage of the tower houses a second porch, now the main entrance. It has an elaborate N doorway consisting of 2 orders of attached shafts and a moulded arch (incorporating a vine trail with a Green Man at the ridge) beneath a gablet. The gablet has a finial and beneath it is a cross with foliage. The hood mould of the doorway also has stops in the form of winged angels bearing scrolls (reading 'Fear God' and 'Honour the king'). Three-light W window with trefoil-headed light and a hood mould continuous with a string course. In the middle stage is a small narrow window in each face. The upper stage has triple stepped lancets with louvres, above which are machicolations. The tall broach spire has crockets and 3 tiers of lucarnes.

Interior: The interior has lofty proportions with a tall chancel arch and is as richly treated as the exterior. The 5-bay N and S arcades have piers with attached shafts with fillets, moulded capitals and arches. The clerestorey windows have sill bands. The nave has a hammer-beam roof on wall shafts which end above the arcade piers and have foliage capitals and head corbels. Brackets support the hammer beams and have carved angels on the undersides. There is open tracery above and below the hammer beams. The roof has boarded panels. The aisle roofs have arched braces with tracery above. The chancel has a keeled wagon roof with ribs embossed with foliage and boarded panels. The chancel is faced in ashlar with 5-bay blind arcades under crocketed gables in the N and S walls. The N and S windows have a sill band with billets and head stops and above them is a cornice incorporating vine trails and billets with head stops. In the E wall is a 5-bay reredos which has crocketed gables with tracery below, foliage capitals and shafts with fillets. In the blank panels are engraved texts from the Old and New Testaments, including the Lord's Prayer.

The original stained glass by Forrest and Bromley of Liverpool survives in its entirety. In the W window are mainly Old Testament scenes with emblems of the 12 Tribes of Israel in the tracery lights. In the E window are Christ and the 4 Evangelists represented in niches. In the aisle windows the monogram of John Naylor is prominent. The floor consists entirely of Minton tiles, in richer patterns in the chancel.

The Naylor chapel is reached from a small lobby E of the S aisle and with an external S door. Inside the chapel is a sculpture of an angel seated on a rock by Georgina Naylor. On the walls are tablets to members of the Naylor family.

Pews span the nave so that there is no central aisle. They are also arranged hierarchically: the front 3 pews have arm rests and ends with poppy heads; the pews behind have square-headed ends with blind tracery; each aisle has a continuous bench against the wall. At the E end of the S aisle is a family pew. The richly-decorated pulpit is hexagonal and on a pedestal. The communion rails have open-tracery panels. The font is hexagonal in polished stone with a New Testament inscription around the rim.

Reason: Listed Grade II* as one of the best examples of a Victorian Estate church in Wales. It is especially notable for the sumptuousness of its architectural language, and for the completeness and high quality of its interior fittings. The church is also one of the showpiece buildings of the Leighton Estate, an exceptional example of high-Victorian estate development. The estate is remarkable for the scale and ambition of its conception and planning, the consistency of its design, the extent of its survival, and is the most complete example of its type in Wales. The church is a key element in this whole ensemble.

References: Anton-Stephen D, Holy Trinity Church, Leighton, n.d.; Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-18.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98

Name: Piggery and Sheep Shed, Leighton Farm

Listed Building: 8670

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2425705285

Location: Situated at the N end of Leighton Farm.

History: Early 1850s and probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council. From the mid C20 the block has been converted to light industrial use.

Leighton Farm was a model farm where rational farming methods were employed using techniques derived from science and industry. It was characteristic of its period but especially notable for its scale. Apart from the rationalisation of farm design, its principal aims were to provide better shelter for livestock and fodder, the recycling of manure as fertiliser, and mechanisation, principally in the form of turbines and hydraulic rams. Circular buildings were unusual, the received wisdom at the time being that they were impractical.

The main farm complex is roughly square in plan and enclosed by perimeter roads (although important buildings were added beyond it). The farm was a piecemeal development but it is structured either side of a central E-W axis in which a threshing barn was built with hay and fodder storage buildings either side of it, all of which were linked by a broad gauge railway. On the N and S sides of this axis stockyards were built, served by 2 N-S service roads in addition to the perimeter roads. By 1849 4 small yards (Stockyard IV) had been built S of the Threshing Barn with a Stable fronting the road, these 3 elements forming the central block of buildings. On the E and W sides, fronting the road to the S, houses were built (on the W side with an office and further livestock sheds behind). After 1849 3 stockyards (Stockyards I, II, III) were built on the N side of the main axis. By 1855 there had been additions beyond the perimeter road, with the building of a Mill and Pig and Sheep houses (which enclose 2 further stockyards) on the N side and a further stock shed with yard on the W side. In the late 1850s a Sheep-Drying Shed and a further Fodder Storage Building in line with the main E-W axis had been added, followed by a Root Shed at the south-east corner of the complex in the 1860s.

Exterior: Consisting of 2 circular sheds both of which are open in the centre; the W shed was a sheep house, the E shed was a piggery. These are joined by a long link range which housed sheep on the N side, facing the fields, and probably cattle on the S side facing the 2 stockyards. The link range has a short S wing attached to the mill, which also housed cattle while its attic was probably used for fodder storage. Single storey and of brick with vent ridges and slate roofs. The link range has an aisled cross-gable on its N side forming an impressive facade. The cross-gable has a coped gable on moulded kneelers. In the gable are 2x round-headed windows (partly louvred) and below are 4 similar windows. The basement of the cross-gable has 4 tunnel-vaulted bays to L of which is a stairway leading to an open walkway on the N side of the link. The walkway has a high brick parapet wall and is built on a rubble plinth with a single large round-headed opening flanked each side by 2 lunettes, leading to 5 vaulted cells. To R of the cross-gable is a shorter plinth and parapet wall.

The W sheep house has some louvres in the vent ridge but is otherwise boarded or glazed. C20 windows and doors under concrete lintels are inserted in its outer wall. Its inner wall has drains at the internal floor level above a deep sump in which there are 8 radiating tunnels with round-headed openings. Around the W and N sides of the sheep house is a coped brick wall. The E piggery is built on a random rubble plinth. It has some louvres in its vent ridge, which is otherwise boarded, and has inserted doorways in its outer wall. The piggery also has a single-storey E wing, probably built as a cowhouse, with 6 infilled arched openings in the S wall and large sliding wooden doors in the E gable.

The S wing of the link range has louvres in its vent ridge and C20 openings.

Interior: The circular ranges have concrete floors.

Reason: The Leighton Estate is an exceptional example of high-Victorian estate development. It is remarkable for the scale and ambition of its conception and planning, the consistency of its design, the extent of its survival, and is the most complete example of its type in Wales. Leighton Farm is one of the principal foci of this development and is a Victorian model farm of national importance, representing the pioneering use of new technology, displaying a highly-structured layout and achieving an impressive architectural unity. Listed Grade II*, the Piggery and Sheep Shed is an integral part of the complex. It is a highly-specialised building type of an unusual design and makes a crucial contribution to the architectural setting of the farm.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate: Report of Student Survey, 1988, pp 19-21; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1855.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, fodder storage building

Listed Building: 8671

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2430105256

Location: Situated on the E side of Leighton Farm with the former Root Shed to S and minor road to E.

History: Built by 1849 and probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s and designed by Gee. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Exterior: A large aisled barn with vent ridge, of brick on a random rubble stone plinth (which has a projecting slate damp proof rat-trap course), with slate roof and coped gables on moulded kneelers. Three-bay E gable end to road. The central bay is slightly advanced and has 3 stepped round-headed windows with louvres above a tall round-headed opening with stone imposts, which has a boarded gate in vertical wooden runners. In each of the aisles is a blind round-headed window. The W gable end is similar but in the outer bays are breathers in a lozenge pattern. The side walls are mostly weatherboarded; the vent ridge has louvres and glazed panels on the N side and corrugated asbestos-cement sheets on the S side.

Interior: Divided into 9 bays by open timber-framed partitions. In the central bay is a granary loft with trap door.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1849.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, fodder storage building

Listed Building: 8672

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2434505254

Location: Situated on the E side of a minor road through Leighton Farm. The remaining group of farm buildings are on the opposite side of the road.

History: Late 1850s and probably by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee, but one of the later buildings making up Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s and designed by Gee. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Exterior: A large aisled barn with vent ridge, of brick with slate roof and coped gables on moulded kneelers. Three-bay W front to road. The central bay is slightly advanced and has 3 stepped round-headed lights with louvres above a large round-headed doorway, which has stone imposts and a boarded gate in vertical runners. In each aisle is a blind round-headed window. The E gable is similar but with breathers in a lozenge pattern in the outer bays. The side walls are mostly weatherboarded; the vent ridge has louvred panels (with some glazed panels) on the N side and corrugated asbestos-cement sheets on the S side.

Interior: Divided into 9 bays by open timber-framed partitions which also support a granary loft.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate: Report of Student Survey, 1989, pp 23-29; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1858-61.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, former root shed,

Listed Building: 8673

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2430405230

Location: Situated at the SE corner of Leighton Farm and at the corner of a junction of minor roads through Leighton. The former Root Shed has a brick wall with stone coping on its east side.

History: Early 1860s and the last building to be erected at Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. He continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Leighton Farm was a model farm where rational farming methods were employed using techniques derived from science and industry. It was characteristic of its period but especially notable for its scale. Apart from the rationalisation of farm design, its principal aims were to provide better shelter for livestock and fodder, the recycling of manure as fertiliser, and mechanisation, principally in the form of turbines and hydraulic rams. The root shed may have contained root cutters, but its principal function was to store roots, which were brought in on carts and could be passed down through holes in the floor to wagons underneath, which in turn distributed the roots to the stockyards.

