DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Land Planarian Species of Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest of Southern Chile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Land Planarian Species of Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest of Southern Chile Zoosyst. Evol. 87 (2) 2011, 327–334 / DOI 10.1002/zoos.201100010 A new land planarian species of Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from the Valdivian temperate rainforest of southern Chile Jos Horacio Grau*,1 and Fernando Carbayo2 1 Museum fr Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut fr Evolutions- und Biodiversittsforschung an der Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße, 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany 2 Escola de Artes, Cincias e Humanidades, Universidade de So Paulo. So Paulo, Brazil Abstract Received 5 January 2011 A new species, Geoplana valdiviana sp. n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), from southern Accepted 1 March 2011 Chile is described. The species is characterized by having the cutaneous musculature Published 23 September 2011 ventrally reaching up to the central nervous system, the parenchymal muscle layers gathered in bundles, a penis papilla with the dorsal insertion anterior to the ventral Key Words insertion, shell glands opening only into the common glandular duct, and oviducts greatly widened in their ascending portion. The two former features are also present in Continenticola Geoplana chanca and Pasipha ercilla, and might be an evidence of close phylogenetic Geoplaninae relationship between them. flatworm Introduction Geoplana Stimpson, 1857 is the richest genus within Geoplaninae (ca. 280 species) and is found widely throughout the Neotropical region. Twenty-five nominal Land planarians are a group of carnivorous free-living species are known from Chile, five of them belonging platyhelminths (Jennings 1971) with a worldwide distri- to Geoplana (see Grau & Carbayo 2010). Here we de- bution, to the exclusion of the polar region (Winsor scribe a new Chilean Geoplana species from the Valdi- et al. 1998). They are predators in soil ecosystems, vian temperate rainforest. where they inhabit humid forest floors and can reach high levels of diversity in the tropics (Winsor et al. 1998). The Neotropical land planarian fauna is com- posed of representatives belonging to three subfamilies, Material and methods Rhynchodeminae, Microplaninae and Geoplaninae; the latter being the largest and exclusive to the Neotropics A single specimen was collected in January 2007 in the Arboretum Park of the Universidad Austral de Chile, in the campus Island Teja (Ogren & Kawakatsu 1998). As external features are (39480 S; 73150 W) at 5 meters above sea level, Valdivia, Los Rios few in number in land planarians, and some of these, region, southern Chile. The worm was collected by hand, and then such as the color pattern of the body might show in- directly put into a plastic tube containing 90 % ethanol for fixation traspecific variation, internal characteristics are the and preservation. Fragments of the anterior region, pre-pharyngeal re- most important for unequivocal identification, and for gion, pharynx and copulatory apparatus were sectioned and dehy- providing systematic and phylogenetic data. Geoplani- drated in ascending ethanol series, and subsequently embedded in nid species, whose internal morphology presently re- Paraplast. Sagittal, horizontal and transverse serial sections (8 mm thick) of different body regions were stained with Mallory-Cason tri- mains unknown, are placed in the genus Pseudogeopla- chrome and Masson stains (Winsor 1998). na Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990; a taxon specifically The ratio of the height of the cutaneous musculature to the height erected to accomodate species inquirendae and nomina of the body (cutaneous muscular index, CMI or mc:h) was calculated dubia (Ogren & Kawakatsu 1990). after Froehlich (1955). Illustrations were made using a microscope * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] # 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 328 Grau, J. H. & Carbayo, F.: New species of Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from southern Chile with a drawing tube attachment. The holotype is deposited in the Mu- body margins throughout most of the body length and seum fr Naturkunde Berlin, Germany, under the acronym ZMB (for gradually tapering towards the pointed anterior tip; the Zoologisches Museum Berlin). posterior one is rounded. Dorsum