International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

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International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

EDITORIAL BOARD

Izham Ahmad Editor-in-Chief

Nur Azura Adam Editor

REVIEWERS

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hanafi Musa Prof. Dr. Mohd Mansor Ismail Assoc. Prof. Dr. Izham Ahmad Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nur Azura Adam Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wong Mui Yun Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siti Aishah Hassan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muta Harah Zakaria@Ya Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norsida Man Dr Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab Dr Samsuri Abd Wahid Dr Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman Dr Nolila Mohd Nawi Dr Anjas Asmara@Ab. Hadi Samsudin Dr Khairulmazmi Ahmad

Disclaimer: The Editorial Board takes no responsibility for any content of the papers in this proceedings. Opinions expressed and arguments employed in the papers do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizers.

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International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

PREFACE

This Proceedings of the International Agriculture Congress 2014 held at Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside from 25-27 November 2014 is a compilation of extended abstracts of both oral and poster papers. It is the 5th series of congress organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia with the theme ‗Agriculture Innovation‘.

The theme is appropriate to boost agriculture productivity to ensure food security. Various scopes were deliberated including in the areas of food crop production, livestock production, plantation crop, horticultural crops, aquaculture & fisheries, agriculture biotechnology, pest management & biosecurity, post-harvest management, sustainable agriculture, economics,agribusiness & policy and agriculture extension & education.

A total of 203 papers were presented in 2 keynote, 5 plenary, 77 oral and 119 poster presentations. The participation from 21 countries shows the importance of the congress theme for agriculture transformation towards enhancement of agriculture productivity through discovery and innovation. The Proceedings will serve as a valuable source of reference for researchers, academecians, extension agents, policy makers, students and the general public. We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all the reviewers for their time spent reviewing the papers.

Izham Ahmad Editor-in-Chief November 2014

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International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

O1: Urban Agri-Food Challenges And Apportunities 19 Yahya, A.

O2: Allelophatic Effect Of Sunflower Parts Extract In Different Growth Stages On Germination 20 And Seed Production Of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Yarnia Mehrdad and Khalilvan Behrouzyar Ebrahim

O3: Effects Of Legume Residue And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Striga Count And Some Characters 25 Associated With Damage In The Production Of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) In Bauchi State, Nigeria Shuaibu, Y.M., Garba, A.A., Voncir, N., Fagam, A.S. and Sabo, M.U.

O4: General And Specific Combining Ability Studies In Tropical Sweet Corn 29 Kashiani, P., Saleh, G., Jothi, M.P. and Abdullah, N.A.P.

O5: Efficiency Enhanced Fertilizer Urea For Crop Production And The Environment 34 Khanif, Y.M., Rosmarina, A.K., Mahfuzah, E., Muaz. H. and Nur Faizatulakma

O6: Soil, Nutrients And Water Conservation Practices In Oil Palm Plantations On Sloping And 37 Steep Lands In Malaysia Mohsen, B., T.B.S., Christopher, Husni, M.H.A. and A.R., Zaharah

O7: Nutrients Loss By Surface Runoff In An Immature Oil Palm Field Under Controlled-Release 41 And Soluble Conventional Mixed Fertilization Bah, A., Husni, M.H.A., Teh, C.B.S., Rafii, M.Y. and Syed Omar, S.R.

O8: Adoption Of Fragrant Rice Farming: Insights From Paddy Farmers In Malaysia 45 Jamal, K., Kamarulzaman, N.H., Abdullah, A.M., Ismail, M.M. and Hashim, M.

O9: Selection Of Red Pea (Lathyrus cicera L.) For Drought And Heat Tolerance 50 Icoz, M., Ceylan, F.O., Inci, N.E., Canci, H. and Toker, C.

O10: Physiological Response Of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) To Methanol Foliar Application 55 Under Water Deficit Stress Khalilvand Behrouzyar, E.