The main farm complex is roughly square in plan and enclosed by perimeter roads (although important buildings were added beyond it). The farm was a piecemeal development but it is structured either side of a central E-W axis in which a threshing barn was built with hay and fodder storage buildings either side of it, all of which were linked by a broad gauge railway. On the N and S sides of this axis stockyards were built, served by 2 N-S service roads in addition to the perimeter roads. By 1849 4 small yards (Stockyard IV) had been built S of the Threshing Barn with a Stable fronting the road, these 3 elements forming the central block of buildings. On the E and W sides, fronting the road to the S, houses were built (on the W side with an office and further livestock sheds behind). After 1849 3 stockyards (Stockyards I, II, III) were built on the N side of the main axis. By 1855 there had been additions beyond the perimeter road, with the building of a Mill and Pig and Sheep houses (which enclose 2 further stockyards) on the N side and a further stock shed with yard on the W side. In the late 1850s a Sheep-Drying Shed and a further Fodder Storage Building in line with the main E-W axis had been added, followed by the Root Shed at the south-east corner of the complex in the 1860s.

Interior: A row of central posts is now infilled with concrete blocks, dividing the interior into 2 units. The W range has a roof with king and queen posts and raking struts. The E range is said to have a sloping cartway. The W range has a modern concrete floor but the shafts through which the roots were passed can be seen in the vaulted tunnels of the basement.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate: Report of Student Survey, 1988, pp 16-18.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Moel y Mab, s lurry tank

Listed Building: 8715

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2496205451

Location: Situated at the top of Moel y Mab approximately 0.9km SE of Leighton church and reached by private road W of a minor road between Leighton and Trelystan.

History: Erected early 1850s as a reservoir for manure slurry which was then pumped through a system of copper pipes to fields on the Leighton Estate. The ranges around the tank contained cattle sheds. Water is said to have been pumped to the tank from the River Severn in order to make the slurry. The Slurry Tank was the largest and latest of a group of 3 built on the east side of Leighton and was an integral part of the Leighton Estate, acquired by the Liverpool banker John Naylor in 1846-47. Here he embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor introduced new rational farming methods at Leighton, notably pioneering the recycling of manure as fertiliser. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931.

Exterior: A huge brick-walled structure, rectangular in plan, approximately 49x29m, partially set into a bank on the W side, and with a large tank in the centre. Of brick with a slate roof to the S range. The principal surviving range is to the E, which is 2-storeyed and has a 13-bay elevation with bullseye windows above round-headed doorways (2 of which have boarded sliding doors, and 3 are partially blocked to form lunettes). In the outer bays are smaller lunettes. Above the bullseye windows is a white brick dentil cornice and a parapet formed by taking a third storey down to window sill level. The S range has a wide doorway to L in a rusticated surround, and with a horizontally sliding boarded door. To R is a round- headed doorway reached by a raised path with brick retaining wall. The inner face of the S range has 6 openings under segmental heads, of which 4 retain some of their original louvres and beneath 2 of which are chutes through which muck was swept into the tank. Below is a 6- bay, barrel vaulted undercroft open to the tank. The N range has a similar undercroft, but is otherwise mostly demolished. It has a short brick tunnel below a ramp to the NW. The W range is also mostly demolished.

Interior: Not inspected (November 1996). It is said that in the E range the ground floor doorways lead into rectangular cells. In the first floor is a central full-length corridor with a brick vault. In the S wing the interior is divided into pens.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117-18; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate: Report of Student Survey, 1988, pp 22-24; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1855.

First listed 7/2/93, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Footbridge and boundary wall on N side of Leighton Hall

Listed Building: 15627

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2415804706

Location: Located on the N boundary of the landscape gardens of Leighton Hall, with the Serpentine Pond immediately to S.

History: Designed by Edward Kemp, a pupil of Joseph Paxton, c1860 and part of the landscape gardens at Leighton Hall, where bridges were used to span natural hollows. Leighton Hall has formal gardens S of the library wing and SE of the Tower. In contrast, NE of the Hall and Tower it has a landscape garden which was planted with trees and shrubs, its woodland walks also contrasting with the terrace walks of the formal garden. The boundary wall and the walkway with steps were the earliest of the landscape garden features to be executed at Leighton Hall. Steps to a path beneath the bridge, leading into a woodland walk, were added later. The bridge was formerly known as the Lion Bridge as it had a sculpture of lion (John Naylor's emblem) on the parapet. The bridge and raised walkway form part of the path through the landscape garden, one of 3 such bridges.

John Naylor, a Liverpool banker, had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, notably Leighton Hall, church and Leighton Farm, all designed by W.H. Gee and completed by the mid 1850s. Leighton Hall had been constructed 1850-56. John Naylor's grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold Leighton Hall and the Estate in 1931.

Exterior: Consisting of a footbridge which has a walkway with boundary wall continuing to E and W within which are incorporated flights of steps. Of coursed, rock-faced Cefn stone with ashlar dressings. The single-span bridge has a pointed arch with 2 orders of roll moulding, and has Naylor's monogram in quatrefoils in the spandrels. Four pairs of buttresses each side (each pair has a single base) have saddleback copings. The open parapet has pointed quatrefoils and 4 alcoves each side (corresponding with the buttresses) which have slate benches, some of which are damaged.

There are half-turn stone steps on the SW side of the bridge from the deck to the lower level. The parapet has ramped coping. The boundary wall consists of a retaining wall with a pronounced batter and a low parapet with ramped coping. To the W of the bridge the wall continues for approximately 110m and incorporates one fight of stone steps. At the W end is an octagonal enclosure. To E of the bridge the wall continues for approximately 50m and incorporates 4 flights of stone steps. At the E end is a circular enclosure.

Reason: The Leighton Estate is an exceptional example of high-Victorian estate development. It is remarkable for the scale and ambition of its conception and planning, the consistency of its design, the extent of its survival, and is the most complete example of its type in Wales. Leighton Hall represents the centrepiece of this development, and the garden features are a key element in the setting of the house. The gardens are also a tour-de-force of landscaping and formal design whose individual components are remarkable for their consistency of detail and the extent of their survival. The bridge and boundary wall is listed Grade II* as one of the architectural landmarks of the landscape garden and for the high quality of its design. References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; 'Leighton Hall, Welshpool', Country Life 25/10/1902, p 532; Ordnance Survey, Second Edition, 1902, Montgomeryshire Sheet XXIII, 16; RCAHM Wales files: Leighton Estate Plan 1858-61.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Footbridge E of Leighton Hall Tower

Listed Building: 15628

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2419604585

Location: Situated E of Leighton Hall Tower, S of Serpentine Pond and NE of a terrace walk at Leighton Hall.

History: Designed by Edward Kemp, a pupil of Joseph Paxton, c1860 and part of the landscape gardens at Leighton Hall. Leighton Hall has formal gardens S of the library wing and SE of the Tower. In contrast, NE of the Hall and Tower it has a landscape garden which was planted with trees and shrubs, its woodland walks also contrasting with the terrace walks of the formal garden. In the landscape gardens bridges were used to span the natural hollows. The Footbridge E of Leighton Hall Tower occupies a focal point in the structure of the garden design as it stands between the formal and landscape gardens.

Exterior: Five-span bridge of rock-faced Cefn stone with ashlar dressings and parapet. Each bay has a Tudor arch and is framed by moulded ribs and a string course. Above the string course is a pierced trefoil parapet with flat-topped coping. The abutments have no parapet but a similar coping, with string course below, ending in low square piers.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; 'Leighton Hall, Welshpool', Country Life 25/10/1902, p 530.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Former Powysland Museum & Library, Welshpool

Listed Building: 16704

Grade: II*

Community: Welshpool (Powys)

NGR: SJ2260707682

Location: Built around 2 sides of No 1 Salop Road, with the museum facing Salop Road, and the library facing onto Red Bank.

Description: History: The Powysland Club was founded in 1867, 'for the collecting and printing (for the use of its members) of the Historical, Ecclesiastical, Genealogical, Topographical and Literary Remains of Montgomeryshire'. It acquired this site in 1873, and the museum was opened in 1874, designed by David Walker of Liverpool; it was extended in accordance with the original design in 1880. The museum was one of a very small number of similar establishments in Wales, and entertained hopes for a time of becoming a general, central museum of Welsh antiquities. From the outset it was also intended that there should not only be a public library and museum, but that there should also be a school of science and art, in association with the science and art department of the Committee on Education, South Kensington, and a School of Art was opened in 1883 (in premises to the rear of the Museum). The public library and reading room on Red Bank was added when the museum was handed over to the Corporation of Welshpool in 1887. The buildings were taken over by Powys County Council in 1974, and the collection moved to other premises in 1990.