general appearance Abbreviations used in figures grey-blackish, with a wide yellow median band, and cml, cutaneous muscle layer; cns, central nervous system; co, common scattered with white eye halos on the lateral region glandular ovovitelline duct; dd, dorsal double diagonal parenchymal (Fig. 1). The anterior 1.5 mm region is blackish, with a muscle layer; de, dorsal epithelium; di, dorsal insertion of the pharynx; thin median white stripe almost at the end of which a e, eyes; ej, ejaculatory duct; fa, female genital atrium; g, gonopore; gl, glands; i, intestine; m, mouth; od, ovovitelline duct; phm, pharyngeal transverse stripe (also white) runs perpendicular, thus musculature; php, pharyngeal pouch; pp, penis papilla; pv, prostatic ve- forming a cross pattern near the anterior tip. A median sicle; sb, sub-intestinal transverse parenchymal muscle layer; sbn, sub- yellowish band with scattered small dark pigment dots cutaneous nervous system; sd, sperm duct; sg, shell glands; sp, supra-in- runs posteriorly from the median white stripe up to testinal transverse parenchymal muscle layer; t, testes; va, vagina; ve, shortly before the posterior end. The yellowish band is ventral epithelium; vi, ventral insertion of the pharynx; vit, vitellaria. outlined by black stripes that become dark-grey towards the body margins. White eye halos spread dorsally on Results each side of the yellow median band. Ventrally the body is whitish, with the anterior tip darker than rest of Geoplana valdiviana sp. n. the under-surface. A faint grey median line runs along Material. Holotype, ZMB 11245. Valdivia (Chile), January 2007. F. the ventral surface. Cdiz, col. Anterior region: transverse sections on 24 slides. Anterior Eyes present at the anterior tip arranged in an irregu- region 2: horizontal sections on six slides. Pre-pharyngeal region: lar single marginal row. Posteriorly eyes gradually mul- transverse sections on four slides. Pharynx: sagittal sections on six tiplying and extending dorsally as much as 1/3 of body slides. Copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on ten slides. Remain- width from each body side along the entire body der of body in 80 % ethanol. length. Sensory pits running marginally along the first Diagnosis. Geoplana species with body lanceolate and third of the body in a single row. Ciliated creeping sole flat, 24 mm in length. Blackish dorsum provided with a extending to about 80 % of body width. cross-shaped whitish design on the cephalic region, and Epidermis and its secretions. Dorsal epithelium a median yellow band on the rest of the back. Eyes thicker than ventral (Figs 2B–C). Granular erythrophil dorsal with clear halos. Glandular margin present. CMI, secretions opening through dorsal body surface and 18–19 %. Testes dorsal, underneath supra-intestinal through body margins. Amorphous cyanophil glands transverse parenchymatic muscle layer; dorsal insertion opening through dorsal and ventral surfaces. Rhabdito- of penis papilla anterior to ventral one. Ascending por- gen cells distributed dorsally and ventrally, being more tion of ovovitelline ducts greatly widened. Shell glands abundant on the dorsal surface. Towards the anterior re- opening only into common glandular duct. gion of the body granular erythrophil secretions accu- Type locality. Valdivian temperate rainforest (39480 S; 73150 W) sur- mulate between the intestinal branches and open mainly rounding the city of Valdivia in southern Chile. The park where the through the margins and the ventral surface (Fig. 2A). worm was collected bears some patches of native forest that suffers Towards the anterior region cyanophil glands also be- from low human disturbance. come more abundant. Etymology. The specific name refers to the city of Val- Cutaneous musculature. The cutaneous musculature divia, southern Chile, where the specimen was col- is formed by the three typical layers found in Geoplani- lected. nae, i.e., circular, double diagonal and longitudinal. The longitudinal layer is the most developed and is packed Description in thick and dense bundles. The dorsal layer is 50– External morphology. Body of medium size, after fixa- 60 mm thick (Fig. 2B); the ventral, which reaches up to tion 24 mm long, 3.3 mm wide, 0.9 mm thick. Parallel the ventral nervous plate, is 80–90 mm thick (Figs 2C, Figure 1. Geoplana valdiviana sp. n. Fixed holotype. Photograph of the dorsal side of the body. Anterior end pointig to the left. The posterior end is bent upwards. museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de # 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Zoosyst. Evol. 87 (2) 2011, 327–334 329 Figure 2. Geoplana valdiviana sp. n. Holotype. Photomicrographs of cross-sectioned pre-pharyngeal region. A. General view; B. Dorsal musculature; C. Ventral musculature. 