O11: Glutathione Functions In Nitrogen-Induced Rice Yield 60 Jahan, M.S., Nozulaidi, M. and Khairi, M.

O12: Influence Of Water Stress On The Growth And Physiological Performance Of Hevea 64 brasiliensis, RRIM 3001 Grown On Three Soil Series Noorsuhaila, A.B., Noordin, W.D., Ishak, C.F. and Syafiq, H.

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International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

O53: Determination Of Physiological Parameters In Relation To Different Severity Levels Of 251 Ganoderma As A Mechanism For Early Detection In Oil Palms Ahmadi, P., Muharam, F.M., Mansor, S. and Idris, A.S.

O54: Smart Farming Technology For Oil Palm Plantation And Paddy Cultivation Industries 256 W.I., Wan Ishak and Muhamad Saufi, M.K.

O55: Effect of different level of energy to protein ratio on performance of village chicken fed on 260 dehydrated food waste, superworm and unfertilized egg Nadia, N., Dahlan, I., Tee, T.P. and Lokman, H.I.

O56: Modeling Internal Quality Indices Of Shell Eggs Under Ambient And Refrigeration Storage 264 Uneze, C.U., Yahaya, M.A. and Aboki, P.

O57: The Meat Quality Marketed In The Province Of Jambi, Indonesia 268 Haris Lukman, Muhammad Afdal and Sambas Muljana

O58: Detection Of Viable Mycobacterium paratuberculosis In Bovine Feces And Bovid-Contacted 271 Soil Via The Mycobacteriophage Amplification Assay Cheah, E.S.G., Ang, J.X.D. and Chan, C.C.

O59: Implementing IPM Systems For Controlling Multi Staged Pteroma pendula Joannis 274 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Outbreaks In Southern Perak Siti Ramlah, A.A., Noorhazwani, K., Mohd Razak, M.Y., Mohd Najib, A. and Mohd Mazmira, M.M., Syarifah Azura, S.I., and Norman, K.

O60: Nucleotide Sequence Analysis Of Gene Overdrive (OVD) In Drosophila melanogaster 280 Gamma Rays Irradiated Sutrisno, C.L., Anggraeni, T., and Suhandono, S.

O61: Feeding Preference And Growth Of Pomacea maculata And Pomacea canaliculata On 285 Selected Foods Arfan, A.G., Muhamad, R., Omar, D. and Nor Azwady A.A.

O62: Effect Of Artificial Diet On Survival, Development And Reproduction Of Chrysoperla sp. 289 (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) S.A., Memon, Omar, D.. Muhamad, R. and A.S., Sajap

O63: Comparing The Comparative Advantage And Profitability Of Poultry Subsector In Peninsular 292 Malaysia: An Application Of Policy Analysis Matrix Zuliana, Z.A., Zainalabidin, M., AbdLatif, I., Golnaz, R. and Juwaidah, S.

O64: Estimating Total Factor Productivity Growth Of Aquaculture In Malaysia: An Application Of 295 Malmquist Productivity Index Approach Abdullahi Iliyasu and Zainal Abidin, M.

O65: Factor Influencing Malaysian Consumer Beef Preference 297 Sitihawa, J., Golnaz, R., Zainalabidin, M., Juwaidah, S., and Rika, T. 7