Exterior: Museum is yellow brick with stone dressings and slate hipped gambrel roof over main block. Simpler hipped roof over right-hand wing (added in 1880). Single storeyed corridor links it with No 1 Salop Road, housing entrance: plank doorway with strap hinges in steep arch. Main block has 3 bays of blind arcading with continuous hood mould; stone shield of arms lettered 'Powysland Museum and Library' in central panel (carved by Norbury of Liverpool). Deep moulded eaves band. Slightly advanced lower wing to right, with narrow arched doorway in re-entrant angle, and arched 3-light window with transoms in advanced gable facing the street. Deep moulded eaves band. Library and reading room of 1887 to rear of No 1 Salop Road, fronting onto Red Bank (and possibly incorporating the former School of Art): Red brick with slate roof. 2 parallel gables face the street, with entrance lobby alongside to the right: arched entrance with plank door and overlight. Corporation arms and date 1887 in steep pediment over the doorway. Right hand gable has 4 stepped lancet windows with heavy stone transoms in the gable, which has stepped eaves cornice. Parallel left hand range has triple blind lancet panels and stepped eaves cornice. Doorway to right of gable, in brick pointed arch.

Interior: Museum is a simple rectangular top-lit space with 2 arched braced trusses. Lower wing has scissor-braced roof. From the main entrance, a corridor with steps connects the museum with the 2 library buildings to the rear of the site, via a gallery at the rear of the lower of the two range.

When it was established, the museum was one of only 4 or 5 other museums of its kind in Wales, and was considered to be possibly the most valuable in the principality. The buildings are a remarkable testimony to the importance of the Powysland Club, and represent an excellent example of small-scale, highly specialised building design. References: J.D.K.Lloyd, 'The Centenary of the Powysland Club', Montgomeryshire Collections, Vol. 60, 1967-8, pp.2-6; Ion Trant, The Changing Face of Welshpool, 1986, p.123; Montgomeryshire Collections, Powysland Club Annual Reports, 1874 etc.; Powysland Museum Trust Deed, Reference Collection, Newtown Library.

First listed 2/29/96 Name: Powis Estate sawmill

Listed Building: 16797

Grade: II*

Community: Welshpool (Powys)

NGR: SJ2216105857

Location: Alongside the road 1.6km approx. S of Welshpool.

History: The saw-mill was probably built c1820-1830, and was water-powered from a stream taken under the Montgomeryshire Canal by an inverted syphon, and from the canal itself. The cast-iron feed trough was installed in 1844, made by R & W Jones of Ruabon. The mill was re-equipped in the 1890's, and the present horizontal saw was installed at that time (supplied by Robinson's of Rochdale): in order to accommodate it, the mill was extended with a short wing on the S side. Water-power continued to be used at the mill until 1949, when electrical power was introduced.

Exterior: Thin-coursed local sandstone rubble, with slate roof. 3 storeyed (including basement stgorey), 6-window range, aligned at right-angles to the boundary wall. Basement storey entrance towards left in N elevation. Small-paned iron windows with cambered heads throughout. Wide gable-end entrance with wide double doors and loading door over, in heavy wood frames and separated a chamfered lintel. Overshot water wheel (cast-iron and wood) on S side, fed via a cast-iron launder enriched with cast figures of animals, pelple, etc. Gabled wing projects from S side, added to house the horizontal saw installed c1890.

Interior: Although remnants of the original power system (a pit-wheel drive) survive, most of the basement water-power machinery dates from the 1890's re-equipping: two toothed wheels transferred power onto the main belt-drive-shaft with a chain. Late C19 machinery surviving in the upper floors of the mill includes a large horizontal saw with log wagon, and a circular saw-bench.

Reason: A remarkably complete - and very rare - survival of a working C19 saw-mill.

References: Stephen Hughes, The Archaeology of the Montgomeryshire Canal, 1988, pp45-50, 71-76; National Monuments Record, Aberystwyth.

First listed 2/29/96 Name: St Llwchaiarn’s church, Llanmerewig

Listed Building: 17008

Grade: II*

Community: Llandyssil (Powys)

NGR: SO1577993173

Location: Located on a narrow lane 400m N of Llanmerewig village to the east of Church Farm. The church is situated in an oval churchyard bounded by a masonry wall.

History: A Church was first built here in 575 by St. Llwchaiarn. The present building stands on the site of a Medieval Church, C13 - C15, and includes the Medieval roof and possibly other fabric. The church underwent major alterations on two occasions in the C19 from which it derives its present characteristic style. The first alterations were undertaken from 1839 to 1843 by the rector, John Parker (1798-1860), an enthusiastic advocate of the Gothic style. The present tower and a semi-dormer window on the S side were added at this time, and the porch was richly ornamented. Further changes were made including the addition of an octagonal shafted chimney to the S side, a new vestry, gallery, pulpit, oak and cast iron furniture and a ceiling for the roof. All these were subsequently removed. A report by Sir Stephen Glynne in 1858 noted that the church had been 'altered and ornamented in a very questionable style' as the rich Gothic elements were seen to be out of character with the 'mean and unpretending' original church. The second series of restorations took place in 1892 and were more conventional in style; plans were prepared by Sir Aston Webb and the work was funded by Charles Whitley Owen of Fronfraith Hall. The E and N walls were rebuilt, and a new E window was built to match the old Medieval window which was removed to the E boundary wall of the churchyard, where it remains. The vestry was rebuilt, incorporating the chimney shaft which had been built against the S side of the nave. Two surplus blocks are set in the ground to the south of the porch.

Exterior: Predominantly in a rather simple Decorated style, but with some Early English elements. W tower, nave and chancel undivided, S porch and N vestry. Random masonry with yellow sandstone dressings, except for the E window which is of dressed red sandstone. Slate roofs with red ridge tiles. The church is embellished by angle and diagonal buttresses, often with gablets, and large fleur-de-lis style finials.

Distinctive tall, narrow 2-stage tower divided by a moulded string course with foliate decoration to the angles. Saddle back roof with raised sandstone copings to the verges and gableted corbels. There are machiolations beneath the sandstone eaves. There are narrow flat headed openings to the first stage of the tower and a sandstone block with an inscribed date of 1839 on the S side. The N side contains a plain planked door under a 4-centred arch and a sandstone lintel. It is approached by sandstone steps bound on the E side by a low wall which is separated from the W wall of the church. The top stage contains louvre openings on all 4 sides. Those to the N and S contain 2 cusped lights in plate tracery with moulded reveals. Those to the E and W comprise 2 trefoiled lancets with central colonnette and with a circular opening above, all recessed within a moulded opening under a hoodmould with foliate end bosses. There are narrow openings in the gables to the roof.

The porch is located on the S side of the nave towards its W end. It has a very ornate entrance with trefoil-headed opening containing 2 orders of mouldings under a crocketed hoodmould. The outer moulding has zig zag decoration while the inner moulding has dogtooth-style decoration. There are vertical lines of saltire crosses beneath the end bosses of the hoodmould. Above the entrance is a large foliate boss and an inscribed date reading AD 1840. The porch has wide sandstone eaves and the front face is sandstone dressed. Raised verges are surmounted by a finial to the apex and 2 finials just above the eaves with pyramidal copings and dogtooth decoration.

The S side of the nave and chancel has 2 buttresses and 4 windows; plain single lancets to the W of the porch and between the buttresses, and a plain 2-lancet window to the chancel. To the E of the porch is a more ornate window within a gabled semi-dormer. It consists of 2 trefoiled lancets with crocketed hood mould and an inscription reading AD 1843. There is an oval light above and a finial on the gable apex.

There are high diagonal buttresses to the SE and NE angles of the chancel with offsets and gablets surmounted by fleur-de-lis finials. To the E end of the church is a low brick extension c 0.5m high, with sandstone coping and a top surface of masonry slabs. It may enclose a burial. The E window contains 2 trefoiled lancets and a small trefoiled light above. It is under a plain, raked hoodmould.

The N side of the nave has 2 buttresses and 2 windows similar to the E window. The vestry is constructed at right angles to the N side of the chancel, and has a large external gable stack. The shaft comprises 4 large octagonal blocks with vertical roll mouldings, between which is dogtooth decoration. There are also horizontal mouldings at the base, top and in the middle of the shaft. The E side of the vestry contains a planked door and a window containing 2 lancets. To the W of the vestry there is a trefoiled light to the chancel.

Interior: Single chamber church with unplastered walls. C15 roof comprising shallow arched braces which are very close together obscuring the remaining roof timbers. C19 pews with fleur-de-lis decorated bench ends. Light timber rood screen with lancet-style arches, except for the central aisle opening which has a hammer-beam style arched head. It is said to include elements of the C15 screen. Steps rise up to the chancel, which has a mosaic floor with fleur- de-lis and geometric designs. C19-20 font; a round bowl on 4 columns with mouldings, supported by an octagonal plinth and base. A fragment of the C13 font survives, which had rounded handles, and a bowl with recessed circles. The windows have wide splayed jambs. The nave windows contain stained glass; square panes in yellow, green and blue with pink margin glazing. The E window has stained glass by Ballantine and Gardiner of Edinburgh. It is dedicated to the mother of Charles Whitley Owen of Fronfraith dated 1892. It depicts Christ ascending to heaven with the inscriptions 'This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased' and 'He was received up into heaven and sat on the right hand of God'. On the S side of the chancel is a memorial in marble to John Lloyd, d. 1829, aged 57 years, whose remains are said to be in a vault underneath the E end of the church. The memorial is also dedicated to his wife and children, said to be buried under the monument. There is a memorial to Jack Miller, d. 1915, a churchwarden.

Reason: Listed grade II* as a C19 small rural church in an unusually rich Gothick style, incorporating a fine C15 roof and other medieval fragments. The association with John Parker, a remarkable amateur figure in the early pre-ecclesiological Gothic revival movement is of particluar interest.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979,p 148; Gibbings Rev. R and Jones B, 'A History of the Parish of Llanmerewig', Montgomeryshire Collections, XXXV, 1908-10, pp 110-5.