4E). As no ventral submuscular peripheral nerve net Parenchymal musculature. Three muscle layers are was seen, it is presumed here to be located very close present; dorsal double diagonal (30–40 mm thick), to the central nerve plate. Towards the anterior and pos- transverse supra-intestinal (30–40 mm thick) and trans- terior ends of the body the muscle layers gradually verse sub-intestinal (30–45 mm thick). All three par- weaken until they disappear without specializations. enchymal muscle layers constituted by fibers, mostly # 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de 330 Grau, J. H. & Carbayo, F.:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Species of Terrestrial Planar
    A new species of terrestrial planarian of the genus Notogynaphallia Ogren & Kawakatsu (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from south Brazil and some comments on the genus Eudóxia Maria Froehlich 1 & Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet 2 1 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas de Planárias, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. 93022-000 São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new species of Notogynaphallia Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990, from Southern Brazil, is described. Notogynaphallia ceciliae sp. nov. has an elongated body with parallel margins and five dorsal dark longitudinal stripes on a yellowish ground. It possess branched efferent ducts, each branch opening separately into the anterior and median thirds of the long prostatic vesicle. Comparative commentaries on the most important characters of the external and internal morphology of the 23 species of the genus are also presented, so delimiting smaller inside groups. KEY WORDS. Geoplaninae, morphology, species complex, taxonomy. In a previous paper a complex of four species of Notogynaphallia with isopropanol, and embedded in Paraplast Plus (Sigma). Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990 (Geoplanidae , Geoplaninae Stimp- Serial sections, 6µm thick, were stained with Goldner’s Masson son, 1857) was presented; all the species showing elongated or Cason’s Mallory (ROMEIS 1989). To obtain better staining re- body, with parallel margins and dorsum with five or seven dark actions, dewaxed sections were submitted to mordanting with longitudinal stripes on a yellowish background (LEAL-ZANCHET SUSA’s fixative (ROMEIS 1989) for 20 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual of Experimentation in Planaria
    l\ MANUAL .OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTATION ON PLANARIANS Ed;ted by James V. McConnell A MANUAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTATI< ON PlANARIANS is a special publication of THE WORM RUNNER'S DIGEST James V. McConnell, Editor Mental Health Research Institute The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan BOARD OF CONSULTING EDITORS: Dr. Margaret L. Clay, Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Michigan Dr. WiHiam Corning, Department of Biophysics, Michigan State University Dr. Peter Driver, Stonehouse, Glouster, England Dr. Allan Jacobson, Department of Psychology, UCLA Dr. Marie Jenkins, Department of Biology, Madison College, Harrisonburg, Virginir Dr. Daniel P. Kimble, Department of Psychology, The University of Oregon Mrs. Reeva Jacobson Kimble, Department of Psychology, The University of Oregon Dr. Alexander Kohn, Department of Biophysics, Israel Institute for Biological Resear( Ness-Ziona, Israel Dr. Patrick Wells, Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, Calif 01 __ Business Manager: Marlys Schutjer Circulation Manager: Mrs. Carolyn Towers Additional copies of this MANUAL may be purchased for $3.00 each from the Worm Runner's Digest, Box 644, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Information concerning subscription to the DIGEST itself may also be obtained from this address. Copyright 1965 by James V. McConnell No part of this MANUAL may be ;e�p� oduced in any form without prior written consen MANUAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTATION ON PLANARIANS ·� �. : ,. '-';1\; DE DI�C A T 1 a'li � ac.-tJ.l that aILe. plle.J.le.l1te.cl iVl thiJ.l f, fANUA L [ve.lle. pUIlc.ilaJ.le.d blj ituVldlle.dJ.l 0& J.lc.ie.l1tiJ.ltJ.lo wil , '{'l1d.{.vidua"tlu aVld c.olle.c.t- c.aVlVlot be.g.{.Vl to l1ame.