International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

O57 THE MEAT QUALITY MARKETED IN THE PROVINCE OF JAMBI, INDONESIA

Haris Lukman, Muhammad Afdal and Sambas Muljana Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Jambi Kampus Mandalo Darat KM15 Jambi, 36361 Indonesia Corresponding e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Meat is not only one of food having high content of nutrient but it is also a good media for growing of microbes like bacteria. As the result of meat quality is always varied or disturbed in the market starting from slaughter house till the consumer. The aim of this study was to describe the quality of meat at the marketing chain in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Meat samples were collected from a thigh biceps of three different cows. Samples were from slaughter house (SH), central market (CM) and traditional market (TM) in some representative regions in Jambi Province. Parameter measured included total bacteria colony, pH, water holding capacity, and Eber test. Results showed that the total aerobic bacteria count were 1.35 x 107; 2.47 x 107 and 3.49 x107 cfu/g for SH, CM and TM respectively; the pH value of samples were 6.17, 5.85 and 5.72 for SH, CM and TM respectively; Eber Test Value (ETV) were 62.47, 54.00, 44.00 s for SH, CM and TM respectively; the water holding capacity (WHC) of samples were 311.70, 295.64 and 283.30 mg/g for SH, CM and TM respectively. The quality of meat sample was affected with length and distance of marketing chain.

Introduction Meat as a food should be worthy and safe to consumed in term of safe (aman), healthy (sehat), intact (undamaged) (utuh) and halal (ASUH) (Sudradjat, 2002). It means it should be normal condition and free from risk and dangerous thing biologically, physically and chemically. The ASUH condition is affected with some factors including the environment in SH, CM and TM within the marketing chain in Jambi Province. Furthermore, the processing of meat before, during and after slaughtering and in the market would influence the meat quality. Thereby, the length of processing and marketing chain would affect the meat quality such as the total amount of aerobic bacteria, pH, ETV and WHC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the meat quality in the processing and marketing chain in Jambi Province, Indonesia.

Material and methods Experimental procedure Meat samples were collected from SH, CM and TM Jambi town, Sungai Penuh town, Muaro Jambi Regency, Batanghari Regency and Tebo Regency. Around 200 g of meat sample was collected from back leg thigh (biceps femoris) around 2 h post mortem and at CM and TM at 06.00 - 08.00 AM.. Then samples were transferred into sterilized plastic bag, put into cooler box and transported to laboratory for analysis including total amount of aerobic bacteria, pH, ETV and WHC.

The total colony of aerobic bacteria were counted by using regular procedure. One gram of meat sample was serially diluted in sterilized buffered Pepton water 0.1 % (v/v) and the dilution was grown on Nutrient Agar media for colony counting in the next 24 h. The total colony of aerobic bacteria were counted using colony counter (Protocol 2, Synbiosis, England). Eber Test Value was done following procedure Muchtadi and Sugiyono (1992) Water holding capacity was done using method modified by Hamm (1972).

Data analysis As this experiment was a descriptive study so data was analyzed base on the average value of each parameter measured and solely compared to the standard.

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International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

Results and discussion The total colony of aerobic bacteria (TCB) of meat marketed in Jambi Province, Indonesia, is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Total colony of aerobic bacteria of meat marketed in Jambi Province, Indonesia Origin of sample Total colony of aerobic bacteria (CFU g-1) Slaughter house Central market Traditional market Jambi Town 6.83 ± 1.55 x 106 2.16 ± 1.56 x 107 2.86 ± 2.13 x 107 Muaro Jambi Regency 8.23 ± 6.04 x 106 2.60 ± 1.48 x 107 3.63 ± 2.82 x 107 Batanghari Regency 1.79 ± 1.61 x 107 2.28 ± 1.35 x 107 3.67 ± 1.94 x 107 Tebo Regency 1.02 ± 1.15 x 107 2.54 ± 1.33 x 107 4.38 ± 3.04 x 107 Sungai Penuh Town 2.42 ± 1.73 x 107 2.75 ± 2.32 x 107 2.89 ± 3.50 x 107 Average 1.35 ± 7.91 x 106 2.47 ± 7.88 x 107 3.49 ± 6.41 x 107

Result showed that the average of TCB at SH was 1.35 ± 7.91 x 106. It was higher than of Indonesia Standard (SNI 1995) of TCB of 5 x 105. (Anonymous, 2000). TCB would also increase in CM and TM as the effect of time and transportation. Soeparno (1992) mentioned that contamination on meat was started from SH until it was consumed. The contamination could be floor of SH, worker, the content of digestive tract, water, tool and environmental air.