First listed 10/26/53, last amended 7/14/97 Name: Smithy at the corner of the Abermiwl and Churchstoke roads

Listed Building: 17296

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1620490351

Location: The house occupies the triangle of land between the two roads.

History: The house was built c1830-40 by J.W.Poundley as an estate cottage and smithy for the Brytnllywarch estate.

Exterior: Rubble with brick dressings, slate roofs. Cross plan, one storey and attic, gabled to each face with deep verges and highly fretted bargeboards terminating in apex and eaves spikes. Boarded door in the NE angle, under a lean-to roof. Two chamfered orders of brick forming pointed- headed window openings and containing small 24-pane windows, the glazing bars intersecting in the pointed heads. Central 8-flue linked octagonal stacks.

To the rear, the E wing is extended as a single-storey service range with a central brick stack.

Reason: Included as a successful essay in the picturesque style, and indicative of the wide extent and power of the Brynllywarch estate at the time of the Naylors.

References: Haslam R, Powys Buildings of Wales series, (1979), p115.

First listed 9/12/96 Name: Upper Maenllwyd farmhouse

Listed Building: 17304

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1687192539

Location: Located at the head of the winding valley of the Afon Miwl, close to the main Glanmule to Abermiwl road, ½km N of the hamlet of Hodley.

Exterior: Former farmhouse of brick with hipped slate roof. Late C18 or early C19. Two storeys and cellar, 2 bays with 2-bay shale-built stone cross wing extended to rear in C20. Conservatory added to S in late C20. Door with overlight, and 16- pane windows with rubbed flat brick arches and stone sills. Outsetting eaves courses. The cross wing, of 2 storeys and attic has paned casement windows and semi-circular window in gable of attic floor. Large stone stack.

Interior: Not accessible at time of inspection (January 1996)

Reason: Included as a well-detailed late C18- early C19 farmhouse of some architectural refinement.

First listed 9/12/96, last amended 6/19/97 Name: Cilthriew

Listed Building: 17306

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1576688714

Location: Located on the E side of the road from Kerry to The Anchor.

History: An important farmhouse in the district, allegedly with connections with the monastic estate of Abbey Cwmhir, perhaps an outfarm of the grange of Gwern-y-go in Kerry, and sharing the same fate during the Glyndwr uprising. It was later associated with the Pugh family and later Pughs, (John, sheriff c1500, William c1673, John c1680) and continuing into the C18. The building consists of two interlocked parallel ranges, one of stone, probably earlier, now containing the service accommodation, and one timber-framed, mid- C17, lobby- entry plan with storied porch and crosswing, the addition of which required the part- demolition of the N end of the stone structure. The single bay wing was faced in local brick in the mid-later C19.

Exterior: The framing is close studded to ground floor, square panelled 3 panels high to the upper floor, with the N end gable jettied on cut timber brackets. A deep projecting verge occurs at the gable. On the WSW elevation, the timber framed storied porch, possibly an addition to the timber framed phase, is set opposite the main stack, also close studded on first floor level, with shaped brackets either side of an upper chamber window. Double purlin roof and C19 decorative openwork bargeboards. The cross wing, beyond the porch, faced in brick, has C19 window openings with brick labels, and C20 windows to 2 floors. This wing is reflected by a short gabled extension to the ENE. The S end, of painted stone, contains the entrance door in a round-headed arch, has paired round-headed lancets under a brick depressed arch in a raised dormer, over a paned 3-light window on the ground floor. Brick star-shaped stack of 3 shafts, and large stack at the S gable end of the S range. A stone lean-to roof over a cellar built against the N bay of the timber house, was subsequently raised to form an outshut under a continuation of the main roof.

Interior: The timber-framed range has two parallel chamfered spine beams with cut stops. Large stack to hall, one jamb, with an oven, rebuilt probably when an earlier stair was replaced by a dog-leg stair in the porch. The C17 roof was raised, probably in the later C19 at which time the floor over the hall was also raised, leaving one original truss in position. Very large stone fireplace in kitchen at N end, and chamfered cross beams.

Reason: Included as a an important and well preserved farmhouse, with historic features illustrating a complicated history of development.

References: Rowley-Morris E, 'History of the Parish of Kerry', Montgomeryshire Collections XXVI, (1892), p338.

First listed 9/12/96

Name: Cilthriew farm building

Listed Building: 17307

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1574388700

Location: Located on the E side of the road from Kerry to The Anchor backing on to the road and facing the farmhouse.

Description: Farm building. Mid C19 to replace an earlier range shown on the 1842 Tithe Map. Brickwork with slate roof. Forms 3 sides of a yard, with central single-storey block with two-storey hip-roofed end wings, the SE flanking the entrance to the farmyard. The central block has three stable door openings with timber doors to the yard, with two openings to the inner face of each wing, the inner recessed. Small ventilation slits to the road elevation, but pitching door to the NW wing. Timber stair to first floor door at the inner end of the SE wing. Later lean-to against gable of N wing, its wall continuing to meet the gable end of the house.

Reason: Included as a well preserved range of farm buildings, of group value with the listed Cilthriew farmhouse and outbuilding to SE.

First listed 9/12/96

Name: Cilthriew outbuilding

Listed Building: 17308

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1578988695

Location: Located on the E side of the road from Kerry to The Anchor, and at the SE corner of the farmyard.

Description: Farm outbuilding, comprising stable with hay loft over and cart shed. Brick with slate roofs. One bay, 2-storeys, with stable door, and window on each floor and ventilation openings, and a 2-bay carthouse wing to the W, open-fronted.

Reason: Included to complete the group of farm buildings associated with the listed Cilthriew Farmhouse.

First listed 9/12/96

Name: 1 Springfield

Listed Building: 17314

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1563989763

Location: Located on the SW side of the minor road from Kerry to Sawmill, approximately 1km from the centre of Kerry.

History: A range of estate workers' cottages built by the Naylor family in the 1880's as part of the development at Sawmills, Glanmiheli and Pentre, in association with the timber processing industry established here by Christopher Naylor. These mills were served by a 2ft (0.6m) gauge tramway laid out by Thomas Easthope in 1887 between the forests, the mill and the Kerry rail terminus at Glanmule. The timber industry, which included extensive plantations in the Kerry hills, continued to the Great War and after, and its railway, which also served the Wenlock shale stone quarry at Cwm, was rebuilt and extended by an incline by German submariners, living in thatched circular huts, in 1917 to 1ft 11«in (0.597m) gauge. It continued in use into the 1920's.

Reason: Included as a good example of high quality mid-Victorian estate housing.

References: Cox D and Krupa C, The Kerry Tramway (Plateway), 1992.

First listed 9/12/96 Name: 2 Springfield

Listed Building: 17315

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1564589758

Location: Located on the SW side of the minor road from Kerry to Sawmill, approximately 1km from the centre of Kerry.

History: A range of estate workers' cottages built by the Naylor family in the 1880's as part of the development at Sawmills, Glanmiheli and Pentre, in association with the timber processing industry established here by Christopher Naylor. These mills were served by a 2ft (0.6m) gauge tramway laid out by Thomas Easthope in 1887 between the forests, the mill and the Kerry rail terminus at Glanmule. The timber industry, which included extensive plantations in the Kerry hills, continued to the Great War and after, and its railway, which also served the Wenlock shale stone quarry at Cwm, was rebuilt and extended by an incline by German submariners, living in thatched circular huts, in 1917 to 1ft 11« (0.597m) gauge. It continued in use into the 1920's.

Reason: Included as a good example of high quality mid-Victorian estate housing.

References: Cox D and Krupa C, The Kerry Tramway (Plateway), 1992.

First listed 9/12/96 Name: 3 Springfield

Cadw ref: 17316

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1565289753

Location: Located on the SW side of the minor road from Kerry to Sawmill, approximately 1km from the centre of Kerry.

History: A range of estate workers' cottages built by the Naylor family in the 1880's as part of the development at Sawmills, Glanmiheli and Pentre, in association with the timber processing industry established here by Christopher Naylor. These mills were served by a 2ft (0.6m) gauge tramway laid out by Thomas Easthope in 1887 between the forests, the mill and the Kerry rail terminus at Glanmule. The timber industry, which included extensive plantations in the Kerry hills, continued to the Great War and after, and its railway, which also served the Wenlock shale stone quarry at Cwm, was rebuilt and extended by an incline by German submariners, living in thatched circular huts, in 1917 to 1ft 11« (0.597m) gauge. It continued in use into the 1920's.

Reason: Included as a good example of high quality mid-Victorian estate housing.

References: Cox D and Krupa C, The Kerry Tramway (Plateway), 1992.

First listed 9/12/96 Name: 4 Springfield

Listed Building: 17317

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1565989748

Location: Located on the SW side of the minor road from Kerry to Sawmill, approximately 1km from the centre of Kerry.

History: A range of estate workers' cottages built by the Naylor family in the 1880's as part of the development at Sawmills, Glanmiheli and Pentre, in association with the timber processing industry established here by Christopher Naylor. These mills were served by a 2ft (0.6m) gauge tramway laid out by Thomas Easthope in 1887 between the forests, the mill and the Kerry rail terminus at Glanmule. The timber industry, which included extensive plantations in the Kerry hills, continued to the Great War and after, and its railway, which also served the Wenlock shale stone quarry at Cwm, was rebuilt and extended by an incline by German submariners, living in thatched circular huts, in 1917 to 1ft 11« (0.597m) gauge. It continued in use into the 1920's.