    [Show full text]
  • View of Toba Indigenous People That Inhabit the Chacoan Negrete Et Al
    Negrete et al. Zoological Studies (2015) 54:58 DOI 10.1186/s40555-015-0136-5 RESEARCH Open Access A new species of Notogynaphallia (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) extends the known distribution of land planarians in Chacoan province (Chacoan subregion), South America Lisandro Negrete1,2, Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet3 and Francisco Brusa1,2* Abstract Background: The subfamily Geoplaninae (Geoplanidae) includes land planarian species of the Neotropical Region. In Argentina, the knowledge about land planarian diversity is still incipient, although this has recently increased mainly in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem. However, other regions like Chacoan forests remain virtually unexplored. Results: In this paper, we describe a new species of the genus Notogynaphallia of the Chacoan subregion. This species is characterized by a black pigmentation on the dorsum and a dark grey ventral surface. The eyes with clear halos extend to the dorsal surface. The pharynx is cylindrical. The main features of the reproductive system involve testes anterior to the ovaries, prostatic vesicle intrabulbar (with a tubular proximal portion and a globose distal portion) opening broadly in a richly folded male atrium, common glandular ovovitelline duct and female genital canal dorso-anteriorly flexed constituting a “C”, female atrium tubular proximally and widening distally. Conclusions: This is the first report of the genus Notogynaphallia in Argentina (Chacoan subregion, Neotropical Region) which increases its geographic distribution in South America. Also, as a consequence of features observed in species of the genus, we propose an emendation of the generic diagnosis. Keywords: Land flatworms; Notogynaphallia; Geoplaninae; Argentina; Chacoan subregion; Neotropical Region Background chain, land planarians are good indicator taxa in biodiver- Land planarians are free-living flatworms that live in sity and conservation studies (Sluys 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Three New Neotropical Species and a New Genus of Land Flatworms
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2020 Band/Volume: 0705 Autor(en)/Author(s): Oliveira Karine Gobetti de, Bolonhezi Laura Bianco, Almeida Ana Laura, Lago-Barcia Domingo Artikel/Article: Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land fl atworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae) 1-21 European Journal of Taxonomy 705: 1–21 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.705 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · de Oliveira K.G. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B05B3C54-31C8-42C4-940F-63354D573678 Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land fl atworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae) Karine Gobetti de OLIVEIRA 1, Laura Bianco BOLONHEZI 2, Ana Laura ALMEIDA 3, Domingo LAGO-BARCIA 4 & Fernando CARBAYO 5,* 1,2,3,4,5 Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3,5 Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263-000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 4,5 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:CABFB5FD-2E07-4887-9EEE-99646C3AAD4F 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3A754EE2-FDE5-4D88-BE81-619ED5AAC491 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:DA8396A4-2113-47C7-8EA5-41B9651BEE32 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1C988356-F43C-4ACC-B137-3CAA3BBC23B1 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FEFD8A85-5041-4F95-9F0F-FC12ADE0B29E Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of the Land Planarians Bipalium Kewense and Geoplana Sp
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 35 Article 22 1981 Occurrence of the Land Planarians Bipalium kewense and Geoplana Sp. in Arkansas James J. Daly University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Julian T. Darlington Rhodes College Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Daly, James J. and Darlington, Julian T. (1981) "Occurrence of the Land Planarians Bipalium kewense and Geoplana Sp. in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 35 , Article 22. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol35/iss1/22 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 35 [1981], Art. 22 GENERAL NOTES WINTER FEEDING OF FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH IN CAGES* Private warmwater fish culture of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) inthe United States began inthe early 1950's (Brown, E. E., World Fish Farming, Cultivation, and Economics 1977. AVIPublishing Co., Westport, Conn. 396 pp). Early culture techniques consisted of stocking, harvesting, and feeding catfish only during the warmer months.
    [Show full text]
  • Tec-1 Kinase Negatively Regulates Regenerative Neurogenesis in Planarians Alexander Karge1, Nicolle a Bonar1, Scott Wood1, Christian P Petersen1,2*
    RESEARCH ARTICLE tec-1 kinase negatively regulates regenerative neurogenesis in planarians Alexander Karge1, Nicolle A Bonar1, Scott Wood1, Christian P Petersen1,2* 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States; 2Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States Abstract Negative regulators of adult neurogenesis are of particular interest as targets to enhance neuronal repair, but few have yet been identified. Planarians can regenerate their entire CNS using pluripotent adult stem cells, and this process is robustly regulated to ensure that new neurons are produced in proper abundance. Using a high-throughput pipeline to quantify brain chemosensory neurons, we identify the conserved tyrosine kinase tec-1 as a negative regulator of planarian neuronal regeneration. tec-1RNAi increased the abundance of several CNS and PNS neuron subtypes regenerated or maintained through homeostasis, without affecting body patterning or non-neural cells. Experiments using TUNEL, BrdU, progenitor labeling, and stem cell elimination during regeneration indicate tec-1 limits the survival of newly differentiated neurons. In vertebrates, the Tec kinase family has been studied extensively for roles in immune function, and our results identify a novel role for tec-1 as negative regulator of planarian adult neurogenesis. Introduction The capacity for adult neural repair varies across animals and bears a relationship to the extent of adult neurogenesis in the absence of injury. Adult neural proliferation is absent in C. elegans and *For correspondence: rare in Drosophila, leaving axon repair as a primary mechanism for healing damage to the CNS and christian-p-petersen@ northwestern.edu PNS. Mammals undergo adult neurogenesis throughout life, but it is limited to particular brain regions and declines with age (Tanaka and Ferretti, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Land Flatworm Community Structure in a Subtropical Deciduous Forest in Southern Brazil