The pH of meat is shown in Table 2. It is 6.17±0.33, 5.82±0.26 and 5.72±0.26 for SH, CM and TM respectively. It looked that the pH of meat is still fresh and good of pH. This pH is still in the

Table 2. pH, Eber test value and water holding capacity of meat marketed in the Province of Jambi, Indonesia Regency pH ETV (second) WHC (%)

Slaughter house Jambi Town 6.20 ± 0.16 66.0 ± 3.00 30.0 ± 4.51 Muaro Jambi Regency 6.05 ± 0.53 65.7 ± 8.62 31.7 ± 3.70 Batanghari Regency 6.21 ± 0.28 62.0 ± 4.00 28.5 ± 1.97 Tebo Regency 6.17 ± 0.41 63.7 ± 8.50 28.7 ± 4.60 Sungai Penuh Town 6.20 ± 0.30 55.0 ± 6.00 35.7 ± 0.58 Average 6.17 ± 0.33 62.5 ± 6.03 30.9 ± 3.07 Central market Jambi Town 5.73 ± 0.32 54.3 ± 5.03 29.3 ± 6.07 Muaro Jambi Regency 5.82 ± 0.17 54.0 ± 4.58 29.5 ± 1.76 Batanghari Regency 5.98 ± 0.23 52.7 ± 4.51 28.0 ± 3.79 Tebo Regency 5.59 ± 0.38 56.0 ± 9.64 25.2 ± 1.42 Sungai Penuh Town 5.99 ± 0.20 53.0 ± 4.58 35.7 ± 2.80 Average 5.82 ± 0.26 54.0 ± 5.67 29.6 ± 3.17 Traditional market Jambi Town 5.64 ± 0.26 46.3 ± 6.43 29.1 ± 7.64 Muaro Jambi Regency 5.52 ± 0.25 44.3 ± 4.93 23.8 ± 3.35 Batanghari Regency 5.93 ± 0.25 41.0 ± 8.19 26.3 ± 3.34 Tebo Regency 5.47 ± 0.44 34.7 ± 4.62 24.7 ± 2.48 Sungai Penuh Town 6.06 ± 0.08 53.7 ± 6.81 37.4 ± 0.64 Average 5.72 ± 0.26 44.0 ± 6.19 28.3 ± 3.49 range of Indonesian Standard of 5.3 – 5.8. This might be due to less glicolysis in meat during meat collection in the morning as the temperature was still relatively low to reduce the glicolysis.

The average Eber test values of meat are 44.0 ±6.19, 54.0 ±5.67 and 62.5 ±6.03 second for TM, CM and SH respectively (Table 2). This value shows the intensity of the degradation of amino acid in meat that produces ammonia with typical odour. The condition of TM, less hygiene and sanitize, would facilitate the contamination of meat from bacteria in which it reduces ETV (time).

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International Agriculture Congress 2014 Pullman Putrajaya Lakeside, Putrajaya, Malaysia 25-27 November 2014

The average value of WHC of meat are 30.90 ±3.07, 29.60 ±3.17 and 28.3 ±3.49 % for SH, CM and TM (Table 2). WHC is the ability of meat to hold water in which water could sustain the meat quality. Water could be use for metabolism in meat. This result shows the decrease of WHC was affected with the time of sampling.

References Anonymous. (2000). Direktori Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Badan Agribisnis Departemen Pertanian 2000. Jakarta. Muchtadi, T.R and Sugiyono. (1992). Ilmu pengetahuan bahan pangan. Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi. Institut Pertanian Bogor Soeparno. (1992). Ilmu Dan Teknologi Daging. Gajah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Sudradjat, S. (2002). Kebijakan pemerintah dalam keamanan produk pangan. Disampaikan dalam Pelatihan Penerapan HACCP Pada Industri Pangan Asal Hewan. Direktorat Jenderal Bina Produksi Peternakan. Jakarta

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