Reason: Included as a good example of high quality mid-Victorian estate housing.

References: Cox D and Krupa C, The Kerry Tramway (Plateway), 1992.

First listed 9/12/96 Name: 5 Springfield

Listed Building: 17318

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1566589744

Location: Located on the SW side of the minor road from Kerry to Sawmill, approximately 1km from the centre of Kerry.

History: A range of estate workers' cottages built by the Naylor family in the 1880's as part of the development at Sawmills, Glanmiheli and Pentre, in association with the timber processing industry established here by Christopher Naylor. These mills were served by a 2ft (0.6m) gauge tramway laid out by Thomas Easthope in 1887 between the forests, the mill and the Kerry rail terminus at Glanmule. The timber industry, which included extensive plantations in the Kerry hills, continued to the Great War and after, and its railway, which also served the Wenlock shale stone quarry at Cwm, was rebuilt and extended by an incline by German submariners, living in thatched circular huts, in 1917 to 1ft 11« (0.597m) gauge. It continued in use into the 1920's.

Reason: Included as a good example of high quality mid-Victorian estate housing.

References: Cox D and Krupa C, The Kerry Tramway (Plateway), 1992.

First listed 9/12/96 Name: 6 Springfield

Listed Building: 17319

Grade: II

Community: Kerry (Powys)

NGR: SO1567289739

Location: Located on the SW side of the minor road from Kerry to Sawmill, approximately 1km from the centre of Kerry.

History: A range of estate workers' cottages built by the Naylor family in the 1880's as part of the development at Sawmills, Glanmiheli and Pentre, in association with the timber processing industry established here by Christopher Naylor. These mills were served by a 2ft (0.6m) gauge tramway laid out by Thomas Easthope in 1887 between the forests, the mill and the Kerry rail terminus at Glanmule. The timber industry, which included extensive plantations in the Kerry hills, continued to the Great War and after, and its railway, which also served the Wenlock shale stone quarry at Cwm, was rebuilt and extended by an incline by German submariners, living in thatched circular huts, in 1917 to 1ft 11« (0.597m) gauge. It continued in use into the 1920's.

Reason: Included as a good example of high quality mid-Victorian estate housing.

References: Cox D and Krupa C, The Kerry Tramway (Plateway), 1992.

First listed 9/12/96 Name: Llwynmadoc barn

Listed Building: 18522

Grade: II

Community: Llandyssil (Powys)

NGR: SO1765894600

Location: The farm is located in a relatively open, low-lying position, accessed from a long track SE of Abermule. The barn is located on the W side of the farmyard to the rear of the house.

History: Late C18 - early C19, with mid C19 alterations.

Exterior: Barn orientated N-S, of random rubble masonry under a corrugated iron roof. The S gable end contains three distinctive tall blind lancets of red brick with horizontal banding and breathers. There is an owl hole above. The E elevation contains 8 hatch openings into a hay loft. One contains a planked door, one is blocked with masonry and the remainder with timber boarding. There is a C20 opening at ground level with a concrete lintel and red brick dressings, and 3 further openings towards the N. The N gable end is timber clad with an opening to each level, and the W side has 8 loft openings as on the E side.

Interior: No access to interior at time of inspection.

Reason: Listed as a good example of a barn, with unusual triple lancets with breathers at one end, possibly of the mid C19. Group value with Llwynmadoc Farmhouse and the E barn.

First listed 10/26/53, last amended 7/14/97 Name: Llwynmadoc barn

Listed Building: 18523

Grade: II

Community: Llandyssil (Powys)

NGR: SO1768294642

Location: The farm is located in a relatively open, low-lying position, accessed from a long track SE of Abermule. The barn is located on the E side of the farmyard to the rear of the house.

History: Late C18 - early C19, with mid C19 alterations.

Exterior: Barn orientated N-S, of random rubble masonry under a corrugated iron roof. The S gable end contains three tall blind lancets of red brick with horizontal banding and breathers. There is an owl hole above, and a former window under a segmental brick head below, now replaced by another window. The W elevation contains a number of window openings under segmental brick heads, now boarded over. There were formerly 3 to the lower storey, the central one blocked and replaced by a wide entrance with red brick dressings. A large area above has been replaced in red brick, possibly in the mid C19. It contains 3 openings as below, and a further 3 small openings above rising to the eaves. A square opening blocked in red brick suggests that there were formerly hatch openings to a loft, as on the W barn. There is a timber lean-to extension running towards the W.

Interior: No access to interior at time of inspection.

Reason: Listed as a barn with unusual triple lancets with breathers at one end, possibly of the mid C19. Group value with Llwynmadoc Farmhouse and West barn.

First listed 10/26/53, last amended 7/14/97 Name: Former Retort House

Listed Building: 19506

Grade: II

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2401805986

Location: Located approximately 0.3km W of Leighton church and reached via a short minor road on W side of B4388 Leighton to Forden. The Former Retort House is on SE side of yard occupied by agricultural suppliers.

History: Said to have been erected in the 1860s, part of a gasworks complex which also included workshops, smithy and, further W, a small brickworks. Inside the main range the bases of 2 retort benches have been found for the production of coal gas. The wings probably housed apparatus for cleaning and filtering the gas. After its disuse, most of the numerous vents were bricked up.

The gasworks was part of the Leighton Estate, acquired by John Naylor in 1846-47. Naylor embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, and continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931. The gasworks represents Naylor's interest in bringing new technology to a rural estate.

Exterior: Single storey building consisting of a main range with continuous outshut to L and outshut set back to R. Brick with slate roofs. The main range has pyramidal roof with a vent which has continuous louvres and a pyramidal roof. The outshuts have catslide roofs (outshut to R with inserted skylight). The main range has a large round-headed doorway flanked by 2 tall and narrow, round-headed vents each side (now bricked up). To L, in the outshut, is another wide doorway, under a segmental arch. The main range has 4 bricked up vents to rear, similar to front.

Interior: The interior has brick floors containing the shadows of brick retorts. The outshut to R has a concrete floor.

References: Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate: Report of Student Survey, 1987, pp 3-5.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Farm, threshing barn and granary

Listed Building: 19507

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2425705257

Location: Situated in the centre of Leighton Farm with Stockyards I and II to NE and NW respectively, and Stockyard IV to S.

History: The Threshing Barn had been built by 1849, while the Granary was added later. The Barn was probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. A direct link was later built over the farm road from the Granary to the Mill. The Barn housed a turbine which powered a threshing machine, and also possibly chaff and root cutters.

The Threshing Barn has stepped diagonal buttresses. In its E and W gable ends it has a tall round-headed doorway with stone imposts, above which is a bullseye opening. The side walls have blind round-headed windows, some with breathers. On the N side is a cross-gabled bay to which the Granary was later attached. On the NE side is a small structure with swept roof open to the E, said to have contained a pit (now infilled) with access to a system of drains carrying muck from Stockyard IV to a sump in Stockyard II. (Attached on its N side is another small shed with double doors under a concrete lintel to E. Attached to SW side is modern lean-to.) The Threshing Barn has a fragment of plateway in the E entrance.

The Granary has a wide vent ridge consisting of glazed and louvred panels, and round-headed openings to Stockyards I and II. Above the farm road the E wing of the Granary has horizontal sliding boarded doors with steel lintel and threshold. An outshut at the E end has a wide round-headed doorway and boarded doors with prominent strap hinges.

Interior: The Threshing Barn is divided into 3 bays internally. The outer bays have scissor braced trusses with collar beams; the central bay, incorporating the cross-gable to N, has king posts with raking struts. At the upper floor level, reached by modern wooden steps, is a large round-headed opening to cross-gable which leads into the Granary (access to which was not possible).

Reason: The Leighton Estate is an exceptional example of high-Victorian estate development. It is remarkable for the scale and ambition of its conception and planning, the consistency of its design, the extent of its survival, and is the most complete example of its type in Wales. Leighton Farm is one of the principal foci of this development and is a Victorian model farm of national importance, representing the pioneering use of new technology, displaying a highly-structured layout and achieving an impressive architectural unity. Listed Grade II*, the Threshing Barn stood at the hub of the working farm, is especially associated with the application of pioneering technology at Leighton, and together with the Granary is a well-detailed building retaining its original character.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19. Ironbridge Institute, Leighton Park Estate: Report of Student Survey, 1989, pp 28-35; RCAHM Wales files: Plans of Leighton Estate, 1849 and 1855.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, cart shed

Listed Building: 19508

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2429205232

Location: Situated within the main group of buildings at Leighton Farm. The Cart Shed stands immediately W of the former Root Shed and N of Maes-y-Gro. On its W side is a small yard with farm road.

Exterior: An open-sided building of brick with coped stone gables on moulded kneelers and slate roof. On the W side it is open and divided into 8 bays by timber posts set in concrete bases. (A modern shed is also built in front of one of the open bays.) The N and S gable ends have breathers in lozenge patterns.

Interior: King post roof with raking struts. The interior is divided by a central brick partition wall. The floor, where visible, is of brick paving.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1855.

First listed 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, mill and tank house

Listed Building: 19509

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2425805322

Location: Towards N end of Leighton Farm with Piggery and Sheep Shed to N, farm road and Stockyards I and II to S, and with Granary attached to S side above the road.