    Belg. J. Zool., 140 (Suppl.): 83-90 July 2010 Land flatworm community structure in a subtropical deciduous forest in Southern Brazil Vanessa A. Baptista and Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet Graduation Program in Diversity and Management of Wildlife and Institute for Planarian Research, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000 São Leopoldo – RS, Brazil. Corresponding author: A.M. Leal-Zanchet; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Due to their biological characteristics and habitat requirements, land planarians have been proposed as indicator taxa in biodiversity and conservation studies. Herein, we investigated spatial patterns of land flatworm communities in the three main existent vegetation types of the most significant remnant of the subtropical deciduous forest in south Brazil. The main questions were: (1) How spe- cies-rich is the study area? (2) How are community-structure attributes allocated in areas with distinct floristic composition? (3) What are the effects of soil humidity and soil organic matter content on flatworm abundance? (4) Are there seasonal differences regarding species richness? (5) Are the communities in the three types of vegetation distinct? Twenty-two flatworm species, distributed in five genera and two subfamilies, were recorded. Results indicated that: (1) species richness, evenness, abundance, and dominance in the three vegetation types are not significantly different; (2) diversity indices were higher for areas with caducifolious forest than for areas with jaboticaba trees with marginally significant differences; (3) flatworm abundance is negatively related to soil organic matter; (4) there are no significant dif- ferences in flatworm species richness throughout the year; and (5) flatworm communities in the three types of vegetation are not distinct.
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) of the Australian Region
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Winsor, Leigh (2003) Studies on the systematics and biogeography of terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) of the Australian region. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/24134/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/24134/ Studies on the Systematics and Biogeography of Terrestrial Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) of the Australian Region. Thesis submitted by LEIGH WINSOR MSc JCU, Dip.MLT, FAIMS, MSIA in March 2003 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Discipline of Zoology and Tropical Ecology within the School of Tropical Biology at James Cook University Frontispiece Platydemus manokwari Beauchamp, 1962 (Rhynchodemidae: Rhynchodeminae), 40 mm long, urban habitat, Townsville, north Queensland dry tropics, Australia. A molluscivorous species originally from Papua New Guinea which has been introduced to several countries in the Pacific region. Common. (photo L. Winsor). Bipalium kewense Moseley,1878 (Bipaliidae), 140mm long, Lissner Park, Charters Towers, north Queensland dry tropics, Australia. A cosmopolitan vermivorous species originally from Vietnam. Common. (photo L. Winsor). Fletchamia quinquelineata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) (Geoplanidae: Caenoplaninae), 60 mm long, dry Ironbark forest, Maryborough, Victoria. Common. (photo L. Winsor). Tasmanoplana tasmaniana (Darwin, 1844) (Geoplanidae: Caenoplaninae), 35 mm long, tall open sclerophyll forest, Kamona, north eastern Tasmania, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Platydemus Manokwari Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Platydemus manokwari Platydemus manokwari System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Geoplanidae Common name snail-eating flatworm (English), Flachwurm (German), flatworm (English) Synonym Similar species Summary Worldwide land snail diversity is second only to that of arthropods. Tropical oceanic islands support unique land snail faunas with high endemism; biodiversity of land snails in Pacific islands is estimated to be around 5 000 species, most of which are endemic to single islands or archipelagos. Many are already under threat from the rosy wolfsnail (Euglandina rosea), an introduced predatory snail. They now face a newer but no less formidable threat, the introduced flatworm Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes). Both \"biocontrol\" species continue to be dispersed to new areas in attempts to control Achatina fulica. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description This flatworm has a uniform exterior appearance. The adult length is 40 to 65mm long, 4 to 7mm wide. The head end is more pointed than tail end. The flattened cross section has a thickness less than 2mm. The colour of the dorsal surface is very dark brown, almost black, with a thin medial pale line. The ventral surface is pale gray. (de Beauchamp, 1963). Notes A rhynchodemid flatworm, Platydemus manokwari, was discovered in New Guinea and originally described in 1962 (Kaneda Kitagawa and Ichinohe 1990). Little has been known of its biology except that it is nocturnal, and there apparently is no report on the rearing of this flatworm (Kaneda Kitagawa and Ichinohe 1990). Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Platydemus Pag.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and Free-Living Flatworms