History: Early 1850s and probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm on the Leighton Estate. The Mill may have had a short life since Naylor had a new mill built at nearby Cilcewydd in 1862. The grain was originally hoisted into the mill from the farm road on the S side, but later a direct link was made from the Granary to the S. Power for the Mill was derived from a turbine situated in the Tank House, in which there was a large cast iron tank and a pipe for feeding the turbine with water at high pressure. Portable engines were also used to transmit power into the building through a bearing box in the Tank House wall. In the later C20 the mill and E wing have been used for light industrial purposes.

John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council. Leighton Farm was a model farm where rational farming methods were employed using techniques derived from science and industry. It was characteristic of its period but especially notable for its scale. Apart from the rationalisation of farm design, its principal aims were to provide better shelter for livestock and fodder, the recycling of manure as fertiliser, and mechanisation, principally in the form of turbines and hydraulic rams.

Exterior: Mill with Tank House to E, of brick with slate roofs and with coped gables on moulded kneelers. The Mill is three-and-a-half storeys and has a 3-window W front, with round-headed attic windows (blind to L and R) segmental headed windows in the middle and upper storeys. In the lower storey it has openings under segmental heads to L and R and a doorway in the centre under a steel lintel. The E gable has similar windows to attic and to R but has a 2-storey Tank House attached which has, in the N side wall, a round-headed doorway to R and 3 round-headed windows (2 of which are infilled) in the upper storey and an infilled bearing box below the eaves. Its E gable has one infilled round-headed window. Above the Granary, in S wall of the Mill, is a former gabled doorway rising above the eaves, with slate-hung blocking.

Interior: The Mill was not accessible at the time of inspection. The Tank House is said to have a roof of king posts, and to contain supports for a cast iron tank, a cast iron pipe and a drive shaft support beam, from where power was transmitted from the turbine to the Mill.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Farm, stockyard I

Listed Building: 19510

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2427805274

Location: On the E side of Leighton Farm with a farm road to N, a minor road to E, a Fodder Storage Building to S. The upper level of the W range is the Granary attached to the Threshing Barn and Mill and is the partition between Stockyard I and Stockyard II.

History: Early 1850s and probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. It was built contemporary with Stockyards II and III on the N side of the main E-W axis. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

The buildings were carefully designed to achieve a strong visual impact when approached from the roads to the N or W. The landscape was carefully controlled so that Leighton Farm could not be seen from the main Buttington to Forden road to W, alongside which was a mixed woodland plantation. The main entrance to the farm was intended to be from the N side where there is an imposing gateway and lodge beside the church. The pig and sheep houses in particular create a grand facade when approached from the N, but Stockyards I and II, the Fodder Storage Buildings, Stable and Poolton at the south-west corner, are all designed to impress when viewed from the outside. Exterior: Consisting of a yard bounded by a brick wall on S side and with ranges housing cattle stalls on E, N and W sides, of brick with slate roofs. On the N side is a range of double pitch open to the yard and supported on timber posts; on W side is a single-storey range with vent ridge (which has glazed and louvred panels) and 6 round-headed doorways. To the E are 3 parallel ranges, of which the W range, probably built as a cart shed, is lower and has no vent ridge. These 3 ranges formed the NE corner of the farm complex when first built and consequently their N facade is designed to impress: Each range has coped stone gables on moulded kneelers. The central and E ranges, built as cow houses, have round-headed openings with louvres above round-headed doorways with stone imposts, wooden fanlights and boarded gates. In the W range is an infilled bullseye window over a blind arch within which is a round-headed window. The vent ridges have mainly panels with louvres, but also partly glazed. The S gables have blind round-headed windows at the upper level, 2 blind doorways beside the valley between the E and central wing, with wide doorways under timber lintels beside them. (The S gable of the W range is rebuilt.) The stockyard is laid with concrete.

Interior: King-post roofs with raking struts. The N range retains its cattle stalls.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1855.

First listed 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, stockyard II

Listed Building: 19511

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2423905274

Location: On the W side of Leighton Farm with Stockyard III to W, Hay Storage Building to S. The upper level of the E range is the Granary attached to the Threshing Barn and Mill. The E range is also the partition between Stockyard I and Stockyard II.

History: Early 1850s and probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. It was built contemporary with Stockyards I and III on the N side of the main E-W axis. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

The buildings were carefully designed to achieve a strong visual impact when approached from the roads to the N or W. The landscape was carefully controlled so that Leighton Farm could not be seen from the main Buttington to Forden road to W, alongside which was a mixed woodland plantation. The main entrance to the farm was intended to be from the N side where there is an imposing gateway and lodge beside the church. The pig and sheep houses in particular create a grand facade when approached from the N, but Stockyards I and II, the Fodder Storage Buildings, Stable and Poolton at the south-west corner, are all designed to impress when viewed from the outside. Exterior: Consisting of a yard bounded by a brick wall with gateway on S side and with ranges to house stock on the W, N and E sides; of brick with slate roof. The N range is double-pitched and open to the yard on timber posts (with the walls of modern sheds added). The E range has 5 doorways (of which 2 have modern lintels and the remainder are round- headed) and skylights in the roof. To the W are cow houses consisting of 2 parallel ranges with their gable ends facing the farm road to N. These have coped gables on moulded kneelers. The W range has a vent ridge with a round-headed louvred opening in the gable above a wide round-headed doorway with stone imposts and wooden gate. The E range has an infilled bullseye window above a round-headed blind arch with stone imposts, within which is a round-headed window. The vent ridge of the W range has some louvred panels but is otherwise glazed. The W wall of the W range has segmental-headed windows with louvres; the N wall of the N range facing the farm road has similar openings. (The W range culminates at the S end in a barn.) The stockyard is laid with concrete but is said to have a sump beneath the surface into which manure was swept, from where it entered a system of conduits to be pumped up to the top of Moel y Mab for redistribution as fertiliser.

Interior: The W range has queen-post roofs with raking struts. The N range has king-post roofs with raking struts.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1855.

First listed 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, stockyard III

Listed Building: 19512

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2420805270

Location: On the W side of Leighton Farm with a farm road on N and W sides. On E side is Stockyard II and Hay Storage Building; to S are further stockhouses.

History: Early 1850s and probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. It was built contemporary with Stockyards I and II. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Exterior: Consisting of a yard bounded by a curved cow shed on the N and W side which culminates to S in a hay shed which has an E wing, forming S end of yard. (The E side is defined by the W range of Stockyard II.) Of brick with slate roofs, on a random rubble plinth. The yard is entered from N side through full-height corrugated-iron doors. To the yard the cow house is open-sided with timber posts on concrete bases (now partly boarded up). The hay shed to the S has coped gables on moulded kneelers. To the yard it has 2 round-headed doorways with boarded doors, while its E wing has 2 similar doorways (one infilled) and an inserted full-height opening on E side. To W, facing the farm road, the hay shed has a central coped gablet which has a round-headed doorway above the plinth, and a boarded door with weatherboarding above. Flanking the doorway are 2 blind windows under segmental heads each side. (The hay shed and its W wing have skylights.)

The yard has a central dividing wall of brick which is continuous with the N wall of the hay shed. On S side of dividing wall the yard is laid with blue bricks.

Interior: The cow house and hay shed have king-post roofs with raking struts. The cow house is divided into bays by brick partition walls. The boarded doors in the hay shed slide on horizontal runners.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1855.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Farm, hay storage building

Listed Building: 19513

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2422005260

Location: On W side of Leighton Farm with Threshing Barn to E, Stockyard II to N, Stockyard III to W and stockhouses to S.

History: Built by 1849, the Hay Storage building is aligned on the main E-W axis with the Threshing Barn and Fodder Storage Buildings to which it was linked by a broad gauge railway. Probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Exterior: Aisled barn with vent ridge, of brick above a random rubble basement, and with coped gables on moulded kneelers and slate roof. The E gable end faces the farm road and has a wide and tall round-headed doorway with stone imposts and a boarded gate in vertical runners. Flanking the doorway are breathers in lozenge patterns, and above are 3x stepped round-headed windows with louvres and boards. To R are steps to basement enclosed by a coped brick wall; the basement has a stable door. The W gable end faces Stockyard III and is similar to E, except for a blind arch in the centre, within which is a round-headed opening with louvres. In the basement are round-headed openings to L and R, within which are later boarded doors in brick surrounds. The vent ridge on the N side has louvres, on the S side corrugated asbestos-cement sheets. The S side wall has breathers in lozenge patterns.

Interior: Ground floor supported on timber beams. It was originally designed so that hay could be shovelled down to the basement and taken out on the W side to Stockyard III.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1849.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Farm, stockyard IV

Listed Building: 19514

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2425605231

Location: Situated in the centre of Leighton Farm with Threshing Barn to N and Stable to S.

History: Built between 1847 and 1849 and probably designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor's Leighton Farm, the model farm of the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Exterior: Consisting of 4 small yards enclosed by a cruciform block of cow houses and the threshing barn and stable at N and S ends respectively. The cow houses consist of a long N-S range and a double-depth E-W range. The ends of the E-W range are flanked by short single- storey wings at right angles, probably originally intended for pigs. Of brick with coped gables and slate roof. The W gable ends of the E-W range have bullseye openings above windows with segmental heads, and a boarded stable door between. The wings to N and S have pitched roofs and doorways in the gable ends with boarded stable doors. The E gables of the E-W range have diagonal buttresses and round-headed arches within which are boarded doors with horizontal runners on the exterior wall. Between the gables is a boarded door beneath a concrete lintel, and above the valley between the roof pitches is an inserted vent ridge (mostly with weatherboarding) under a hipped slate roof. The short wings to N and S have hipped roofs and boarded sliding doors in the N and S walls respectively.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1849.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Farm, former office and stock houses

Listed Building: 19515

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2421005240

Location: Situated on the W side of Leighton Farm with farm road to W, Stockyard III and Hay Storage Building attached to N, and Poolton and Gortheur attached to S.

Exterior: Single-storey and consisting of a double-gabled main range (with basement) facing E, to which wings are attached to N and S. Behind main range is a small single-storey shed and a former yard bounded by a coped stone wall (within which is now a large modern shed). Of brick on a rubble-stone basement, and with slate roofs and coped gables on moulded kneelers. The main range has a round-headed doorway with boarded door in the valley between the gables, to R of which is a blocked doorway under segmental head, and to L is a boarded wooden door under a timber lintel. In the gables are bullseye windows. The N wing has a central, wide boarded door under a timber lintel and with strap hinges, with windows under segmental heads to L and R. The windows have fixed panes and are open with wooden battens above the sill. To L is an axial brick stack with a tall moulded pot. The S wing is longer and has, in centre, full-height boarded double doors with strap hinges and white brick jambs, to R of which is a fixed light beneath the wall plate (open with battens above the sill) and a plainer full-height door. To L of central doorway is the former office. This has a 12- pane sash window, to L of which (beyond an attached brick wall) is a round-headed doorway with a boarded door. A higher outer bay to S is gabled with copings on moulded kneelers, and has double boarded doors with strap hinges beneath a later steel lintel, and a raised gabled vent now boarded. To L of centre in S wing is an axial stack (and skylights).

To rear of main range are 2 large round-headed doorways to the basement, above which are 3 stepped round-headed windows in each bay. The N wing has a full-height opening leading to Stockyard III. In the yard behind the main range is a small single storey shed, possibly designed for a bull but now a stable, attached to the hay shed of Stockyard III to the N. The shed now has stable doors on E side, and in adjacent boundary wall is an inserted low boarded door in a brick surround.

Interior: The basement of the main range is supported on timber beams and thin cast iron columns. Otherwise not accessible at the time of inspection although said to contain hooks consistent with its use as tack rooms.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1849.

First listed 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, stable

Listed Building: 19516

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2425505216

Location: Situated at S end of Leighton Farm, fronting a minor road through Leighton. The building is attached to Stockyard IV on N side.

Exterior: Two-storey stable with covered loading bay, of brick with diagonal buttresses, and coped gables with slate roof. The loading bay is centrally-placed and has a 5-window range either side of it. It has a bullseye opening above 2 round-headed blind windows. The side walls are open under timber lintels, creating a vehicular through passage. The stable windows are incorporated within round-headed panels. To L of loading bay the windows are blocked in the lower storey, but part weatherboarded in the upper storey. To R of loading bay the windows are part infilled and part replaced. In the W gable is a tall round-headed blind arch with stone impost band, within which is a fixed round-headed window, the lower part of which is open with battens. In the gable is a bullseye window. In the E gable end is similar bullseye above a boarded door under a segmental head in the upper storey and an inserted window in the lower storey. To the rear, on the E side are 2 segmental-headed doorways with stable doors, above which are round-headed openings. On the W side are also stable doors and 3 round-headed openings (with a fourth added) in the upper storey.

Interior: Not inspected (November 1996).

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1849.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Farm, west stockhouse

Listed Building: 19517

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2418705258

Location: Situated at the W end of Leighton Farm with a walled yard to W and farm road to E.

History: Early 1850s and said to have been designed to house European bison, although later used as a cowhouse with cart shed. Slightly later than the main block of buildings at Leighton Farm, the model farm on the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Exterior: Long, 2-storey height stockhouse of brick with slate roof (which has 10 skylights inserted) and with coped stone gables on moulded kneelers. The feed was introduced on E side where the ground is at a higher level. This elevation has 5 full-height doorways, to the L of each of which are 3-window ranges. The doorways have stone thresholds and chamfered jambs, and have boarded doors with recessed circular iron handles. The windows have segmental heads and stone sills, and either louvres or hopper windows. On the W side the stock entered and the muck was taken out. It has splayed angles and 15 round-headed openings with white-brick impost band, beneath which the bricks are of a darker red colour. Above each opening are breathers in a lozenge pattern. Some of the openings have boarded doors, the remainder have blind lower halves, thus creating lunette windows. This sequence is interrupted by a doorway under a timber lintel to L of centre which has double wooden doors, and a wide full-height opening to L which is partly boarded. (The S gable end has a modern lean-to.)

Interior: The interior is divided by means of brick partition walls. King post roof with raking struts. The sliding doors have horizontal runners.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1855.

First listed 3/20/98 Name: Leighton Farm, former sheep-drying shed

Listed Building: 19519

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2419605325

Location: Situated on the NW side of Leighton Farm, with Piggery and Sheep Shed to E. Its attached wall continues S as West Stockyard Wall.

History: Built late 1850s specifically for washing, drying and grooming sheep for agricultural shows, and a part of Leighton Farm, the model farm on the Leighton Estate. John Naylor had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, principally Leighton Hall, church and Farm, which was largely completed by the mid 1850s. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889. His grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold the Estate in 1931, when Leighton Farm was bought by Montgomeryshire County Council.

Exterior: On a sloping site and consisting of a single-storey shed with basement, and attached walls on N and S sides, although there is no evidence now of a former stone-lined dip said to have been used for washing the sheep. The shed is of brick with random rubble basement walls; slate roof with coped gables on moulded kneelers and with brick stack behind W gable. The front faces E where the gable end has 2 round-headed doorways, which have boarded doors with sunk iron handles and overlights. Above the doorways are breathers in 3 stepped lozenge patterns. The S wall has a stepped white-brick plinth and to R is a blocked doorway under a segmental head. The N wall has a similar blocked doorway to L, and a buttress at the NW angle. In the 4-window W wall are, in the centre, 2 equally-placed round-headed windows incorporating casements, flanked by similar windows under segmental heads. Above are breathers in lozenge patterns similar to E wall. Beneath, the basement has 3 buttresses with pronounced batter. To L and R are doorways under dressed stone lintels with sliding boarded doors, which have externally placed horizontal runners.

A sheep run is bounded by walls on S side of Drying Shed. The walls are of random rubble with dressed copings, and are curved on the E and S sides. In the E side are 2 octagonal piers with pyramidal caps defining the original gateway. (A wider opening was later cut through the wall further S.) The W wall is buttressed on its external face, has some brickwork in its inner face, and has an inserted field-gate at the SW angle. The gate defines the position of an inner wall of brick which survives only partially and follows the line of the S and E walls to the doorway to R in the S wall of the Sheep Shed. From the NE angle of the Sheep Shed is a short rubble stone wall ending in an octagonal pier with pyramidal cap.

Interior: Modernised internally with partitions and insertion of stairs to basement. The floor is said to have had apertures through which heat rose from the basement for drying the sheep.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19; RCAHM Wales files: Plan of Leighton Estate, 1858-61.

First listed 3/20/98 Name: Lower Leighton Farm

Listed Building: 19521

Grade: II

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2447406587

Location: Located approximately 0.6km N of Leighton church opposite the junction between the B4388 and B4381.

History: Mid C19 farmhouse with servants' wing.

Exterior: Two-storey 4-unit farmhouse with rear wing. Timber-framed, in large square panels in the lower storey and smaller rectangular panels in the upper storey, with rendered infill, and with random rubble gable walls. Slate roof with brick stacks to R of centre and L. Centrally-placed gabled porch is rendered and has a panelled door with infilled overlight and round-headed windows in the side walls. To L is a boarded door. Large 2-light casements in the lower storey have margin glazing; smaller 2-light casements in the upper storey are below the wall plate. Behind the unit to L is a lower 2-storey wing with 2-light casements in the upper storey and replaced windows in the lower storey.

Interior: Not inspected (November 1996).

Reason: A good late example of the timber-framed tradition, retaining original detail.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Leighton Hall Tower

Listed Building: 19523

Grade: I

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2414704555

Location: Located approximately 1.4km S of Leighton church. The Tower is SE of Leighton Hall, reached by short private road E of B4388. A second (currently disused) service road leads to SW side of the Tower. The Tower has landscaped gardens to S and E.

History: Leighton Hall was built 1850-56 on the site of an earlier large house by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor. The Tower itself was erected in 1854-55 and was formerly linked to the Hall by means of a courtyard wing which was demolished in the early C20. Naylor, a Liverpool banker, had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, notably the church, Leighton Hall and Leighton Farm, all designed by Gee and completed by the mid 1850s. The Hall and the Tower were the showpiece of the Estate. John Naylor's grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold Leighton Hall and the Estate in 1931.