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and Free-Living Flatworms Eduard Solà1☯, Marta Álvarez-Presas1☯, Cristina Frías-López1, D. Timothy J. Littlewood2, Julio Rozas1, Marta Riutort1* 1 Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat and Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 2 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] (MR) Abstract Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are useful and relatively accessible sources of mo- lecular data to explore and understand the evolutionary history and relationships of eukary- OPEN ACCESS otic organisms across diverse taxonomic levels. The availability of complete mitogenomes Citation: Solà E, Álvarez-Presas M, Frías-López C, from Platyhelminthes is limited; of the 40 or so published most are from parasitic flatworms Littlewood DTJ, Rozas J, Riutort M (2015) (Neodermata). Here, we present the mitogenomes of two free-living flatworms (Tricladida): Evolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and Free-Living Flatworms. PLoS ONE 10(3): the complete genome of the freshwater species Crenobia alpina (Planariidae) and a nearly e0120081. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120081 complete genome of the land planarian Obama sp. (Geoplanidae). Moreover, we have rea- Academic Editor: Hector Escriva, Laboratoire notated the published mitogenome of the species Dugesia japonica (Dugesiidae). This con- Arago, FRANCE tribution almost doubles the total number of mtDNAs published for Tricladida, a species-rich Received: September 18, 2014 group including model organisms and economically important invasive species. We took the opportunity to conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses between available free-living Accepted: January 19, 2015 and selected parasitic flatworms in order to gain insights into the putative effect of life cycle Published: March 20, 2015 on nucleotide composition through mutation and natural selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Diversity in Forest Soils: Characterization and Comparison of Terrestrial Flatworm’S Communities in Two National Parks in Spain
    Received: 12 January 2018 | Revised: 3 April 2018 | Accepted: 20 April 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4178 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Hidden diversity in forest soils: Characterization and comparison of terrestrial flatworm’s communities in two national parks in Spain Marta Álvarez-Presas1 | Eduardo Mateos2 | Marta Riutort1 1Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Institut de Recerca de la Abstract Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, and Geoplanidae) belong to what Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain is known as cryptic soil fauna of humid forests and are animals not easily found or 2Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat captured in traps. Nonetheless, they have been demonstrated to be good indicators de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain of the conservation status of their habitat as well as a good model to reconstruct the Correspondence recent and old events affecting biodiversity. This is mainly due to their delicate con- Marta Riutort, Departament de Genètica, stitution, their dependence on the integrity of their habitat, and their very low dis- Microbiologia i Estadística, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), persal capacity. At present, little is known about their communities, except for some Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda studies performed in Brazil. In this work, we analyze for the first time in Europe ter- Diagonal, 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Email: [email protected] restrial flatworm communities. We have selected two protected areas belonging to the Red Española de Parques Nacionales. Our aims include performing a first study of Funding information Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y the species richness and community structure for European terrestrial planarian spe- Medio Ambiente (Spain) program “Ayudas cies at regional and local scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation on Invasive Land Gastropods by a Neotropical Land Planarian Piter Kehoma Boll and Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet*
    Journal of Natural History, 2015 Vol. 49, Nos. 17–18, 983–994, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.981312 Predation on invasive land gastropods by a Neotropical land planarian Piter Kehoma Boll and Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet* Instituto de Pesquisa de Planárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil (Received 22 May 2014; accepted 23 October 2014; first published online 18 December 2014) Studies on the predatory behaviour of land planarians have focused mainly on established invasive species, while the feeding habits of non-invasive planarians are poorly understood. We analyse the predatory behaviour of Obama ladislavii,a land planarian native to southern Brazil that is common in both natural and human-disturbed areas. Observations were performed in the laboratory. Several groups of invertebrates were offered as possible prey and interactions between these invertebrates and planarians were recorded. Obama ladislavii fed on the introduced land gastropods Bradybaena similaris, Helix aspersa and Deroceras laeve, ignoring other invertebrates. Once potential prey were identified, we tested the ability of O. ladislavii to recognize and follow slime trails, and demonstrated the planarian’s ability to follow chemical trails from prey in the environment. The consumption of exotic species indicates a flexible, generalist diet that is consistent with the ability of O. ladislavii to adapt to environments altered by human activities. Thus, this species may become invasive if introduced outside of its original distribution, but it also has the potential to be used in biological control programs for pest management in its native range.
    [Show full text]