Exterior: Gothic style, highly picturesque in conception and detail. Five-stage octagonal tower narrowing at the upper 2 stages, with buttresses and higher W circular stair turret, with S wing of 2 storeys with attic and a gateway at right angles to wing. Of rock-faced Cefn stone with ashlar dressings. The buttresses are stepped and end at the upper stage with crocketed pinnacles set diagonally. The Tower has an embattled parapet, beneath which is a frieze of heads interspersed with shield-bearing angels, and which continues across the stair turret. Above the frieze the turret is hexagonal and has open cusped lancets in each face, with continuous sill band. The parapet is embattled above a string course with grotesques at the angles. In the upper stage of the tower are tall cross-windows. The turret has a balcony at this stage on large brackets with a balustrade consisting of 2 tiers of arcading. Above the balcony is a string course below a small lancet in an ashlar gable the S face. In the stage below, the tower has blind arrow slits alternating with small sash windows with cusped heads, beneath which is a frieze of blind quatrefoils continuing across the stair turret. In the stage below are larger cusped lancets alternating with large blind arrow loops, except for the E side which has a quatrefoil in a square panel with hood mould. In the lower 2 stages the details are confined to the 3 faces on E side, facing the garden. In the upper of the 2 stages is a balcony with arched openings in the buttresses. It has a parapet of pierced quatrefoils, a soffit of foiled panels and is carried by large brackets on head corbels. In the E face is a single-light window with stylised Decorated tracery (consisting of 2 mouchettes). Above it is a blank shield and the Naylor monogram (ICN) in relief beneath a trefoiled gable, and with foliage in relief and a fleur de lys finial. To L and R are blind stylised trefoil windows. In the lower stage is a door with studded ironwork flanked by shallow niches in the buttresses. In the faces to L and R are 2-light mullioned windows with Y-tracery and sill bands. The lower stages of the tower have plainer windows on the W side facing the courtyard, in contrast to the rich treatment of the E side facing the garden. The turret has tall narrow openings in the lower storeys.

The S wing has a garden front to E with an advanced gable to L and 3-window range to R. In the lower storey the bay to L has 2x 4-light mullioned windows with cinquefoil heads, with plainer 2-light mullioned windows in the upper storey under hood moulds and a single 2-light round-headed mullioned window in the attic. To R are 2-light mullioned windows with pointed heads and hood moulds, to L of which is a boarded door beneath a mullioned overlight in a doorway similar to window tracery. In the upper storey are 2-light windows with Y-tracery beneath gablets. Between upper and lower storeys are double continuous string courses. The S or road front consists of a gabled bay advanced from the main axis which has, at upper storey level, a sculpted panel within a 3-bay architrave with hood mould which has diamond stops. It consists of 2 blank shields flanking a large circle with a lozenge in the centre, above which are blind arches with foliage in the spandrels. This is linked with a 3- light mullioned window in an architrave, with a panelled sill incorporating sculpted heads in the attic. The rear entrance front is plainer and consists of ranges either side of a gateway across the service road and at right angles to the axis of the building. To R of the gateway is a 4-window range with 2x2-light windows with Y-tracery in the upper storey beneath gablets while further R are 2x2-light mullioned windows beneath gable, and between which is lozenge with pointed quatrefoil and foliage in relief, and which has a hood mould continuous with the windows. In the attic of the gable is a 2-light round-headed window. The lower storey has 2-light windows. The elevation continues a short distance L of the gateway where it is lower and embattled, and has a doorway to the tower under a segmental pointed head. The S wing has a central stack with 6 tall patterned flues.

The gateway has a 2-centred arch with boarded doors, above which is a coped gable with, on the S face, a sculpture of St George and Dragon. (The gateway is attached to the Library Garden to W. Attached on the N side is the wall of the courtyard to Leighton Hall.)

Interior: At the base of the Tower are 2 ashlar niches flanking a spiral stone stair which continues to the top of the turret. The top stage of the tower has an imitation vault of timber ribs on wall shafts with foliage capitals, and with a moulded cornice. The doorway to the turret has a hood mould, as does an empty niche to the R of it. In the floor of the top stage are thick glass panels. A timber stairway leads down to a concealed chamber top-lit only by these panels. The room is entirely fitted with cupboards and drawers with linenfold panelling.

In the S wing are Gothic-panelled doors, and red and black tiles laid in diaper fashion. A large room at the S end has doors with linenfold panelling, and a fireplace with a timber mantel and cast iron grille finely decorated with birds, foliage and the Naylor monogram in relief.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 117-18; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: Footbridge E of Serpentine Pond at Leighton Hall

Listed Building: 19531

Grade: II*

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2422904682

Location: Situated to the E of the Serpentine Pond, on the NE side of the landscape gardens at Leighton Hall.

History: Designed by Edward Kemp, a pupil of Joseph Paxton, c1860 and part of the landscape gardens at Leighton Hall where bridges were used to span the natural hollows. Leighton Hall has formal gardens S of the library wing and SE of the Tower. In contrast, NE of the Hall and Tower it has a landscape garden which was planted with trees and shrubs, its woodland walks also contrasting with the terrace walks of the formal garden. The bridge E of the Serpentine Pond forms part of the path through the landscape garden, one of 3 such bridges.

Exterior: Triple-arched bridge of coursed, rock-faced Cefn stone with ashlar dressings. Consisting of rusticated Tudor arches, the central arch wider and with a blank shield as a keystone. The outer arches have blind mouchettes in the spandrels and machicolations above. Beneath the parapet is a string course with prominent gargoyles. The parapet consists of stepped pierced trefoil arcading and ramped coping (much of which is now fallen). The abutments have no parapet but similar coping and end in low square piers. The flat deck is laid with modern concrete but the original drainage channels along the parapet survive.

References: Haslam R, Powys, Buildings of Wales series, 1979, pp 118-19; Haslam R, `Leighton Hall Estate, Powys', Country Life 27/6/1991, pp 116-19.

First listed 12/24/82, last amended 3/20/98 Name: The Hawys

Listed Building: 19534

Grade: II

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2375405012

Location: Located approximately 1.1km SSW of Leighton church on W side of B4388 and on S side of junction with a farm road to Gwyn's Barn.

History: Later C19, possibly designed by the Liverpool architect W.H. Gee for John Naylor. Naylor, a Liverpool banker, had acquired the Leighton Estate in 1846-47 and embarked on an ambitious programme of building, notably Leighton Hall, church and Leighton Farm, all designed by Gee and completed by the mid 1850s. Leighton Hall was constructed 1850-56. Naylor continued to extend and improve the Estate until his death in 1889, during which time a number of lodges were built, all of which use similar materials but have subtle differences in their design, and which contrast with the plainer brick labourers' cottages. Naylor's grandson, Captain J.M. Naylor, sold Leighton Hall and the Estate in 1931.

Exterior: Picturesque simple Tudor-Gothic lodge of one-and-a-half storeys, consisting of main range with cross-gables to front and rear, forming a cruciform plan. Of rock-faced, snecked Cefn stone with larger quoins and window surrounds; slate roof with trailed barge boards, spike finials, crested ridge and a central stone stack. In cross-gable to front is a 2-light mullioned window incorporating sashes and a sash window in the gable. To L of cross-gable is doorway which has a boarded door with iron studs and fake strap hinges in a shallow Tudor arch. (To R of cross-gable is top-hung casement window.) In L gable end and rear cross-gable are windows similar to front. Gable end to R has C20 wing added.

Interior: Not inspected (November 1996).

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Pen-y-llan

Listed Building: 19555

Grade: II

Community: Forden (Powys)

NGR: SJ2246701915

Location: Located on a hilltop at the end of a long farm road which starts from near the centre of the hamlet of Forden.

History: A substantial three unit farmhouse probably built in the later C17 or early C18, with lobby entry to the left two bays, and a contemporary third bay with gable stack, and a continuous outshot along the rear, possibly a later addition.

Exterior: The ground floor is of brick and the upper floor of square-panel timber framing, with a slate roof. The lower floor brick probably replaces stone. The framing is 3 panels high, with long straight tension braces, the top panel perhaps added when the roof pitch was reduced. Boarded doors with lean-to canopies, and paned timber windows, some replaced in the 1990's to the same detail. One small gabled dormer to the front, and 3 to the rear. Four- flue brick stack, and a 2-flue gable stack, also of brick.

Interior: Back to back fireplaces in hall and parlour, with twin chamfered spine beams. Bread oven in hall fireplace. Service room in the third bay has a gable stack and single ogee- stopped spine beam, and with a further oven to the side of the fireplace, now altered. The stair is in the outshut behind the main stack.

Reason: Included as a good example of a larger farmhouse of traditional form, built using both masonry and timber framing late in the history of the tradition.

First listed 3/20/98

Name: Rhydwhiman Crossing Cottage

Listed Building: 87275

Grade: II

Community: Montgomery (Powys)

NGR: SO2098698237

Location: Situated on N side of Rhydwhyman level crossing.

History: Railway crossing-keepers cottage, presumably of the 1860s as the Oswestry & Newtown Railway line was built by David Davies and Thomas Savin in 1859-61. It passed by 1864 to the Cambrian Railway and it is possible that the cottage was built after 1864 as a pencilled 'Cam Rys Lodge' was found inside. There were several other crossing cottages to this design, all altered, e.g. at Pant, Pool Quay and Buttington. The deeds to this one are said to be signed by Savin & Davies. The cottage was occupied by a porter employed at Montgomery station and his wife who operated the gates.

Exterior: Crossing-keeper's cottage, red brick laid in English bond, with slate flat-eaved roof and brick left side wall stack. One storey, gable fronted with 12-pane hornless sash each side of original tall framed panelled door, the two panels infilled with chamfered boards. All have brick cambered heads. The gable verges are slightly returned at feet. Left side wall has cambered-headed 12-pane sash to right. Right side wall is slate-hung, with modern conservatory. Rear is similar to front.

Interior: Interior not inspected. Said to have a well-made king-post truss roof.

Reason: Included for its special historic interest as a rare unaltered crossing-keeper's cottage.

References: Information from the owner; Ivor Thomas, Top Sawyer, 1938, pp 54-5.

First listed 12/16/05